Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oil and Hazardous Materials

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Oil and Hazardous Materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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Stolecka, Katarzyna. "Hazards of the Road Transportation of Hazardous Materials." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2020-0029.

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AbstractA lot of substances and items are transported by road, sea, rail and air every day. The biggest hazard is created by the transportation of hazardous substances with flammable, caustic or toxic properties. The hazard level increases if such substances are transported through densely populated areas. Traffic intensity, the technical condition of vehicles, drivers’ errors or ignorance and non-compliance with legal regulations are examples of factors that can lead to potential failures in the transport sector. Accidents can cause an uncontrolled release of dangerous gases or liquids, resulting e.g. in environmental degradation or a hazard to humans. The article presents the issues related to the hazards presented by road transportation of hazardous materials. Examples are shown of potential effects of accidents and hazard zones arising due to a release of selected hazardous substances, such as chlorine, ammonia, petrol, diesel oil or LPG.
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Wolf, Martha A., and Chuck Baker. "Combining Oil and Hazardous Materials Worst Case Discharge Scenarios." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-719.

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ABSTRACT Consideration of credible worst case discharges (WCDs) is part of the contingency planning processes mandated by the Clean Air Act 112(r) and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) to be included in Facility Response Plans, Area Contingency Plans, Risk Management Plans, and other related plans. The WCD must be in accordance with the National Response Plan. The process of developing a WCD gives the facility or Area Committee a tool to determine the resources and training needed, and sensitive areas that need to be protected. While working with Area Committees in developing WCDs, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII has recognized the value of examining both oil and hazardous materials. In many cases, it is very effective to combine the two into one WCD, yet, in other cases, the scenario would be so far fetched that it is best to have two separate WCDs. Response scenarios are complicated in those situations where an oil spill occurs along with the release of a hazardous chemical. For inland areas, the most likely scenarios involving the release of oil products and hazardous chemicals are associated with rail transportation adjacent to major waterways. Often, the oil spill will become of secondary importance when accompanied by a human life-threatening chemical release, but, with prior planning, human health can be protected and environmental damage associated with the oil spill can be minimized. Simultaneous oil and hazardous chemical releases complicate response actions. Additional agencies will be involved, and complications with regard to health and safety, and regulatory constraints are additional factors during these response actions. This paper describes some of these additional considerations in planning for an oil and hazardous chemical release and draw on the experiences derived from actual oil and hazardous material responses.
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Gratt, L. B. "Risk analysis of hazardous materials in oil shale." Journal of Hazardous Materials 10, no. 2-3 (July 1985): 317–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(85)87010-2.

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Ghaleh, Sahar, Manouchehr Omidvari, Parvin Nassiri, Mansour Momeni, and Seyed Mohammadreza Miri Lavasani. "Pattern of safety risk assessment in road fleet transportation of hazardous materials (oil materials)." Safety Science 116 (July 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.02.039.

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Wang, Pu Hui, Chuan Pin Zou, and Hui Zhong. "The Study of Highly Oil Absorption Polyurethane Foam Material and its Application in the Emergency Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.847.

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This paper introduced a kind of oil absorption polyurethane foam (PUF) material, which had good absorption on a variety of liquid hazardous chemicals. The absorption rate of this material while absorbing crude oil can reach 40g / g or more and the absorption rate to xylene is 49.9g / g. In addition, this paper also discussed the relationship among the cell opening rate, volume availability and the oil absorption rate of the foam material, comparing with oil absorption felt, the commonly used absorption materials. Researchers observed the microstructure of PUF by the scanning electron microscope, discussed its oil absorption mechanism and analyzed its emergency disposal in the leakage accident of hazardous chemicals.
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Hutchinson, Harry. "Containing Risk." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 06 (June 1, 2007): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-jun-2.

