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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil cleanliness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Sasaki, A. "Contaminants in Used Oils and Their Problems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 220, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x33955.

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Contaminants in hydraulic and lubricating oils are harmful to lubrication. Therefore, contamination control of hydraulic and lubricating oils has been implemented in many factories and oil cleanliness standards of hydraulic and lubricating oils have been established as criteria for oil contamination control. There are two types of oil cleanliness standards: one is based on particle count and the other on gravimetric analysis. NAS 1638, ISO 4406, SAE AS4059, and JISB9930 belong to the former and ASTM D4898 and JISB9931 to the latter. The par tide count defines oil cleanliness by counting the number of particulate contaminants in the certain size ranges, and the gravimetric analysis shows the weight of contaminants remaining, on a membrane filter disc after a certain quantity of oil was filtered under vacuum, the oil was washed out, and the membrane filter disc was completely dried. Recently, there is a ten dency that particle count dominates the technology to judge oil cleanliness. Of course, it is important to quantify the number of particulate contaminants in oils. However, all particles are not contaminants, as particles like graphite and MoS2, which are countable by particle count, are good additives for lubricants. Therefore, it is very important for us not only to judge oil cleanliness by the particle count but also to know without prejudice what they are. This article discusses some methods to separate contaminants, what contaminants are, and how much they are.
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Osintcev, K. V., N. A. Pshenisnov, and A. I. Pshenisnov. "PROCESSES OF POLLUTION AND CLEANING OF TURBINE OIL IN LUBRICATION SYSTEMS OF STEAM TURBINES." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 22, no. 3 (2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power220309.

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The dependence of the parameters (cleanliness, contamination and purification) of the working fluid of the bearing lubrica-tion system and steam turbine control is obtained. Filters are intended to purify by removing solid contaminants that are harmful to the oil and the machine. If the filter is doing a good job, it is removing contaminants as fast as they are entering (ingression). This is known as mass balance. The number of particles coming into the oil system (particle ingression) equals the number being caught by the filter (particle removal); this achieves a stabilized and controlled oil cleanliness lev-el. The effect of air dispersed in oil on the operation of frame filters in steam turbine lubrication systems was analyzed. It has been established that when filtering aerated oil, soft particles (gas bubbles) increase the screening ratio of solid con-taminants by more than 4 times. Calculations show that air dispersed in oil increases the purity of the filtrate in the system by 21 times.
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3

Sander, John, Steve Mauritz, Terry Smith, Jeff Turner, Spencer Courtney, David G. Holt, David K. Wills, and S. W. Dean. "The Effects of Lubricant Ingredients on New Hydraulic Oil Cleanliness." Journal of ASTM International 6, no. 1 (2009): 101622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101622.

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4

Lantz, Sean, Jack Zakarian, Scott Deskin, and Ashlie Martini. "Filtration Effects on Foam Inhibitors and Optically Detected Oil Cleanliness." Tribology Transactions 60, no. 6 (January 20, 2017): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2017.1285089.

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5

Kudlacek, Jan, and Petr Chabera. "Advanced Technologies for Determination of Surface Cleanliness." Technological Engineering 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/teen-2014-0003.

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Abstract For high utility value of products is significant quality of surface treatment. Among the processes that most affect the quality of surface treatment are mainly surface pretreatment processes, namely processes of cleaning (degreasing). This article is devoted to quality control after surface pre-treatment. It mainly deals with the modern method for detecting surface contamination grease based on fluorescence methods. Impurities such as grease, oil and other have characteristic fluorescence after illumination by UV source. This principle can be used to determine the purity of the substrate surface, thereby ensuring the quality of the surface. Surface cleanliness is very important factor for the correct application of subsequent technological processes.
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Hao, Jing, Guotian Li, and Shan Wang. "Research on improving cleanliness level based on the process of extraction and analysis of impurity particles of automobile engine." E3S Web of Conferences 360 (2022): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236001010.

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Based on the case of the oil-gas separator for engine parts, this article has found the key steps to improve the cleanliness level by extracting and analyzing the impurity particles on its surface, and has reached the limit requirements in the enterprise standard. The whole detection process is divided into two parts: particle extraction and analysis. The impurity particles on the surface of the sample are extracted and collected by pressure washing, and the weight and size of the impurity particles are analyzed using a high-precision balance and a microscope. The test results show that the weight of the impurity particles on the surface of the oil and gas separator is 1.68 mg, and the maximum particle size is 887.31μm, which does not meet the product standard requirements. Through the analysis of the actual situation of the case to find the reasons and formulate measures, the final weight of the impurity particles on the surface of the improved sample is 1.22mg, and the maximum particle size is 481.40μm, which effectively improves the cleanliness level of the oil and gas separator.
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7

Dusa, Petru, Eugen Purice, Radu Lupascu, Iustina Ripanu, and Gabriel Fandarac. "Configuring a system for hydraulic oil contamination management." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817804008.

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Through contamination, we can understand anything foreign to a hydraulic system. In this paper we only refer to particle contamination. Analyzing and optimizing processes with regard to component cleanliness and fluid purity is the target of contamination management. The paper proposes a conceptual installation solution for the use of particle counters in order to optimize the measurement process. There is also a way of using the facility within a contamination management system.
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8

Kartika, Siska Ayu, Muhammad Dani, and Ardi Suherman. "Pemberdayaan Warga Kelurahan Klandasan Ilir, Balikpapan, dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Minyak Jelantah." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v5i2.5271.

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Environmental management, especially in this case regarding cleanliness and waste management issues must be a common concern. Community participation must be involved to increase a sense of concern for a clean and healthy environment. This Community Service Activity (PKM) was carried out in Klandasan Ilir, Balikpapan due to several problems related to the lack of awareness and understanding of the community in issues of environmental management, and how to manage household used cooking oil. The method of activities carried out is by identifying the existing problems, generate planning activity programs according to the residents' needs and time, as well as implementing and evaluating the activities carried out. As a result, the residents of Klandasan Ilir have a new understanding of the importance of environmental management and managing used cooking oil that is good for the environment and health, as well as increasing awareness of the importance of cleanliness and preservation of the surrounding environment.
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9

KON, Tomohiko, Tomomi HONDA, Yumiko NAKAMURA, and Chikako TAKATOH. "Oil degradation diagnosis based on ISO cleanliness code and the membrane patch color." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 83, no. 856 (2017): 17–00285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.17-00285.

