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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil export to Europe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zuhdi, Daeng Ahmad Fakhrian, Muhammad Faisyal Abdullah, Muhammad Sri Wahyudi Suliswanto, and Setyo Tri Wahyudi. "The Competitiveness of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in International Market." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19, no. 1 (2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v19i1.13193.

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The purpose of this study was to know the competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO exports in the world and strategies to increase Indonesia’s CPO competitiveness. The required data is secondary data from the report of CPO export in Indonesia in 1993-2017. This research-based on the background by the issue of palm oil discrimination by the European Union, where Europe is one of Indonesia’s main CPO export destinations. This research uses a qualitative-quantitative approach, analysis with a quantitative approach is used to analyze the comparative advantage of Indonesia’s palm oil in the international

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Beketova, K. N., A. Sh Kurmash, and G. Zh Rysmakhanova. "Sanctions on Russia and Their Role in Shaping Kazakhstan’s Economic Landscape." SHS Web of Conferences 212 (2025): 04063. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202521204063.

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After Russia’s war against Ukraine, the U.S. and Western Europe imposed heavy sanctions on Russia, affecting multiple industries. Since most of Kazakhstan’s exports to Europe pass through Russia, the country faces indirect economic challenges. These sanctions create additional difficulties for Kazakh exporters.This study examines the status of key industries and export changes by analyzing Kazakhstan’s recent economy. A SWOT analysis using KazData covers major export products, including oil, natural gas, metals, wood, and agricultural raw materials.Findings reveal that sanctions on Russia have

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Pototskaya, T. I. "The geography of the “Oil pipeline wars” in the context of Russia’s interaction with the countries of the Baltic region." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2019): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-4-8.

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The article analyses oil pipelines, the operation of which intersects the interests of Russia and the Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland). By oil pipeline wars we understand the confrontation between the policy of distancing from Russia in oil transportation to Europe and Russia’s policy of creating alternative, more economically effective and safe ways of oil transportation to Europe. Reflecting relations between countries, several groups of oil pipelines have been identified: the main pipelines, alternative ones, and indirectly related to the interests of the Baltic cou

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Nemov, Vasiliy. "EXPORT OF OIL FROM RUSSIA TO THE WORLD ENERGY MARKETS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 5 (2019): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-162-167.

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The article analyzes the stable trends in the development of export supplies of oil from Russia. The laws governing the functioning of the oil industry in Russia and the transformation of the global oil supply system are investigated. The structure of directions and methods of supplying oil from Russia to the countries of Europe and Asia-Pacific regions is analyzed.

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Jamilah, Jamilah, Hafni Zahara, Emmia Tambarta Kembaren, Setia Budi, and Nurmala Nurmala. "Market Share Analysis and Export Performance of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in the EU Market." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (2022): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12690.

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This study aims to analyze the market share and export performance of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) to the European Union Market, using time series data (2000 – 2020). The Market Share Index is used to assess the condition of the Indonesian CPO market in export destination countries when compared to its competitors (Malaysia). Analysis of the performance of CPO products in the European Union market using the Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. The results show that the average growth of Indonesia's export standards to Europe is 0.1526, indicating that Indonesia is able to take advantage of

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6

Husin, Saleh, Chandra Wijaya, Hanief Saha Ghafur, Eugenia Mardanugraha, and T. M. Zakir Machmud. "Indonesian's Position in the World Vegetable Oil Trade." Economics Development Analysis Journal 12, no. 4 (2023): 472–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v12i4.75154.

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Indonesia's position as the largest vegetable oil producer is very strong in the world trade. Nonetheless, the Netherlands and Malaysia trade the Indonesian palm oil, which leads to a significant generation of profits. This research demonstrates the role of Indonesia in the global trade of vegetable oil. It illustrates the rivalry among vegetable oil producers and exporters and the dependence of vegetable oil importers on Indonesia. The annual volume data of vegetable oil production, export, and import sourced from FAO STAT in 2010-2020 were used. The data were processed and analyzed using des

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Widyaningtyas, Dian, and Tri Widodo. "ANALISIS PANGSA PASAR DAN DAYA SAING CPO INDONESIA DI UNI EROPA." Jurnal Manajemen Dayasaing 18, no. 2 (2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/dayasaing.v18i2.4510.