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This article discusses innovative ways for transporting hazardous materials. Many materials classified as hazardous are not directly toxic to human beings, but represent risks to the environment. Hazardous materials include whiskey, contaminated soil, and motor oil. Researchers have found new insulating materials that will take up less room and still give the same thermal protection, or perhaps better. The project is investigating materials from companies that include Microthermal and Aspen Aerogels. Reducing the thickness of insulation material leaves space for new materials to add strength to the car. The shipper, the tank car maker, and the rail operator have joined forces for stronger cars, and now they have government support, too. Dow looks at alternative ways of doing business to reduce the need to ship hazardous materials. According to an expert, one solution, along these lines, brought about a safer way to handle one customer's shipments of acrolein.
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Zeiss, Chris. "Hazardous material loading to municipal landfills in resource-based communities." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-059.

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Landfills in rural, resource-based communities are receiving unknown quantities of potentially hazardous materials, including household hazardous wastes (HHHW) and industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) wastes in self-hauled and collection vehicle loads. Rural generation and disposal rates are expected to be higher than in urban areas.The research program was conducted in a resource-based community consisting of a town of about 5500 residents and the surrounding rural area with an equal number of residents in Alberta. The research objective was to determine the weight fraction of hazardous materials in the refuse through physical sampling of the waste stream at the community landfill. Over a 1-year period (1991), large collection vehicle loads and self-hauled private and ICI loads from the town and the rural area were sampled during 1 week in each season using a two-staged systematic random sampling design to measure the average weight fraction and variation by season and by type of load. The results show the annual average weight fraction of hazardous materials to be 6.7% with a 95% confidence interval of 4.0% to 9.4%. Seasonal differences are apparent, but are not significant. Self-hauled ICI and rural wastes tend to contain higher percentages of potentially hazardous materials, but the variation is also higher so the values are not significantly different from those from the town. The detected materials consist mainly of oily wastes (debris, oil containers, and vehicle oil filters), other automotive products, and paints. As a result, the hazardous material content of rural community refuse appears to be substantially higher than the 0.3% to 1.0% reported for HHHW in urban refuse streams. While the rural composition suggests that vehicle and home maintenance contribute some of the difference, this study also shows that ICI wastes and self-hauled loads contribute noticeable quantities of potentially hazardous materials. The results suggest that it is essential for rural communities to consider waste management alternatives for potentially hazardous materials because rural waste streams contain significantly higher percentages and because rural landfills are often not designed to as high a standard as large urban facilities. Key words: household hazardous waste, ICI waste, waste stream analysis, rural landfills, refuse waste stream.
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Yang, Qian, Chenxi Zhang, Lei Li, and Weijie Xu. "Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oil Sludge with Corn Stover for Efficient Biogas Production." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051861.

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The feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion for the utilization of oil sludge was verified using corn stover, to assess the influence of different raw material ratios and inoculum volumes on the properties of the generated gas. The anaerobic co-digestion method is a novel treatment technology, which may help to solve the problem of pollution by hazardous waste oil sand from the oil exploitation and smelting process. Results showed that single-oil sludge was not suitable for gas production as a digestive substrate due to the lack of organic materials and possible hazardous materials. With the increase in the quality of exogenous organic matter (corn stover), the cumulative gas production volume was proportional to the amount of corn stover material added. It was established that when the mass ratio of corn stover to oil sludge was 4:1, the gas production performance was optimal, with a cumulative gas yield of 1222.5 mL using an inoculum volume of 30 mL. The results of this study provide a fundamental parameter baseline for the treatment of oil sludge and the improvement of gas production efficiency.
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Plourde, Kristy L., LaDonn Hight-Allen, Denise L. Matthews, Martin L. Smith, and CDR Jeff Gafkjen. "HOW WILL THE NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN AND THE NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AFFECT OIL SPILL RESPONSE IN THE UNITED STATES1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-747.

