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1
Tsoi, Tamara V., Elena G. Plotnikova, James R. Cole, William F. Guerin, Michael Bagdasarian, and James M. Tiedje. "Cloning, Expression, and Nucleotide Sequence of thePseudomonas aeruginosa 142 ohb Genes Coding for Oxygenolytic ortho Dehalogenation of Halobenzoates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.5.2151-2162.1999.
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ABSTRACT We have cloned and characterized novel oxygenolyticortho-dehalogenation (ohb) genes from 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA)- and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate (2,4-dCBA)-degradingPseudomonas aeruginosa 142. Among 3,700 Escherichia coli recombinants, two clones, DH5αF′(pOD22) and DH5αF′(pOD33), converted 2-CBA to catechol and 2,4-dCBA and 2,5-dCBA to 4-chlorocatechol. A subclone of pOD33, plasmid pE43, containing the 3,687-bp minimized ohb DNA region conferred to P. putida PB2440 the ability to grow on 2-CBA as a sole carbon source. Strain PB2440(pE43) also oxidized but did not grow on 2,4-dCBA, 2,5-dCBA, or 2,6-dCBA. Terminal oxidoreductase ISPOHBstructural genes ohbA and ohbB, which encode polypeptides with molecular masses of 20,253 Da (β-ISP) and 48,243 Da (α-ISP), respectively, were identified; these proteins are in accord with the 22- and 48-kDa (as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) polypeptides synthesized inE. coli and P. aeruginosa parental strain 142. The ortho-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity was manifested in the absence of ferredoxin and reductase genes, suggesting that the ISPOHB utilized electron transfer components provided by the heterologous hosts. ISPOHB formed a new phylogenetic cluster that includes aromatic oxygenases featuring atypical structural-functional organization and is distant from the other members of the family of primary aromatic oxygenases. A putative IclR-type regulatory gene (ohbR) was located upstream of the ohbAB genes. An open reading frame (ohbC) of unknown function that overlaps lengthwise with ohbB but is transcribed in the opposite direction was found. TheohbC gene codes for a 48,969-Da polypeptide, in accord with the 49-kDa protein detected in E. coli. The ohbgenes are flanked by an IS1396-like sequence containing a putative gene for a 39,715-Da transposase A (tnpA) at positions 4731 to 5747 and a putative gene for a 45,247-Da DNA topoisomerase I/III (top) at positions 346 to 1563. Theohb DNA region is bordered by 14-bp imperfect inverted repeats at positions 56 to 69 and 5984 to 5997.
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Watanabe, Noboru. "A Note on Complexities by Means of Quantum Compound Systems." Entropy 22, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030298.
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It has been shown that joint probability distributions of quantum systems generally do not exist, and the key to solving this concern is the compound state invented by Ohya. The Ohya compound state constructed by the Schatten decomposition (i.e., one-dimensional orthogonal projection) of the input state shows the correlation between the states of the input and output systems. In 1983, Ohya formulated the quantum mutual entropy by applying this compound state. Since this mutual entropy satisfies the fundamental inequality, one may say that it represents the amount of information correctly transmitted from the input system through the channel to the output system, and it may play an important role in discussing the efficiency of information transfer in quantum systems. Since the Ohya compound state is separable state, it is important that we must look more carefully into the entangled compound state. This paper is intended as an investigation of the construction of the entangled compound state, and the hybrid entangled compound state is introduced. The purpose of this paper is to consider the validity of the compound states constructing the quantum mutual entropy type complexity. It seems reasonable to suppose that the quantum mutual entropy type complexity defined by using the entangled compound state is not useful to discuss the efficiency of information transmission from the initial system to the final system.
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Watanabe, Noboru. "Some Aspects of Complexities for Quantum Processes." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 16, no. 02n03 (September 2009): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161209000232.