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Commodities of palm oil play a strategic role in the Indonesia’s economy. In this study we concern on the competitiveness of Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry and effectiveness of the potential market for Indonesia’s CPO in Uni Europe (UE). The utilization of CPO as biofuels, encouraging an significant increased of demand for CPO in UE. This study is also addressed to determine the Indonesian CPO performance among other palm oil producer country. We used the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and market share index (MSI) methods in analysing the competitiveness level. Our results sho

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Zhou, Xuanru, Hua Zhang, Shuxian Zheng, Wanli Xing, Pei Zhao, and Haiying Li. "The Crude Oil International Trade Competition Networks: Evolution Trends and Estimating Potential Competition Links." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072395.

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In the context of the economic situation, international relations, and the consequences of COVID-19, the future competition pattern of crude oil trade is uncertain. In this paper, the crude oil international import competition and export competition networks are based on a complex network model. The link prediction method is used to construct a crude oil competition relationship prediction model. We summarize the evolving characteristics of the competitive landscape of the global crude oil trade from 2000 to 2019 and explore the reasons for the changes. Finally, we forecast the future potentia

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Mou, Naixia, Yanxin Xie, Tengfei Yang, Hengcai Zhang, and Yoo Ri Kim. "The Impact of Slumping Oil Price on the Situation of Tanker Shipping along the Maritime Silk Road." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174796.

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Nearly 70% of the world’s maritime crude oil transportation relies on the Maritime Silk Road (MSR). In order to deeply explore the impact of slumping oil price on the shipping situation of tanker along the MSR, this paper establishes the relationship between monthly ship and oil price through Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. Distributions of cargo flow before and after the oil price slumped are compared to explore the changing law of tanker shipping situation. The study finds: (1) The correlation between the cargo flow situation of the tanker seaborne export and oil price, where the expor

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Hutabarat, Yoseph P. "Analisis Determinan Ekspor Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) Indonesia Ke Uni Eropa." Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi Medan 3, no. 1 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/jumansi.v3i1.2123.

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European Union (UE) is one of strategic alternative markets for Indonesia products especially for forest products and Crude Palm Oil (CPO). European Union is one of strategic alternative markers compared with other existing markets. Thus, the market can be expanded to other countries widely. Based on data of Oil World Annual & MBOP, the export of Indonesia on CPO (Crude Palm Oil) to some destination countries from 2002 until 2009 indicates that Indonesia's main exporting markets are namely European Union, India and China. In 2002 and 2007 the European Union is the second largest market for

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Editorial, E. "Corrigendum." Economic Annals 69, no. 242 (2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2442155e.

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CORRECTION TO THE PAPER GASIMLI, V., HUSEYN, R, & HUSEYNOV, R. (2024) Some terminological inaccuracies have been identified in the article ?Economywide and environmental benefits of green energy development in oil-rich countries: Evidence from Azerbaijan? published Economic Annals, 2024 69(241):41-64. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA2441041G. The sentence on page 42 ?It is attempting to implement a mega project that involves laying a pipeline under the Black Sea to export renewable energy to Europe after using it for oil and natural gas? corrected as below: ?It is attempting to implement a mega

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Filimonova, I. V. "Diversification of directions for the export of hydrocarbons from Russia in the new geopolitical conditions." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (2022): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-4-234-240.

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The paper evaluates revenues from the export of oil and oil products in the structure of federal budget revenues and the trade balance of Russia. It is shown that there is a change in development priorities - an increase in the tax burden on the domestic market through the mineral extraction tax and a reduction in trade barriers to foreign trade. The main trading partners remain the countries of Europe and the neighboring countries, however, in the long term, diversification and growth in the supply of oil and oil products from Russia is associated with the Asia-Pacific countries (China and In

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Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe, Muhittin Hakan Demir, and Sinem Dönmez. "Danish Straits versus Turkish Straits: The Potential Impact of Prospective Russian Oil Exports." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 6, no. 2 (2014): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v16i2_15.