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ABSTRACT The United States faces a broad range of threats and hazards, both naturally occurring and manmade. Over the past few decades, efforts to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from these varied threats and hazards have evolved into a patchwork collection of special-purpose plans including the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). These plans govern U.S. policy toward hazardous materials releases and oil spill response. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5), Management of Domestic Incidents, mandates the creation of a National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Plan (NRP) to provide a single, comprehensive national approach to incident management. The NRP is intended to integrate the various prevention, preparedness, response and recovery plans into an all-discipline, all-hazard approach. NIMS provides a standard Incident Command System (ICS) for Federal, State, local and tribal government to work together to prepare for and respond to incidents. NIMS ICS includes a core set of concepts, principles, terminology, technologies, multi-agency coordination systems, unified command, training, identification/management of resources, qualification/certification, and the collection, tracking and reporting of incident information and incident resources. Together, the NRP and NIMS provide a standardized framework to ensure that Federal, State, local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations work in partnership to support domestic incident management regardless of cause, size, or complexity of the incident. How does this change what is being done in oil and hazardous materials response? The National Contingency Plan (NCP, 40 CFR 300) notes that “where practicable,” the framework for the response shall use ICS within a Unified Command (UC) system. OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.120) also require the use of ICS for emergency response. The response community (federal, state, local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations) has been using “ICS” in oil spill/HAZMAT response since the early 1990's in the United States. NIMS ICS will be used when responding to oil HAZMAT spills, however, there are differences in ICS implementation between responders in the response community and NIMS ICS will have stricter requirements to improve uniformity in application. These similarities and differences will be discussed at length in this paper.
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Kamarden, Hamidah, Kamarizan Kidam, Haslenda Hashim, and Onn Hassan. "An Investigation into the Need of Process Safety Management (PSM) in the Palm Oil Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.458.

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Palm oil industry (POI) is one of the major industries in Malaysia that contribute more than half of the Malaysia’s export value. Hence, the development of the industry also includes the well-being of the workers in the industry. As a consequence, the POI must adhere to several laws that provide protection for the workers’ safety and health such as OSHA 1994 and availability of guidelines to safety and health management such as OHSAS 18001. However, in terms of process safety, the POI is way lacking behind despite several incidents that show that POI as well is susceptible to process failures that lead to disastrous accidents. Process safety management has been successfully implemented in the chemical process industry (CPI) which is driven by the fact that the process is high risk with the utilization of hazardous materials and likelihood of fire and explosion. Hence, by comparison, it is found that these two industries has some similarity in terms of hazards, however the risk is found to be lower in the POI as compared to the CPI mainly because of the more hazardous materials that are involved in the CPI.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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Vadiala, Veena. "Hazardous materials database." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1701.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 132 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
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O'Brien, Daniel John. "Hazardous Materials Transportation Flow Survey: An Evaluation of Hazardous Materials Transported in Washington County." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1011101-161534/unrestricted/obriend110601.pdf.

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Kongboonma, Songsamorn. "The transportation of hazardous materials /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11164.

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Stagnolia, Steed Kenlee. "Risk Assessment for Hazardous Materials Incident, Washington County, Tennessee: Road Transportation, Rail Transportation, and Hazardous Materials Storage." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2125.