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10

Bai, Zhen Hua, Hong Xin Si, Qing Tian Zhou, Xiu Jun Li, Shou Min Wu, and Xiao Dong Shi. "Development for the Comprehensive Optimization Technology of Process Lubrication Regime in Double Cold Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 279 (July 2011): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.279.296.

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The setting goals of process lubrication were not all-inclusive in the previous manufacturer of double cold reduction. Strip shape, surface quality, the fuel consumption of unit and rolling stability could not be considered comprehensively. Aimed at the equipment and production craft characters of double cold reduction unit, at the basis of putting forward the comprehensive control index of a strip-shaped fuel consumption cleanliness for the first time, ensuring the shape quality of strip, lowering the oil residue on strip surface, improving the cleanliness of strip surface and reducing fuel consumption were defined as control targets; besides, the control of slip and heat-scratches were defined as constraints. A complete comprehensive optimization technology of process lubrication regime was established and has been applied to a 1220 double cold reduction unit belonging to Baosteel in China. Rolling speed, surface quality and strip shape quality are improved effectively, and oil consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the productivity and rolling yield of unit are ensured. This technology has created economic benefits for domestic steel makers and has further extended application value.
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11

Klima, Tomas, and Wojciech Majka. "How to commission the turbine oil system that was over years out of operation? Can heavily corroded and deposited turbine oil systems be restored." Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 69, eOnly Sonderausgabe (November 18, 2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2022-0030.

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Preparation of rotating machinery oil system plays very important role in commissioning process and defines if commissioning process of the turbine brings some troubles. Moreover, future maintenance and operation is very much affected if oil system cleanliness is underestimated and machine commissioned without following complex cleaning procedure. Only standard displacement flush is not effective when system is corroded, where Varnish is agglomerated, pipe assembly done on site with lack of proper care. However, high machine availability and zero breakdowns is nowadays the main goal in every industry sectors! How to restore heavily corroded and Varnished turbine oil system after 10 years out of operation will be presented in this presentation.
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12

Mardiana, Siska, Rahmi Mulyasih, Rama Tamara, and Ahmad Sururi. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Rumah Tangga Minyak Jelantah Dengan Ekstrak Jeruk Dalam Perspektif Komunikasi Lingkungan Di Kelurahan Kaligandu." Jurnal SOLMA 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29405/solma.v9i1.4800.

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Kaligandu Village is one of the villages located in the District of Serang, Serang City. The use of waste cooking oil household waste repeatedly by the community and the environment, especially those who have culinary businesses, encourage innovation in the utilization of waste cooking oil household waste with orange extract in the perspective of environmental communication. This Community Service activity includes 4 (four) stages, namely material, energy, information and evaluation. The results of these community service activities can have an impact as expected. The entire PkM program is running 100%, there is a public understanding of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and an increase in community understanding about the use of waste cooking oil household waste with citrus extracts that have economic value.
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13

Hariono, Tholib, Munawaroh Munawaroh, Nurul Yaqin, Nurul Hidayah, Aufia Aisa, and Siti Sulaikho. "Mengurangi Limbah Minyak Tanah melalui Pembuatan Sabun Cuci dari Jelantah." Jumat Ekonomi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/abdimas_ekon.v3i2.2472.

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The purpose of this community service is to reduce household waste from used cooking oil. The approach method for implementing PPTTG includes the Community Development method by means of socialization and demonstration. The method of socialization is carried out by socializing the dangers of using cooking oil repeatedly and the dangers of indiscriminately disposing of used cooking oil waste. The demonstration method is carried out through demonstration of the steps and what must be considered in the use of used cooking oil waste as laundry soap. Through this socialization activity, it is expected to be able to solve the problems faced by Banjarsari village women. Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, the provision of information and demonstrations on the use of household waste is able to increase awareness about the importance of processing waste for health and environmental cleanliness.
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14

AZUMA, Tadanori, and Masataka HASHIMOTO. "Basic Principle of Permanently Perfect Cleanliness, Semi-permanent Use and No Waste of Lube Oil." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 42, no. 4 (2007): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.42.4_616.

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15

Shi, Haotian, Dian Huo, Hongpeng Zhang, Wei Li, Yuqing Sun, Guobin Li, and Haiquan Chen. "An Impedance Sensor for Distinguishing Multi-Contaminants in Hydraulic Oil of Offshore Machinery." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111407.

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The cleanliness of hydraulic oil can reflect the service life of the oil and the wear state of hydraulic machinery. An impedance sensor is proposed to distinguish multi-contaminants in hydraulic oil. The impedance sensor has two detection modes: the inductance-resistance mode is used to detect metal debris, and the capacitance mode is used to distinguish water droplets and air bubbles. By adding a built-in silicon steel strip and an external silicon steel strip with high magnetic permeability, the distribution area, strength, and uniformity of the magnetic field are enhanced to improve the detection sensitivity under inductance and resistance parameters. In addition, the silicon steel strips are used as electrode plates to introduce capacitance parameter detection. The experimental results show that the resistance detection method based on coil successfully improves the detection ability for non-ferromagnetic metal debris. The impedance sensor for distinguishing multi-contaminants in hydraulic oil can provide technical support for fault diagnosis of offshore hydraulic machinery.
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16

Michel, Jacqueline, and Bradford Benggio. "Guidelines for Selecting Appropriate Cleanup Endpoints at Oil Spills." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-591.

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ABSTRACT Target cleanup endpoints need to be established early in a response so that cleanup methods can be designed to meet the spill-specific requirements. Endpoints are selected based on cleanup objectives, which are to: (1) minimize exposure hazards for human health; (2) speed recovery of impacted areas; and (3) reduce the threat of additional or prolonged natural resource impacts. The selection of the best cleanup strategy, therefore, is often not the one that removes most of the oil, but only the oil that poses a greater risk than the cleanup action, or leaving the oil to be removed by natural processes. To provide guidance to cleanup decision makers, the authors have proposed a hierarchy of cleanup endpoints that consider this concept. The hierarchy consists of five degrees of cleanliness, and guidelines for when to select the appropriate cleanup endpoint. In addition, guidelines and considerations for application of cleanup endpoints are provided for each shoreline type.
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17

Pivovarova, Nadezhda Anatolievna, Ekaterina Sergeevna Akishina, Marina Vyacheslavovna Ryzhova, and Galina Vladimirovna Vlasova. "Ultrasonic intensification of hydrogen sulphide removal from fuel oil." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2020, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2020-2-27-32.

