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Naser, Hanan. "An econometric investigation of forecasting GDP, oil prices, and relationships among GDP and energy sources." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7041/.
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In order for a policy to be effective, the links between the policy tools and the sub- sequent targets must be known, understandable, stable, and predictable. In this respect, this thesis is composed of three separate yet related empirical studies, that target important macroeconomic variables, which play a central role in the conduct of macroeconomic policies. First, simple regression estimates and a factor-based model are utilized to produce forecasts for Bahrain quarterly GDP growth using quarterly data-set that cover the period from 1995: Q1 to 2008: Q3. To do so, we run a simple regression model using a small data-set including six explanatory variables carefully selected based on in-sample correlation with the target variable. Alternatively, a factor model based on 65 indicators is employed to forecast Bahrain GDP growth. Using simulated out- of-sample experiments we assess and compare the performance of both approaches. The main finding from our forecasting experiment is that the best forecasting performance can be reached using simple regression estimates with a carefully selected small set of variables. In particular, by looking at point and density nowcasts, we find that a simple regression model that use industrial production as an indicator are more accurate than a static factor approach that uses over 65 variables. The official flash estimates of Bahrain quarterly GDP are published with a delay of 90 days after the end of the reference quarter. Our flash estimates, based on simple regression model, reduce the lag to 54 days. Second, we aim to forecast West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices using a large monthly data-set that cover the period from March 1983 to December 2011. To achieve this aim, forecasting with factor models offer a usual approach that utilizes large data-sets, however; a forecasting model which simply includes all factors in state space equation and do not allow for time varying may be not suitable with a highly volatile market such as oil market. To overcome these limitations, we employ an approach that accounts both for parameter and model uncertainty. In particular, we implement the the Dynamic Model Averaging (DMA) approach suggested by Koop and Korobilis (2012). The key element of the DMA approach is that it allows both for model and parameter to vary at each point of time. By doing so, the DMA is robust to structural breaks. Empirical findings show that DMA approach outperforms any other alternative model used in the forecasting literature. We show that there is model but not parameter variation. Finally, we find that the DMA approach provides a better proxy of expected spot prices than future prices. Third, the Johansen cointegration technique is used to examine the long-run relationship between oil consumption, nuclear energy consumption, oil price and economic growth for eight countries over the period from 1965 - 2010. The countries investigated are divided into two groups. The first group includes four industrialized countries: USA, Canada, Japan and France, while the second group includes four emerging economies: Russia, China, South Korea and India. Results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between the four variables. Exclusion tests show that at least one energy source enter the cointegration space significantly, which im- plies that energy a long-run impact on economic growth. The emerging economies found to be heavily dependent on both oil and nuclear energy consumption. We also examine the causal linkage between the variables through exogeneity test. There is evidence of a unidirectional causality between energy consumption (oil or nuclear) and economic growth in all investigated countries. Our findings have important pol- icy implications that should be taken into account in designing appropriate energy policies. Energy conservation policies might have drawbacks or damaging repercus- sions on economic growth for this group of countries.
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Gonzalez, Aaron, and Sherzod Nabiyev. "Oil price fluctuations and Its effect on GDP growth." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8065.
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During the year of 2008, the world has experienced historically high oil prices reaching an all time high of 147 USD per barrel in midsummer. The extreme volatility of what is consider the number one source of energy reopened discussions about energy sustainability and the plausible effects of an oil shock in the global economy.
How reliable oil price is as an economic variable predicting fluctuations in GDP growth remains controversial. Several models have been developed by scholars targeting different relations between oil price and GDP growth, from its effects on stock markets to its effect to unemployment. The authors extended the model of Mork & Olson (1994) since it focuses on the consequences that an oil shock effect on GDP growth. The model is extended from 1993 to the third quarter of the year 2008 in order to draw conclusions and test crude oil prices fluctuations affect GDP growth in the modern economy.
The U.S.A and Sweden were chosen to compare their GDP sensitiveness to oil price volatility. The reason is that the U.S.A remains as the largest economy and consumes 25% of the oil produced in the world and is the most oil dependent among developed countries according to the EIA. Sweden on the contrary energy efficient and consumes relatively less oil per capita than many developed countries, it is also believed to be one of the most progressive countries in developing and using renewable energy resources and therefore less sensitive. The bivariate results does not show a pattern of negative correlations for Sweden between GDP growth and real oil price increases, however the U.S.A showed to be more sensitive to oil price increases.
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Bauch, Jacob H. "The Impact of Oil Prices on the U.S. Economy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/146.
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Nine of the ten recessions since WWII have been preceded by relatively large and sudden increases in the price of oil. In this paper, I use time series analysis to forecast GDP growth using oil prices. I use the methodology from Hamilton (2009), and extend the dataset through 2010. Impulse response functions are used to analyze the historical performance of the model’s one-year-ahead forecasts. In April, 2011, the International Monetary Fund changed its forecast of 2011 GDP growth in the U.S. from 3.0% to 2.8% largely due to persistently high oil prices. My model suggests that the price increase in 2011Q1 will lead to growth of 2% in 2011. Furthermore, my model predicts that a 54% increase in crude oil prices during the second quarter of 2011 will lead the U.S. into a double dip recession.
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Kilic, Sebastian, and Filip Bengtsson. "Oil price shocks on Swedish economy : Case study on the oil's effect on a small country." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65322.
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We estimate the macroeconomic performance in terms of inflation and GDP growth of Sweden in relations to oil price shocks, focusing on the differences across two periods, pre and post 2008. By using a Vector Error Correction model and linear hypothesis testing we can see short term and long term correlations between the nominal oil price and three dependent variables, GDP, CPI and GDP deflator. Our hypothesis is that the effects of oil price shocks are indifferent across our estimation period and this would be in line with previous literature. We find that the macroeconomic factors of GDP and inflation responds differently post 2008 and by using impulse response functions (IRFs) we can see how the dependent variables responds to an oil price shock. They show that oil shocks have permanent effects in GDP and GDP deflator but transitory effects in CPI, we found short run causality for GDP and CPI but not for GDP deflator.
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Schoff, Austin Perez. "Are Oil Prices Important to U.S. Manufacturers?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1527.
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Very little has been written about the effect that oil prices have on manufacturing output in the United States. This paper aims to shed light about the effect of oil prices, oil imports, and GDP on U.S. manufacturing output through a four-variable vector autoregression and explain the timing of these shocks through impulse response functions. Empirical results find that oil prices are significant in determining manufacturing output, but manufacturing output is also significant in determining oil prices.
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Akaakar, Alexandra A. "OIL DEPENDENCY AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY: A CASE FOR NIGERIA." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2482.