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This study was conducted to provide a quantitative risk assessment for road transportation, railway transportation, and storage of hazardous materials in Washington County, Tennessee. A roadside survey, railroad hazardous materials survey, and a chemical inventory were conducted. It revealed an estimated 267,858 HAZMAT shipments per year on primary and secondary roadways and an estimated total of 9.4 x 109 tons of HAZMAT shipped by rail per year. There are 49 facilities that store a daily average of 33,722,700 lbs of HAZMAT. The risk of a hazardous materials incident occurring in Washington County is highest for Interstate transportation. The risk for a HAZMAT incident within the county is lower or equal to similar locations in the United States for other roadways surveyed, rail transportation, and fixed storage. Low risk does not mean there is no risk. In order to be prepared for a future incident planning, training, and research should continue.
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MAGALHAES, LICIANE CARNEIRO. "TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: MULTIOBJECTIVE ROUTING MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13396@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O transporte de materiais perigosos tem recebido atenção considerável nos últimos anos, despertando assim o interesse de pesquisadores em se aprofundar e desenvolver modelos matemáticos de roteirização que minimizem o risco associado a esta operação. O presente trabalho baseia-se em estudos focados em encontrar rotas que minimizam a distância total, a probabilidade de acidentes, a população potencialmente exposta, as conseqüências associadas aos acidentes ou uma combinação desses fatores. No entanto, ainda que uma rota possa ter uma probabilidade muito baixa de acidente, ou estar associada a uma baixa conseqüência esperada (custo), pode não ser correto escolher essa rota se a conseqüência potencial ao ocorrer um acidente seja alta. Percebe-se então, que os diferentes interesses ligados à otimização do transporte de Materiais Perigosos (MP) podem ser conflitantes entre si, obtendo assim um problema com múltiplos objetivos, no qual nem sempre é possível identificar a melhor solução, ou seja, uma alternativa que se desempenha melhor que outras, em todos os critérios. Nesse contexto, o estudo que segue apresenta um modelo multiobjetivo para a roteirização de MP, além de uma metodologia específica de resolução que permita determinar rotas que minimizam o risco de acidentes com baixas probabilidades de ocorrência, mas com altas conseqüências, que podem dar lugar a altos custos, tanto ao meio ambiente como à população exposta. Ao final do trabalho são feitas indicações de questões e extensões para futuras pesquisas.
Hazardous materials transportation has received considerable attention in the last years. Many researchers have been developing mathematical models that minimize the risk associated to this operation. The present work is based on studies that focus routing techniques that minimize either the total distance, the expected number of accidents (fatal or not fatal), the accident probability, the residential population within a given distance from a route, or a mixture of these parameters. They work with the assumption that a route should not be chosen if the potential consequence incurred given that an accident occurs is high, even if the route has a very low probability of an accident, or a low associated expected consequence. For this reason, it is possible to observe that an important characteristic of the hazardous materials routing problem is the existence of multiple conflicting objectives. This means that a route that minimizes risk may not coincide with a route that minimizes the truck operating cost, or with a route that minimizes the risk imposed to special population categories. In this context, this research presents a multiobjective model to the Hazardous Materials Routing and also a specific solution methodology that determines routes that minimize the accident risk with low probabilities, but with high consequences, including the high cost affecting the environment and the population exposed. A number of extensions and open issues are indicated for future research.
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Zhang, Jianjun. "Spatial analysis tools for hazardous materials transportation logistics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/NQ34861.pdf.

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De, Angelis Simone. "Emergency response to railroad accidents involving hazardous materials." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8071/.

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The chemical industry has to face safety problems linked to the hazards of chemicals and the risks posed by the plants where they are handled. However, their transport may cause significant risk values too: it’s not totally possible to avoid the occurrence of accidents. This work is focused on the emergency response to railway accidents involving hazardous materials, that is what has to be done once they happen to limit their consequences. A first effort has been devoted to understand the role given to this theme within legislations: it has been found out that often it’s not even taken into account. Exceptionally a few countries adopt guidelines suggesting how to plan the response, who is appointed to intervene and which actions should be taken first. An investigation has been made to define the tools available for the responders, with attention on the availability of chemical-specific safety distances. It has emerged that the ERG book adopted by some American countries has suggestions and the Belgian legislation too establishes criteria to evaluate these distances. An analysis has been conducted then on the most recent accidents occurred worldwide, to understand how the response was performed and which safety distances were adopted. These values were compared with the numbers reported by the ERG book and the results of two devoted software tools for consequence analysis of accidental spills scenarios. This comparison has shown that there are differences between them and that a more standardized approach is necessary. This is why further developments of the topic should focus on promoting uniform procedures for emergency response planning and on a worldwide adoption of a guidebook with suggestions about actions to reduce consequences and about safety distances, determined following finer researches. For this aim, the development of a detailed database of hazardous materials transportation accidents could be useful.
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Kim, Sigon. "Development of risk assessment decision support system for hazardous materials movement." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112012/.

