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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil desalting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Khalaf, Ali, and Mohammed Rajab. "Crude Oil Desalting Using Multi-Surfactant Based on a Best Dosage, Solvent and Mixing Ratio." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.2.04.

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Crude oil desalting is the first processing step in a refinery. The objectives of crude desalting are the removal of salts, solids, and the formation of water from unrefined crude oil before the crude is introduced in the crude distillation unit of the refinery. The experimental work is divided into three schemes covering the effect of surfactant dosage, test different types of surfactants, and the effect of salt content on desalting efficiency. The results show that the crude oil desalting efficiency, increased with increasing surfactant quantity., The results indicate that desalting efficiency has lowered with increasing the salt content in crude oil. Also, the results show that the best solvent was toluene, and the best mixing ratio of solvent was 10 Vol. %.

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2

Wang, Ping, and Chao Lin Liang. "Research on the Demulsifier and Decalcifying Agent for Crude Oils in Electric Desalting Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1289.

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Development of new and efficient demulsifier and decalcifying agent of crude oil has important significance for improving the processing properties of heavy crude oil and increase the yield of light oil. High salt and water contents of crude oil after electric desalting is easy to cause the rapid expansion of volume of water after vaporization, the gas load of distillation tower increases, interfering the smooth operation of distillation tower, A slight impact will influence the quality of products separation, serious implication form the accident of punching Tower caused by the "bumping" of water; increase energy consumption and corrosion of equipment, influence twice processing quality of raw material. In addition, in processing high acid and high calcium crude oil, the presence of naphthenic acid calcium is easy to make the chaos of electrical desaltinger operation. Metal calcium may reduce the activity of catalyst of catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, increases petroleum coke ash in delayed coking, reduces the ductility of oil asphalt, aggravates the corrosion of refinery equipment, influences the safety of production. This requires to optimize the distillation technology of desalting equipment, to develop the evaluation and selection of demulsifier and decalcifying agent and reduce the moisture and salt content of desalted crude oil.

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3

Bai, Z. S., and H. L. Wang. "Crude Oil Desalting Using Hydrocyclones." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, no. 12 (January 2007): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8762(07)73203-3.

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4

Bai, Z. S., and H. L. Wang. "Crude Oil Desalting Using Hydrocyclones." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, A12 (December 2007): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd07041.

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5

Suleymanov, B. A., A. D. Aga-zade, A. M. Samedov, M. E. Alsafarova, and A. F. Akperova. "REAGENTS FOR DEEP DESALTING OF OIL." Oilfield Engineering, no. 3 (2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30713/0207-2351-2019-3-52-55.

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6

Lewis, JohnW, ChristineM Ferrara, and IanC Watson. "Desalting oil field by-product water." Desalination 87, no. 1-3 (September 1992): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(92)80143-w.

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7

Tarantsev, K. V., S. I. Ponikarov, and K. R. Tarantseva. "Oil Desalting Processes in Electric Desalting Plants as Object of Systems Analysis." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 57, no. 5-6 (September 2021): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-021-00959-0.

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8

Ramirez-Argaez, Marco A., Diego Abreú-López, Jesús Gracia-Fadrique, and Abhishek Dutta. "Numerical Study of Electrostatic Desalting Process Based on Droplet Collision Time." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071226.

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The desalting process of an electrostatic desalting unit was studied using the collision time of two droplets in a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion based on force balance. Initially, the model was solved numerically to perform a process analysis and to indicate the effect of the main process parameters, such as electric field strength, water content, temperature (through oil viscosity) and droplet size on the collision time or frequency of collision between a pair of droplets. In decreasing order of importance on the reduction of collision time and consequently on the efficiency of desalting separation, the following variables can be classified such as moisture content, electrostatic field strength, oil viscosity and droplet size. After this analysis, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a biphasic water–oil flow was developed in steady state using a Eulerian multiphase framework, in which collision frequency and probability of coalescence of droplets were assumed. This study provides some insights into the heterogeneity of a desalination plant which highlights aspects of design performance. This study further emphasizes the importance of two variables as moisture content and intensity of electrostatic field for dehydrated desalination by comparing the simulation with the electrostatic field against the same simulation without its presence. The overall objective of this study is therefore to show the necessity of including complex phenomena such as the frequency of collisions and coalescence in a CFD model for better understanding and optimization of the desalting process from both process safety and improvement.

