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Academic literature on the topic 'Oil content'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil content"

Koreňovská, M., and O. Poláčeková. "Trace elements content in virgin sunflower oil production." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 2 (January 1, 2000): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8311-cjfs.

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Trace elements content Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in the single steps of virgin sunflower oil production were studied. It was determined that mercury is cumulated in sunflower kernel and passes into oil. Chromium is concentrated in sunflower hulls and therefore is not passing into oil. Nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, manganese remained in pressed sunflower meal. Only their decreased content was found in oil because mechanical purifying (separation and filtration) minimized their content. We determined the levels of selected trace elements in sunflower virgin oils produced in Slovakia in 1995 and 1996. Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry using graphite furnace and flame were used.

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Mezzenga, Raffaele, and Stephane Ulrich. "Spray-Dried Oil Powder with Ultrahigh Oil Content." Langmuir 26, no. 22 (November 16, 2010): 16658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la103447n.

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Dai, X. J., C. Wang, and Q. Zhu. "Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 4 (April 5, 2011): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1434-cjas.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 ± 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 ± 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥ C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

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Rodrigues, Josiane Isabela da Silva, Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda, Newton Deniz Piovesan, Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros, and Maurilio Alves Moreira. "Selection of progenitors for increase in oil content in soybean." Revista Ceres 63, no. 5 (October 2016): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663050010.

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ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.

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Ahn, Suhyun, Jeong Mog Seo, and Heejin Lee. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of Marine Gas Oil in Lubricating Oil." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030339.

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Marine lubricating oil (LO) is deteriorated by contaminants—especially marine gas oil (MGO), which is invariably mixed during its usage—that can damage engine performance. This study investigates a method for determining the content of MGO in lubricating oil. Weight loss from MGO-containing lubricant was evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a standard calibration curve was plotted to establish a correlation with MGO content. A comparison of the commonly used ASTM–based gas chromatography (GC) analysis, and this TGA approach revealed that the former was more accurate when the lubricant contained ≤1% MGO; however, TGA afforded higher accuracy when the MGO content was between 0.5% and 15%. Hence, TGA can be used as a simple, reliable, and rapid method to analyze the contents of a lubricant contaminant such as MGO.

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Marega Filho, Mario, Deonisio Destro, Lilian Azevedo Miranda, Wilma Aparecida Spinosa, Mercedes Concórdia Carrão-Panizzi, and Ricardo Montalván. "Relationships among oil content, protein content and seed size in soybeans." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 1 (March 2001): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000100004.

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During 1995/96 and 1996/97, experiments were carried out at Londrina State University, aiming at quantifying the oil and protein contents in two groups of soybean genotypes; estimating the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations existent among oil, protein content and seed size, and identifying genotypes for direct human consumption with high protein content. The evaluated characters were Weight of a Hundred Seeds (WHS), expressed in grams/100 seeds, Oil Content (OC) and Protein Content (PC), expressed in %. In the experiment carried out in the field, OC ranged from 12 to 20.37 % and PC from 35.66 to 41.75% while in the experiment carried out in the greenhouse OC ranged from 12.26 to 21.79 % and PC from 32.95 to 41.56 % . The correlations between oil and protein were negative and significant. The relationship among WHS with OC and PC was low and higly affected by the time effect. Due to their high protein content and stability to oil and protein contents, there were distinction among the treatments carried out in the field (GA23 and GA20), and those carried out in the greenhouse (PI408251, Waseda, B6F4 (L-3 less), PI423909 and Tambagura).

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Dwivedi, S. L., S. N. Nigam, R. Jambunathan, K. L. Sahrawat, G. V. S. Nagabhushanam, and K. Raghunath. "Effect of Genotypes and Environments on Oil Content and Oil Quality Parameters and Their Correlation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1." Peanut Science 20, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-2-5.