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In quantum information theory, Emch, Conne, and Stormer were the first who studied the complexity of quantum dynamical processes. After that, Ohya introduced the [Formula: see text]-mixing entropy for general quantum systems and he defined the mean entropy and the mean mutual entropy for quantum dynamical systems based on the [Formula: see text]-mixing entropy. Conne, Narnhoffer and Thirring introduced the dynamical entropy (CNT entropy) and several researchers discussed this concept. Alicki and Fannes defined a different dynamical entropy — AF entropy. In 1995, Voiculescu proposed the dynamical approximation entropy. Accardi, Ohya and Watanabe defined yet another dynamical entropy (AOW entropy) through a quantum Markov process in 1997. In 1999, Kossakowski, Ohya and Watanabe introduced the dynamical entropy (KOW entropy) with respect to completely positive maps. In this paper, we discuss the complexity of quantum dynamical processes to calculate the dynamical entropy for noisy optical channels.In order to discuss the efficiency of information communication processes, a measure of complexity of initial state itself and a measure of transmitted complexity through communication channels are necessary. Quantum entropies were formulated on the basis of the quantum probability theory. In quantum communication systems, von Neumann entropy and Ohya mutual entropy relate to these measures of complexities, respectively. Recently, several mutual entropy type measures (Lindblad-Nielsen entropy and coherent entropy) were defined making use of entropy exchange with respect to a channel and initial state. In this paper, we show which of the measures is the most suitable one for discussing the efficiency of information transmission for quantum processes.
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Juteau, Pierre, Valérie Côté, Marie-France Duckett, Réjean Beaudet, François Lépine, Richard Villemur, and Jean-Guy Bisaillon. "Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobe that transforms phenol into benzoate via 4-hydroxybenzoate." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02914-0.
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An anaerobic bacterium that transforms phenol and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-OHB) into benzoate, strain LR7.2T, was isolated from a culture originating from a mixture of swamp water, sewage sludge, swine waste and soil. Cells of strain LR7.2T are Gram-positive short rods (1×2 μm) that are electron-dense when observed by electron microscopy. The optimum pH and temperature for growth and transformation activity of 4-OHB are 7·5–8·0 and 30–37 °C, respectively. The bacterium does not use sulphate, thiosulphate, nitrate, nitrite, FeCl3, fumarate or arsenate as an electron acceptor. It does not normally use sulphite, although stimulation of growth and 4-OHB transformation activity at a low concentration (up to 2 mM) has been reported previously under different culture conditions. The presence of 4-OHB or phenol is essential for growth; transformation of 4-OHB or phenol into benzoate is used to produce energy for growth. Using [6D]-phenol, 4-OHB was shown to be an intermediate in the transformation of phenol into benzoate. No spore was observed. The bacterium has a DNA G+C content of 51 mol% and its major membrane fatty acid is anteiso-C15 : 0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain LR7.2T shows only 90 % similarity to its closest relative (Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum). From these results, a new taxon is proposed: Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is LR7.2T (=ATCC BAA-820T=DSM 15808T).
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Tardif, Annie, Nathalie Julien, Amélie Pelletier, Gaétan Thibault, Ashok K. Srivastava, Jean-Louis Chiasson, and Lise Coderre. "Chronic exposure to β-hydroxybutyrate impairs insulin action in primary cultures of adult cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): E1205—E1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1205.
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Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients often show elevated plasma ketone body concentrations. Because ketone bodies compete with other energetic substrates and reduce their utilization, they could participate in the development of insulin resistance in the heart. We have examined the effect of elevated levels of ketone bodies on insulin action in primary cultures of adult cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were cultured with the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) for 4 or 16 h, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was evaluated. Although short-term exposure to ketone bodies was not associated with any change in insulin action, our data demonstrated that preincubation with β-OHB for 16 h markedly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. This effect is concentration dependent and persists for at least 6 h after the removal of β-OHB from the media. Ketone bodies also decreased the stimulatory effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and pervanadate on glucose uptake. This diminution could not be explained by a change in either GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 protein content in cardiomyocytes. Chronic exposure to β-OHB was associated with impaired protein kinase B activation in response to insulin and pervanadate. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to ketone bodies altered insulin action in cardiomyocytes and suggest that this substrate could play a role in the development of insulin resistance in the heart.