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9

Bykov, I. Yu, E. V. Kazartsev, and T. D. Lanina. "DESIGN JUSTIFICATION OF THE MIXING DEVICE FOR EFFECTIVIZATION OF OIL DEHYDRATION AND DESALTING." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2017-2-68-77.

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The article shows the relevance and prospects of enhancing the effectiveness of oil dehydration and desalting by optimizing hydrodynamic regime. It identified the key processes in the equipment, affecting the efficiency of dehydration and desalting of oil, distribution of demulsifier and wash water in the treated stream of oil and the possibility of their optimization through the use of advanced equipment. Is a schematic design of the mixing device based on a new approach to the organization of the dispersion component introduced in separate streams generated with straightening canals. The provisions set out in the article are the basis for the further development of the modernized design of the mixer, and the calculation of the basic operating parameters.

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10

Topilnitskij, Petro. "Corrosion protection of oil production and refinery equipment." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht01.01.045.

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The review of methods of industrial equipment corrosion prevention is presented. Application of technological means using chemical reagents and surface-active substances is considered, namely dehydration and desalting of hydrocarbon products of deposits by surface-active substances – so called demulsifiers. Corrosion inhibitors and neutralizing agents for protection of condensation-refrigeration equipment and overheads of atmospheric columns are examined. The amount of reagents to be used and the process conditions were determined.

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11

Wang, Zhiguo, Yawen Gao, Yuan Ge, and Fei Liu. "Fault Isolation for Desalting Processes Using Near-Infrared Measurements." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954172.

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Due to the important role of crude oil desalting for the whole petroleum refining process, the near-infrared spectroscopy resulting from molecular vibration is used to detect and isolate potential faults of the desalting process in this paper. With the molecular spectral data reflected by the near-infrared spectroscopy, the principal component analysis is adopted to monitor the process to see if it is in a normal operating condition or not. Considering the feature that the dimension of near-infrared spectroscopy is much larger than the sample size, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator is employed to achieve an automatic variable selection procedure of the observed spectral data. Simultaneously, if some faults occur, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator can be used to locate the spectral region affected by the failure. In such a way, the roots of faults can be tracked according to the change of the wavelength numbers. Performances of the proposed fault detection and isolation approaches are evaluated based on the near-infrared spectroscopy sampled for the crude oil desalting process to show the effectiveness.

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12

Al-Otaibi, M., A. Elkamel, T. Al-Sahhaf, and A. S. Ahmed. "Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration." Chemical Engineering Communications 190, no. 1 (January 2003): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440302094.

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13

Majumdar, S. "Fuel oil desalting by hydrogel hollow fiber membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 202, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2002): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(01)00726-8.

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14

Sellami, Mohamed Hassen, Hamza Bouguettaia, and Reda Naam. "Optimal Processing Parameters of Electrostatic Crude Oil Desalting." حوليات العلوم و التكنولوجيا 7, no. 1 (May 2015): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0042127.

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15

Shvetsov, V. N., and I. I. Kabirov. "Crude oil desalting with electric pulverization of washwater." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 28, no. 6 (June 1992): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727176.

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16

Akhmetov, Rustam F., Albina H. Mukhametyanova, Georgij M. Sidorov, Bulat A. Yakhin, Albina R. Nabieva, and Roman Yu Kondratyev. "CFD-MODELING OF A STATIC MIXER FOR OIL DESALTING." Oil and Gas Business, no. 1 (February 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2020-1-231-249.

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17

Alhajri, Ibrahim, and Mohamed Elsholkami. "Techno-economic assessment of heavy crude oil desalting plant." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 8, no. 3 (2014): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2014.065815.

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18

Hussain, Azlan Shah, Poh Gaik Law, and Jamali Basar. "Behaviour of Ionic Liquid-Derived Naphthenate Salts Under Desalting Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128704002.

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Pyrenees crude oil containing high napthenic acids (NAs) content of more than 1.6 mg KOH/g oil was treated with methyltrimethylammonium methylcarbonate [N4441][MeCO3] as to reduce its acidity to the refinery permissible limit of 0.3 mg KOH/g oil. The treated crude oils are subjected to Emulsion Stability Test (EST) as to mimic the operating conditions of a desalter. The results indicate the electrostatic conditions can facilitate the recovery of the napthenate salts post neutralization with high recovery rate of more than 79.6% with basic sediments & water (BSW) to be 1.96%. The conductivity of the treated crude oil also was found to increase as a function of temperature. The ionic liquid mediated-deacidification of crude oil can be performed under existing desalting conditions should the recovery of the naphthenate salts is acceptable at 70%.