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Abstract The quality of edible oils is now receiving increasing consideration from consumers and processors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of environments on oil content and fatty acid composition in peanut. The correlation between oil content and oil quality parameters was also studied. Thirteen peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were grown in 12 environments for the study. Soils at experiment locations differed significantly for pH, EC, and N, P, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents. Significant genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction effects were observed for oil content, individual fatty acid contents, and derived oil quality parameters. The original range of 34-54% of oil content based on one season/location evaluation in these lines was not repeatable, and ranged from 45-50% in multilocation evaluation. Oil content was positively correlated with soil pH and Fe content. The correlation of oleic and linoleic acid content with soil pH and Fe content was positive in the former and negative in the latter. The oil content was positively correlated with O/L ratio. Oliec and linoleic acid contents were negatively correlated. Selection for reduced linoleic acid level in genotypes would also reduce levels of total long chain saturated fatty (TLCSF) acids. Of the thirteen genotypes tested, ICG 5856, ICG 5369, and ICGV 87124 could be used in breeding for improved oil quality.

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Kahriman, Fatih, Fatma Aktaş, Umut Songur, Mehmet Şerment, and Cem Ömer Egesel. "Screening Turkish maize landraces for kernel oil content and oil quality traits." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 18, no. 4 (August 2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262120000258.

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AbstractIn this study, maize landraces, previously collected from different regions of Turkey through a national maize breeding project, were screened for kernel oil content and oil quality. After a seed reproduction in 2017, the screening trial was conducted in 2018, using an Augmented Experimental Design with 192 local maize populations along with seven check hybrids. Data were collected on oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, total carotenoid and total tocopherol contents. The results showed that there was a considerable amount of genetic variation among the Turkish maize landraces for almost all the traits investigated in this study. Some of the evaluated landraces are available that could be considered as high oil variety or special genotypes in terms of certain oil quality traits. Landraces had significantly higher values than checks for oil content, oleic acid, MUFA and tocopherol contents. Genetic analyses suggest that the kernel quality traits could be successfully manipulated using the investigated plant material. Heritability values were found high for all the traits of interest, except for saturated fatty acid and total carotenoid content. The promising landraces detected in this study could be exploited in future breeding programmes upon further evaluations at the population level.

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Maciel, Gisele, Diego A. De la Torre, María Gabriela Cendoya, Natalia G. Izquierdo, and Ricardo E. Bartosik. "Development of the Enhanced Halsey Model to Predict Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) of Sunflower Seeds with Different Oil Contents." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12773.

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Abstract. Using the right equilibrium moisture content (EMC) relationship is critical for implementing successful aeration strategies and for determining the safe storage moisture content of grains and oilseeds. The oil content of sunflower seeds substantially affects the moisture equilibrium relationship, implying that a specific set of model parameters for each oil content range should be obtained. To overcome this practical limitation, the Enhanced Halsey model was developed incorporating a new parameter (D) to characterize the effect of oil content on the original Modified Halsey model. The constants A, B, C, and D of the model were obtained for a wide range of temperatures, moisture and oil contents. The simplicity of the Enhanced Halsey model and the possibility of adapting EMC as a function of oil content make the Enhanced Halsey model valuable for engineering applications (e.g., aeration controllers) and for predicting the safe storage moisture content of seeds with different oil contents, such as sunflower. Keywords: Composition, Grain, Isotherms, Oilseed, Relative humidity, Sorption, Storage quality.

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Sedláková, J., B. Kocourková, L. Lojková, and V. Kubáň. "The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.)." Horticultural Science 30, No. 2 (November 25, 2011): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3818-hortsci.

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Caraway fruits contain 1–6% of essential oils consisting of about 30 compounds, from which carvone and limonene account form the main portion, about 95%. To evaluate the quality of various caraway cultivars, the amounts of essential oils and the carvone/limonene ratio were measured. The most common method of essential oil evaluation is steam distillation in accordance with Standard ČSN 58 0110, but an alternative method – supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) – was also investigated in this paper. Ground caraway fruits were extracted under different SFE conditions (pressure, temperature, use of modifiers). Released compounds (carvone and limonene) were quantified by GC.  