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Food insecurity is a condition of insufficient access to quality nutritious food; it is often rooted in shocks that interrupt the food production/distribution system in an area. Amidst the capabilities of Nigeria's agricultural system, the number of households across Nigeria experiencing food shortages has increased rapidly. The main reason for this increase were price shocks. This incident highlighted a huge vulnerability in Nigeria's food system, the vulnerability to price shocks. Incidences such as poverty and conflicts magnify the frequency of food insecurity. The ability to reduce vulnerabilities while addressing existing issues in food production and supply depends on a stable economy and innovative policy. As a major oil exporter, Nigeria's economy is affected by oil price fluctuations. This paper analyses the extent of the effect and how such volatility could increase vulnerability in the food system. The analysis in this treatise examines economic and agricultural factors to identify trends that negatively affect Nigeria's current food system.. Oil prices were significant in explaining variation in food price shocks and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Food price shocks are one of the symptoms of economic downturns. Agricultural innovation, and economic policies need to be formulated to prevent such shocks in the future. Given the dependency of economic performance on oil prices, a major move would be to diversify the Nigerian economy; with adequate attention being paid to agriculture.
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Restrepo, Valeria. "The impact of oil price surges on economic growth." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/500.
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The objective of this research concerns identifying whether or not there is a relationship between oil price increases in a given quarter and the likelihood of a recession in the subsequent quarter. The data used is gathered from the St. Louis Fed's Fred II, the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the Energy Information Administration to generate modified variables. These variables are tested using a qualitative dependent variable, recession, in a binary choice model. The findings validated the assumption that oil prices do have a correlation with recessions, and that the relationship is a direct one. Based on the model, an increase in the price of oil will positively affect the likelihood of a "recession" outcome versus the alternative, "no recession". It is anticipated that the results will inspire future research into the causes and effects of oil price surges, as well as the determinants of economic contractions in the future based on policy decisions and economic decision-making practices in the present.B.A.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Economics
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Neto, Tónia Vanessa Barros de Freitas. "Impacto da variação do preço do petróleo na economia angolana." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14992.
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Mestrado em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e EmpresarialO presente estudo contribui para o conhecimento da relação existente entre o petróleo e o desempenho económico de Angola. A componente teórica desta dissertação faz uma revisão da literatura sobre estudos acerca da relação entre o petróleo e o desempenho económico de países específicos ou grupos de países. É também feito um estudo da evolução económica de Angola, bem como as alterações verificadas nos indicadores económicos do país, face às alterações registadas na atividade petrolífera. Foram utilizadas observações anuais para o período [1990-2015]. Estimou-se um modelo de regressão linear que relacionou a variável dependente Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), com as duas variáveis independentes principais, nomeadamente, o preço e a producão de petróleo, e algumas variáveis de controlo, tais como a taxa de câmbio, exportações e inflação. De forma a garantir a validade deste modelo, foram testadas as hipóteses clássicas e assintóticas do Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Foi ainda testada a cointegração Engle-Granger entre as variáveis de interesse. Conclui-se através do modelo inicial, da sua significância estatística e coeficientes, que existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre o preço e produção do petróleo e o PIB de Angola. Após realizados todos os testes, verifica-se que o modelo estimado é dinamicamente completo e que a sua inferência estatística é válida, entretanto não pode ser usado para interpretações mais detalhadas, uma vez que, após serem aplicadas as transformações necessárias, o modelo perde capacidade preditiva.
This study contributes for the knowledge of the relationship between oil prices and Angolan economic growth. The theoretical section of the present dissertation does a literature review regarding previous studies about specific countries or groups of countries. Furthermore, a study about the Angolan economic evolution, as well as the changes in the country's macroeconomic indicators towards the changes in oil activity, was also conducted. The study relies on annual data for the period between 1990 and 2015. A linear regression model was estimated to make a connection between the dependent variable Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the main variables oil price and production and the control variables, such as real exchange rate, export and inflation. To assure the quality of the model the Classical and Asymptotic OLS properties were tested. Engle-Granger cointegration was also tested between the dependent and the main variables. The thesis concludes that the initial model itself and its statistics, shows a long-term relationship between the variables. The findings show that the estimated model is dynamically complete and its statistics inferences are valid, even though the model cannot be used for further conclusions, because of the loss of the variables information during the tests.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Olagunju, Emmanuel Gbenga. "Water resources development: opportunities for increased agricultural production in Nigeria." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10031.
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Agriculture has been the backbone of the economy in Nigeria providing employment and source of livelihood for the increasing population and accounting for over half of the GDP of the Nigeria economy at independence in 1960. However, the role it plays in the regional and economic development of the country has diminished over the years due to the dominant role of the crude oil sector in the economy. With the increasing food demand in Nigeria, the country has available input natural resources and potential for increasing the volume of crop production towards meeting the food and nutritional requirement of the rapidly increasing population and guarantee food security in the country. The study was undertaken to analyse the effect of different factors and policies on the changes in trend of crop production and investigate the possible effect of water resources development on increased volume of agricultural crop production in Nigeria.
The study revealed that there are opportunities for water resources development in the country through irrigation to supplement the water requirements and needs of farmers for agricultural production activities in many areas in the semi-arid and arid regions. Available data shows that there are available land and water resources that could be developed to support the production of food and agricultural development with opportunity for increased productivity.
However, while the water resources are unevenly distributed in the country, there is need for the efficient use and management of the available water resources and increasing the productive use especially in the northern region of the country where there is increasing incidence of drought and competing need for water among the different sectors of the economy. The study also made possible recommendations for policy formulation to address the current problems facing the agricultural sector in conjunction with the requirement for the development of the water resources.
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Ondrejová, Zuzana. "Ktoré faktory sú zodpovedné za rast dopytu po leteckej preprave pasažierov?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201849.
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Is GDP per capita one of the main drivers affecting demand for passenger air travelling? Based on the time series analysis conducted for North American and Middle Eastern region, we have not rejected hypothesis about positive impact of GDP per capita on demand for air travelling. The thesis also analyzes whether the effects observed are weaker for more developed and more saturated markets. The second hypothesis was rejected, as we have found that the effect of the GDP per capita was on average 10% stronger for the North American region than for the Middle Eastern region. Moreover, we have found that for both regions oil prices are the important driver of the passenger air travel demand.
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Aleid, Jamal. "Bridging the gap between pre-planning and real-time decision support in crisis management." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284669.
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Lawal, Labaran M. "Decommissioning accountability ' expectations gap': The perceptions of stakeholders in Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493387.
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Sankoda, Akiko. "Long-Chain Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Mediates Oil-Induced GIP Secretion Through CCK in Male Mice." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235060.
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Dasgupta, Amrita. "Modelling the energy demand for transport in Sub-Saharan Africa : World Energy Outlook as a Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300137.
