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Academic literature on the topic 'Oil exploitation in Qatar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Aboobacker, Valliyil Mohammed, Puthuveetil Razak Shanas, Subramanian Veerasingam, Ebrahim M. A. S. Al-Ansari, Fadhil N. Sadooni, and Ponnumony Vethamony. "Long-Term Assessment of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potentials of Qatar." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041178.

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Exploitation of conventional energy resources has caused a deliberate increase in the emitted carbon in the atmosphere, which catalyzes global warming trends. This is a matter of concern, especially in Qatar, where fossil fuels (oil and gas) are largely relied upon for power production. The dependency on such resources could be gradually reduced by utilizing clean and renewable energy. Resource characterization is an important step to evaluate the potentiality of available renewable energy sources. Wind energy is one among them, which has not been assessed reliably so far in Qatar. We analyzed the wind energy potential along the onshore and offshore areas of Qatar using 40 years (1979–2018) of hourly wind data extracted from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) database. Monthly, seasonal, annual, and decadal mean wind power densities have been derived. Reliability tests have been carried out at select onshore and offshore locations. Trends and inter-annual variability have been assessed. The study reveals that the available wind resources are generally moderate but consistent with no intense trends during the 40 year period. An inter-annual variability in wind power has been identified, which has secured links with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

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Farag, Elmoubasher, Reina Sikkema, Tinka Vinks, et al. "Drivers of MERS-CoV Emergence in Qatar." Viruses 11, no. 1 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11010022.

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MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus) antibodies were detected in camels since 1983, but the first human case was only detected in 2012. This study sought to identify and quantify possible drivers for the MERS-CoV emergence and spillover to humans. A list of potential human, animal and environmental drivers for disease emergence were identified from literature. Trends in possible drivers were analyzed from national and international databases, and through structured interviews with experts in Qatar. The discovery and exploitation of oil and gas led to a 5-fold increase in Qatar GDP coupled with a 7-fold population growth in the past 30 years. The lifestyle gradually transformed from Bedouin life to urban sedentary life, along with a sharp increase in obesity and other comorbidities. Owing to substantial governmental support, camel husbandry and competitions flourished, exacerbating the already rapidly occurring desertification that forced banning of free grazing in 2005. Consequently, camels were housed in compact barns alongside their workers. The transition in husbandry leading to high density camel farming along with increased exposure to humans, combined with the increase of camel movement for the racing and breeding industry, have led to a convergence of factors driving spillover of MERS-CoV from camels to humans.

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Gierańczyk, Wiesława. "Międzynarodowe uwarunkowania pozyskiwania ropy naftowej w rejonie kaspijskim." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 10 (January 1, 2008): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.10.12.

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The development of world’s economy and the rise in world’s population are connected with a constantly growing demand for energy. The second half of the 20th century was marked by a particularly rapid increase in exploitation of fuel resources, and by a growth in the role of oil and natural gas in the structure of primary fuels utilization. Nowadays oil covers about 40% of the primary fuels utilization in the world. The richest reserves of oil are located around the Persian Gulf (about 65%). Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and Iraq provide around 30% of the world’s supply of petroleum. The instability of the region and the threat from the Muslim fundamentalism make the Western European countries and the US search for alternative sources of that fuel. The Caspian region became an area of excellent economic promises. After the collapse of the USSR and the discovery of rich oil reserves in the Caspian Sea bed, the world’s interest in the region grew significantly. The Caspian Sea oil reserves have been estimated for 163 billion barrels, which is around one fourth of the confirmed total Middle East resources.This article presents the problems of different variants of dividing the Caspian Sea, location of oil resources in the region, and the methods and location of its distribution.

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Karanisa, Theodora, Alexandre Amato, Renee Richer, Sara Abdul Majid, Cynthia Skelhorn, and Sami Sayadi. "Agricultural Production in Qatar’s Hot Arid Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074059.