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil content"

Serson, William Richard. "INCREASING RENEWABLE OIL CONTENT AND UTILITY." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/89.

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Since the dawn of agriculture man has been genetically modifying crop plants to increase yield, quality and utility. In addition to selective breeding and hybridization we can utilize mutant populations and biotechnology to have greater control over crop plant modification than ever before. Increasing the production of plant oils such as soybean oil as a renewable resource for food and fuel is valuable. Successful breeding for higher oil levels in soybean, however, usually results in reduced protein, a second valuable seed component. We show that by manipulating a highly active acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) the hydrocarbon flux to oil in oilseeds can be increased without reducing the protein component. Compared to other plant DGATs, a DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) produces much higher oil synthesis and accumulation activity in yeast, insect cells and soybean. Soybean lines expressing VgDGAT1A show a 4% increase in oil content without reductions in seed protein contents or yield per unit land area. Furthermore, we have screened a soybean fast neutrino population derived from M92-220 variety and found three high oil mutants that do not have reduced levels of protein. From the F2 plant populations we quantitatively pooled the high oil and low oil plants and performed comparative genomics hybridization (CGH). From the data it appears that two families have a 0.3 kb aberration in chromosome 14. We are performing further analysis to study this aberration and develop markers for molecular breeding. Mutagenic techniques are also useful for developing other traits such as early flowering varieties and adapting new high oil crops to a new region. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an ancient crop that has experienced an agricultural resurgence in recent decades due to the high omega 3 fatty acid (ω-3) content of the seeds and good production potential. The area of cultivation has been expanded to Kentucky using mutagenized populations and the composition traits are similar to that of the original regions of cultivation in Central and South America.

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Wiehler, William B., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Molecular strategies for increasing seed oil content in canola." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/126.

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Previous research has shown that microsomal DGAT activity from cultures of Brassica napus was stimulated by human acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Genetic constructs were engineered to facilitate the expression of ASP or BSA in developing seeds to test the stimulatory effect of these proteins at the site of TAG formation. As well, genetic constructs were designed to produce a truncation of the BSA polypeptide in an attempt to localize the portion fo the macromolecule responsible for stimulation of DGAT activity. An oleosin promoter was used for seed specific expression and to express the polypeptides at a precisely cooridnated time when oil was accumulating in the developing seeds. Lipid analysis coordinated time when oil was accumlating in the developing seeds. Lipid analysis was performed on the seeds of transgenic plants designed to cytosolically express these mammalian proteins and the seeds of control plants. The first generation data revealed that the total lipid within the mature seeds of ASP and BSA plants was not significantly different from the total lipid of negative control plants using both gravimetric and low resolution-nuclear magnetic resonance methods of analysis. The seeds from ASP 8 and ASP 10 plants, however, did produce significantly more lipid on a per seed basis as compared to negative control plants. The levels of the fatty acid composition for total acyl lipids were measured in these first generation transgenic plants. ASP 3 had significantly lower levels of linoleic acid, ASP 14 had significantly lower levels of a-linolenic acid and BSA 11 had significantly higher levels of both of these fatty acids in comparison to negative control plants.
xix, 245 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Wiehler, William B. "Molecular strategies for increasing seed oil content in canola." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61049.pdf.

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Plimpton, Shari L. "Factors affecting the oil content of potato chips and the application of near infra-red reflectance to on-line moisture and oil content measurements /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399026461.

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Kilaru, Aruna. "Understanding the Regulation of Oil Biosynthesis in Oil-Rich Tissues for the Purpose of Enriching Plant Oil Content to Generate Biofuels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4776.