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The Danish Straits, which connect Baltic Sea to North Sea as an oil transit choke point, are becoming vastly important as a gateway to Europe for Russian oil exports. In terms of the future source of Russian oil, the country is estimated to hold half of the total Arctic resources. This indicates the forthcoming increase in the importance of Danish Straits in the global energy security. Besides, two additional alternative and important choke points are located in Turkey, which are the Straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles, known as Turkish Straits. These straits are also one of the significant ex

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Mammadli, Sh. "COOPERATION BETWEEN POLAND AND AZERBAIJAN IN THE SARMATIA ENERGY PROJECT." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 86 (May 23, 2025): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15494283.

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The Eurasian Oil Corridor project, designed to transport oil from the Caspian Sea region to Western and Central Europe via the Odessa-Brody-Płock-Gdańsk oil pipeline and onward to the port of Wilhelmshaven (northwestern Germany), was of great importance at the beginning of the 21st century. TheOdessa-Brody pipeline was planned as an alternative route for transporting Caspian oil to Europe through Ukraine and Poland, bypassing Russian territory. It was intended to supply Polish refineries in Płock and Gdańsk. At various summits, heads of state conducted a comprehensive review of the project, ca

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Levkevich, R. E., and S. V. Senotrusova. "RAW MATERIAL EXPORTS OF RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY." International Trade and Trade Policy 8, no. 1 (2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-1-94-105.

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The article analyzes the export of commodity group 27 of the EAEU TN VED for mineral fuel, oil and products of their distillation. Various variations in the volume and structure of energy exports to Russia's main trading partners: China, Germany and the Netherlands in terms of hydrocarbon commodity positions for 2011–2020 are investigated. The share of export supplies of hydrocarbons to China in 2020 was 20%, which is the highest in recent years, and this is due to the constant increase in demand for energy from China due to the high rates of industrial development in the country. The share of

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16

Hough, Jerry F. "Attack on protectionism in the Soviet Union? A comment." International Organization 40, no. 2 (1986): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027211.

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Unlike the other countries in what we tend to call “the Soviet bloc,” the Soviet Union benefited financially from the oil crises of the 1970s, for it was a major petroleum and natural gas exporter. The oil crises also benefited the Soviet Union indirectly as a number of radical Third World oil producers acquired money to buy more Soviet arms. Moreover, the windfall increase in petroleum prices was supplemented by a similar windfall increase in the price of the other major Soviet export product, gold. The subsidies that the Soviet Union provided to Eastern Europe did not entail any sacrifice of

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17

Qi, Junhao. "An Analysis of the Energy Crisis under the Ukraine Conflict." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 46, no. 1 (2023): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/46/20230328.

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The Ukraine Conflict has had far-reaching implications for energy security, geopolitical dynamics, and various sectors. This study examines the impact of the conflict on Russias energy supply chain to Europe, specifically in terms of natural gas, oil, and coal. Before the conflict, Russia played a crucial role in supplying Europe with natural gas, oil, and coal through pipeline networks, maritime transportation, and export routes. However, the conflict disrupted these supply chains and resulted in significant price fluctuations. The conflict led to economic and energy sanctions imposed on Russ

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Deng, Yawen, Xiaoqi Liu, Chenxi Fu, and Tianchen Liang. "What Was the Effect of the Ukraine War on Oil and Gas Companies and Oil Prices." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 182, no. 1 (2025): 206–16. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.24650.

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Politics affects the economy, and the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict has an important impact on the energy market. To what extent does war affect oil and gas companies and oil prices, and how does the fluctuation of oil prices change under the influence of war? This study uses event study method and data analysis to analyze the causal relationship and degree of impact between the Russia Ukraine war and oil prices. The analysis shows that in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, geopolitical tensions continue, global oil supply is unstable, domestic crude oil production is declin

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Mammadli, Sh. "AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, AND UKRAINE COOPERATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC PROJECT "SARMATIA"." Scientific heritage, no. 122 (October 6, 2023): 20–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8412790.