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Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Satoshi Tsuchiya, and Okihiro Ohsaka. "Behaviour of debris flows located in a mountainous torrent on the Ohya landslide, Japan." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-019.
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Although information on the behaviour of debris flow in the initiation zone is important for the development of mitigative measures, field data regarding this behaviour are scarce. This research examines the behaviour of debris flow in the initiation zone, based on field observations in the upper Ichinosawa catchment of the Ohya landslide in Japan. In spring 1998, a monitoring system, consisting of video cameras, ultrasonic sensors, capacitive water depth probes, and water pressure sensors (WPS), was installed to assess the behaviour of debris flows in the initiation zone. On the basis of video image analysis, we found that main flow phases during debris-flow events consisted of flow containing largely muddy water and flow containing largely cobbles and boulders. Data obtained from ultrasonic sensors and WPS show that the former flow type (muddy flow) has large amounts of interstitial water throughout its mass, whereas the latter flow type has an unsaturated layer in the upper portion. Results indicate that the concentration of solids in debris flows differs from flow to flow. Debris flows in the upper Ichinosawa catchment cause both erosion and deposition and exhibit changes in their concentration of solids.Key words: debris flow, Ohya landslide, flow behaviour, observation, initiation zone.
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Guerci, Bruno, Laurent Meyer, Agnès Sallé, Anne Charrié, Brigitte Dousset, Olivier Ziegler, and Pierre Drouin. "Comparison of Metabolic Deterioration between Insulin Analog and Regular Insulin after a 5-Hour Interruption of a Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type 1 Diabetic Patients1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 2673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.8.5912.
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An interruption of continuous sc insulin infusion (CSII) of the insulin analog lispro should result in a more rapid metabolic deterioration of type 1 diabetic patients because of its pharmacokinetic characteristics. We analyzed the metabolic changes occurring during a 5-h interruption of CSII and the 5 h after restarting the pump in 10 type 1 diabetic patients. The study was a randomized, cross-over, open label design comparing insulin analog [Lispro (LP)] and regular insulin [Velosuline (VE)]. Plasma glucose, free insulin, glucagon,β -hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured every hour from 0700 h (time zero) to 1700 h (600 min). After stopping CSII, the plasma glucose level was significantly higher in the LP group than in the VE group (P < 0.05–0.01). The plasma free insulin level decreased significantly with the two treatments, but was significantly lower with LP than with VE (P < 0.05–0.01). Plasma NEFA increased more rapidly and was significantly higher in the LP group than in the VE group (P < 0.01–0.05). Plasma β-OHB increased earlier with LP, but was not statistically different between the treatments. After restarting the pump, plasma glucose decreased with LP, but continued to increase with VE, and the plasma free insulin peak occurred earlier and was greater with LP than with VE (P < 0.05). Plasma NEFA and β-OHB levels decreased significantly with the two treatments, but more dramatically with LP treatment. Thus, a short interruption of Lispro in CSII is associated with an earlier, greater metabolic deterioration, but Lispro corrected this metabolic deterioration more effectively.
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Chestnutt, D. M. B. "The effect of contrasting silages offered in mid and late pregnancy on the performance of breeding ewes." Animal Science 49, no. 3 (December 1989): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032633.
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ABSTRACTEarly-cut, precision-chopped (EP) and late-cut, flail-harvested (LF) silages were offered ad libitum to breeding ewes during mid and late pregnancy in two experiments. Silages offered in late pregnancy were factorially arranged with silages offered in mid pregnancy giving four silage treatments. Voluntary drymatter intake, ewe weight change, lamb birth weight and blood levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) and non-esterifiable free fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. The intake of LF silage was proportionately 0·61 and 0·72 of that of EP silage in mid and late pregnancy respectively. While type of silage given in mid pregnancy did not affect the mean silage intake in weeks 15 to 20 of pregnancy, the rate of decline in intake was higher and the intake during week 20 of pregnancy was lower following the feeding of EP silage in mid pregnancy. Despite a considerably lower level of body reserves associated with LF silage given in mid pregnancy, there was little effect on levels of 3-OHB or NEFA in late pregnancy or on lamb birth weight.