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19

Marushkin, A. B., G. M. Sidorov, L. A. Kashapova, and B. A. Yakhin. "Influence of water solvency on oil desalting process in fields." World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin 11 (2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2071-5951-2018-0-11-18-21.

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20

Hao, Mengmeng, Zhishan Bai, Hualin Wang, and Wenjun Liu. "Removal of oil from electric desalting wastewater using centrifugal contactors." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 111 (November 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.10.017.

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21

Ye, Guoxiang, Xiaoping Lu, Pingfang Han, and Xuan Shen. "Desalting and dewatering of crude oil in ultrasonic standing wave field." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 70, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2009.11.005.

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22

YE, Guoxiang, Xiaoping LÜ, Fei PENG, Pingfang HAN, and Xuan SHEN. "Pretreatment of Crude Oil by Ultrasonic-electric United Desalting and Dewatering." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, no. 4 (January 2008): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(08)60122-6.

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23

Xu, Xinru, Jingyi Yang, Ying Jiang, and Jinsheng Gao. "Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200056651.

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24

Khutoryanskii, F. M., O. V. Alekseev, Yu V. Danchenko, and D. N. Levchenko. "Reduction of coke ash content by better desalting of crude oil." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 24, no. 10 (October 1988): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727680.

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25

Shishkova, Ivelina K., Dicho S. Stratiev, Mariana P. Tavlieva, Rosen K. Dinkov, Dobromir Yordanov, Sotir Sotirov, Evdokia Sotirova, et al. "Evaluation of the Different Compatibility Indices to Model and Predict Oil Colloidal Stability and Its Relation to Crude Oil Desalting." Resources 10, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10080075.

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Thirty crude oils, belonging to light, medium, heavy, and extra heavy, light sulfur, and high sulfur have been characterized and compatibility indices defined. Nine crude oil compatibility indices have been employed to evaluate the compatibility of crude blends from the thirty individual crude oils. Intercriteria analysis revealed the relations between the different compatibility indices, and the different petroleum properties. Tetra-plot was employed to model crude blend compatibility. The ratio of solubility blending number to insolubility number was found to best describe the desalting efficiency, and therefore could be considered as the compatible index that best models the crude oil blend compatibility. Density of crude oil and the n-heptane dilution test seem to be sufficient to model, and predict the compatibility of crude blends.

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26

Kim, S. F., N. V. Usheva, O. E. Moyzes, E. A. Kuzmenko, M. A. Samborskaya, and E. A. Novoseltseva. "Modelling of Dewatering and Desalting Processes for Large-capacity Oil Treatment Technology." Procedia Chemistry 10 (2014): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.10.075.

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27

Parvasi, P., A. Khaje Hesamedini, A. Jahanmiri, and M. R. Rahimpour. "A Novel Modeling and Experimental Study of Crude Oil Desalting using Microwave." Separation Science and Technology 49, no. 7 (May 2014): 1029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2013.871560.

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28

Luan, Xiaoli, Minjun Jin, and Fei Liu. "Fault Detection Based on Near-Infrared Spectra for the Oil Desalting Process." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 8 (May 22, 2018): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818776022.

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The fault detection problem of the oil desalting process is investigated in this paper. Different from the traditional fault detection approaches based on measurable process variables, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is applied to acquire the process fault information from the molecular vibrational signal. With the molecular spectra data, principal component analysis was explored to calculate the Hotelling T2 and squared prediction error, which act as fault indicators. Compared with the traditional fault detection approach based on measurable process variables, NIR spectra-based fault detection illustrates more sensitivity to early failure because of the fact that the changes in the molecular level can be identified earlier than the physical appearances on the process. The application results show that the detection time of the proposed method is earlier than the traditional method by about 200 min.

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29

Wu, Feiyue, and Hong Li. "Study on the divided-wall electric desalting technology for Suizhong crude oil." Desalination 307 (December 2012): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.023.

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30

Karatun, O. N., A. Yu Morozov, T. N. Fedulaeva, E. O. Yakusheva, O. V. Tanayants, and V. V. Shardiko. "Test Results of Various Demulsifiers for Preparation of High-Sulfur Stable Condensate at Astrakhan Gas Field." Oil and Gas Technologies 131, no. 6 (2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2020-131-6-11-16.