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Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are stored in variable amounts (1-90 % by dry weight) in seed and non-seed tissues of various plant species. To gain insights into tissue- and species-specific regulation and biosynthesis of TAG in plants, we used 454 pyro and Illumina sequencing and generated transcriptome for eight species (brassica, castor, nasturtium, euonymus, oil palm, date palm, and avocado). In all tissues analyzed, an increased expression was noted for genes mostly associated with fatty acid biosynthesis in plastid, but much less increase in those for TAG assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, hexose metabolism in plastid, relative to cytosol, appeared to be crucial in most oil-rich tissues, which is likely associated with directing high pyruvate flux toward plastid fatty acid synthesis. We also identified that WRINKLED1 transcription factor acts as a master switch in regulating oil biosynthesis in most oil-rich seed and non-seed tissues of monocot and dicot plants, suggesting a highly conserved mechanism. Overall, our studies point to distinctive modes of regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly that are conserved in both seed and non-seed oil-rich plants, which can be extended to other crops for the purpose of generating biofuels.

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RAPOSO, GELMIREZ MARTINS. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR HYDROCYCLONE DESIGNED TO HIGH OIL CONTENT APPLICATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13794@1.

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A separação ciclônica vem se tornando nas últimas décadas um processo cada vez mais utilizado na separação gás-líquido, líquido-líquido e sólidolíquido, principalmente na indústria do petróleo. Com o crescente aumento das prospecções marítimas torna-se necessário reduzir o peso e a dimensão de equipamentos. Isto pode ser conseguido com a separação ciclônica, uma vez que pode-se criar um campo centrífugo diversas vezes superior ao campo gravitacional, tornando possível o desenvolvimento de equipamentos bastante compactos. A principal diferença entre os diversos ciclones é a sua geometria. A otimização dos mesmos para as variadas aplicações é, a cada ano, baseada menos em experimentos e mais em modelos matemáticos. No presente trabalho foi investigada a adequação dos modelos de turbulência de Tensões de Reynolds RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) e Grandes Escalas LES (Large Eddy Simulation) para a previsão do escoamento em um hidrociclone de alto teor de óleos através da comparação com dados experimentais e numéricos disponíveis na literatura. Após essa etapa foi investigada a influência de diversos parâmetros operacionais e geométricos como vazão, rugosidade e comprimento do hidrociclone no escoamento. Ambas as metodologias mostraram vantagens e deficiências, sendo que o modelo LES apresentou precisão superior com relação aos parâmetros turbulentos. Com relação à variação nos parâmetros do equipamento, a metodologia RSM foi capaz de prever corretamente, de acordo com evidências experimentais, a mesma tendência de redução de perda de carga com redução da vazão, aumento da rugosidade e comprimento.
Cyclonic separation has became more and more important during the last decades as a unit process for gas-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid separation, mostly in the Petroleum industry. The off-shore exploration’s growth requires the development of smaller and lighter equipment. This can be achieved by cyclonic separation once centrifugal fields are several times stronger than gravity. This allows the construction of very compact systems. The major difference between the various cyclones is their geometry. Cyclone optimization for different uses is, every year, less based on experiments and more based on mathematical models. In the present work, the applicability of turbulent models, Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation, was investigated to predict the flow inside a high oil content hydrocyclone, comparing the results with experimental and numerical data available in the literature. After this point, the influence on flow of operational and geometric parameters such as inlet flow, roughness and hydrocyclone length was evaluated. Both models have shown advantages and problems, being LES more accurate over turbulent parameters. Regarding the changing on hydrocyclone parameters, RSM model was able to foresee, on good agreement with experimental data, the expected results like reduction on pressure drop with: the inlet flow decreasing; increasing of roughness; and length.

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Ayoola, Olakunle Thomas. "Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act's Perceived Performance Impact." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3383.

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Petroleum-producing companies in Nigeria were forced to increase spending on Nigerian-sourced materials and services from $8 billion to $13 billion since 2010, due to the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act. The act was enacted in 2010 to support local firms and improve the companies' performance. However, there is sparse research on how the act affected the companies' performance. This study was an examination of the impact of the act on the companies' performance. Bandura's social cognitive theory was the theoretical framework. The research questions of this descriptive correlational study were used to examine the act's effect on employee and organizational performance. The independent variable was employees' perception of the level of implementation of the act. The dependent variables were employees' perceived task and perceived organizational business performance. Collection of interval level survey data from 372 full-time employees of the 5 major petroleum-producing companies in Nigeria was possible by anchoring only the ends of the Likert scale with words. The Pearson product-moment correlation results indicated that the independent variable correlated positively with each dependent variable. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the act had a positive effect on the employees' internal competence factor and the organizations' operational performance factor. The results are significant for Nigerian government officials and managers of the companies in understanding the impact of the act on performance. The outcomes have potential implications for positive social change through improved implementation strategies to achieve the objectives of the act. Researchers could focus on examining the impact of the act on employees' internal competence factor in future studies.