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The project of the Eurasian Oil Corridor, designed to transport oil from the Caspian Sea region to Western and Central Eu rope via the Odessa-Brody-Plosk-Gdansk oil pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven (Northwest Germany), was of great importance at the beginning of the 21st century. In January 2008, the Azerbaijani State Oil Company, the Georgian “Oil and Gas Corporation”, and the Lithuanian company “Klaipeda Nafta” joined the Polish-Ukrainian joint consortium created on the basis of the Polish pipeline company "Sarmatia". According to the contract, the cons

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Volkov, A. M. "Contemporary Foreign Economic Relations of Russia with the Countries of Northern Europe." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 3 (2021): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-10.

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Recently new problems have arisen that have complicated Russia’s foreign economic relations with foreign countries. The countries of Northern Europe were no exception. The economic situation in many countries was far from optimal. Problems with economy took place in the euro area. A significant drop in oil prices led to a slowdown in economic growth in the Russian Federation and a sharp decline of ruble exchange rate. Since 2014, various Western sanctions have emerged, followed by retaliatory sanctions from Russia. Against this background, the analysis of the dynamics of Russian economic relat

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Gasimli, Vusal, Ramil Huseyn, and Rashad Huseynov. "Economy-wide and environmental benefits of green energy development in oil-rich countries: Evidence from Azerbaijan." Ekonomski anali 69, no. 241 (2024): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2441041g.

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Azerbaijan, which is an oil/ gas-rich country, has been taking full advantage of its energy potential and taking steps towards creating green energy and turning it into an export. The Green Energy Corridor, in which Azerbaijan plays the main role, aims to connect Azerbaijan with Europe in its first stage. In the second stage, this corridor will connect Central Asia with Europe, which will involve the laying of an electric cable under the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. This will allow Azerbaijan and other Central Asian countries to export zero-carbon electricity to the European market. If Azerb

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Goodland, Robert. "How Libya could become environmentally sustainable." Libyan Studies 39 (2008): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900010049.

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AbstractThe main factors to be tackled if environmental sustainability becomes Libya's national goal are: first, to base desalination and pumping on renewable energy (e.g., solar, wind); second, to invest oil receipts to export solar electricity; and third, to achieve these two before oil or water are depleted. Because water is paramount for sustainability and economic development, if pumping fossil water and desalination become based on renewable energy, then low-cost freshwater can become the basis for sustainability. As Libya is so well placed to generate solar electricity, the most sustain

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Kapustin, Nikita O., and Dmitry A. Grushevenko. "A long-term outlook on Russian oil industry facing internal and external challenges." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019044.

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Russian petroleum industry plays a vital part in both the country’s economy and international hydrocarbon market, providing a third of state budget revenues and over 13% of global liquid hydrocarbon exports. Yet, nowadays the industry is facing a number of serious challenges, which threaten to undermine its sustainability. These challenges include depletion of the conventional oil resources, technological and economic sanctions and stagnating demand for liquid fuels, especially apparent in Russian traditional export destinations – Europe. The authors attempted to evaluate the impact of these i

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Chuvakhina, Larisa G. "CONSEQUENCES OF THE SANCTIONS POLICY ON THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OF RUSSIA FOR THE US AND EU ECONOMIСS". Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, № 107-108 (2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2022-107-108-03.

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The article is devoted to the sanctions policy of the USA and the countries of the European Union in relation to the Russian oil and gas sector. The restrictive measures taken by Western countries in order to change the gas and oil geopolitics in Europe are considered. It is emphasized that the formal renunciation of Russian oil does not mean the final cessation of purchases of Russian oil and oil products. American and European companies intend to continue buying Russian oil using workarounds. As a retaliatory measure of Russia, the Russian banking scheme of payment for export gas supplies to

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Nurrochmat, NA, I. Indrawati, U. Adzkia, and M. Ekayani. "Market competitiveness of sunflower seed and oil products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1379, no. 1 (2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1379/1/012024.

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Abstract Sunflower seed is one of the most widely traded products in the world, with total trade amounting to 20.36 million metric tons of total vegetable oil production in 2023. Sunflower seed is usually used as a material for cooking oil and food products, biofuel, cosmetics, and other derivates. Due to climate change and the fossil fuel energy crisis in Europe, the need for vegetable oil has increased; one is sunflower oil. Therefore, this research aims to identify the global sunflower market from its largest producing countries. This study uses primer data from interviews in some of the la

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Lisachkina, Yu S. "Retrospective analysis of exporting agricultural processing industry products." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 12 (February 2, 2024): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-12-101-113.