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Agriculture has played an essential role in the provision of food and has been a major factor in overall economic development for societies around the world for millennia. In the past, agriculture in hot, arid countries like Qatar faced many challenges, the primary one being a dearth of water for irrigation. Historically this severely limited Qatar’s economic development, which was based largely on resource exploitation, pearl fishing, and only more recently, on the exploitation of its oil and gas reserves which subsequently has led to Qatar’s great wealth. This paper gives an overview of the recent evolution of Qatar’s agricultural sector and investigates future trends that tackle the challenges of its hot arid climate and the limited availability of agricultural resources. Specifically, the review analyses Qatar’s potential to develop a national food security strategy based on a significant expansion of food production in the country. We review recent policy actions implemented to address challenges in the food supply chain caused by a 3.5-year blockade imposed by the adjacent Arab Gulf States, discussing the renewed interest in the potential that an enhanced agricultural sector must provide some aspects of food security and the implications for policymakers that would logically ensue.

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El-Islam, M. Fakhr. "Psychiatry in Qatar." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 12 (1995): 779–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.12.779.

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Qatar is an Arab country occupying a peninsula in the middle of the Western coast of the Gulf separating Persia from Arabia. It is an oil-exporting country with a population of about 400000, 70% of which live in the capital, Doha. The increase in wealth with the discovery of oil made it possible for many young members of extended families to move away and led to the emergence of nuclear families. In spite of this geographical separation, most nuclear families consider themselves extensions of their original extended families and maintain ties with them for the purpose of consultation, e.g. to arrange marriages, buffer disputes or mediate to secure benefits.

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Alsudairi, Mohammed, and Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf. "Migration in Pre-oil Qatar: A Sketch." Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 15, no. 3 (2015): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sena.12164.

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Crystal, Jill. "Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar." Comparative Politics 21, no. 4 (1989): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/422006.

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Jaber, J. O., and S. D. Probert. "Exploitation of Jordanian oil-shales." Applied Energy 58, no. 2-3 (1997): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(97)00041-x.

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Larter, S. R., and I. M. Head. "Oil Sands and Heavy Oil: Origin and Exploitation." Elements 10, no. 4 (2014): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.4.277.

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Kakar, Fazal Rehman. "Qatar Diplomatic Crisis." Global Foreign Policies Review II, no. I (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2019(ii-i).01.

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Qatar diplomatic crisis depicts a worrisome future of not only GCC countries, but it has posed a serious challenge to the regional security apparatus. This Research paper analysis the diplomatic row occurred between Qatar and Saudi led camp. Research Paper intends to highlight the historical context of the rift and reasons for diplomatic crisis yet again. The forthcoming socioeconomic and Political consequences for region particularly Qatar and future of Gulf Cooperation Council. The Diplomatic case will assess various mediations offered to resolve the conflict including Shuttle diplomacy and back channel means and last part will delineate the fresh thaw in making prior to an attack on Saudi key national asset ARAMCO oil field and Saudi-led camp's participation in Qatar Football tournament.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Al-Kawari, I. G. "The exploitation of oil in Qatar." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234741.

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Althani, Hamad A. "Pearls and oil : global linkages and domestic income in Qatar." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337673.

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Al-Thani, Faisal F. J. "Comprehensive financial model for oil and gas field projects in Qatar." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3891/.

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Project finance is essentially the raising of finance for a new project, secured against future revenues rather than an existing corporate balance sheet or other existing assets. The completion of the project, its successful and profitable operations, is therefore the key concern for all lenders and investors. This means that all the elements influencing the costs, revenues and returns from the project are of interest when determining the finance structure. Existing financial models were not designed to cover all these essential aspects. Analysis of the projected cash flows for the deal is therefore essential, from financial close to the end of the concession or plant life, under a range of assumptions. A case study is developed using Qatar's North Field, RasGas (Ras Laffan Liquefied Gas Company) data for this purpose. This is a multi-billion dollar company set up to develop the Gas Extracting and Utilisation Project in Qatar. The projects cannot be financed from the present country revenue, and therefore, external project financing is required. Decisions have to be made regarding the amount to be raised, acceptable securities, criteria for a Target Capital Structure for all new Gas/Oil Extraction/Utilisation Projects and other related decisions. The thesis verifies and validates a unique, innovative, specific, accurate and cost saving Comprehensive Financial Model for the oil and gas industry in Qatar, to facilitate the evaluation of new projects in the future.

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Pickering, Andrew Christopher. "An empirical analysis of the exploitation of oil." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248158.

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Boosalis, William. "Exporting Oil, Importing Education: The Politics of Education in the Arabian Peninsula." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104707.