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Madala, Bhanu Prakash Rao. "A simulation study for hazardous materials transportation risk assessment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47837.pdf.

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Cleary, Vincent Martin. "Source term models for superheated releases of hazardous materials." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54737/.

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Source terms models for superheated releases of hazardous liquefied chemicals such as LPG have been developed, governing both upstream and downstream conditions. Water was utilised as the model fluid, not least for reasons of safety, but also for its ability to be stored at conditions that ensure it is superheated on release to atmosphere. Several studies have found that at low superheat jet break-up is analogous to mechanical break-up under sub-cooled conditions. Hence, a non-dimensionalised SMD correlation for sub-cooled liquid jets in the atomisation regime has been developed, based on data measured using a Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) system, for a broad range of initial conditions. Droplet SMD has been found to correlate with the nozzle aspect ratio and two non-dimensionalised groups i.e. the liquid Reynolds number and Weber number. An adaptation of the Rossm-Rammler distribution has been proposed for jets undergoing mechanical break-up. Through a high-speed photographic study (1000fps), three distinctive break-up regimes of superheated jets have been identified. Mechanical break-up has been confirmed to dominate jet disintegration at low superheat. Criteria for transition between regimes have been established based on the liquid Jakob number and Weber number. Using a PDA system, droplet SMD data has been produced for fully flashing jets at two sets of initial conditions and three axial downstream locations, with radial measurements performed at each position. Droplet SMD has been found to increase with nozzle diameter. An adaptation of the Rossm-Rammler distribution has been proposed for fully flashing jets. The proposed correlation for sub-cooled break-up, the PDA data for superheated releases and the established transition criteria have been compiled to produce a complete SMD model governing transition from mechanical break-up to full flashing. The model has been validated against three previous studies of flashing jets. An additional high speed photographic study (up to 50,000fps) of the upstream flow structure of superheated jets has been performed using Perspex nozzles. The downstream break-up regime has been found to depend on both the upstream bubble growth rate and concentration.
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Books on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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United States. Ocean Assessments Division. Hazardous Materials Response Branch. Hazardous materials response operations. [Seattle, Wash.]: Hazardous Materials Response Branch, Ocean Assessments Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1985.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Province of Ontario contingency plan for spills of oil and other hazardous materials. [Toronto]: Ministry of the Environment, 1986.

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Province of Ontario contingency plan for spills of oil and other hazardous materials: Excerpt. [Toronto]: Ministry of the Environment, 1986.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. How to find out about sites with reported releases of oil or hazardous material. Boston, Mass: The Dept., 1994.

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Materials, Massachusetts General Court Special Legislative Commission on Liability for Releases of Oil and Hazardous. Third interim report of the Special Legislative Commission on Liability for Releases of Oil and Hazardous Materials. [Boston, Mass.]: The Commission, 1985.

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Koops, Wierd. The use of booms and nets for responding to hazardous material spills in the aquatic environment. The Hague, the Netherlands: SDU Publishers, 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Regulation of above-ground oil and waste containers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, January 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Transportation Tourism and Hazardous Materials. Regulation of above-ground oil and waste containers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, January 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Transportation Tourism and Hazardous Materials. Regulation of above-ground oil and waste containers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, January 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials. Regulation of above-ground oil and waste containers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, January 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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Allegri, Theodore H. "Oil Spills." In Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, 308–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1959-7_15.

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Yates, W. David. "Hazardous Materials Management." In Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, 567–86. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429293054-25.

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Erkut, Erhan, and Vedat Verter. "Hazardous Materials Logistics." In Facility Location, 467–506. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5355-6_21.

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Pal, Shweta Kailash, M. Saravanan, S. Subhashini, and Kantha Deivi Arunachalam. "Hazardous Waste Management." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_200-1.

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Kernchen, Roman, and Klaus Ruhlig. "Defence against hazardous materials." In Technology Guide, 510–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88546-7_96.

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Hauptmanns, Ulrich. "Hazardous Properties of Materials." In Process and Plant Safety, 9–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61484-6_2.