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The article considers the problem of environmental pollution caused by the presence of hydrogen sulfide in fuel oil. Hydrogen sulfide has a negative impact on the human health: a slight degree of poisoning develops within 3-4 hours already at a 100 mg/m3 concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air. The regulatory documents limit the hydrogen sulfide content in fuel oil. The search for new available methods of cleaning fuel oil from hydrogen sulfide is relevant today. There has been considered one of the alternative methods of hydrogen sulfide removal from fuel oil, namely, ultrasonic treatment. The method allows changing the dispersed composition of fuel oil and intensifying the extraction of the gas phase of hydrogen sulfide. The advantages of ultrasonic treatment include the absence of injected reagents and environmental cleanliness, small size, low energy costs and the possibility of using ultrasound unit at existing refineries due to its compactness. The influence of the ultrasonic unit capacity and flow rate on hydrogen sulfide removal from fuel oil and change of its dispersion composition has been studied. There have been presented the optimal conditions for ultrasonic treatment and described the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide removal by using ultrasonic treatment
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18

Fadhli, Khotim, Mar’atul Fahimah, Bekti Widyaningsih, Eka Novita Sari, and Arjuna Adi Pratama. "Edukasi Peningkatan Nilai Ekonomi Limbah Minyak Goreng Bekas Pakai Melalui Pembuatan Lilin Aromateraphy." Jumat Ekonomi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/abdimas_ekon.v2i3.2246.

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This community service aims to educate partners to increase the economic value of used cooking oil waste into aromatherapy candles so that it leads to a productive economy. Assistance to people who have used a lot of cooking oil in their cooking process plays a strong role in building human resources and quality Indonesian products towards Advanced Indonesia. The priority of partner issues is that there are no products that are produced and become selling points that can lift the partner's economy, due to the lack of knowledge about making aromatherapy candles, especially those that use waste materials. The implementation method in this service is Community Based Research, which is a design that takes place in a community environment and involves community members in the design and implementation of research projects, shows respect for the successful contributions made by community partners, and respects the "no harm" principle for the communities involved. . So that this activity makes: first, improving skills in making products made from used cooking oil waste which becomes aromatherphy candles. Second, increasing awareness of maintaining environmental cleanliness and health and the dangers of disposing of used cooking oil waste carelessly. Third, improving the household economy by selling aromatherapy candles made from used cooking oil waste. Keywords: Education; Waste Cooking Oil, Aromatherapy Candle
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19

Tarigan, Palas. "FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER Gel Peel Off EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium Guajava L.) SEBAGAI PEMBERSIH WAJAH." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v4i2.862.

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Guava plants contain psiditanin “eugenol” essential oil, tannis, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids. Compounds that have very good strength come from the class of flavanoids, vitamin C which can be usedas a facial cleanser. This study aims to determine the preparation of peel gel mask of guava leaf extract is effective as a facial cleanser and to find out the peel off gel mask of guava leaf extract can irritate the skin of volunteers. The made with 4 formulation with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%. The testing of the peel off gel mask formulation ethanol extract on cleanliness was carried out with the analysis of the ms. Excel bar diagram. The results showed that (psidium guajava L) contain flavonoid, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The results of the characteristics of the simplicia powder were 5,42% water content 9,56% total ash content 0,34% acid insoluble ash, ethanol soluble extract 64,295. The results of the peel off gel mask formulation test with a cleanliness test on the panelists facial skin concentration of 15% included in the category can clean the panelist’s facial skin.Guava leaf ethanol extract has a facial cleansing activitywith a score of 3
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20

Majdan, R., Z. Tkáč, J. Kosiba, R. Abrahám, J. Jablonický, Ľ. Hujo, and M. Mojžiš. "Evaluation of tractor biodegradable hydraulic fluids on the basis of hydraulic pump wear." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 3 (September 18, 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2012-rae.

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Two types of biodegradable hydraulic fluids (HEES and HEPR) with the mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid (HV) were compared. The tests were performed using a test bench. During the tests with a tractor hydraulic pump, the fluids were loaded by a cyclic pressure load. The tests of fluids were evaluated on the basis of wear of the pump. Evaluation parameters were the flow characteristics of the pump and the cleanliness level of tested fluids. The temperature of the fluid under which the test was performed was measured in real operating conditions of the Zetor Forterra 11441 tractor. It is possible to state upon the test results that the mineral oil-based fluid was classified in the first place, the biodegradable fluid of the HEPR type in the second place, and the biodegradable fluid of the HEES type received the last position.  
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21

Deding, Ulrik, Sofie Sajan Jensen, Benedicte Schelde-Olesen, Lasse Kaalby, Thomas Bjørsum-Meyer, and Anastasios Koulaouzidis. "Castor Oil in Bowel Preparation Regimens for Colon Capsule Endoscopy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112795.

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Completing colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) investigations rely on successful transit and acceptable bowel preparation quality. We investigated the effect of adding castor oil to the CCE bowel preparation regimen on the completion rate using a meta-analysis of existing literature. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Included studies underwent quality assessment, and data for meta-analysis were extracted. Pooled estimates for excretion rate and acceptable bowel preparation rate were calculated. We identified 72 studies matching our search criteria, and six were included in the meta-analysis. Three of the studies had control groups, although two used historical cohorts. The pooled excretion rate (92%) was significantly higher in patients who received castor oil than in those who did not (73%). No significant difference in acceptable colonic cleanliness was observed. Castor oil has been used in a few studies as a booster for CCE. This meta-analysis shows the potential for this medication to improve excretion rates, and castor oil could be actively considered in conjunction with other emerging laxative regimens in CCE. Still, prospective randomized trials with appropriate control groups should be conducted before any conclusions can be drawn. Prospero ID: CRD42022338939.
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22

Palananda, Attapon, and Warangkhana Kimpan. "Classification of Adulterated Particle Images in Coconut Oil Using Deep Learning Approaches." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020656.

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In the production of coconut oil for consumption, cleanliness and safety are the first priorities for meeting the standard in Thailand. The presence of color, sediment, or impurities is an important element that affects consumers’ or buyers’ decision to buy coconut oil. Coconut oil contains impurities that are revealed during the process of compressing the coconut pulp to extract the oil. Therefore, the oil must be filtered by centrifugation and passed through a fine filter. When the oil filtration process is finished, staff inspect the turbidity of coconut oil by examining the color with the naked eye and should detect only the color of the coconut oil. However, this method cannot detect small impurities, suspended particles that take time to settle and become sediment. Studies have shown that the turbidity of coconut oil can be measured by passing light through the oil and applying image processing techniques. This method makes it possible to detect impurities using a microscopic camera that photographs the coconut oil. This study proposes a method for detecting impurities that cause the turbidity in coconut oil using a deep learning approach called a convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve the problem of impurity identification and image analysis. In the experiments, this paper used two coconut oil impurity datasets, PiCO_V1 and PiCO_V2, containing 1000 and 6861 images, respectively. A total of 10 CNN architectures were tested on these two datasets to determine the accuracy of the best architecture. The experimental results indicated that the MobileNetV2 architecture had the best performance, with the highest training accuracy rate, 94.05%, and testing accuracy rate, 80.20%.
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23

Song, Jian Tong, Jv Biao Yao, and Chun Hong Zhu. "Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean-Oil-Methyl-Ester-Diesel Blends and their Fuel Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.129.