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Hizbai, Biniam T. "Comparative Mapping of QTLs Affecting Oil Content, Oil Composition, and other Agronomically Important Traits in Oat (Avena sativa L.)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23481.

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Groat oil content and composition are important quality traits in oats (Avena sativa L). These traits are controlled by many genes with additive effects. The chromosomal regions containing these genes, known as quantitative trait loci (QTL), can be discovered through their close association with markers. This study investigated total oil content and fatty acid components in an oat breeding population derived from a cross between high oil ('Dal') and low oil ('Exeter') parents. A genetic map consisting of 475 DArT (Diversity Array Technology) markers spanning 1271.8 cM across 40 linkage groups was constructed. QTL analysis for groat oil content and composition was conducted using grain samples grown at Aberdeen, ID in 1997. QTL analysis for multiple agronomic traits was also conducted using data collected from hill plots and field plots in Ottawa, ON in 2010. QTLs for oil content, palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) were identified. Two of the QTLs associated with oil content were also associated with all of the fatty acids examined in this study, and most oil-related QTL showed similar patterns of effect on the fatty acid profile. These results suggest the presence of pleiotropic effects on oil-related traits through influences at specific nodes of the oil synthesis pathway. In addition, 12 QTL-associated markers (likely representing nine unique regions) were associated with plant height, heading date, lodging, and protein content. The results of this study will provide information for molecular breeding as well as insight into the genetic mechanisms controlling oil biosynthesis in oat.

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Anderson, Chris. "Genetic analysis of oil content and composition in oat, Avena sativa L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62684.pdf.