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Energy demand projections are essential tools that enable policymakers, engineers, scientists, stakeholders and investors to assess the future energy needs of a country and understand the technical, economic, social and environmental costs associated with meeting this demand. Such tools become further indispensable in the case of developing countries, where past consumption trends alone cannot indicate the trajectory of their future energy demand. Transport is one of the largest consumers of energy among all the end-use sectors. In 2018, it accounted for almost 29% of the total final consumption (TFC) of energy and 65% of oil consumption in the world [1]. A key ingredient for economic growth, mobility is indispensable for access to employment, education, health care and other services and operating industrial and trade activities. This report describes an energy demand model of the transport sector for selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries modelled are Angola, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania. With the exception of South Africa, the transport sector in the focus countries is largely underdeveloped and outdated. Road transport dominates the energy demand for transport in the region today and this trend is projected to continue to 2040. The ownership of cars increases rapidly, especially in cities, but this growth starts from very low levels as the region is home to countries with the lowest ownership rates in the world. As in the case of emerging Asian economies, the fleet of two- and three-wheelers growsiiifaster than that of cars and a significant share of this growth comes from rural areas. Aviation is the largest non-road consumer of energy and this continues to 2040 as a consequence of rising GDP and rapid urbanisation. Rail and navigation lag behind current global levels but are projected to develop significantly to aid in achieving the industrialisation goals set out by the African Agenda 2063. In its current state, the sector faces major challenges like inadequate and poorly maintained infrastructure, dealing with increasing traffic congestion in cities, large-scale imports of second-hand vehicles with poor emission standards that affect air quality in cities, lack of safe and formally operated public transportation systems and insufficient consideration for the different mobility needs of women. Sound policymaking and investments in infrastructure have the potential to overcome or significantly reduce the severity of most of these challenges in the future.Energibehovsprognoser är grundläggande verktyg som möjliggör för beslutsfattare, ingenjörer, forskare, intressenter och andelsägare att bedöma framtida energibehov för ett land och förstå de tekniska, ekonomiska och de miljömässiga kostnaderna förknippade med att möta detta behov. Dessa verktyg är än mer oumbärliga i fallet för utvecklingsländer, där tidigare förbrukningstrender enskilt inte kan indikera den framtida utvecklingen av energibehoven. Transport är en av de största förbrukarna av energi utav alla slutanvändningssektorer. Under 2018 stod den för nästan 29% av den totala slutförbrukningen (TFC) av energi och 65% av oljekonsumtionen i världen[1]. Som en nyckelingrediens för ekonomisk tillväxt är rörlighet oumbärligt för åtkomst till anställning, hälsovård och andra tjänster och drift av industri och handelsaktiviteter. Den här rapporten beskriver en energibehovsmodell av transportsektorn för utvalda länder i subsahariska Afrika. Länderna som har modellerats är Angola, Elfenbenskusten, Demokratiska Republiken Kongo, Etiopien, Ghana,Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sydafrika och Tanzania. Undantaget Sydafrika så är transportsektorn i de utvalda länderna i stora delar underutvecklad och föråldrad. Vägtransporter dominerar energibehoven för transport i regionen idag och den här trenden förväntas pågå fram till 2040. Ägandet av bilar ökar kraftigt, framförallt i städer, men den här tillväxten sker från väldigt låga nivåer då länderna i regionen tillhör den grupp länder med lägst ägande i världen. Som är fallet med växande ekonomier i Asien, så växer flottan av två- ochivtrehjulingar snabbare än den för bilar och en signifikant andel av den tillväxten sker i lantliga områden. Flyg är den största förbrukaren utanför vägarna vilket förväntas fortsätta fram till 2040 som en konsekvens av växande BNP och snabb urbanisering. Järnväg och sjöfart släpar efter aktuella globala nivåer men förväntas att utvecklas signifikant för att uppfylla industrialiseringsmålen som finns uppsatta av African Agenda 2063. I det aktuella stadiet, så möter sektorn stora utmaningar som otillräcklig och dåligt underhållen infrastruktur, ökade trafikstockningar i städer, storskalig import av andrahandsfordon med dåliga utsläppsstandarder som påverkar luftkvaliteten i städerna, avsaknad av säker och officiellt driven kollektivtrafik samt otillräcklig hänsynstagande för kvinnors transportbehov. Sunt beslutsfattande och investerande har potentialen att övervinna eller signifikant reducera allvaret av de flesta av dessa utmaningar inför framtiden.
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Jiao, Dian. "New Approaches for Utilizing Planar Inductive Sensors for Gap Measurement Proximity and Lubricant Oil Wear Debris Monitoring." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1617201282228042.
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Adere, Endale. "Accounting for Oil and Gas : The effect of the gap between US GAAP and IFRS on Norwegian companies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51283.
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Abstract Background Oil and gas is a main source of revenue for many countries. Norway is one of them. Several companies operate in these countries. The companies demand accounting to communicate to their stakeholders. The two biggest accounting regimes, IASB and USA have their own standards for the upstream activities of those companies. The standard setting bodies mandatorily require companies to comply. Norwegian listed companies, as they are in the IASB regime, must comply with the IASB standard, IFRS 6. Problem The IASB standard has a problem of addressing the entire upstream activities of the companies Moreover, the standard has conceptual flaw. However, these oil and gas firms are required to follow it. As a remedy, the entities fill the gap by using the US GAAP, if they are listed, as the regulation requires them to follow IFRS. Thus, using these two standards coupled with the defect of the IASB standard is affecting them. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explain the effects of IFRS 6 on companies by comparing it with the US GAAP standard. In doing so, theories relevant to the issue are described and the technical gaps between the two standards are elaborated. Method This thesis uses mixed method. The research design followed is concurrently mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. However, qualitative method dominates in the mixing. As a data collection mechanism, interview, questionnaire and documentation i.e. the annual reports of the companies are used. In the study both deductive and inductive reasoning are used. Conclusion Subsequent to making the study, the author concludes that the surveyed companies have used the US GAAP to fill the gap that IFRS possess. However, retaining two sets of accounts has economic effect and the companies are paying for that. Moreover, they expend costs for adopting the IFRS when they change their standard from US GAAP to IFRS. Moreover, it is difficult to make conclusion about diffusion of accounting method due to contagion effect. Similarly, although previous studies show that size of a firm is a determinant factor, it is tricky to make conclusion on the studied companies.
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Amenshiah, Ambrose K. "Capacity building of human resources in the oil and gas sector in Ghana: An exploration into the public-sector capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17452.