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Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source because of its many benefits. In order to optimize the application of biodiesel the low-temperature fluidity, pulverization, evaporation, invariability, erosion capability, cleanliness and mutual solubility of the low blending rate soybean-oil-methyl-ester biodiesel-diesel blends were compared and analyzed. Then the engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of emissions such as CO, smoke density, HC and NOx to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on the low blending rate biodiesel-diesel blends. The experimental results show that the low blending rate biodiesel -diesel blends conform to the standard GB252-2000 of China. Compared with the original diesel engine, the smoke, HC and CO emissions of diesel engine fueled with low blending rate soybean-oil-methyl-ester decrease, but NOx emissions increase.
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24

Sumarmi, Sumarmi, Heni Masruroh, Arik Anggara, and Saiful Amin. "SAPU BUMI SEGORO (SABURO) GERAKAN PEDULI SAMPAH MENUJU LAUT BERSIH BERKELANJUTAN DI DUSUN SENDANG BIRU KABUPATEN MALANG." Dinamika Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 1, no. 3 (July 3, 2022): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/dsjpips.v1i3.2127.

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Public awareness and environmental concern are two issues that frequently showed up related to waste management. This study aimed to determine the awareness of Dusun Sendang Biru community in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness and creativity in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness sustainably. The research design used a descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected through observation, in depth interviews, documentation, and Forum Group Discussions (FGDs). The result revealed that before 2016, the community awareness in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness was still low but got better Sendang Biru Bhakti Alam Foundation (a local foundation) managed an ecotourism area in Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) Tiga Warna, Malang, Indonesia, in 2019, the port area of Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru also has a conservation program to raise awareness about the importance of waste management, and in early 2021, a movement called SABURO (Sapu Bumi Segoro) made to raise public awareness about the cleanliness in the coast, sea and land areas. The movement then continued by producing bricks made from plastic waste and used oil. This initiative has a significant impact on the environmental sustainability of coastal areas in Sendang Biru district. Abstrak Masalah yang sering muncul ketika membahas masalah sampah yaitu kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesadaran masyarakat Dusun Sendang Biru dalam menjaga kebersihan pantai dan laut dan kreativitas masyarakat untuk membuat laut bersih secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum tahun 2016 kesadaran masyarakat Dusun Sendang Biru dalam menjaga kebersihan pantai dan laut masih rendah, tetapi setelah itu semakin membaik dengan diprakarsai Yayasan Bhakti Alam Sendang Biru yang menge- lola Kawasan Ekowisata CMC Tiga Warna, mulai tahun 2019 Kawasan Pelabuhan Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru juga mempunyai program konservasi untuk membentuk kesadaran bersih dari sampah dan awal tahun 2021 muncul Gerakan SABURO (Sapu Bumi Segoro) kesadaran masyarakat tentang kebersihan sampah tidak hanya di pesisir dan laut, tetapi juga di kawasan daratan. Gerakan tersebut dilanjutkan dengan kreasi pembuatan batako dari bahan sampah plastik dan oli bekas. Gerakan ini sangat memberi dampak pada kebersihan lingkungan baik di perkampungan, pesisir dan laut yang ada di Dusun Sendang Biru.
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Majdan, R., J. Kosiba, J. Tulík, D. Kročková, and V. Šinský. "The comparison of biodegradable hydraulic fluid with mineral oil on the basis of selected parameters  ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S43—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2011-rae.

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The paper presents a comparison of two fluids quality. The first one was mineral oil type UTTO which is commonly used in the transmission and hydraulic systems of agricultural tractors. The second one tested was biodegradable hydraulic fluid type ERTTO which could replace the toxic mineral oil. Both fluids were tested under the same test conditions using a special test device. The selected parameters of the hydrostatic pump were evaluated. The tests were evaluated according to the parameters describing the technical state of the hydrostatic pump as follows: flow efficiency, decrease of flow efficiency and cleanliness level of the fluid tested. This additional measurement verifies the test results. On the basis of the results achieved, we can state that the biodegradable hydraulic fluid exerts no harmful influence on the technical state of the hydrostatic pump. Therefore, the biodegradable fluid tested can be applied to the agricultural tractor. Has been demonstrated that the selected parameters are suitable for the evaluation of hydraulic fluid during its working performance. Therefore, these parameters will be used in the next examination of the fluid under operational conditions of an agricultural tractor.
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Kučera, Marián, Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, and Michaela Hnilicová. "Applying of Automatic Laser Particle Counter as Technique to Morphology Assessment and Distribution of Wear Particles during Lifetime of Transmission Oils." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.417.

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Vast part of environment pollution is caused by the lubricants. Lubricants are mostly of mineral origin. They are toxic and not easily biodegradable. Transition to biodegradable oils involves several technical issues. During the operation of machines and equipment wear occurs due to formation of particles that pollute the lubricant fillings. Cleanliness of the oils in lubrication systems is an important prerequisite for maintaining the operating conditions of machines and equipment.The aim of this article is to evaluate distribution of wear particles of tested transmission oil samples via automatic laser particle counter and classifier LaserNet Fines-C which is highly accurate and a fully automated tribotechnical diagnostics device.
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FUJITA, Naotake, Takumi KIKUCHI, Tadafumi SATO, and Michio KITANO. "The Effect of Amount of Additive in Lubricant Oil on Piston Cleanliness in a Two-Stroke Cycle Engine." Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2002.37 (2002): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2002.37.148.

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Megawati, N. A. C. Imani, D. S. Fardhyanti, W. Astuti, and D. S. Hadikawuryan. "Preparation and characterization of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaves extract-based liquid hand soap." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012048.