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Van, der Merwe Hester E. (Hester Elizabeth). "Factors affecting rind oil content of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50352.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Essential oils are derived from volatile natural oils in plants and have been used by mankind for millennia. Citrus essential oils are widely used in various applications and lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] rind oil is the most important citrus oil in commerce. Rind oil glands are located in the exocarp, or flavedo, of the fruit and are formed schizogenously. The purpose of this study was to quantify the factors affecting rind oil content of lemons. The factors studied were light exposure and canopy position, growing region in South Africa, genotype, i.e. scion and rootstock, as well as the relationship between seedless clones of cultivars and the cultivars from which the seedless clones were derived, and various plant growth regulators were screened to determine whether they influenced rind oil content. Following the sampling of fruit from different positions in the tree's canopy, light exposure was found to affect rind oil content of 'Eureka' lemon fruit. Fruit borne on the outside of trees, higher in the tree, north-facing or not within the hedgerow had the highest rind oil content. Photosynthetically active radiation data supports the hypothesis that rind oil content is correlated with light exposure. To optimise rind oil content of lemons, trees should not be too dense or too high as to overshadow the lower parts of adjacent trees. South Africa has a diverse climate, and rind oil content from fruit produced in different growing regions was compared. 'Eureka' lemon fruit from Upington had the highest rind oil content in all seasons sampled. Fruit from Malelane and Marble Hall ranked second to Upington and rind oil content for fruit from Karino was intermediate. Rind oil content for fruit from Vaalharts was the lowest at each sampling time. When rind oil content was regressed against cumulative heat units there was a positive linear relationship in 2003, but in 2004 the relationship was weak. However, III general, rind oil content increased with increasing heat unit accumulation. A large variation exists among citrus cultivars and rootstocks and their effect on fruit growth and quality. 'Lirnoneira 8A', followed by 'Cicily', 'Lisbon' and 'Genoa' had the highest rind oil content. 'Villafranca', 'Messina' and 'Yen Ben Lisbon' had the lowest rind oil content. Rind oil content from 'Eureka' lemon fruit was disappointingly low. Seedless cultivars, 'Eureka SL' and 'Lisbon SL', had ~18.0% higher rind oil content than the seeded cultivars from which they were derived. With regards to rootstock, fruit from lemon trees budded on non-invigorating rootstocks, e.g. X639 [e. reshni Hort. ex Tan. x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], had the highest rind oil content, whereas rind oil content was low on invigorating rootstocks such as rough lemon (e. jambhiri Lush.). Synthetic gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and auxins were applied on lemon trees at different times and concentrations to screen their ability to enhance rind oil content. Of all the gibberellins and cytokinins applied, Promalin®, a combination of gibberellic acid 4/7 and benzyl adenine-phosphate, a cytokinin, had a small, but nonsignificant effect on rind oil content. Ethephon, which induces ethylene synthesis, affected rind oil content in 2004, when applied 8 weeks before harvest. However, ethephon and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) had an inconsistent effect on lemon rind oil content. Auxins did not affect rind oil content. Further experiments should be conducted, especially on the timing and concentration of applied gibberellins, e.g. Promalin®, and ethephon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Essensiële olies is vlugtige, natuurlike plantolies wat al vir eeue deur die mens gebruik word. Sitrus essensiële olies het verskeie toepassings en van hierdie sitrus olies is dié verkry uit suurlemoenskil [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] die belangrikste. Skiloliekliere is in die eksokarp, of flavedo, van die vrug geleë en vorm skisogenies. Die doelwit van hierdie navorsing was om faktore wat die olie-inhoud van suurlemoenskil affekteer te kwantifiseer. Faktore wat bestudeer is sluit ligblootstelling en posisie in die boom, produksiearea in Suid-Afrika, en genotipe (bo- en onderstam) in. Ook is saadlose klone vergelyk met die kultivars waaruit dit ontwikkel is. Verskeie plantgroeireguleerders se effek op skilolie-inhoud is ook geëvalueer. Ligblootstelling het skilolie-inhoud van 'Eureka' suurlemoene affekteer toe monsters van verskillende posisies in die boomtop vergelyk is. Vrugte aan die noorde- en buitekant, of hoër in die boom het die hoogste skilolie-inhoud gehad. Vrugte binne die plantry het minder skilolie bevat. Fotosinteties-aktiewe ligvlakmetings ondersteun die hipotese dat skilolieinhoud korreleer met ligblootstelling. Vir opitmale skilolie-inhoud in suurlemoene is dit dus belangrik dat bome nie te dig of te hoog moet wees nie, sodat dit nie die onderste dele van aangrensende bome oorskadu nie. Sitrus word in diverse klimaatstreke in Suid-Afrika verbou. Gevolglik is die skilolie-inhoud van vrugte uit verskillende produksieareas vergelyk. 'Eureka' suurlemoenvrugte uit Upington het met elke monsterneming die hoogste skilolie-inhoud gehad, gevolg deur vrugte uit Malelane en Marble Hall. Skilolie-inhoud van vrugte uit Karino was gemiddeld, terwyl vrugte van Vaalhaarts met elke monsterneming die laagste skilolie-inhoud gehad het. Regressie van skilolie-inhoud op kumulatiewe hitte-eenhede het 'n positiewe lineêre verwantskap in 2003 getoon. Hoewel die verwantskap swakker was in 2004, neem skilolieinhoud oor die algemeen toe met toenemende akkumulasie van hitte-eenhede. Sitruskultivars en -onderstamme varieer aansienlik in groeikrag en vrugkwaliteit. 'Lirnoneira 8A', gevolg deur 'Cicily', 'Lisbon' en 'Genoa' het die hoogste skilolie-inhoud gehad, terwyl 'Villafranca', 'Messina' en 'Yen Ben Lisbon' die laagste skilolie-inhoud gehad het. Die skilolie-inhoud van 'Eureka' suurlemoene was teleurstellend laag. Die skilolie-inhoud van die saadlose kultivars, 'Eureka SL' en 'Lisbon SL', was -18% hoër as die skilolie-inhoud van die kultivars waaruit dit ontwikkel is. Vrugte van bome wat op minder groeikragtige onderstamme geënt is, bv. X639 [C reshni Hort. ex Tan. x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], het 'n hoë skilolie-inhoud gehad, terwyl vrugte van bome op groeikragtige onderstamme, bv. growweskilsuurlemoen (C jambhiri Lush.), minder skilolie bevat het. Sintetiese gibberelliene, sitokiniene, etileen en ouksiene is op verskillende tye en teen verskillende dosisse op suurlemoenbome toegedien om die effek daarvan op skilolie-inhoud te bepaal. Promalin® (G~+7 en bensieladenienfosfaat) het 'n klein effek op skilolie-inhoud gehad, maar die effek was nie statisties beduidend nie. Ethephon, wat etileensintese induseer, het skilolie-inhoud in 2004 geaffekteer toe dit 8 weke voor oes toegedien is. Ethephon en aminoetoksievinielglisien (AVG, 'n etileenbiosintese inhibeerder) het egter nie 'n konstante effek op suurlemoen skilolie-inhoud gehad nie. Ouksiene het nie skilolie-inhoud geaffekteer me. Verdere eksperimente is veral nodig op die toedieningstyd en konsentrasie van toegediende gibberelliene, bv. Promalin®, en ethephon.