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The Russian exports of processed food products analysis since 2014 has revealed a stable growth in this area, corresponding to the general dynamics of domestic agricultural products sales in the world market. At the same time, the share of processed food products in the total volume of domestic exports from 2014 to 2021 increased from 1.7 to 3.1%, which is a favorable factor in reducing the mineral-raw materials orientation of Russia’s foreign trade. The increase in processed products exports contributes to the export-oriented nature of the domestic food industry, which grew from 6.5 to 11.6 %

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Kozmenko, S. Yu. "ECONOMIC DOMINATION OF RUSSIA ON THE WORLD OIL MARKET." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 68, no. 2/2020 (2020): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.2.2020.68.006.

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The article examines the trends in Russia’s positioning on the world oil energy market in the 20thand early 21stcenturies, defines the role of oil in generating oil and gas revenues for the Federal budget of the Russian Federation, and shows the mechanism for filling the budget during tax maneuvers. The reasons for the occurrence of “oil dependence” of the Russianeconomy and the objective need to maintain such a situation during the period of overcoming consequences of the new coronavirus pandemic, that is, in conditions of a general decline in oil demand, are substantiated.In the 1980s, the s

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Ibrayeva, Aigerim, Raikhan Tashtemkhanova, Aigerim Ospanova, Baubek Somzhurek, and Aiman Azmukhanova. "Energy Export Potential in the Caspian Region and Its Impact on EU Energy Security." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 25, no. 2 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.10644.

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Energy security has emerged in recent years as one of the cornerstones of the European Union’s (EU’s) foreign policy. The EU is highly dependent on imports of oil and gas, 35 per cent of which comes from Russia. Diversification of energy supplies is thus a key goal for the EU. The Caspian region contains some of the largest undeveloped oil and gas reserves in the world. The intense interest shown by the major international oil and gas companies testifies to its potential. Although the area is unlikely to become “another Middle East”, it could become a major oil supplier at the margin, much as

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Drobitko, Antonina, Tetiana Manushkina, Mykola Samoilenko, and Alla Bondar. "State and Prospects of Essential Oils Production in Ukraine and the World." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2025): 894–918. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080138.

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The study aimed to determine the economic efficiency of production and export potential of essential oil crops in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, a detailed analysis of the cultivation areas of the leading essential oil crops, such as narrow-leaved lavender, lavandin, peppermint, clary sage, hyssop, lemon balm and catnip, was conducted. The analysis examined trends in major markets, including Europe, North America, and Asia, and used this data to evaluate the competitive advantages and disadvantages of Ukrainian essential oil producers compared to those from other countries. The study found tha

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Kun, Tamás. "Social Engineering in Europe’s Energy Crisis?" CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES 25, no. 1 (2023): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmc-2023-0006.

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Abstract Today’s conflict of interests can be traced back to the Cold War. The present article reviews the past and current situation in Europe’s energy crisis from the start of the Russia-Ukraine war to its first anniversary. Since the US had the capability to export energy to its allies in Europe, they were able to use this opportunity to create a distance between themselves and Moscow in energy issues. The US has outrun Russia in the oil export race in recent years, and to counter this competitive threat, Russia had to act. Different narratives appeared in media reports on energy issues aft

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Hämäläinen, Esa, Olli-Pekka Hilmola, and Andres Tolli. "North European Export Industry and the Shadows of Sulphur Directive." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 17, no. 1 (2016): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2016-0002.

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Abstract EU Directive of MARPOL Annex VI and its economic impact on the Nordic paper industry is theme of this research work. Empirical data for analysis purposes was gained from a large Nordic paper mill that exports bulk products mainly to Europe (70 % of its volume). The study shows that in the end the industry’s location still has an economical effect, and that the location has a distinct impact on competition through rising transportation costs. Environmental regulation continues and fosters long-term upwards trajectory of transportation cost, which has been experienced by the paper mill

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Mbah, Ruth Endam, and Divine Wasum. "Russian-Ukraine 2022 War: A Review of the Economic Impact of Russian-Ukraine Crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 3 (2022): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.93.12005.