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Thesis advisor: Kathleen Bailey<br>My thesis will be analyzing the politics of education in the Gulf in order to understand why education performance remains low. The problem extends beyond Islamic culture and rentierism. These are merely factors. The problem of education stems from the government itself in mismanaged bureaucracy and the ruling family that dominates politics. My thesis will be looking closely at Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar. My approach is looking at how the Ministry of Education or other departments responsible for implementing and enforcing education policy and how they function within the state and impact education performance for students. My thesis will cover a number of themes, such as; rentierism, culture (political, traditional, etc.), and other factors that impede education and development. My conclusion is that bureaucratic mismanagement with emphasis on rentier and cultural factors are the cause of generating the mismatch of skills making students ill prepared for the globalized world. The problems of education has differed since the 1960s to the present due to how oil shape politics and development. In addition, rentierism has changed and developed and forcing the Gulf to address more societal needs than previously before. The government is the main cause and will be discussed is how this mismanagement and centralized control over education does not prepare students for the workforce in a technologically advanced world.!<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Departmental Honors<br>Discipline: Islamic Civilization and Societies

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Al-Hargan, Ali Abdulla Qassim Khamis. "Creation of a coastal zone information system for Qatar using remote sensing and GIS." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241793.

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Attah, Amewu. "The impact of oil exploitation on a Ghanaian fishing community." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/112770/.

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The likelihood that natural resource extraction will deliver benefits to inhabitants of local communities which host the extraction venture has become a salient point in the sub-Saharan African context. It is because although the continent has seen an upsurge in resource extraction activities, the continent still features prominently in the “resource curse” debate. The “resource curse” is a phenomenon where countries which have abundant natural resources such as oil and gas, perform badly in economic development and governance compared to countries with fewer resources (Humphreys et al., 2007). Although the “resource curse” is a global occurrence it is particularly prevalent in resource-rich countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the prevalence of the resource curse in Africa, international financial institutions, national governments, leaders and inhabitants of the region continue to see the extraction of natural resource as a route out of poverty, especially for local communities which host extraction activities. This thesis focuses on the case of Ghana, a new addition to the bloc of oil-producing countries to assess whether expectations of resource benefits by inhabitants of the oil region will materialise. I used a qualitative approach, so I conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Ghana’s oil and gas industry. The exploration of the social, economic and environmental impact of oil drilling and exploitation on the study community revealed that contrary to expectations of benefits, no beneficial outcomes accrued to inhabitants of the community. There were instead reports of challenges with fishing activities such as decreased fish catch levels, longer time spent at sea and the presence of seaweed which affected fishing activities negatively. The main conclusion of this thesis is that resource-rich communities who do not have the “power” cannot compel governments of developing countries to institute resource intervention projects for them. This thesis, therefore, recommends that communities must capitalise on elections which gives them “power” over governments.

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Wawryk, Alexandra Sophia. "The protection of indigenous peoples' lands from oil exploitation in emerging economies." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw346.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 651-699. "Through case studies of three emerging economies - Ecuador, Nigeria and Russia - this thesis analyses the factors present to a greater or lesser degree in emerging economies, such as severe foreign indebtedness and the absence of the rule of law, that undermine the effectiveness of the legal system in protecting indigenous peoples from oil exploitation. Having identified these factors, I propose that a dual approach to the protection of indigenous peoples' traditional lands and their environment be adopted, whereby international laws that set out the rights of indigenous peoples and place duties on states in this regard, are reinforced and translated into practice through the self-regulation of the international oil industry through a voluntary code of conduct for oil companies seeking to operate on indigenous peoples' traditional lands."

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Jolo, Hend Abdulrahman Mohamed. "Human capital formation in the State of Qatar with special reference to oil and gas-based industries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288705.

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Al-Horr, Khalid. "Political contingency and the implementation of localisation policies : a case study of the oil and gas sector in Qatar." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21105/.