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This empirical research explored the capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas sector in Ghana. Ghana’s oil and gas were discovered in commercial quantities in 2007 by GNPC and its partners in Jubilee field in the Cape Three Point in the western region, which signified a turning point in the development effort of the state. Local skills shortage perceived as a significant challenge. Thus the government envisaged the need to build local skill capacity which attracted an initial grant of US$38 million from World Bank to facilitate the implementation of oil and gas capacity building project in 2010.
The study adopted a mixed method approach for primary data collection. Matched samples of employees (226) working in four public sector organisations in the oil and gas sector were surveyed using the simple random technique, while human resource/training and development directors (9) were purposively sampled and interviewed on the human resources capacity building to assess and corroborates the survey data.
The study findings confirmed shortcomings in local skills in the public organisations in the petroleum industry. Comparatively, the results suggested that the performance appraisal tools could be further improved. The study also found local skills mismatch. It revealed that inadequate funding and delays in the release of funds affected local skill capacity building in the public-sector organisations in the industry. Originality, this is one of the very few studies to explore the shortcomings of local skill capacity in the selected organisation including the strategies used in addressing the skill gap. Research implications, more matched-sample studies are necessary to understand further how private companies (IOC’s) contributing to local skill capacity building. Practically, the study is of significance to the policymakers to address the skill gap in the energy sector. The main contribution of the research is to conceptualise the concept of HRM in Ghana’s context. The thesis, therefore, is an essential contribution to our understanding of the skill gap in the oil and gas industry in Ghana and the role of HR in this field.
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Tian, Qing. "Some Features of Tip Gap Flow Fields of a Linear Compressor Cascade." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9673.
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This thesis presents some results from an experimental study of three-dimensional turbulent tip gap flows in the linear cascade wind tunnel, for two different tip gap clearances (t/c=1.65% and 3.3%). The experiments focus on near-wall flow field measurements for the stationary wall and moving wall, and static pressure measurement on the low end-wall for the stationary wall case. The representative flows were pressure driven, three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers in the linear cascade tunnel for the stationary wall case, and the combination of the pressure driven and shear driven flow for the moving wall case.
Several experimental techniques are used in the studies: a three-orthogonal-velocity-component fiber-optic laser Doppler anemometer (3D-LDA) system, surface oil flow visualization, and a scanivalve system for static pressure measurement through pressure ports on the end-wall. From the details of the oil flow visualization pattern on the end-wall, some features of the passage flow, cross flow, and the tip leakage vortex in this cascade flow were captured. Oil flow visualization on the blade surface reveals the reattachment of the tip leakage vortex on the blade surface. The static pressure results on the lower end-wall and mid-span of the blade show huge pressure drop on the lower end-wall from the pressure side to the suction side of the blade and from mid-span to the lower end wall. The end-wall skin friction velocity is calculated from near-wall LDA data and pressure gradient data using the near-wall momentum equation.
The statistics of Reynolds stresses and triple products in two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer and three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer was examined using a velocity fluctuation octant analysis in three different coordinates (the wall collateral coordinates, the mid tip gap coordinates, and the local mean flow angle coordinates). The velocity fluctuation octant analysis for the two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer reveals that ejections of the low speed streaks outward from the wall and the sweeps of high speed streaks inward toward the wall are the dominant coherent motions. The octant analysis for the three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in the tip gap shows that the dominant octant events are partially different from those in the two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, but ejection and sweep motions are still the dominant coherent motions. For the three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in the moving wall flow, the near-wall shear flow reinforces the sweep motion to the moving wall and weakens the out-ward ejection motion in the shear flow dominant region. Between the passage flow and the shear flow, is the interaction region of the high speed streaks and the low speed streaks. This is the first time that the coherent structure of the three-dimensional turbulent boundary in the linear cascade tip gap has been studied.Master of Science
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Azevedo, Neto Alu?sio. "An?lise de um queimador infravermelho funcionando com combust?vel h?brido : GLP/Bio-?leo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12935.
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Previous issue date: 2010-11-19Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Biomass is considered the largest renewable energy source that can be used in an environmentally sustainable. From the pyrolysis of biomass is possible to obtain products with higher energy density and better use properties. The liquid resultant of this process is traditionally called bio-oil. The use of infrared burners in industrial applications has many advantages in terms of technical-operational, for example, uniformity in the heat supply in the form of radiation and convection, with a greater control of emissions due to the passage of exhaust gases through a macroporous ceramic bed. This paper presents a commercial infrared burner adapted with an ejector proposed able to burn a hybrid configuration of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and bio-oil diluted. The dilution of bio-oil with absolute ethanol aimed to decrease the viscosity of the fluid, and improving the stability and atomization. It was introduced a temperature controller with thermocouple modulating two stages (low heat / high heat), and solenoid valves for fuels supply. The infrared burner has been tested, being the diluted bio-oil atomized, and evaluated its performance by conducting energy balance. The method of thermodynamic analysis to estimate the load was used an aluminum plate located at the exit of combustion gases and the distribution of temperatures measured by thermocouples. The dilution reduced the viscosity of the bio-oil in 75.4% and increased by 11% the lower heating value (LHV) of the same, providing a stable combustion to the burner through the atomizing with compressed air and burns combined with LPG. Injecting the hybrid fuel there was increase in the heat transfer from the plate to the environment in 21.6% and gain useful benefit of 26.7%, due to the improved in the efficiency of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics of infrared burner