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Books on the topic "Oil content"

Fuller, M. A. Possible hydrogen content of seawater injected into oil reservoirs. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Kalkhoff, Stephen J. Brine contamination of ground water and streams in the Baxterville Oil Field area, Lamar and Marion Counties, Mississippi. [Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office], 1993.

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VanZanten, K. D. Control of sulfur emissions from oil shale retorting using spent shale absorption. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Chinn, Menzie David. The predictive content of energy futures: An update on petroleum, natural gas, heating oil, and gasoline. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Chinn, Menzie David. The predictive content of energy futures: An update on petroleum, natural gas, heating oil and gasoline. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Flaxseed oil: A medical dictionary, bibliography, and annotated research guide to Internet references. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2004.

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Nigeria. National Assembly. Senate. Committee on Petroleum Resources Upstream. Report on the bill for an act to provide for the development of Nigerian content in the Nigerian oil and gas industry; for Nigerian content plan; for supervision, coordination, monitoring and implementation of Nigeria content and for matters incidental thereto. Abuja?: The Senate?, 2007.

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Savoie, Jennifer. Analysis of carbon isotopes, determination of ground-water age, and estimated characteristics of the contaminant source at two fuel-spill plumes, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1996. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Gonzalez-Romero, Arturo. Oil price and organizational asymmetries in a North-South-OPEC context. [Colchester]: University of Essex, Dept. of Economics, 1988.

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Pinel, Stanley I. Comparison between oil-mist and oil-jet lubrication of high-speed, small-bore, angular-contact ball bearings. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil content"

Gooch, Jan W. "Oil Content." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 500. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8139.

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Kalyuzhnova, Yelena. "Developing Local Content." In Economics of the Caspian Oil and Gas Wealth, 136–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227552_6.

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Myshkin, Nikolai K., and Liubou V. Markova. "Monitoring of Water Content in Oil." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 61–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61134-1_3.

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Subai, Pereowei. "National oil companies and local content development." In Local Content Oil and Gas Law in Africa, 144–62. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in energy law and regulation: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351068086-9.

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Poussenkova, Nina, and Indra Overland. "Corporate and Environmental Responsibility Among Russian Oil Companies." In Sovereign Wealth Funds, Local Content Policies and CSR, 545–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56092-8_31.

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Subai, Pereowei. "Legal and institutional frameworks for local content development." In Local Content Oil and Gas Law in Africa, 29–47. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in energy law and regulation: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351068086-3.