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This thesis is an exploratory study that examines the political contingency and the implementation of workforce localisation policy through an intensive case study on the oil-and gas-based industries (OGBI), the most significant economic sector in Qatar. In particular, the thesis identifies the strategies and mechanisms that the government utilises in its efforts to gain commitment from public enterprises to replace its expatriate workforce with nationals. The empirical analysis focuses on three main themes: the state influence on public organisations, obstacles to localisation, and the HR practices used to enhance workforce localisation. The findings reveal that the government has adopted some innovative control strategies that are not widely acknowledged within the literature. These include its continuously reshuffling and replacement of decision-makers and key personnel in state enterprises. Moreover, the government is dominating an active role in forming OGBI strategies through appointing the Minister of Energy in the highest hierarchical positions, such as chairman and managing director, in the industries. However, state enterprises' reaction to the state-led localisation policy varies considerably. The study provides new evidence that public organisations do not always comply with politically-determined policies. The evaluation of the implementation of localisation strategy shows that there are three approaches toward what may be called 'Qatarisation', namely, strategic engagement; pragmatic acceptance and implicit avoidance. The approaches are strongly associated with understanding of the policy aims and linking of the policy to HR practices. According to the findings of this study, several policy implications have been suggested as strategies to enhance the implementation process of workforce localisation.

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Books on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Helbert, Maryse. Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Regional and Country Studies Branch. Qatar: Towards industrial diversification ofan oil-based economy. UNIDO, 1988.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Regional and Country Studies Branch. Qatar: Towards industrial diversification of an oil-based economy. UNIDO, 1988.

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Oil exploitation and human rights violations in Nigeria's oil producing communities. Intersentia, 2014.

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Figueirôa, Silvia Fernanda, Gregory A. Good, and Drielli Peyerl, eds. History, Exploration & Exploitation of Oil and Gas. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13880-6.

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Oil shales of the world: Their origin, occurrence, and exploitation. Pergamon Press, 1990.

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Seminar on oil and the Environment (1997 Port Harcourt, Nigeria). Oil exploration and exploitation, the state and crises in Nigeria's oil-bearing enclave. Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1998.

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Serebryakov, Andrey, and Gennadiy Zhuravlev. Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971768.

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The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.

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Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Institut für Geochemie, Petrologie und Lagersträttenkunde. The environmental impacts of exploitation of oil shales and tar sands. United Nations Environment Programme, 1985.

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Oil and politics in the Gulf: Rulers and merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Campbell, C. J. "Qatar." In Campbell's Atlas of Oil and Gas Depletion. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3576-1_65.

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Jessen, Henning. "Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation." In Handbook on Marine Environment Protection. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_35.

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Helbert, Maryse. "Introduction." In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_1.

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Helbert, Maryse. "The World Bank: Bringing Women to the Fore?" In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_5.

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Helbert, Maryse. "Conclusion." In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_7.

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Helbert, Maryse. "The Chad–Cameroon Pipeline: A Model Project?" In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_6.

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Helbert, Maryse. "Towards a Critical Ecofeminist Theory." In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_2.

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Helbert, Maryse. "Venezuela—The Pink Tide Experiment." In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_4.

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Helbert, Maryse. "Women in Nigeria: Mired in the Middle." In Women, Gender and Oil Exploitation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81803-6_3.

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Sanfilippo, D., and A. Paggini. "Natural Gas Exploitation: Snamprogetti Technologies Network." In The European Oil and Gas Conference. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9844-1_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Jalab, Rem, Abdelrahman M. Awad, Mustafa S. Nasser, Joel Minier-Matar, and Samer Adham. "Pilot Scale Osmotic Concentration Process for Reducing Wastewater Volumes from Gas Processing Facilities in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0080.

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Over the past 10-15 years, there has been increasing attention in the development of forward osmosis (FO) technology as a low-energy technical solution to wastewater treatment through the exploitation of the natural osmosis phenomenon across semi-permeable membrane. The significant energy benefit arises in applications where direct recovery of the permeate product from the draw solution (DS) is obviated such as in osmotic concentration (OC) process. In the current research, an OC FO-based pilot-scale unit was applied for wastewater volume reduction from oil and gas processing facilities in Qatar. The pilot unit uses seawater of 40 g/L salinity as a DS and wastewater generated during oil and gas operations as a feed. This feed water is of comparatively low conductivity (2 g/L salinity), making it unusually suited to treatment by OC. Based on FO technology principles, the feed gets concentrated at lower volume with the water permeation through the membrane, meanwhile the water transfer to DS side dilutes it. The diluted DS could be directly discharged into the ocean; so the energy intensive step of DS recovery is entirely eliminated. Two FO membranes (Toyobo and NTU) of hollow fiber configuration were tested to assess their performance and fouling propensity on both synthetic and real wastewaters. Results demonstrated that the membrane-based process can achieve feed water recoveries up to 90% without any scaling issues. Achieved water flux ranges between 1.5 to 12 LMH for feed recoveries between 60 and 90% using a constant dilution rate of the draw solution. Above all, the pilot unit maintained stable water flux of 1.62 and 6 LMH using at 75% feed recovery for over 48 hours of continuous operation Toyobo and NTU membranes respectively.