A biomassa ? considerada a maior fonte renov?vel de energia, podendo ser usada de forma ambientalmente sustent?vel. A partir da pir?lise da biomassa ? poss?vel a obten??o de produtos com maior densidade energ?tica e propriedades de uso melhores. O l?quido resultante do seu processo ? tradicionalmente chamado de bio-?leo. A utiliza??o de queimadores infravermelhos em aplica??es industriais apresenta muitas vantagens do ponto de vista t?cnico-operacional, como por exemplo, homogeneidade no fornecimento de calor, na forma de radia??o e convec??o, apresentando um maior controle das emiss?es devido ? passagem dos gases de exaust?o atrav?s de um leito cer?mico macroporoso. O presente trabalho apresenta um queimador infravermelho comercial adaptado com um ejetor proposto capaz de queimar numa configura??o h?brida de g?s liquefeito de petr?leo (GLP) e bio-?leo dilu?do. A dilui??o do bio-?leo com ?lcool et?lico absoluto teve como principal objetivo diminuir a viscosidade do fluido, e melhorar a estabilidade e a atomiza??o. Foi introduzido um controlador de temperatura com termopar modulando dois est?gios (fogo baixo/alto), e eletrov?lvulas para alimenta??o dos combust?veis. O queimador infravermelho foi submetido a testes e ensaios, sendo atomizado o bio-?leo dilu?do, e avaliado o seu desempenho mediante a realiza??o de balan?o de energia. Como m?todo de an?lise termodin?mica para estimativa de carga foi utilizado uma placa de alum?nio localizada na sa?da dos gases de combust?o, sendo a distribui??o de temperaturas medida por termopares. A dilui??o reduziu a viscosidade do bio-?leo em 75,4% e aumentou em 11% o poder calor?fico inferior do mesmo, propiciando ao queimador uma combust?o est?vel atrav?s da atomiza??o com o ar comprimido e queima conjunta com GLP. Injetando o combust?vel h?brido houve aumento na transfer?ncia de calor da placa para o meio ambiente em 21,6% e ganho energ?tico ?til de 26,7%, em fun??o da melhora na efici?ncia da 1? Lei da Termodin?mica do queimador infravermelho
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Alves, Aron de Miranda Henriques. "Potencial antinociceptivo do (-)-bisabolol: avaliação comportamental e análise eletrofisiológica em nervo isquiático de camudongos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6841.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
(-)-Bisabolol is a sesquiterpene alcohol found as the major constituent of the essential oil from German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert), a plant used for centuries mostly for its medicinal properties. Previous studies stated that extracts of (-)- bisabolol-rich plants showed significant antinociceptive activity in experimental models of pain. Until this moment no literature reports concerning the activity of (-)-bisabolol on nociception nor on the sciatic nerve of rodents were found, therefore, the present work proposes to investigate the potential of this terrene as an antinociceptive agent in experimental models in vivo and its relation towards nerve excitability reduction by using the single sucrose gap model adapted for mice sciatic nerve. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test it was observed that mice showed a significant decrease in the number of writhes when 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of (-)bisabolol were administered (i.p.). It was also demonstrated that (-)-bisabolol inhibited the nociceptive response in mice treated with a dose of 50 mg/kg on the first phase of the formalin test and in mice treated with doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg (i.p.) on the second phase of this test. In the electrophysiological assays it was verified that (-)-bisabolol acts on peripheral nervous system reducing the compound action potential (CAP) amplitude in a time-incubation and concentration-dependent manners, showing an IC50 of 8,2 mM. It was also observed that (-)-bisabolol promoted alterations in the evaluated CAP depolarization parameters amplitude (VPAC) and depolarization velocity (DVPAC) similarly to lidocaine, a standard voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) blocker. Moreover, this sesquiterpene did not induce significant changes on the CAP repolarization phase, dissimilarly from 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) blocker. These results allow us to suggest a possible Nav blocker-like effect of (-)-bisabolol. Therefore, the presented results in this study have evidenced a promising antinociceptive-like effect of (-)-bisabolol, which might be associated, at least in part, with decreased peripheral neuronal excitability.
O (-)-bisabolol é um álcool sesquiterpênico encontrado como constituinte principal do óleo essencial da camomila (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert), uma planta utilizada por séculos devido às suas propriedades medicinais. Estudos prévios relataram que os extratos de plantas ricas em (-)-bisabolol apresentam atividade antinociceptiva em modelos experimentais para avaliação da resposta nociceptiva. Até o momento não encontramos relatos na literatura a respeito da atividade do (-)-bisabolol, como composto isolado, sobre a nocicepção nem sobre o nervo isquiático isolado de camundongos, portanto, o presente trabalho se propõe a investigar o potencial desse terpeno como agente antinociceptivo em modelos experimentais in vivo e sua relação com a redução da excitabilidade neuronal utilizando a técnica de single sucrose-gap adaptada para nervo isquiático de camundongos. No teste das contorções abdominais induzidas pela injeção intraperitoneal de ácido acético foi observado que os camundongos apresentaram uma redução significativa no número de contorções quando foram previamente tratados com as doses de 25 mg/kg e 50 mg/kg (i.p.). Também foi verificado que o (-)-bisabolol inibiu a resposta nociceptiva nos camundongos tratados com a dose de 50 mg/kg (i.p.) na primeira fase do teste da formalina e nos camundongos tratados com as doses de 25 mg/kg e 50 mg/kg (i.p.) na segunda fase desse teste. Nos ensaios eletrofisiológicos foi verificado que o (-)-bisabolol atuou sobre o sistema nervoso periférico reduzindo a amplitude do potencial de ação composto (PAC) de modo dependente do tempo de incubação e da sua concentração, apresentando uma IC50 de 8,9 mM. Foi observado ainda que o (-)-bisabolol promoveu alterações nos parâmetros de despolarização do PAC avaliados amplitude (VPAC) e velocidade de despolarização do PAC (VDPAC) de forma semelhante à lidocaína, um bloqueador padrão de canais para Na+ dependentes de voltagem (Nav). Além disso, este composto não induziu variações significativas sobre a fase de repolarização do PAC, contrariamente à 4-aminopiridina, um bloqueador de canais para K+ dependentes de voltagem (Kv). Esses resultados permitiram sugerir um possível efeito bloqueador do (-)-bisabolol sobre os canais do tipo Nav. Portanto, conclui-se que esse terpeno apresentou efeito promissor como substância antinociceptiva que pode estar associado, pelo menos em parte, com a redução da excitabilidade neuronal periférica.
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Tian, Qing. "Near Wall Behavior of Vortical Flow around the Tip of an Axial Pump Rotor Blade." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30062.
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This dissertation presents the results from an experimental study of three-dimensional turbulent tip gap flow in a linear cascade wind tunnel with 3.3% chord tip clearance with and without moving endwall simulation. Experimental measurements have been completed in Virginia Tech low speed linear cascade wind tunnel. A 24" access laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) system was developed to make simultaneous three-velocity-component measurements. The overall size of the probe is 24"à 37"à 24"and measurement spatial resolution is about 100 μm. With 24" optical access distance, the LDV probe allows measurements to be taken from the side of the linear cascade tunnel instead of through the bottom of the tunnel floor. The probe has been tested in a zero-pressure gradient two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer.
Experimental measurements (oil flow visualization, pressure measurement, and LDV measurement) for the stationary wall captured the major flow structures of the tip leakage flow in the linear compressor cascade, such as tip leakage vortex, tip leakage vortex separation and tip separation vortex. Large velocity gradients in the tip leakage vortex separation, tip leakage vortex, and tip separation vortex regions generate large production of the Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. One of the most interesting features of the tip leakage flow is the bimodal velocity probability histograms of the v component due to the unsteady motion of the flow in the interaction region between the tip leakage vortex and tip leakage jet. The tip separation vortex, tip leakage vortex separation, and tip leakage vortex contain most of turbulent kinetic energy and generate the highest dissipation rate.