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The popular belief worldwide is that the global financial sanctions unleashed on Russia, the seizure of assets and properties of the oligarch friends to President Putin for Russia’s current attack on Ukraine will cripple the Russian economy and hinder any further attack on Ukraine. This is logical reasoning, however, the impact of this crisis extends to the global economy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review the economic impact of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war on key global economic actors, specifically, countries that have unleashed financial sanctions on Russia as punishment like the

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Abdallah, Ismail, Hamed Alhosin, Mohamed Belarabi, Sanae Chaouki, Nousseiba Mahmoud, and Jad Tayah. "A Pan-Asian Energy Transition? The New Rationale for Decarbonization Policies in the World’s Largest Energy Exporting Countries: A Case Study of Qatar and Other GCC Countries." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153776.

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Climate change has become a major agenda item in international relations and in national energy policy-making circles around the world. This review studies the surprising evolution of the energy policy, and more particularly the energy transition, currently happening in the Arabian Gulf region, which features some of the world’s largest exporters of oil and gas. Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and other neighboring energy exporters plan to export blue and green hydrogen across Asia as well as towards Europe in the years and decades to come. Although poorly known and understood abroad, this recent strateg

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Filimonova, Irina V., Vasily Yu Nemov, Irina V. Provornaya та Anastasia V. Chebotareva. "ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ВЕКТОР СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ АЗИАТСКО-ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ". Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 54, № 1 (2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2020-1/15-29.

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В статье проанализирована роль Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона в экспорте нефти и газа из России. Оценен экспортный потенциал восточных регионов России. Уделено внимание транспортной инфраструктуре экспортного назначения, охарактеризован трубопроводный транспорт на востоке России, проанализирована доля объёма транспортировки углеводородов в совокупном производстве энергоносителей в России. Изучена динамика изменения стоимостной структуры экспортируемых энергоносителей из России. Авторами исследована также структура потребления и производства энергоносителей в странах АТР, Северной Америки и Ев

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Olkuski, Tadeusz, Adam Szurlej, and Barbara Tora. "The trade of energy commodities between the European Union and the United States – crude oil and natural gas." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 32, no. 4 (2016): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2016-0035.

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AbstractThe trend towards globalization can be observed for many years. It is reflected by the ongoing elimination of trade barriers between countries and the introduction of a system of mutual recognition of quality standards. The best example is the European Union, where a common market for many industries has been developed. Such a common market has already existed before in the United States of America and that this is why the negotiations on the merger of the largest and most developed economies in the world started in 2013. The currently negotiated agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and

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OSIPOVA, Larisa. "DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT IN THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE WAR: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE WAYS OF THEIR ELIMINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 312, no. 6(2) (2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(2)-9.

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The article is devoted to the study of the consequences of the full-scale war in Ukraine as a factor, the reduction of its key export positions, and the identification of ways to support national exporters. The article examines the dynamics and current state of Ukraine’s exports, which play an important role in its economy. The traditionally dominant raw material positions in the structure of domestic exports were noted. It shows the reduction of Ukrainian exports in all product groups with the beginning of the full-scale war, and practically cessation in some traditionally key positions (expo

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Cantyani, Kasistha, Jason Matthew, Sesilia Rainaputri Jans, and Aureishia Huang. "The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Indonesia and the European Union in Export Commodity Disputes." Jurnal Sentris 4, no. 1 (2023): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6794.86-100.

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Nickel ore export ban has been imposed by Indonesia as the leading actor on the global nickel supply chain which created a disruption and has not been perceived well by other countries, especially the European Union (EU) countries. This paper will analyze the implications caused by the export ban to EU countries and the actions following it, including the enactment of the palm oil ban. Starting with the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel, the EU’s strategy of forcing Indonesia to lift the export ban has not yet succeeded. With the tit-for-tat strategy, this paper identifies the EU’s palm oil

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Sitnicki, M., and D. Kurinskyi. "SIGNING OF THE TRIPARTITE GRAIN AGREEMENT AS A SOLUTION TO THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF THE UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 221 (2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2022/221-4/8.