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Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Norifumi Hotta, Haruka Tsunetaka, Okihiro Ohsaka, and Satoshi Tsuchiya. "Relationship between the accumulation of sediment storage and debris-flow characteristics in a debris-flow initiation zone, Ohya landslide body, Japan." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 1923–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1923-2017.
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Abstract. Debris flows usually occur in steep mountain channels and can be extremely hazardous as a result of their destructive power, long travel distance, and high velocity. However, their characteristics in the initiation zones, which could possibly be affected by temporal changes in the accumulation conditions of the storage (i.e., channel gradient and volume of storage) associated with sediment supply from hillslopes and the evacuation of sediment by debris flows, are poorly understood. Thus, we studied the relationship between the flow characteristics and the accumulation conditions of the storage in an initiation zone of debris flow at the Ohya landslide body in Japan using a variety of methods, including a physical analysis, a periodical terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) survey, and field monitoring. Our study clarified that both partly and fully saturated debris flows are important hydrogeomorphic processes in the initiation zones of debris flow because of the steep terrain. The predominant type of flow varied temporally and was affected by the volume of storage and rainfall patterns. Fully saturated flow dominated when the total volume of storage was < 10 000 m3, while partly saturated flow dominated when the total volume of the storage was > 15 000 m3. Debris flows form channel topography which reflects the predominant flow types during debris-flow events. Partly saturated debris flow tended to form steeper channel sections (22.2–37.3°), while fully saturated debris flow tended to form gentler channel sections ( < 22.2°). Such relationship between the flow type and the channel gradient could be explained by a simple analysis of the static force at the bottom of the sediment mass.
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Leblanc, N., and J. R. Hume. "D 600 block of L-type Ca2+ channel in vascular smooth muscle cells: comparison with permanently charged derivative, D 890." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): C689—C695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.4.c689.
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It has been reported that D 600 blocks the high-threshold Ca2+ channel (L-type) from the outside in isolated vascular and ileal smooth muscle cells of the rabbit (Y. Ohya, K. Terada, K. Kitamura, and H. Kuriyama. Pfluegers Arch. 408: 80-82, 1987). We have reinvestigated this hypothesis by comparing the effects of external and internal applications of D 600 and the permanently charged quaternary derivative D 890 on the whole cell Ca2+ current (Ica) recorded in vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from the rabbit portal vein. At low frequencies of stimulation (0.05 Hz), externally applied D 600 inhibited Ica in a dose-dependent fashion, with a complete block occurring at 10(-4) M. D 600 was approximately 1,000 times more potent than D 890 for causing inhibition of Ica using this protocol. During a train of stimulations at 0.5 Hz, D 600 (10(-6) M) produced a minor additional frequency-dependent block of Ica, as shown in other preparations. During superfusion with D 890 (10(-4) M), a similar protocol produced little if any decline in the amplitude of Ica. No evidence of block could be detected during intracellular dialysis of D 600 (10(-4) M). At the same concentration, intracellular application of D 890 produced a slow block of Ica. To test whether D 600 could be effectively dialysed using a patch micropipette, similar experiments were performed in cardiac ventricular myocytes. In this preparation, intracellular dialysis of D 600 induced a rapid inhibition of the Ica.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sun, G. H., A. Hirata, Y. Ohya, and Y. Anraku. "Mutations in yeast calmodulin cause defects in spindle pole body functions and nuclear integrity." Journal of Cell Biology 119, no. 6 (December 15, 1992): 1625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.119.6.1625.