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Abstract The need for hand soap is increasing along with the increase of public awareness to maintain cleanliness and health. Commercial hand soaps are made from various chemical mixtures which often give side effects in the form of allergies in people who have sensitive skin. The production of soap with natural ingredients can be a way to solve these problems. In this paper, we report an observational study of the effect of adding binahong leaf oil extract, which is known to have antiseptic properties and is often used as an itching remedy, on the characteristics of liquid hand soap. The research was carried out with the steps of preparation of binahong leaf, binahong leaf oil extract, and production of soap based-binahong leaf extract oil with various concentrations of mixing ingredients. The analysis carried out in this experiment were the analysis of physical and chemical properties as well as the effectiveness of the soap against bacteria after the use of the liquid hand soap. The addition of binahong leaf extract oil in the liquid hand soap can increase the antibacterial properties of the liquid hand soap and has the potential to be used as a soap that is safer for daily use.
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Kadapure, Santosh A., Poonam Kadapure, C. Anjali, Bhat Akansha, B. Sabera, Mangavi Sanket, and Anil Shet. "Extraction of Essential Oil Form Sweet Lime Orange Peel: A Comparison Study." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.468.

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This research work was designed to extract essential oil from sweet lime peel (solid waste). The feed material selected for study is sweet lime peel. The disposal of waste product such as peels often has a legal restriction problem and treatment process involved requires higher costs. Transformation of this waste in to useful products could cut global treatment costs. Hence the objective of our experimental work was to convert sweet lime peel in to essential oil which is in huge demand in food, pharma and cosmetic industry. In our experimental work eextraction of essential oil was evaluated and comparison study was made between steam distillation, hydro-distillation, solvent extraction and hydro-steam distillation. Maximum extraction yield of 2.4 % was achieved at 90 min of contact by hydro-distillation. Hydro-distillation method offers advantages in comparison with other three methods in terms of energy saving, cleanliness and reduced waste water. Chemical constituents of essential oil samples were evaluated in terms of qualitative and quantitative analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and physical techniques. The chemical profile includes thirty two components which were identified in the extracts by Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The dominant component identified was limonene (65 .2 to 72.8%).
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Xu, Rui, Haitao Ling, Haijun Wang, Lizhong Chang, and Shengtao Qiu. "Investigation on the control of multiphase flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish during ladle change." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020070.

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The transient multiphase flow behavior in a single-strand tundish during ladle change was studied using physical modeling. The water and silicon oil were employed to simulate the liquid steel and slag. The effect of the turbulence inhibitor on the slag entrainment and the steel exposure during ladle change were evaluated and discussed. The effect of the slag carry-over on the water-oil-air flow was also analyzed. For the original tundish, the top oil phase in the impact zone was continuously dragged into the tundish bath and opened during ladle change, forming an emulsification phenomenon. By decreasing the liquid velocities in the upper part of the impact zone, the turbulence inhibitor decreased considerably the amount of entrained slag and the steel exposure during ladle change, thereby eliminating the emulsification phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of the TI-2 effectively lowered the effect of the slag carry-over on the steel cleanliness by controlling the movement of slag droplets. The results from industrial trials indicated that the application of the TI-2 reduced considerably the number of linear inclusions caused by ladle change in hot-rolled strip coils.
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Zamorano, Marta, Deivis Avila, Graciliano Nicolás Marichal, and Cristina Castejon. "Data Preprocessing for Vibration Analysis: Application in Indirect Monitoring of ‘Ship Centrifuge Lube Oil Separation Systems’." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091199.

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Air quality can be affected by merchant ships, so it is important to regulate emissions that are produced, as well as to use energy efficiently. In this sense, the cleanliness of the oil used in lubrication is essential to achieve a better use of energy and reduce losses in marine engines. For that, it is vital to carry out good maintenance strategies. Therefore, it is important to develop techniques that allow condition monitoring during engine operation. In order to detect potential problems as soon as possible, it is common to analyze vibratory signals, since sustainable changes in the rotating frequency and its harmonics can be detected, which was the objective of this work, by analyzing the time-frequency domain using wavelet packet transform. A methodology to select the optimal function (mother wavelet) and the best patterns to monitor, in order to determine the state of the purifiers of the marine lube oils, was carried out, including intelligent classification systems. Specifically, this document considers centrifugal oil lubricant separators systems, since the monitoring of these systems can determine the condition of different mechanical systems.
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Nurlatifah, Ismi, Dine Agustine, and Dadang Sujana. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Sabun Di Desa Tegal Kunir Kidul." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v6i2.9220.

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During the pandemic, we are getting more demanded to maintain cleanliness and wash our hands frequently. The purpose of this community service activities is to educate the public in processing cooking oil waste into a useful product, that is soap. This activity is carried out as an effort to support the government program namely 5 M, which is one of the activity from this program is washing hands with soap. This activity was carried out in Tegal Kunir Kidul Village, Mauk Sub-District, Tangerang District. The methods that we used are workshops and direct mentoring. The participants who attended the workshop were 30 persons, consisting of program at village level womens and youth organizations. The results obtained from this workshop are the increasing of resident’s insight in terms of processing waste, as well as increasing skills in making soap products from cooking oil waste. In the future, it will not only come to waste processing, but also making the opportunities to increase businesses that can be manage by local villages.
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Prasath, B. Rajendra, Porai P. Tamil, Mohd F. Shabir, P. K. Devan, and S. Vigneshvaran. "Combustion and Performance Analysis of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Using Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3.

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Use of biodiesel in diesel engine is becoming popular due to its advantages such as eco friendly, green fuel, low cost and most importantly it is a renewable fuel. In the recent scenario of increased diesel fuel cost and environmental issues, the use of biodiesel in internal combustion engines in transport sector provides energy security along with environmental protection. The chemically treated vegetable oil called biodiesel can be produced from either edible or non edible oils through commonly known transesterification process. In this investigation, biodiesel produced from non edible jatropha oil has been used in a single cylinder water cooled stationary diesel engine to assess the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance characteristics of biodiesel are similar to that of diesel fuel operation and emission levels are lower than the diesel fuel. The use of low cost biodiesel in diesel engines leads to same power output with lower emission levels which in turn leads to a global revolution in possessing a renewable fuel at stake and also assures energy security and environmental cleanliness.
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Jalaludin, Jalaludin. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Mekargalih Kec. Jatiluhur Melalui Sedekah Minyak Jelantah." ADINDAMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37726/adindamas.v2i1.430.