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The study evaluates the effects of the “grain agreement” to unblock grain exports during Russian aggression. The paper starts with an analysis of the existing export potential before the start of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. Wheat exports accounted for 12% of all world exports, barley accounted for 15–20%, and sunflower oil was over 50% of world exports. Seaport international shipping provided export of 5–6 million tons per month. In particular, the ports of Mykolaiv, Odesa, and Chornomorsk in 2021 ensured the transportation of 49.5 million grain out of 51,2 million tons. The struc

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Downing, D. O. "Canadian Coal in International Markets." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 4 (1986): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400403.

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Canada represents a comparatively unique case in the world coal industry, being a significant importer of both metallurgical and thermal coals as well as an exporter. The vast distances between the major coal producing areas in western Canada and the industrial heartland to the east, and commensurate high freight costs explain this apparent dichotomy. Eastern US coals supply much of the industrial requirement in eastern Canada, chiefly the Province of Ontario, the major consumer of imported coals. Only about 25% of this requirement is met with western Canadian coal. Overall, Canada is not a co

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Kozmenko, A. "Arctic oil and the eastern direction of Russia's energy policy." SHS Web of Conferences 84 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208403004.

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The article describes the main features of Russia’s position in the traditional and promising oil markets of Europe and China in the context of the importance of oil and gas income in the country’s economy in the formation of the Federal budget of the Russian Federation. The resource base of the eastern direction of oil transportation “Polar region - Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean” is evaluated and the geo-economic feasibility of increasing oil supplies to China is justified. At the same time, the developed resource base the West Siberian oil and gas province will not be enough to ensure grow

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Goggin, Kirstie A., and Denis J. Murphy. "Monitoring the traceability, safety and authenticity of imported palm oils in Europe." OCL 25, no. 6 (2018): A603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018059.

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This article describes the challenges of regulating and monitoring traceability and certification systems, and of ensuring the safety and authenticity of foodstuffs imported into Europe, particularly focusing on palm oils. Several measures have been implemented within palm oil supply chains to ensure that traceability can be monitored. However, these supply chains can be highly complex and, more often than not, full traceability is not achievable for stakeholders who only have access to existing systems. In Europe, measures for authenticity of palm oils are not presently as robust as those for

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Usman, Usman, Bachtiar Akob, and Tengku Muhammad Sahudra. "ACEH EAST COAST COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (HISTORICAL STUDY AND EXISTENCE OF KUALA LANGSA PORT AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF 1900-2018)." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 15, no. 1 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v15i1.42676.

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The Port of Kuala Langsa in 1920 had a great opportunity for economic development during the Social Pacificization period, in addition to the interests of the Netherlands and the people of the east coast. trade routes: Asia and Europe. This port is supported by land transportation. Atjeh Tram Langsa supplies goods from the north coast straight to the port of Kuala. Atjeh Tram Tamiang took part in supplying rubber and palm oil commodities to the port of Kuala during the Dutch era for export-import trade abroad. Between 1916 and 1930, the export of traditional crops such as betel nut, 942,591 to

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Zhang, Hao, Zhehua Zhang, Jun Jiang, Yu Gao, and Xinyan Wang. "Research on Sales Prediction of New Energy Vehicles Based on BP Neural Network." International Research in Economics and Finance 6, no. 2 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i2.1180.

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Due to the depletion of traditional Chinese renewable energy sources such as crude oil, increased pollution and the endogenous transformation and upgrading of China's economy and society, the flourishing of China's new energy vehicle business is an inevitable requirement for a flourishing low-carbon and green economy. In the context of the global green transformation and the new double-cycle economic development, the flourishing of the new energy vehicle industry is an inevitable requirement for the development of a low-carbon and green economy, and is a necessary path for China to move from a

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Kim, Sang-Hyun, Yeon-Yi Lim, Dae-Wook Kim, and Man-Keun Kim. "Swing Suppliers and International Natural Gas Market Integration." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184661.