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Hauptmanns, Ulrich. "Hazardous Properties of Materials." In Process and Plant Safety, 11–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40954-7_2.

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Allegri, Theodore H. "Hazardous Materials in Transit." In Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, 18–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1959-7_5.

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Gao, Xifeng, Enhao Wang, and Wanhai Xu. "Inventory of Hazardous Materials." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6963-5_163-1.

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Beroggi, Giampiero E. G., and William A. Wallace. "Routing of Hazardous Materials." In Operational Risk Management, 100–123. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5747-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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Al-Safwani, M. A., and Ahmet Ayalp. "Implementation Of Hazardous Materials Communication (Hazcom) Program In A Petroleum Company Facilities." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/73907-ms.

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Krasznai, John P. "Radioactive Oil Decontamination Development: An Overview." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16251.

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Insulating, hydraulic and vacuum pump oils are used extensively in CANDU plants. It is inevitable that at some point in the equipment life cycle that these oils will become waste products and their disposal needs to be properly managed. The presence of radioactivity and conventional contamination in the oils (mixed waste) pose special challenges to the waste manager. This paper provides an overview of waste oil streams that have been problematic in the CANDU nuclear industry and the decontamination processes that were developed for each to effectively remove a variety of radioactive species including tritium as well as conventional hazardous materials such as PCB, lead and cadmium.
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Girgin, Serkan, and Elisabeth Krausmann. "Onshore Natural Gas and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Natechs in the USA: Analysis of PHMSA Incident Reports." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33366.

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Natural hazards can be initiating events for accidents in oil and gas pipelines. Severe past incidents bear testimony to the risk associated with pipeline accidents triggered by natural hazards (natechs). Post-incident analysis is a valuable tool for better understanding the causes, dynamics and impacts of such accidents. To identify the main triggers of onshore transmission pipeline natechs in the USA, natural gas and hazardous liquid incident reports collected by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration were analyzed. Potential natech incidents were identified by automated data-mining followed by expert review. The analysis covered ∼21,000 incidents, about 6% of which were identified as natechs. Geological hazards triggered 50% of the identified natechs, followed by meteorological (25%), climatic (11%), and hydrological (11%) hazards. Landslides are the main geological hazard with 43% of the incidents within the category. Among meteorological hazards, lightning is the major hazard with 36%. 84% of the hydrological hazard related natechs were found to be due to floods. Cold-related hazards make up 93% of the natechs caused by adverse climatic conditions. Some preliminary qualitative results on consequences are provided as well.
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Gonzalez, Francisco, Anand Prabhakaran, Graydon F. Booth, Florentina M. Gantoi, and Anand R. Vithani. "Mitigating Strategies for Hazardous Material Trains: Evaluating the Risk Reduction." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5752.

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There is a significant increase in the transportation by rail of hazardous materials such as crude oil and ethanol in the North American market. Several derailment incidents associated with such transport have led to a renewed focus on improving the performance of tank cars against the potential for puncture under derailment conditions. Proposed strategies for improving puncture resistance have included design changes to tank cars, as well as, operational considerations such as reduced speeds. Given the chaotic nature of derailment events, it has been difficult to quantify globally, the overall ‘real-world’ safety improvement resulting from any given proposed change. A novel and objective methodology for quantifying and characterizing reductions in risk that result from changes to tank car designs or the tank car operating environment is outlined in this paper. The proposed methodology captures several parameters that are relevant to tank car derailment performance, including multiple derailment scenarios, derailment dynamics, impact load distributions, impactor sizes, operating conditions, tank car designs, etc., and combines them into a consistent probabilistic framework to estimate the relative merit of proposed mitigation strategies.
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Wickramasinghe, K. C., Hiroyuki Sasahara, and Usui Masatoshi. "Performance Evaluation of White Coconut Oil Based Metal Working Fluid (MWF) Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) for Machining of Inconel 718 and AISI 304." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8535.