Relative motion of the endwall significantly affects the tip gap flow structures, especially in the near wall region. Compared to the stationary wall case, velocity gradients in the near wall region for the moving wall case are much smaller and lower velocity gradients in the near wall region cause the low production of Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. Similar to the stationary wall case, high Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy values are mainly located in the vicinity of the tip leakage vortex and tip separation vortex region. The bimodal velocity probability histograms of the v component are also found at the same locations. The tip separation vortex with most of the turbulent kinetic energy generates the highest dissipation rate. The dissipation rate in the tip leakage vortex region is reduced with the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy under the moving wall effect.Ph. D.
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Jabal, Ameli Anosheh. "Inskränker GDPR rätten att ta del av allmänna handlingar? : En analys av offentlighetsprincipen i ljuset av EU-rättens företräde." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353015.
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EU har gradvis utökat sin normgivningskompetens, ofta på bekostnad av medlemsstaternas lagstiftning. Detta har nyligen aktualiserats för Sverige på grund av Dataskyddsförordningen som i folkmun kallas GDPR. I och med att det traditionellt sett har funnits ett starkare dataskydd i EU-rätt jämfört med svensk rätt blir den inhemska lagstiftningen onekligen påverkad av förordningen. Den här uppsatsen avser analysera specifikt offentlighetsprincipen som är stadgad i Sveriges grundlag. Syftet är att identifiera huruvida rätten att ta del av allmänna handlingar, som är en del av offentlighetsprincipen, kan komma att inskränkas med hänsyn till principen om EU-rättens företräde. Syftet uppnås genom fyra etapper. Först sker en historisk tillbakablick av diskussionen vid det svenska unionstillträdet om offentlighetsprincipens fortlevnad. Efter detta görs en jämförelse mellan GDPR och intern rätt för att identifiera eventuella motsättningar. Vidare analyseras praxis från både Sverige och EU-domstolen för att visa på likheter och skillnader i avvägningen mellan offentlighet och sekretess. Till sist utreds hur principen om EU-rättens företräde kan tolkas tillsammans med andra unionsrättsliga bestämmelser för att antingen åsidosätta den nationella lagstiftningen eller hålla den intakt. Författaren föreslår slutledningsvis att effekten på offentlighetsprincipen är försumlig samtidigt som möjligheten att tolka mål härom delvis har skiftat från medlemsstaten till EU-domstolen.The EU has gradually expanded its legislative competence, often at the expense of member state legislation. This has recently become highly relevant for Sweden due to the recent data protection regulation, the GDPR. Since there has traditionally been a stronger protection for personal data in the EU in comparison to Sweden, domestic Swedish law will become affected by the GDPR coming into force. Within this backdrop, the focus in this thesis will be the right to access public documents, which is established in the Swedish constitution. The aim with this work is to identify in what respect the right to access public documents will be affected considering the principle of primacy according to EU law. The aim is pursued in four steps. First, the former discussion on how the right to access public documents would be affected due to Sweden’s entrance to the EU will be presented. Secondly, the compliance of Swedish law in relation to the GDPR in order to identify potential conflict of norms will be reviewed. Thirdly, case law of the ECJ and Swedish courts in order to show the differentiation between balancing transparency and personal integrity will be reviewed. Finally, it will be analysed how the primacy of EU law can be interpreted together with other EU norms to either override the Swedish constitutional law or leave it intact. The findings suggest that while the effect of the GDPR on the Swedish “offentlighetsprincipen” is negligible, the right to interpret such cases has gradually shifted from relying partly on the member state to the EU.
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Johansson, Ida, and Maria Örnjäger. "Förstudie för implementering av affärssystemet Oracles tidrapporteringsmodul OTL (Oracle Time and Labor) : Kravhantering och GAP analys för tidrapporteringsprocess i Oracle EBS R12." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-108166.
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This is a report for our thesis that was conducted as a conclusion of our bachelor degree in Business engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The work is done in cooperation with the firm Navigate Consulting Business Solutions AB. They have their leading expertise in Oracle E-Business Suite and has previously chosen to implement Oracle EBS R12. The modules that are planned to be implemented are general ledger (GL), accounts payable (AP), accounts receivable (AR), project module (PA), purchases, and CRM. For a consulting company like Navigate, it is particularly important to have a simple and effective time reporting process. We were therefore asked to provide new tabs with a decision-making process to determine if Oracle Time & Labor (OTL) is a useful time tracking system for their business. In order to achieve the company´s aim and objective we decided to follow a development method with five different phases. The phases included a set of work steps that generated various documents, which gave us enough information to structure the entire company and helped us to create a clear picture of the organization and its structure. From this, we could work out a requirements document and then map those requirements to OTL. This resulted in a gap analysis where you can read the requirements that are handled by OTL and possible solutions to the requirements that OTL doesn´t handle. The result of this work is presented in process maps, a requirement specification, an use case documents, and a GAP analysis.Detta är en rapport för vårt examensarbete som har genomförts som en avslutning på vår kandidatutbildning Affärssystem vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). Arbetet är utfört i samarbete med företaget Navigate Consulting Business Solutions AB (Navigate). De har sin främsta expertis inom Oracle E-Business Suite och har sedan tidigare valt att implementera Oracle EBS R12 i sin verksamhet. De tänkta modulerna är Huvudbok(GL), Leverantörsreskontra(AP), Kundreskontra(AR), Projektmodul(PA), Inköp och CRM. För ett konsultföretag som Navigate är det särskilt viktigt att ha en enkel och fungerande tidrapportering. Vi fick därför i uppdrag att förse Navigate med ett beslutsunderlag för att de ska kunna avgöra om Oracle Time & Labor (OTL) är ett lämpligt tidrapporteringssystem för deras verksamhet. För att uppnå arbetets syfte och mål beslutade vi att följa en utvecklingsmetod med fem olika faser. Faser med arbetssteg som genererade olika dokument, som gav oss tillräcklig information för att strukturera upp hela företaget och lättare skapa en klar bild över organisationen och dess struktur. Utifrån detta kunde vi arbeta fram ett kravdokument och sedan mappa dessa krav mot OTL. Detta resulterade i en GAP analys där man kan läsa vilka krav som hanteras utav OTL samt eventuella lösningar till de krav som ej hanteras. Resultatet av detta arbete presenteras i processkartor, en kravspecifikation, ett användningsfallsdokument samt en GAP analys.
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Portal, Céline. "Fonctions in vivo de la mucine Muc5b : création et caractérisation d'une lignée transgénique rapporteur Muc5b-GFP." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S023/document.