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This study explores the international natural gas market integration using the Engle–Granger cointegration and error correction model. Previous studies have suggested that liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil-linked pricing with a long-term contract have played key roles in gas market integration, especially between European and Asian markets. There is, however, little discussion of the role of the emergence of a swing supplier. A swing supplier, e.g., Qatar or Russia, is flexible to unexpected changes in supply and demand in both European and Asian markets and adapts the gas production/exports

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Ichlas El Qudsi, Mohammad, Indra Kusumawardhana, and Volodymyr Kyrychenko. "The Garuda Strikes Back : Indonesian Economic Diplomacy to Tackle European Union Protectionism on Crude Palm Oil." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 1, no. 2 (2020): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol1.iss2.2020.110-135.

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Abstract This paper analyzes Indonesia's economic diplomacy in overcoming trade barriers to Indonesian palm oil commodities carried out by the European Union. Until now, the Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry has experienced tremendous pressure from the European Union (EU) as one of the main export destinations for Indonesian CPO. In order to secure Indonesia's national interests, instead of taking a cooperative approach, the Indonesian government has responded to the EU's discriminatory attitude towards palm oil commodities with a series of assertive economic diplomacy approaches. This

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Zhukov, S., I. Kopytin, A. Maslennikov, O. Reznikova, and M. Sinitsyn. "Transformation of World Oil Market: Drivers and Prospects." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 10 (2023): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-10-5-18.

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The world oil market is in the process of profound transformation. Under the influence of both long-term trends and recent exogenous shocks in the form of the global coronavirus pandemic and the geopolitical crisis around Ukraine, global oil demand, world oil production and trade in crude oil and petroleum products are being transformed in real time. The main driver of the restructuring of the oil market is the approaching risk of peak of global oil demand. On the supply side strengthening the position of the United States in world oil production, which is the result of technological breakthro

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Sasmi, Dini Tiara. "INDONESIA GOVERNMENT'S EFFORT TO FACE EU DIRECTIVE REGULATION CONCERNING PALM OIL IN EUROPE." Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) 1, no. 2 (2020): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/fetrian.1.2.262-284.2019.

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This article describes Indonesian Government effort dealing with new regulation in European Union, namely EU Directive which prohibit palm oil use for biodiesel. The European Commission has concluded in a regulation that palm oil use in biofuels will be reduced to zero by 2030. This regulation is based on allegations against oil palm plantation that causes excessive environmental damage. Environmental issues that arise as a result of the growing awareness of the international community in preserving the earth are often contrary to the wishes of a country in developing its economy. Campaigns fr

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Singh, Rajdeep. "Iran and Future European Union Gas Supply: Sociolinguistic Element of Iranian Gas Export Media Debate." English Linguistics Research 8, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v8n3p1.

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While Iran possesses one of the biggest gas reserves in the world, Iranian media debate about gas export has been concentrated around the gas pipe line strategy. On the other hand, Iran is not even yet a gas export country despite having such big gas reserves and this begs the question as to why Iran has not been successful in providing European Union with gas. Our research deals with this question and explains the future prospect of Iran-European Union cooperation in energy sector. Our main hypothesis in this research is then formulated as follows: Iranian media has been mostly captured by pr

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Serry, Arnaud. "Containerisation in the Baltic Sea Region: Development, Characteristics and Contemporary Organisation." European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no. 1 (2019): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.1.01.

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The main focus of the paper is on the container system development in the Baltic Sea Region studying cotemporary changes and organisation, as well as explaining the main driving forces of this situation. The Baltic Sea is a transport corridor between Eastern and Western Europe. Over the last decade maritime transport in the Baltic Sea area has changed significantly. The disintegration of the Soviet Union forced Russia to start developing its own Baltic ports and terminals and to find new routes to export its oil and gas. The Baltic ports have welcomed a remarkable growth, especially in o

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Borovsky, Yury Viktorovich. "International Dimension of Contemporary U.S. Energy Policy: Challenges for Russia and the World." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (2019): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-341-353.

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Since the mid-2000s, the American energy industry has undergone profound changes. Having made the so-called shale revolution and achieved impressive results in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy, the United States of America has not only radically reduced its dependence on imported hydrocarbons, but has begun to increase exports of these commodities. Given the economic weight of the U.S., such changes have significantly transformed the global energy market, requiring leading oil and gas exporters (including Russia) to take non-standard steps (for example, the OPEC+ deal). They

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