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Abstract Machining is one of the most prominent manufacturing methods in automobile, aerospace and marine industries. The materials which are frequently consumed in such industries are hard to machine through conventional techniques. Therefore, it requires sophisticated process approaches and better cooling and lubrication environment. Hence, industries trend to use petroleum oil based MWFs because of the better cooling and lubrication properties. However, petroleum oil based MWFs express adverse health and environment effect throughout their lifecycle. Authors have formulated a white coconut oil based MWF as an alternative to the hazardous petroleum oil based MWF. The performance of the novel white coconut oil based MWF was evaluated via MQL approach for Inconel 718 and AISI 304. Machining experiments were conducted to investigate work tool interface temperature, cutting forces and compared them with commercially available MWF. Favorable results for the work tool interface temperature and cutting forces were obtained for the newly formulated MWF compared to the industrial available petroleum oil based MWF. Hence, the industrial applicability of the formulated MWF was confirmed for the selected cutting specifications for both work materials.
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Liu, Shengli, Yongtu Liang, Xiao Wang, and Dong Han. "Statistical Analyses of Incidents on Onshore Hazardous Liquid Pipelines Based on PHMSA Database." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78528.

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To improve the safety of a pipeline system, engineers use different methods to diagnose the hazardous pipeline accidents. However, most methods ignore the time dependence of pipeline failures. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel approach to analyzing the hazardous liquid pipeline incidents’ temporal structure. The database of hazardous liquid spillages from the US between 2002 and 2018 is collected by the Pipeline Hazardous Material Safety Administration of the US Department of Transportation. The result suggests that the whole oil pipeline incident sequence cannot be modeled as a Poisson (random and independent) process, which means that a hazardous liquid pipeline incident is not statistically independent from the time elapsed since the previous event. But the serious pipeline failures are random and unpredictable. The analysis also indicates that the equipment failure, corrosion, material failure and incorrect operation are the four leading failure causes, responsible for most of the total incidents. The study provides insights into the current state of hazard liquid pipelines in the US and baseline failure statistics for the quantitative risk assessments of such pipelines.
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Ariaratnam, Samuel T., and Muthu Chandrasekaran. "Pipeline Integrity Evaluation of Oil Pipelines Using Free-Swimming Acoustic Technology." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31489.

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Significant financial and environmental consequences often result from line leakage of oil product pipelines. Product can escape into the surrounding soil as even the smallest leak can lead to rupture of the pipeline. From a health perspective, water supplies may be tainted by oil migrating into aquifers. A joint academic-industry research initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has lead to the development and refinement of a free-swimming tool called SmartBall®, which is capable of detecting leaks as small as 0.03 gpm in oil product pipelines. The tool swims through the pipeline being assessed and produces results at significantly reduced cost to the end user compared to current leak detection methods. GPS synchronized GIS-based above ground loggers capture low frequency acoustic signatures and digitally log the passage of the tool through a pipeline. This paper presents the development, laboratory and field validation testing of the SmartBall for oil pipeline integrity.
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Huang, Jianshe, Wujun Hu, Ying Huang, Lina Chen, and Zhimin Jin. "A New Material Used in Adsorption of Hazardous Chemical Oil Spill and the Risk Analysis of the Related Contingency Plan." In 8th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-18.2018.66.

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Stearns, Steven V., Trevis J. Gigliotti, and Darryl G. Murdock. "Airborne DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) for Broad Area Hazardous Liquid Leak Detection." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10460.