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MUC5B, une des 5 mucines gélifiantes chez les mammifères, constitue la matrice de gels de mucus et est responsable des propriétés visco-élastiques de ces gels. Cette macromolécule est sécrétée par des cellules caliciformes dont la densité reflète l'homéostasie des épithéliums sécrétoires.L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était la création et la caractérisation d'une souris transgénique afin de suivre facilement la production in vivo de Muc5b. Le second objectif était de montrer, chez des souris mucoviscidosiques CftrΔF508, qu'une nutrition enrichie en acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes (n-3) module la production de la mucine Muc5b, confirmant des résultats précédemment publiés sur la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène Muc5b chez des souris de type sauvage par ce régime alimentaire.Une souris transgénique Muc5b-GFP a été créée par insertion d'une séquence codant la GFP (pour « Green Fluorescent Protein ») à la place du codon Stop de Muc5b. Le profil d'expression de Muc5b a été déterminé ex vivo sur tissus et chez la souris anesthésiée. Muc5b est produit dans l'oreille moyenne, l’œil, la cavité nasale, la trachée, la vésicule biliaire, le cervix, ainsi que dans le poumon embryonnaire à E12,5. Nous apportons la preuve de concept que Muc5b-GFP est un biomarqueur de la densité des cellules à mucus dans un modèle de syndrome de l’œil sec où nous mesurons, chez la souris anesthésiée, une diminution de la densité en cellules caliciformes qui est restaurée par application topique d'interleukine 13. La souris Muc5b-GFP est donc un modèle pré-clinique pour suivre la production de la mucine et la densité de cellules caliciformes. Dans le modèle murin CftrΔF508, nous montrons qu'une supplémentation à long terme en acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes (n-3) n'influence pas le taux d'expression de Muc5b suite à une inflammation pulmonaire aiguë, mais améliore l'histologie pulmonaire et module la réponse inflammatoireMUC5B, one of the 5 gel-forming mucins in mammals, is part of the mucus gels and responsible of the visco-elastic properties of these gels. The density of goblet cells, which secrete this macromolecule, reflects the homeostasis of secretory epitheliums.The main goal of this thesis was the creation and characterization of a transgenic mouse to easily follow in vivo the production of Muc5b. The second goal was to show that, as previously reported by the laboratory in wild-type mice, a (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diet modulates the production of Muc5b in the cystic fibrosis mouse model CftrΔF508.A Muc5b-GFP transgenic mouse was created by replacing the Stop codon of Muc5b with a GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) coding sequence. Muc5b expression pattern was studied ex vivo in tissues and in anaesthetized mouse. Muc5b is produced in middle ear, eye, nasal cavity, trachea, gallbladder, cervix, and in embryonic lung at E12.5. As a proof-of-concept, we show that Muc5b-GFP is a biomarker of goblet cell density in a dry eye model. In anaesthetized mice, we measured a decreased goblet cell density after dry eye induction, which was restored by interleukin 13 topical application. Muc5b-GFP mouse is a preclinical model to follow the mucin production and goblet cell density. In the cystic fibrosis mouse model CftrΔF508, we show that a long term (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has no effect after an acute pulmonary inflammation on the Muc5b expression level, but induces an improvement of lung histology and a modulation of the inflammatory response
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Knudsen, Richard Ray. "A Study on the Integration of Multivariate MetOcean, Ocean Circulation, and Trajectory Modeling Data with Static Geographic Information Systems for Better Marine Resources Management and Protection During Coastal Oil Spill Response – A Case Study and Gap Analysis on Northeastern Gulf of Mexico Tidal Inlets." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5974.
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The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 requires the development of Regional and Area Contingency Plans. For more than 20 years, the State of Florida, under both the Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, has worked closely with the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to develop these plans for coastal and marine oil spill response. Current plans, developed with local, state and federal stakeholder input, use geographic information systems (GIS) data such as location and extent of sensitive ecological, wildlife, and human-use features (termed Environmental Sensitivity Index data), pre-defined protection priorities, and spatially explicit protection strategies to support decision-making by responders (termed Geographic Response Plans). However, they are long overdue for improvements that incorporate modern oceanographic modeling techniques and integrated data from coastal ocean observing systems. Better understanding of circulation in nearshore and estuarine waters, at a scale consistent with other spatial data, is especially lacking in Area Contingency Plans. This paper identifies the gaps in readily available information on the circulation-driven causes and effects missing in current oil spill contingency planning and describes a sample methodology whereby multiple coastal and ocean spatial science disciplines are used to answer questions that no single, non-integrated discipline can answer by itself. A path forward for further integration and development of more comprehensive plans to better support coastal protection in Florida is proposed. The advances made here are applicable to other coastal regions of the world.
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Klusener, Edgar. "How did East Germany's Media represent Iran between 1949 and 1989?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/how-did-east-germanys-media-represent-iran-between-1949-and-1989(9b223332-bfc9-4f9e-a2db-10c760510c46).html.
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This thesis examines how the press of the erstwhile German Democratic Republic represented Iran in the years from 1949 – the year of the GDR’s formation – until 1989, the last complete year before its demise on 3 October 1990. The study focuses on key events in Iranian history such as the overthrow of the Mossadegh government in 1953, the White Revolution, the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the Iran-Iraq war. It will be shown that although news and articles were based on selected facts, they still presented a picture of Iran that was at best distorted, the distortions and misrepresentations amounting to what could be described as 'factual fiction'. Furthermore, clear evidence will be provided that economical and political relations with Iran were a primary concern of the GDR’s leadership, and thus also of the GDR’s press and have therefore dominated the reporting on Iran. Whatever ideological concerns there may have been, they were hardly ever allowed to get in the way of amicable relations with the Shah or later with the Islamic Republic. Only in periods where the two countries enjoyed less amicable or poor relations, was the press free to critically report events in Iran and to openly support the cause of the SED’s communist Iranian sister party, the Tudeh. Despite East Germany’s diametric ideological environment and despite the fundamentally different role that the GDR’s political system had assigned to the press and to journalism, East Germany’s press was as reliant on the input of the global news agencies as any Western media. The at times almost complete reliance on Western news agencies as sources for news on Iran challenged more than just the hermeneutic hegemony the SED and the GDR’s press wanted to establish. After all, which news and information were made available by the news agencies to the media in both East and West was primarily determined by the business interests of said agencies. The study makes a contribution to three fields: Modern Iranian history, (East-) German history and media studies. The most valid findings were certainly made in the latter.
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Johnson, Michael Farley. "Cactus Hill, Rubis-Pearsall and Blueberry Hill : one is an accident; two is a coincidence; three is a pattern : predicting "old dirt" in the Nottoway river valley of Southeastern Virginia, USA." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9541.