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Yeast calmodulin (CaM) is required for the progression of nuclear division (Ohya, Y. and Y. Anraku. 1989. Curr. Genet. 15:113-120), although the precise mechanism and physiological role of CaM in this process are unclear. In this paper we have characterized the phenotype caused by a temperature-sensitive lethal mutation (cmdl-101) in the yeast CaM. The cmdl-101 mutation expresses a carboxyl-terminal half of the yeast CaM (Met72-Cys147) under the control of an inducible GAL1 promoter. Incubation of the cmdl-101 cells at a nonpermissive temperature causes a severe defect in chromosome segregation. The rate of chromosome loss in the cmdl-101 mutant is higher than wild-type cell even at permissive temperature. The primary visible defect observed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopic analyses is that the organization of spindle microtubules is abnormal in the cmdl-101 cells grown at nonpermissive temperature. Majority of budded cells arrested at the high temperature contain only one spindle pole body (SPB), which forms monopolar spindle, whereas the budded cells of the same strain incubated at permissive temperature all contain two SPBs. Using the freeze-substituted fixation method, we found that the integrity of the nuclear morphology of the cmdl-101 mutant cell is significantly disturbed. The nucleus in wild-type cells is round with smooth contours of nuclear envelope. However, the nuclear envelope in the mutant cells appears to be very flexible and forms irregular projections and invaginations that are never seen in wild-type cells. The deformation of the nuclear becomes much more severe as the incubation at nonpermissive temperature continues. The single SPB frequently localizes on the projections or the invaginations of the nuclear envelope. These observations suggest that CaM is required for the functions of SPB and spindle, and the integrity of nucleus.
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Risinger, Mary A., Edyta Glogowska, Amber Hogart Begtrup, Neha Dagaonkar, Satheesh Chonat, Clinton H. Joiner, Charles T. Quinn, Theodosia A. Kalfa, and Patrick G. Gallagher. "The Novel PIEZO1 Mutation p.L2023V Is Causal for Hereditary Xerocytosis Resulting in Delayed Channel Inactivation and a Dehydrated Red Blood Cell Phenotype." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.741.741.
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Abstract The regulation of cell volume is important for the maintenance of integrity in all cells and is especially critical for the highly specialized red blood cell (RBC) which must withstand pressure changes within the vasculature and remain deformable to traverse small vessels. Disorders that interfere with volume homeostasis result in the premature destruction of RBCs. One protein that appears to play a prominent role in RBC hydration is the recently described nonselective cation channel PIEZO1 which is involved in mechanotransduction. Mutations of PIEZO1 have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) characterized by RBC dehydration known as hereditary xerocytosis (HX) (Zarychanski et al., Blood 2012;120:1908). There is evidence that PIEZO1 may also be responsible for a channel activity that participates in the dehydration of sickle cells which exacerbates sickling and vaso-occlusive events in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (reviewed in Gallagher, Curr Opin Hematol 2013, 20:201). Using a Next-Generation sequencing panel containing 27 hemolytic anemia associated genes, we identified and characterized a novel PIEZO1 mutation p.L2023V which results in delayed channel inactivation and a dehydrated RBC phenotype. This single amino acid substitution at a highly conserved site was detected in the heterozygous state in a 15 year old Caucasian young man (CQ15) with chronic hemolysis well compensated with reticulocytosis, along with heterozygosity for the SLC4A1 p.E40K mutation known as band 3 Montefiore. Hematologic characteristics included macrocytosis, elevated MCHC, and a smear showing occasional stomatocytes. Several family members also had hemolysis and jaundice and were given a diagnosis of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis prior to our evaluation. The L2023V mutation was considered possibly damaging by the PolyPhen-2 algorithm with a score of 0.777. The mother was heterozygous for the PIEZO1 L2023V mutation while the father carried the band 3 Montefiore mutation. Ektacytometry was used to evaluate RBC deformability; the mother's RBCs had a profile of classic xerocytosis with decreased Omin and Ohyp, the father had a very mild spherocytosis profile, while the patient's RBCs had mixed ektacytometry characteristics with decreased Ohyp and an intermediate Omin (Figure 1A). Intracellular cation values determined by flame emission spectroscopy for CQ15 and his mother demonstrated K+ loss. The mutation p.L2023V is located at a site predicted to be at the border between membrane and cytoplasm in the carboxy terminal part of the protein, similar to the previously described p.R2456H mutation in a kindred with HX (Zarychanski et al., 2012). To enable detailed physiologic study of the L2023V mutation, we prepared an HEK293 cell line with a stable, single copy integrant of the variant with an inducible promoter. Whole cell patch clamp studies were performed on HEK293 cells expressing wild type PIEZO1 and PIEZO1 L2023V. Traces of mechanically activated currents were recorded from the cells and were normalized to peak current (Figure 1B). The inactivation time constant tau (in ms) was determined from mono-exponential fits for wild type and mutant PIEZO1 channels. The difference in average inactivation time between wild type PIEZO1 and PIEZO1 L2023V was highly significant (Student's t-test; p<0.0001) and is predicted to lead to cellular dehydration. Patients often present with a complex clinical picture and laboratory results and may have combinations of potentially damaging genetic variants identified by Next-Generation sequencing. The examination of clinical, laboratory, and genetic data from family members and, in some cases, in vitro studies are required to clarify the relative contribution of these variants and to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. The data presented here further our understanding of the role of PIEZO1 in RBCs and its potential pathological contribution in HHAs with associated cellular dehydration and may facilitate the future development of therapeutic targets for treatment of these conditions. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Rydzewska, Marta, Justyna Michalak, Anna Bossowska, Shu Chen, Sarah Black, Michael Powell, Jadwiga Furmaniak, Bernard Rees Smith, and Artur Bossowski. "Analysis of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid diseases." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0367.
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Abstract Background Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8Abs) together with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAbs), insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2Abs) and insulin autoantibodies (IAbs) are markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We studied the prevalence of ZnT8Ab in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) to assess the association of AITDs and T1DM at the serological level. Methods The study groups consisted of 44 children with Graves’ disease (GD), 65 children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), 199 children with T1DM with or without AITDs and 58 control children. ZnT8Ab, GADAb, IA-2Ab, IAb, 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21-OHAbs) and acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies (AChRAbs) were measured. Results ZnT8Abs were found in 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD, and 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD were positive for GADAb. Of the 65 HT patients, six (9.2%) were positive for ZnT8Ab, while four (6.2%) were positive for GADAb. In the T1DM group, 128/199 (64%) of the patients were positive for ZnT8Ab, 133/199 (67%) for GADAb and 109/199 (55%) for IA-2Ab. One GD patient and one HT patient were positive for all the four diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Two HT patients were positive for three diabetes autoantibodies. Two GD (4.5%) and five HT (7.7%) patients were positive for 21-OHAb only. None of the patients had AChRAb. In the control group, 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for GADAb and 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for ZnT8Ab. Conclusions Diabetes-associated autoantibodies including ZnT8Ab were found in children and adolescents with GD and HT.
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Yokoshiki, H., Y. Katsube, and N. Sperelakis. "Regulation of Ca2+ channel currents by intracellular ATP in smooth muscle cells of rat mesenteric artery." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): H814—H819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.2.h814.
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Regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent phosphorylation, which requires Mg2+ATP as a phosphate donor, has been reported (T. Ishikawa, J. R. Hume, and K. D. Keef. Circ. Res. 73: 1128-1137, 1993; Z. Xiong, N. Sperelakis, and C. Fenoglio-Preiser. J. Vasc. Res. 31: 271-279, 1994), and regulation by ATP has been demonstrated (Y. Ohya and N. Sperelakis. Circ. Res. 64: 145-154, 1989). However, it has not been elucidated whether the regulation by ATP is mediated by a mechanism that is distinct from phosphorylation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intracellularly perfused ATP on Ca2+ channel currents of VSM cells isolated from rat mesenteric arteries using a whole cell voltage clamp combined with an intracellular perfusion technique. Ba2+ currents (I(Ba)) through Ca2+ channels were evoked by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -80 mV with 130 mM Cs+ in the pipette and 100 mM Ba2+ in the bath. The decrease in the ATP concentration (from 5 to 0.1 mM) in the pipette caused a 45 +/- 5% (n = 8) reduction of maximal I(Ba) obtained at +40 mV within 10 min. The dose-response relation between I(Ba) and ATP showed a dissociation constant of 0.53 mM ATP. This concentration is much higher than that usually required for phosphorylation (e.g., few micromolar). Increase in the ATP (from 0.1 to 5 mM) caused an enhancement of maximal I(Ba) by 57 +/- 10% (n = 6), and this enhancement was not prevented in the presence of 30 microM H-7, a nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinases, or 1 microM protein kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor protein of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results indicate that slow Ca2+ channels in VSM cells are regulated by intracellular ATP, independently of phosphorylation, implying a direct regulatory action, such as a requirement for ATP binding to the inner surface of the channel, to exhibit activity.