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This paper describes the search for effective demulsifiers for the destruction of water-oil emulsions at Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant, in order to increase the efficiency of the primary distillation of stable astrakhan gas condensate, which has such features as a wide fractional composition and a significant content of sulfur compounds. Studies of various types of demulsifiers in the production process were carried out, their properties and the effect on the oil-water emulsion were studied under the technological features of the operation of electric desalting and electric dehydration section of the unit of primary distillation of stable gas condensate at Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant.

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31

Liu, Guiling, Xinru Xu, and Jinsheng Gao. "Study on the Compatibility of High-Paraffin Crude Oil with Electric Desalting Demulsifiers." Energy & Fuels 17, no. 3 (May 2003): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef020166g.

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32

Liu, Guiling, Xinru Xu, and Jinsheng Gao. "Study on the Compatibility of Asphaltic Crude Oil with the Electric Desalting Demulsifiers." Energy & Fuels 17, no. 3 (May 2003): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0201679.

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33

Vafajoo, Leila, Kamran Ganjian, and Moslem Fattahi. "Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting: An experimental and theoretical study." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 90-91 (July 2012): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2012.04.022.

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34

Darwish, M. A. "Desalting fuel energy cost in Kuwait in view of $75/barrel oil price." Desalination 208, no. 1-3 (April 2007): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.025.

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35

Ye, Huangfan, Lin Chen, Yue Kou, Zuo Tong How, Pamela Chelme-Ayala, Qinghong Wang, Zhexuan An, Shaohui Guo, Chunmao Chen, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "Influences of coagulation pretreatment on the characteristics of crude oil electric desalting wastewaters." Chemosphere 264 (February 2021): 128531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128531.

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36

Tarantsev, K. V., and K. R. Tarantseva. "Influence of Turbulence on the Processes of Creation and Destruction of Water-Oil Emulsions During Crude Oil Desalting." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 53, no. 11-12 (March 2018): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-018-0406-2.

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37

Musyarofah, Suci, Puji Astuti Ibrahim, and Aldano Bridaga Putra. "ANALISA KINERJA DESALTER PADA CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT." Jurnal Migasian 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36601/jurnal-migasian.v1i2.12.

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Crude Distilation Unit (CDU) merupakan unit penting sebelum crude masuk kedalam kolom distilasi maka terlebih dahulu melalui proses desalting di desalter. Desalter merupakan unit yang dioperasikan untuk membersihkan crude oil dari kontaminan seperti, garam-garam mineral, ion-ion terlarut dan solid yang terikut pada saat pengeboran minyak. Kadungan pengotor yang terdapat pada crude oil dapat menyebabkan terjadinya korosi, pemampatan pipa dan lain sebagainya. Jika kadar garam sebagai pengotor melebihi 4ptb (jumlah minimum kadar garam dalam crude) maka crude tidak dapat lanjut ke proses berikutnya di karenakan akan merusak proses. Efisiensi kinerja desalter selama 30 hari menghasilkan angka terbaik, pada tanggal 10 april 2017 yaitu 94,153%. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena pengaruh temperatur, spesific grafity dan density yang baik sehingga hasil efisiensinya optimal

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38

Hamoudi, Maha Raoof Abdulamir, Akram Humoodi AbdulWahhab, and Sirwan Ahmed. "Investigation of the Pre-Treatment for Reducing Salt and Sediments in Khurmala Oil Field." UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v3n1y2019.pp35-46.

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Oil produced in most of the oil fields is accompanied by water in the form of an emulsion that must be treated. This water normally contains dissolved salts, principally chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. If crude oil is left without treatment, the salt will cause various operational problems. This research investigates experimentally the effect of major factors on the efficiency of the desalting process for a Khurmala crude oil in Kurdistan Region. These factors are chemical treatment, PH value of water, temperature and pressure drop. One of the factors is systematically varied when the others are constant and the efficiency is analyzed. It was found that the best desalter efficiency can be concluded when the embreak dosage is 100 ppm, PH of wash water 6.5 in average, the optimum temperature is 55°C and pressure drop of mixing valve is 1.5 bars and the best desalter efficiency was in acidified condition.

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39

Lavrova, Inna, Radislav Kishka, Stanislav Valuikin, and Vladislava Vladimirenko. "ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE USE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS DEMULSIFIER FOR ELECTRICAL OIL DESALTING." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Innovation researches in students’ scientific work, no. 40 (December 1, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2220-4784.2018.40.09.