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Nasrulla, I. M., and L. A. Rana. "Planning of a Horizontal Well Offshore Qatar." In Middle East Oil Show. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21348-ms.

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Zhang, K., K. Sebakhy, K. Wu, et al. "Future Trends for Tight Oil Exploitation." In SPE North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/175699-ms.

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Predus, Marius-Florian, Florin Ionescu, and Dorian Anghel. "Insulating oil quality diagnosis in exploitation." In 2017 10th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee.2017.7905066.

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Haeseler, Frank, Fatima Mahdaoui, and Ahmad Aldahik. "Petroleum Geochemistry Serving Oil Fields Production." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eepp3089.

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Parveen, Tabassum. "Qatari Oil Revenue and Economic development." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2018.eepd1090.

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Smart, Kenny, and Kevin Blakey. "Achieving Maintenance Excellence in Maersk Oil Qatar." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-17623-ms.

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Smart, K., and K. Blakey. "Achieving Maintenance Excellence in Maersk Oil Qatar." In IPTC 2014: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.395.iptc-17623-ms.

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Vassilellis, G. "Heavy Oil Exploitation: Pushing the envelope of Enhanced Oil Recovery." In Third EAGE/SPE Workshop on Tar Mats. EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143548.

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Hussain, Ahmed. "Dukhan Field (Onshore Qatar) Uwainat Reservoir Optimum Development Scheme." In Middle East Oil Show. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25530-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Oil exploitation in Qatar"

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Balza, Lenin, Camilo De los Ríos, Raúl Jiménez, and Osmel Manzano. The Local Human Capital Costs of Oil Exploitation. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003382.

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Macauley, G., L. R. Snowdon, and F. D. Ball. Geochemistry and geological factors governing exploitation of selected Canadian oil shale deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120336.

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Aldendifer, Elise, McKenzie Coe, Taylor Faught, et al. The Safe and Efficient Development of Offshore Transboundary Hydrocarbons: Best Practices from the North Sea and Their Application to the Gulf of Mexico. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Energy, Environmental, & Natural Resource Systems, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.offshoretransboundaryhydrocarbons.

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Offshore hydrocarbon resources have been developed for many decades, and with technology improvements, many fields which were once impossible to develop, are now economically and technologically feasible. This has led to a growing difficulty in determining the legislative and regulatory framework for resources that straddle the recognized borders between two states. In this paper, we examine a successful framework agreement governing the transboundary resources between the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Norway in the North Sea, and the agreement between the United States and Mexico governing the Gulf of Mexico. Following the 2013 Energy Reform, the Mexican energy sector has been revitalized, leading to greater exploration, development, and production than ever before. This means that in the near future transboundary resources may be licensed for production, bringing the issues highlighted in this paper to the attention of multiple government and international entities. This paper seeks to recommend improvements to the transboundary framework in the Gulf of Mexico based on the successful framework agreement utilized in the North Sea. This paper begins by introducing international law for offshore resources in Part II. Part III discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the U.K. and Norway, analyzing how the two states have successfully used bilateral agreements to facilitate cooperation regarding effective exploitation and apportionment of costs from cross-boundary offshore oil and gas projects in the North Sea. Part IV discusses the offshore regulatory regimes in the United States and Mexico and analyzes the current transboundary agreement in place for the Gulf of Mexico. Part V compares the transboundary agreement governing the North Sea and the same governing the Gulf of Mexico. We highlight the major differences in the agreements and suggest changes to the Gulf of Mexico agreement based on the successful North Sea agreement. Finally, this paper concludes and provides key policy recommendations to improve the rules and regulations surrounding the exploitation of transboundary hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico.

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