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Parker, H. D., and G. D. Pitt. "Oil content monitors—a review of available equipment." In Pollution Control Instrumentation for Oil and Effluents, 127–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3233-3_6.

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Subai, Pereowei. "Local content in petroleum producing countries: strategies and approaches." In Local Content Oil and Gas Law in Africa, 4–28. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in energy law and regulation: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351068086-2.

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Prasetio, Eko A., and Elisabeth D. Kumalasari. "Local Content Policy in Indonesia Oil and Gas Industry." In Sovereign Wealth Funds, Local Content Policies and CSR, 293–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56092-8_16.

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Subai, Pereowei. "Introduction." In Local Content Oil and Gas Law in Africa, 1–3. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in energy law and regulation: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351068086-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil content"

"MedGO table of content." In 2015 International Mediterranean Gas and Oil Conference (MedGO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/medgo.2015.7330316.

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Dong, C., P. S. Hegeman, A. Carnegie, and H. Elshahawi. "Downhole Measurement of Methane Content and GOR in Formation Fluid Samples." In Middle East Oil Show. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/81481-ms.

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Abdullah El-Hady, Atef. "Effect of clay content on Tertiary oil recovery." In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.127.

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Murzagaliev, D. M. "Riftogenez and Oil–Gas Content of Sedimentary Basins." In Saint Petersburg 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145565.

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Qingxue Kong, Fei (or initial) Yu, Paul Chen, and Roger Ruan. "High oil content microalgae selection for biodiesel production." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23441.

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Makeyev, Y. V., A. P. Lifanov, and A. S. Sovlukov. "Microwave measurement of crude oil water content under inversion of water-oil emulsion." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632827.

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Huang, E. T. S. "The Effect of Oil Composition and Asphaltene Content on CO2 Displacement." In SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24131-ms.

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Sae-Tang, Sutat. "Estimation of Oil Content in Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch by Its Surface Color." In 2020 15th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isai-nlp51646.2020.9376834.

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Kusuma Arbawa, Yoke, and Candra Dewi. "Soil Nutrient Content Classification for Essential Oil Plants using kNN." In 2nd International Conference of Essential Oil Indonesia. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009957400960100.

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Juliastuti, Endang, Evan W. Tanogono, and Deddy Kurniadi. "Detection of water content in lubricating oil using ultrasonics." In 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica.2017.8068438.

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Reports on the topic "Oil content"

Olawuyi, Damilola. Local content and procurement requirements in oil and gas contracts. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670955.

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Giddings, T., and B. Farnand. Sludge derived oil fractional separation and water content report no. i. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304455.

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Alonso, Ana Paula, Erich Grotewold, and Ajay Shah. Development of Resources and Tools to Improve Oil Content and Quality in Pennycress (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513824.

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Chinn, Menzie, Michael LeBlanc, and Olivier Coibion. The Predictive Content of Energy Futures: An Update on Petroleum, Natural Gas, Heating Oil and Gasoline. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11033.

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Lee, S. W. Impact of fuel sulfur content on energy and environmental performance of oil-fired boilers supplementary document. Appendix C. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304636.

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Brian McPherson. Integrated Mid-Continent Carbon Capture, Sequestration & Enhanced Oil Recovery Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992987.

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Sassani, David, Laura Price, Ralph Rogers, Walter Walkow, Ava Johnson, and Amanda Sanchez. Update to Waste Form Performance Constraints and OWL Status and Inventory Content. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762031.

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Guo, Genliang, and S. A. and George. An Analysis of Surface and Subsurface Lineaments and Fractures for Oil and Gas Exploration in the Mid-Continent Region. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5611.

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Josefsson, S., and L. Hornquist. Context Token Encapsulate/Decapsulate and OID Comparison Functions for the Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API). RFC Editor, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6339.

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Ternan, M., and J. F. Kriz. +525°C pitch content versus microcarbon residue: a correlation for characterizing reaction products obtained by hydrocracking bitumens, heavy oils, and petroleum residua. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304439.

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