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Most of the waste in Mekargalih village is still not managed properly so it becomes a phenomenon that is quite complicated to solve. So that waste that is not managed properly becomes a hotbed for the spread of disease and causes environmental pollution. The Used Cooking Oil Alms Program is carried out so that the community can care about the environment, as well as a creative program that tackles the problem of B3 waste. The purpose of PKM is to empower the village community in Mekargalih Kec. Jatiluhur through the alms of used cooking oil trains the community and provides knowledge to develop their potential, both natural potential and the potential that exists within the community to lead to awareness and concern for both the community and village government towards environmental cleanliness which is implemented in the example of using waste and oil. used. Conclusion of PKM on Community Empowerment in Mekargalih Village, Kec. Jatiluhur Through this Waste Cooking Oil Alms, the community has the knowledge that used cooking oil can become waste that is harmful to the environment because it can pollute clean water and soil. In addition, the people of Mekargalih village are more concerned about the environment not to throw used cooking oil carelessly, many people are even aware that used cooking oil can produce various products that are useful in their daily lives, when compared to throwing it directly on the ground. Furthermore, from the PKM support program, the community feels helped by the community service program, on the other hand as a means to get closer to the community, on the other hand community service can strengthen brotherhood among the residents of the Mekargalih village, Jatiluhur Purwakarta.
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35

Jozef Krilek, Jozef, Jan Kovach, Tomash Kuvik, and Lucia Dobrotova. "Analysis of the hydraulic oil to drive band sawmill." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 29, no. 10 (December 26, 2019): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40291018.

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Transport and material handling is a sum of technological processes in the wood-processing industry. Hydraulic drives are one of the drive options used as a basic part of the transport – handling machines. Contamination control involves preventing contaminants from entering a hydraulic system and placing filters in strategic locations throughout the system to trap any contaminants to find their way into the fluid. But for critical equipment, a successful contamination control program must also include regular assessment of the hydraulic fluid cleanliness. It must be often done every two to six months or after every 500 or 1,000 hours of operation, depending on the equipment duty cycle, operating environment, and how critical it is to overall operation. Pressure forces in hydraulic drives are transferred to hydraulically-operated devices which also serve to lubricate the elements, displace and remove heat from the system. To increase the service life of hydraulic drives, hydraulic oil must meet individual physical characteristics. To ensure reliability, timely diagnosis of hydraulic oil is required. Some experts also recommend that fluid to be tested immediately after any maintenance event that exposes the hydraulic system to the external environment. This could occur when a hose or other component is replaced or fluid is added to the reservoir. Fluid replenishment can be particularly troublesome because new fluid is notorious for being dirty – often from improper storage and handling practices. The article deals with the methodology of measuring the basic physical properties of hydraulic oil by the respective diagnostic devices directly on the hydraulic drive of the bend saw in the full operation of the machine. The methodology suggested enables making decisions for improvement of the hydraulic oil state.
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Astekar, Madhusudan, Sowmya Vishnurao Gujjar, Himanshu Upadhyay, and Himani Upadhyay. "Grub in the mouth: an unusual case with review of literature." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 9 (September 2020): e234818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234818.

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Oral myiasis is a rare disease, identified primarily in non-industrialised nations. It is caused fundamentally by the attack of larvae from Dipteran flies on the human tissues. Predisposing factors for oral myiasis are extraction wounds, destitute oral cleanliness, meagreness, mouth breathing amid rest, suppurative injuries, necrotic tissues, diabetes and perivascular infections primarily within the elderly, extreme halitosis, alcohol addiction, cerebral paralysis and components that favour prolonged mouth opening. Myiasis may have predilection to patients with mental challenges, cerebral palsy and hemiplegia due to unfortunate physical agility. The present case reports an oral myiasis in a 25-year-old woman who was mentally challenged. This condition was treated by topical application of turpentine oil with manual expulsion of hatchlings, taken after by surgical debridement and wide range antimicrobials.
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37

Ciocan, Anisoara, and Beatrice Tudor. "Effect of Secondary Vacuum Treatment on Performance Characteristics of A516 Grade 65 Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.38.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the making technology of clean steel used in the oil, gas and petrochemical industry. The steel was obtained into conventional electric arc furnace. To enhance the steel quality a secondary refining treatment was applied. The purity characteristics of the steel A516 Grade 65, before and after the treatment in the vacuum arc degassing equipment are discussed and compared. The deoxidation, desulphurisation in the presence of basic slag and degassing by injecting an inert gas and also by vacuum exposure are effective in reducing non-metallic inclusions and for chemical composition control. Data from 31 melts obtained in two industrial conditions are presented according to steel making parameters. The variation of chemical composition, especially of content of S, P, and the cleanliness of the steel in terms of content of non-metallic inclusions are analyzed.
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38

Saraladevi V, Ravichandran S, Bhavani J, Satheesh Kumar D, Chandrasekaran A R, and Irfana Asma S. "Antibacterial Activity of the Herbal Gargles." International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijpib.v4i2.1255.

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Teeth and mouth are the supportive organs to enable us in doing all the functions of the body by consuming. So, cleanliness of the oral areas is important for the healthy and nourished body which is devoid of microorganisms. Herbs have been in the investigations for the antibacterial and antiviral properties along with the history of the medical systems. They were effective and safer relative to the available synthetic drugs. Three formulations of gargle were prepared using Extract of Neem, Aloe Gel and clove oil which were named as GNF, GAF and GCF. The physical parameters were estimated, such as pH and one formulation failed in the stability study. The prepared GNF and GAF showed better antibacterial activity against the bacteria extracted by swabbing the mouth and also the three strains like E coil, Streptomyces and staphylococcus.
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Kokolakis, Antonios K., and Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos. "Microwave-Assisted Techniques (MATs); a Quick Way to Extract a Fragrance: A Review." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 10 (October 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801040.

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In recent years Microwave-Assisted Techniques (MATs) have been introduced as a new process design and operation for essential oils extraction, representing a viable alternative to conventional old-type methods of distillation which are routinely used for the isolation of essential oils from herbs, flowers and spices prior to gas chromatographic analysis. The novelty of the technique lies in a microwave heating source generating a mixture of boiling solvent with the raw plant material settled above (or drenched inside). Several variations of distillation techniques are evaluated in terms of substantial energy saving, rapidity, product yield, cleanliness and product quality. Results confirm the effectiveness of MATs, which allow extraction of essential oils in shorter extraction time (up-to 9 times faster), using “greener” procedures and provide a higher quality essential oil with better sensory and antioxidant properties.
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40

Lan, Dongchao. "Current Status of Research on Methanol as an Alternative Fuel to Conventional Fuels." Trends in Renewable Energy 9, no. 1 (January 2023): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2023.9.1.00147.