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40

Mahdi, K., R. Gheshlaghi, G. Zahedi, and A. Lohi. "Characterization and modeling of a crude oil desalting plant by a statistically designed approach." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 61, no. 2-4 (August 2008): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2008.05.006.

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41

Ye, Huangfan, Baodong Liu, Qinghong Wang, Zuo Tong How, Yali Zhan, Pamela Chelme-Ayala, Shaohui Guo, Mohamed Gamal El-Din, and Chunmao Chen. "Comprehensive chemical analysis and characterization of heavy oil electric desalting wastewaters in petroleum refineries." Science of The Total Environment 724 (July 2020): 138117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138117.

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42

Popp, V. V., and V. D. Dinulescu. "Dehydration and Desalting of Heavy and Viscous Crude Oil Produced by In-Situ Combustion." SPE Production & Facilities 12, no. 02 (May 1, 1997): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28539-pa.

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43

Check, Gholam Reza. "Two-stage ultrasonic irradiation for dehydration and desalting of crude oil: A novel method." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 81 (July 2014): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2014.04.011.

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44

Sotelo, Carlos, Antonio Favela-Contreras, David Sotelo, Francisco Beltrán-Carbajal, and Ezequiel Cruz. "Control Structure Design for Crude Oil Quality Improvement in a Dehydration and Desalting Process." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 43, no. 11 (June 8, 2018): 6579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3360-6.

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45

Ranaee, Ehsan, Hamzeh Ghorbani, Sajjad Keshavarzian, Pejman Ghazaeipour Abarghoei, Monica Riva, Fabio Inzoli, and Alberto Guadagnini. "Analysis of the performance of a crude-oil desalting system based on historical data." Fuel 291 (May 2021): 120046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.120046.

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46

Polyakova, Ekaterina M. "Assessment of the risk of health disorders when working in an open area during the cold period of the year." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 11 (December 3, 2020): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-857-859.

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Introduction. Oil industry workers are exposed to some work environment factors of specific natural and climatic conditions. The aim of study is to conduct an assessment of the group occupational risk of health disorders in the conditions of working in open territories in cold seasons. Materials and methods. The object of the study was workers who carry out labor operations in an open area during cold seasons: operators of a desalting and dehydrating unit, mechanists of compressor units, mechanists for pumping a working agent into the reservoir and repairmen of the oil producing company located in Western Siberia. The assessment of a priori group risk from the impact of industrial noise, exposure to chemicals in the air of the work environment, while body vibration, factors of the work environment and the climate of cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas and in unheated rooms was carried out according to the combined model of professional risk assessment developed by A.V. Meltser, A.V. Kiselev. Results. We ranked the workplaces of the studied professional groups according to the degree of health hazard. It has been established that the greatest danger, from the point of view of the methodology of professional risk, is the workplace of an operator of the central tank desalting and dehydrating unit of the oil preparation and delivery unit. The leading factor for the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology within a studied enterprise is industrial noise. At the same time, the climate in cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas makes a significant contribution to the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology. Conclusions. Assessment of the a priori occupational risk of health disorders among oil company workers engaged in labor operations in an open area during a cold season made it possible to establish priority work place in which it is advisable to carry out priority medical and preventive measures. The implemented system of hygienic assessment of occupational factors should take into account the effect of the climatic and weather conditions on workers’ health in the region of residence.

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47

Tarantsev, K. V., and K. R. Tarantseva. "Influence of Electric Field Strength on the Processes of Destruction and Creation of Water-Oil Emulsions During Crude Oil Desalting." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 53, no. 11-12 (March 2018): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-018-0407-1.

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48

Tarantsev, K. V., and K. R. Tarantseva. "Effect of Electric Field Nonuniformity on the Processes of Creation and Destruction of Water-Oil Emulsions During Crude Oil Desalting." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 53, no. 11-12 (March 2018): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-018-0408-0.

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Paczuski, Maciej. "Study of demulsifiers used for crude oil desalting Badania deemulgatorów stosowanych do odsalania ropy naftowej." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2017.4.9.

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Bijani, Masoud, and Ehsan Khamehchi. "Optimization and treatment of wastewater of crude oil desalting unit and prediction of scale formation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 25 (July 2, 2019): 25621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05632-x.

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