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Over the summer of 2005 ITT Space Systems Division successfully detected, measured, and imaged a range of different hazardous liquids from an airborne platform during a series of field tests in Texas and New York. Under contract from the United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT/PHMSA), ITT examined the ability of its Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) Service’s system to detect, measure, and image a wide range of different hydrocarbons from a remote sensing airborne platform. The objectives of the DOT/PHMSA contract were to: 1) develop an understanding of hazardous liquid pipeline leaks, 2) demonstrate that ITT’s DIAL (differential absorption lidar) technology can detect and measure hazardous liquid emissions over a broad area and in real world conditions, and 3) use this information to design a “next generation” airborne sensor system optimized for the detection of both natural gas and hazardous liquid emissions. Hazardous liquids examined in this study included propane, gas condensates, crude oil, and refined hydrocarbons like gasoline, aviation gas, diesel fuel, Jet A, and kerosene. As part of this study, ITT, in cooperation with El Paso Production and Texas A&M–Corpus Christi, completed two separate sets of overflights of a hazardous liquid storage facility. During each set of overflights, data was collected with the storage facility’s vapor recovery unit (VRU) operating and again after the VRU was turned off. In addition, hatches on each of the tanks were opened to create further emission sources. Additional aerial collections of gasoline vapors, propane, and natural gas were also completed. Data from each of the overflights was processed and the results analyzed. The ITT ANGEL Service technology was shown to be capable of rapidly detecting, measuring, and imaging a wide range of different hydrocarbons while flying at an altitude of 1,000 feet and speeds of up to 150 mph. An overview of the results from these flight tests and a discussion of the DOT/PHMSA Hazardous-Liquid Airborne Lidar Observation Study findings will be discussed.
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Felli, Ferdinando, Antonio Paolozzi, Cristian Vendittozzi, Claudio Paris, Hiroshi Asanuma, Gerardo De Canio, Marialuisa Mongelli, and Alessandro Colucci. "Structural Health Monitoring of Pipelines for Environment Pollution Mitigation." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8922.

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Oil and gas infrastructures may be exposed to landslides, earthquakes, corrosion and fatigue, and to damage from thefts or vandalism, leading to leakage and failure with serious economic and ecologic consequences. For this reason, an increasing interest in applied research on monitoring and protecting pipelines (for fuel, oil and natural gas transportation) arises. Aimed at the mitigation of catastrophic effects of human and natural damage, the present paper proposes a smart real-time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system capable to control structural integrity continuously, focusing on the issue of spillage for thefts of fuels which are not detectable, in real-time, by the existing monitoring systems. The system consists of a smart-pipeline containing a health monitoring integrated measurement chain, i.e. an enhanced Fiber Bragg Gratings-based fiber optics neural network on the pipes, for displacement and acceleration monitoring (gathering many other different measurements such as: ground motion, permanent ground displacement, pipeline temperature, pipeline deformation, leakage, etc.). Specifically, the ability to measure these characteristics at hundreds of points along a single fiber and the great accuracy of each point of measure, are particularly interesting for the monitoring of structures such as pipelines in order to detect hazardous and unauthorized intrusion and damage.
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Reports on the topic "Oil and Hazardous Materials"

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INSIGHT INDUSTRIES INC PLATTEVILLE WI. Hazardous Materials Tracking System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada451637.

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Rinke, Helen Mae. Hazardous Materials Packaging and Transportation (HMPT) for Managers: Identification and Shipment of Hazardous Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1423966.

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Brynildson, Mark. Hazardous Materials Management Program Report- 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1143404.

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Barkenbus, B., R. Carter, J. Dobson, C. Easterly, P. Ogle, and A. VanCleave. Environmental protection for hazardous materials incidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7145104.

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McCarthy, T. L. Hanford Site radioactive hazardous materials packaging directory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/204676.

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Kirsteins, Andrea, and Cleveland A. Heath. Survey of Hazardous Chemical Protective Suit Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237278.

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Sullivan, Michael, Ronald Patun, and Garry O. Kosteck. Use of Sorbent Materials for Treating Hazardous Waste. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607439.

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Schell, Donna, Stephen Cosper, Susan Drozdz, Thomas Napier, and Dominique Gilbert. Removing hazardous materials from buildings : a training curriculum. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22176.

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LaJeunesse, C. A., B. L. Haroldsen, S. F. Rice, and B. G. Brown. Hydrothermal oxidation of Navy shipboard excess hazardous materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/475652.

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Bryant, E. A., and J. Fabryka-Martin. Survey of hazardous materials used in nuclear testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6232469.

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