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With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the domestic demand for automobiles is growing explosively. At the same time, the dependence of China's crude oil on foreign countries exceeds 65%. This is a great hidden danger to the sustainable development of China's economy and energy security. Automobile consumes a large amount of petroleum resources, and automobile exhaust is one of the main factors causing environmental pollution. In view of the dual pressure of energy saving and emission reduction, methanol has been favored by many researchers for its many advantages (such as cleanliness, environmental protection, renewable and high accessibility). In this paper, the resource extensibility of methanol, the physicochemical properties of methanol, the application characteristics of methanol in internal combustion engine and the comparison of the combustion performance of methanol with traditional fuels are summarized and analyzed.
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41

Ferreira, Inês, Liliana Grenho, Pedro Gomes, Ana Cristina Braga, Maria Helena Fernandes, Maria Ascensão Lopes, and Irene Pina-Vaz. "Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Binary Mixtures as Root Canal Filling Solvents." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143237.

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Objectives: This study reports the efficacy of two solvent mixtures on the dissolution of gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, together with the cytotoxicity. Methods: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), orange oil, tetrachloroethylene, MEK/tetrachloroethylene (1:1), MEK/orange oil (1:1), and chloroform (control) were tested. Twelve groups (n = 15) of standardized stainless-steel molds filled with softened gutta-percha cones and twelve (n = 15) filled with AH Plus were immersed in the corresponding mixture or individual solvent, in an ultrasonic bath, for either 2 or 5 min. The effect of the solvents was assessed qualitatively by a topographical analysis (scanning electron microscopy) and chemical analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and quantitatively by a weight loss and viscoelastic property (dynamic mechanical analysis) evaluation. The cytotoxicity was assessed on MG63 human osteoblastic cells. Results: The mixtures did not show the formation of new compounds. Both presented significantly higher efficacies compared to their individual solvents, suggesting a synergistic effect. Their dissolution efficacy was similar to that of chloroform, showing high cytocompatibility. Conclusions: The proposed strategy, incorporating ultrasound agitation and profiting from the synergy of adequate solvents, might enhance root canal cleanliness allowing a single-step procedure to dissolve gutta-percha and the sealer remnants, while assuring cytocompatibility with the periapical tissues.
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42

KIKUCHI, Takumi, Tadafumi SATO, Naotake FUJITA, and Michio KITANO. "501 The Effect of Additive in Lubricant Oil on Piston Cleanliness for the difference of Operation Condition in a Two-Stroke Cycle Engine." Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2001 (2001): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2001.135.

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43

Li, Junning, Jiafan Xue, Ka Han, Qian Wang, and Wuge Chen. "Experimental Analysis on Skid Damage of Roller Bearing with the Time-Varying Slip and Temperature Distribution." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010009.

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Skid damage affects the performance of aviation bearing, which covers different disciplines in tribology, thermology, materials science, dynamics, et al. In this manuscript, a novel horizontal skid damage test rig of a rolling bearing with higher rotation accuracy and better linear contact was built, which can simulate the rolling/sliding contact between the roller and inner ring. Combining with temperature, load, speed, slip, and surface microscopy, the skid damage mechanism of roller bearings was analyzed from a multi-information perspective. Meanwhile, the dynamic lubrication failure process of the contact pair in rolling bearings with the time-varying slip and temperature distribution was revealed. The effect of different radial loads, inner ring speeds, lubricating oil quantities, and states of cleanliness on the time-varying characteristics of the temperature and the slip of the rolling bearing were obtained. Among them, the radial load has the greatest influence on the slip rate of rolling bearing. In addition, the test results show that the skid damage under extremely light load is the comprehensive effect of adhesive wear and thermal failure.
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44

Glibovytska, Nataliia, and Lesya Plaksiy. "The drilling solution components’ impact on the environment and directions of its reduction." Biolohichni systemy 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2020.01.052.

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The problem of the oil wells operation influence on the environmental ecological state is considered. The technical and biological aspects of the impact of drilling solution components used in the process of oil production on the biotic and abiotic environment are analyzed. The methods of preserving the cleanliness of reservoirs and soil during the wells operations and preventing pollutants from entering the environment are described. Possible effects of the toxic compounds of the drilling fluid on living organisms, in particular plants, have been identified. The components of drilling fluids of different types are characterized by different levels of environmental hazard. The lowest level of threat to environmental safety is inherent in the clay type of solution, and the polymer-potassium solution is characterized by the highest potentially dangerous impact on the biota. Despite belonging to the third class of moderately hazardous substances, sodium salts, calcium and chlorides, as components of drilling fluids, have the highest destructive effects on the environment. Soil salinization has the most detrimental effect on plants, as it breaks the osmotic equilibrium in the soil-plant system, disrupts the transport of organogenic elements throughout the plant, and reduces the availability of moisture and minerals. Increasing soil pH due to the ingress of calcium and sodium hydroxides as components of drilling fluids adversely affects plant growth and development. Stability of some groups of plants to the influence of components of drilling fluids and ability of phytoobjects to resist stress influence are noted. Halophytes are well adapted to the growth in conditions of excessive soil salinization due to the specific metabolic and structural features of the organization. Low oil content in drilling fluids can be released into the environment and, when accumulated in the aquatic and soil environments, lead to a number of destructive processes in living systems. Plants sensitive to oil pollution respond by reducing growth processes, increasing catabolic processes, and reducing assimilation function. In order to minimize the negative impact of chemicals on the environment of oil production territories, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive approach that combines the technical aspects of pollution control with effective biological methods. The urgent task of modern environmental science is to search for oil-resistant plant species that are effectively capable of converting toxic petroleum products to biota-safe compounds. Technological recommendations for the prevention of environmental pollution by drilling fluids are proposed, as well as phytorecultivation methods for controlling already polluted ecosystems.
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HAMMOUDA, Nadia, and Kamel BELMOKRE. "Effect of surface treatment by sandblasting on the quality and electrochemical corrosion properties of a C-1020 carbon steel used by an Algerian oil company." MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201001.