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Shivaprasad, Channabasappa, Anish Kolly, Annie Pulikkal, and K. M. Prasanna Kumar. "High prevalence of organ specific autoantibodies in Indian type 1 diabetic patients." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 30, no. 7 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0011.
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AbstractBackground:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis, coeliac disease (CD) and Addison’s disease. There are sparse data on the prevalence of antibodies against these conditions in Indian patients with T1D. This study aims to evaluate prevalence of these T1D associated autoantibodies in Indian patients.Methods:Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with T1D were recruited from the Bangalore Diabetes Hospital and the Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (VIMS) for the study. Participants diagnosed with diabetes before the age of 18 years, as per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, and who were classified as T1D based on clinical grounds were recruited for the study. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) and IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) were estimated in all the patients. 21-Hydroxylase antibody (21-OHAb) were estimated in 170 patients. All assays were done by commercial immunoassay. Eighty-eight unrelated age-matched healthy controls were chosen for comparison.Results:The mean age of T1D patients was 14.33 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 4.88 years. Anti-TPO was positive in 43 (16.7%) patients with T1D as compared to 3 (3.4%) in controls. IgA tTG was positive in 12 (4.65%) patients with T1D and was absent in controls. 21-OHAb was positive in two (1.1%) patients with T1D and was absent in controls. Both patients who had positive 21-OHab had the other two antibodies. Five patients had positive anti-TPO and IgA-tTG antibodies.Conclusions:Anti-TPO antibody was the most prevalent antibody in patients with T1D. Anti-TPO and IgA-tTG antibodies were significantly higher than in the control population. Further studies will be required to assess the clinical significance of these positive antibodies.
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Kang, Woo-Ri, Min-Ju Seo, Kyung-Chul Shin, Jin-Byung Park, and Deok-Kun Oh. "Comparison of Biochemical Properties of the Original and Newly Identified Oleate Hydratases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83, no. 9 (February 24, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03351-16.
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ABSTRACT Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which are used as precursors of important industrial compounds, including lactones and ω-hydroxycarboxylic and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. The genes encoding OhyA and a putative fatty acid hydratase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identified by genomic analysis. The putative fatty acid hydratase was purified and identified as an oleate hydratase (OhyA2) based on its substrate specificity. The activity of OhyA2 as a holoenzyme was not affected by adding cofactors, whereas the activity of the original oleate hydratase (OhyA1) showed an increase. Thus, all characterized OhyAs were categorized as either OhyA1 or OhyA2 based on the activities of holoenzymes upon adding cofactors, which were determined by the type of the fourth conserved amino acid of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif. The hydration activities of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, were greater than those of OhyA1. Moreover, the specific activity of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of γ-linolenic acid, was the highest among all reported OhyAs. IMPORTANCE All characterized OhyAs were categorized as OhyA1s or OhyA2s based on the different properties of the reported and newly identified holo-OhyAs in S. maltophilia upon the addition of cofactors. OhyA2s showed higher activities toward polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, than those of OhyA1s. This suggests that OhyA2s can be used more effectively to convert plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids because plant oils contain not only oleic acid but also PUFAs. The hydration activity of the newly identified OhyA2 from S. maltophilia toward oleic acid was the highest among the activity levels reported so far. Therefore, this enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst for the conversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be further converted to important industrial materials.