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The purpose of the different operations under the term surface preparation is to get a clean surface able to be coated. It is essential to adapt this preparation in terms of the metallurgical nature of the substrate, cleanliness, its shape and roughness. Surface preparations especially the operations of sandblasting, polishing, or grinding prove of capital importance. It allows to modify the superficial properties of these materials, after these treatments the surface becomes very active. This paper evaluates the mechanical surface treatments effect by sandblasting (Sa 1.5 and Sa 2.5) on the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of C-1020 carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution electrolyte simulating aggressive sea atmosphere. Investigations are conducted using stationary (free potential "E-t, polarization curves "E-i", the Tafel rights and the Rp) and nonstationary electrochemical tools such as electrochemical impedance. The results obtained allowed us to highlight that sandblasted carbon steel degrades with immersion time because of the roughness of the surface. These results were confirmed by the plot of the electrochemical impedance diagrams, confirming that the process governing kinetics is under charge transfer control. Good protection against corrosion cannot be obtained only with a good surface preparation of the adapted steel.
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46

Woo, Kang-Lyung. "Determination of Low MolecularWeight Alcohols Including Fusel Oil in Various Samples by Diethyl Ether Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1419.

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Abstract Low molecular weight alcohols including fusel oil were determined using diethyl ether extraction and capillary gas chromatography. Twelve kinds of alcohols were successfully resolved on the HP-FFAP (polyethylene glycol) capillary column. The diethyl ether extraction method was very useful for the analysis of alcohols in alcoholic beverages and biological samples with excellent cleanliness of the resulting chromatograms and high sensitivity compared to the direct injection method. Calibration graphs for all standard alcohols showed good linearity in the concentration range used, 0.001–2% (w/v) for all alcohols. Salting out effects were significant (p < 0.01) for the low molecular weight alcohols methanol, isopropanol, propanol, 2-butanol, n-butanol and ethanol, but not for the relatively high molecular weight alcohols amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and heptanol. The coefficients of variation of the relative molar responses were less than 5% for all of the alcohols. The limits of detection and quantitation were 1–5 and 10–60 μg/L for the diethyl ether extraction method, and 10–50 and 100–350 g/L for the direct injection method, respectively. The retention times and relative retention times of standard alcohols were significantly shifted in the direct injection method when the injection volumes were changed, even with the same analysis conditions, but they were not influenced in the diethyl ether extraction method. The recoveries by the diethyl ether extraction method were greater than 95% for all samples and greater than 97% for biological samples.
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47

Shelly Christiani Saputri, Putri Hergianasari, and Wilson M. A. Therik. "Yogyakarta Tourism Office's Strategy in Economic Recovery of the Tourism Sector During the Covid-19 Pandemic." KEMUDI : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 7, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/kemudi.v7i1.4746.

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This study aims to explain the strategy of the Yogyakarta Tourism Office in the economic recovery of the tourism sector during the Covid-19 period. So far, tourism has become the fourth largest sector that contributes to the country's foreign exchange after palm oil (CPO), oil and gas and mining (coal). The world of tourism has been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, all sectors have experienced a drastic decline, including the tourism sector, which has been in the second position as Indonesia's second largest foreign exchange contributor. This pandemic condition is forcing tourists to cancel their travel plans to Indonesia, one of which is the city of Yogyakarta. Based on statistics, Yogyakarta has the title of the tourism city most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In just over a year, the tourism industry in the city of Yogyakarta suffered losses of up to Rp. 10 trillion. This is because Yogyakarta is the second most popular tourist destination in Indonesia after Bali. It is undeniable that Yogyakarta tourism has a great influence on the community's economy. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. The findings of this study are the Yogyakarta’s Government Tourism Office (Dinpar) in its efforts to restore the tourism sector economy through the implementation of the Covid-19 protocol; new normal policy; implementation of CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment Sustainability); restoration of MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions); domestic tourism; and events gradually; revitalization of the agrarian sector through the development of agribusiness.
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Hadiyanto, H., Aniek Sri Handayani, Miftah Aqidatul Izzah, and Marcelinus Christwardana. "Formulation and Characteristics Analysis of Soap with The Addition of Spirulina Platensis." Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbes.2023.17086.

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Cleanliness has become an integral element of daily living. Soap is often used as a cleaning agent. Soap can remove grime and microorganisms that adhere to the skin. Various types of fats or oils are often utilized as soap's primary constituents. The usage of these diverse oils alters the properties of soap, beginning with its hardness, its impact on the skin, and the resultant foam. 3 grams and 5 grams of Spirulina are added to the soap formulation. The pH test, foam height test, and organoleptic test are the test parameters. The findings demonstrated that the pH of each solid soap preparation was nine, which was in agreement with national standard criteria. The foam stability formed was 75% and 25%, and that the soap formulation maintained its color, shape, and odor for a period of ten days during storage. This research concludes that Spirulina platensis can be made into a solid soap formulation. The effects of the addition of Spirulina to solid soap include a light green color, a solid shape or solid texture, and a distinct perfume of essential tea tree oil, as well as the production of quite a bit of foam and a little coarseness.
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49

Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.

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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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50

Ilhami, Muhamad Aris, and Holifah Holifah. "Marine Bioremediation Using Alcanivorax Borkumensis SK2 as A Waste Prevention Oil Industry on the Tunda Island to the Impact of Flood in Banten Region." GMPI Conference Series 1 (April 18, 2022): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53889/gmpics.v1.89.

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Marine pollution in the water triggers many problems, one of them is in the area of Tunda Island, Banten, Indonesia. Waste pollution that occurs in the area occurs due to oil drilling activities conducted by Pertamina. As result, such drilling waste pollutes the environment of Tunda Island. The distance between residential areas and oil rigs is about 18 to 20 miles, which will take 2 hours to complete. As a result of the waste, many octopuses on Tunda Island were found drunk and dead. It will be more dangerous if the waste sticks to mangrove seedlings, in mangrove trunks and in seagrass beds, when exposed to sunlight it will melt because the gravel waste is pitch black and can burn. As the world's largest island nation, 60% of Indonesia's 265 million people depend on one-system waters. Toxic chemicals enter the oceans every day from industrial waste. This problem can lead to the risk of flood impacts for the environment affected by industrial waste pollution. Marine cleanliness plays an important role in realizing the prosperity of land and marine ecosystems. Efforts can be made with bioremediation that is recovery with the help of live bacteria such as Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 which is γ-proteobacterium of the sea that can be used to clean contaminated environments. This research aims to prevent industrial waste pollution and prevent the risk of flood impacts in Indonesia, especially in Tunda Island, Banten. Various literature explains that A. borkumensis SK2 is able to digest linear and branched alkanes commonly found in crude oil. Bacteria grow naturally in polluted areas, when added with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, they can accelerate the cleaning process to 2 -5 years faster than natural processes for 5 - 10 years. Therefore, the application of the use of A. borkumensis SK2 has the potential to be applied in Indonesia to overcome the problem of marine pollution.
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