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This thesis covers more than thirty years of the author's research into the Paleoamerican period of the Middle Atlantic Region of North America, including the last 19+ years of focused work on the Cactus Hill site (44SX202) and replication of the Paleoamerican occupation discovered there. Using a landform and geology based predictive model derived from the Paleoamerican occupation at Cactus Hill, the author directed preliminary archaeological testing in three other areas of the same Nottoway River Valley, where Cactus Hill is located. These areas were the Barr site, located 11 miles (18 km.) downriver from Cactus Hill; the Chub Sandhill Natural Resource Conservation Area, located 19 miles (30 km.) downriver from Cactus Hill; and the Blueberry Hill site (44SX327), located approximately 1,000 feet (300 meters) east of Cactus Hill. The latter two produced OSL dated, pre-Younger-Dryas landforms, as predicted. The Rubis-Pearsall site (44SX360), located in the Chub Sandhill preserve also produced a buried Paleoamerican, Clovis age cultural level confirming the model. In addition to the OSL dates, Blueberry Hill also produced a distinct and apparently discrete activity surface with a possible pre-Clovis age Cactus Hill point at the same depth as the Paleoamerican levels at Cactus Hill and Rubis-Pearsall.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Pushkarev, Vyacheslav. "Relationship between oil and GDP: the case of Kazakhstan: assesment of economic situation and economic development of Kazakhstan based on the economy of oil." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329184.
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This Master thesis is devoted to research of the economic development of Kazakhstan based on the economy of oil. This study is an attempt to analyze the relationship between oil price, GDP, inflation and oil exports in Kazakhstan on the basis of quarterly data from 2000Q1 to 2010Q4. We explored the role of oil price for the Kazakhstani economy by using time-series Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach. Moreover, we applied the Johansen cointegration test to examine the sensitivity of economic growth to changes of oil prices in the long term. The key result shows that oil price shock has no significant impact on real economic growth in Kazakhstan. However, the price of oil has significantly positive effect on GDP in the short-term. In addition, we investigated a relationship between FDI and economic growth of Kazakhstan. Foreign direct investment plays a significant role in the development of republic. For the analysis we used the annual data for the period 1993 to 2011 (almost from the period of independence of Kazakhstan). Regression analysis of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used in analyzing the data. Based on the empirical results, the analysis shows that there is a positive relationship between the FDI and economic growth. Our findings confirmed that Kazakhstan as a new developing...
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Chen, Li-Ling, and 陳莉玲. "The Effects of the Oil Price on the GDP and Exchange Rates of Oil-Importing and Oil-Exporting Countries." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qp4vjq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
106
The research period of this study is from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2017. The effect of oil price on gross domestic product and exchange rate of oil importing and exporting countries is investigated using Toda and Yamamoto’s (1995) causality test. According to the 2017 World Energy Outlook of International Energy Agency (IEA), China is the world’s largest oil importer, and Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia) is the world’s largest oil exporter in 2017. While the Saudi Arabia’s exchange rate is pegged to the US dollar, it will be replaced by Russian, the second largest exporter, with a floating exchange rate in this study. After a rigorous empirical process, the following conclusions are obtained: The OPEC crude oil price leads China and Russia’s GDP a quarter of positive change significantly. It is not expected that the oil price have a positive impact on the GDP for China. It is obvious that the rise in oil prices brings about moderate inflation, and it is beneficial to China’s economic development. However, the crude oil price has a positive impact as expected on the GDP for Russia.
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WU, JU-YIN, and 吳如茵. "The Effects of Money Supply, GDP and Real Oil Prices on Exchange Rate." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xu89hh.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
財務金融系
105
This paper examines whether the macro-economy variables, including：money supply, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and real oil prices, have significant effects on exchange rate. The sample period is from January 1984 to December 2015. We apply the method of ordinary least squares multiple regression with monthly data. Our empirical results show that all variables have significant effects on exchange rate. First, when money supply of Taiwan is higher than USA’s money supply, New Taiwan dollars will depreciate, and U.S. dollar will appreciate. Second, when USA’s GDP is higher than Taiwan’s GDP, New Taiwan dollars will depreciate, and U.S. dollar will appreciate. Finally, because Taiwan is oil-importer, increasing oil prices raise the demand for U.S. dollar. Then New Taiwan dollars depreciate, and U.S. dollar appreciate. Therefore, the empirical findings support the predictions by monetary approach to the exchange rate.
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Deng, Yan-Yu, and 鄧延俞. "An Inquiry into the Relationship between Oil Price and GDP Growth：A Panel Quantile Regression." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58896646784271615258.
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碩士世新大學
經濟學研究所(含碩專班)
97
The paper reexamines the oil price-GDP growth relationship using Panel Quantile Regression with 21 countries. We employee “oil price volatility” to explore uncertainty channel and explain the asymmetric relationship between oil price changes and GDP growth. Blanchard and Gali (2007) observed that the effect of oil price shocks is different between 2000s and 1970s. They discussed three hypotheses for this problem: (1) more flexible labor markets, (2) improvements in monetary policy, and (3) smaller share of oil in production. Our empirical result suggests that oil price change does not affect GDP growth but oil price volatility does, especial in lower quantile. In addition to Blanchard and Gali offering three reasons to explain the effect of oil price is decrease, we conclude that oil future contract is the another reason which decrease the effect of oil price shocks.
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Elizeche, Rodrigo, and 艾力齊. "Economic Analysis of How GDP, Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Trade Balance Affect Paraguayan Exports to Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2v3pe6.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
管理國際學生碩士專班 (IMBA)
103
International Trade in goods and services has grown rapidly through years. As a result, the world’s trading nations have become more integrated. The cause of this rapid increase can be attributed to the rise in incomes. Demand for goods and services of the world’s leading economies and the reduction of obstacles on trade, basically after the establishment of institutions like the World Trade Organization (WTO) helped to improve the trade system and also to create agreement between countries. Of course, every time someone wants to buy or sell something there are different factors who can affect the creation and the intensity of international trade. The objective of this research is to understand what factors would affect Paraguayan export to Taiwan and how do they affect. The motivation is using the results so can improve the intensity and fluctuation of goods and services. In this case, we are going to focus in the period 2003 – 2012. Since we are using the relation between Paraguay and Taiwan and the amount of export Paraguay did since 2003 to 2012 we consider five variables: GDP, Oil Price, Exchange Rate, imports in Taiwan and Exports in Taiwan. All the factors encountered provide information and opportunities to improve the international trade condition between Paraguay and Taiwan. They will help future exporters to put them into consideration before making investment decision.
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Binzaid, Badr Abdulaziz A. "Empirical Evidence of the Effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Saudi Arabia GDP Sectors." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42173/.
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The economic framework of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) presents unique challenges because of its absence of taxation and peg to the United States dollar (USD). Accordingly, it is important for policy-makers to examine the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy to achieve their economic objectives. Specifically, this research examines the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies on Saudi Arabian total gross domestic product (GDP), oil GDP and non-oil GDP.
The data employed included GDP, money supply, interest rates, commercial bank claims on the private sector, inflation, merchandise exports, merchandise imports, government expenditure and government revenues. Annual data for the period 1980–2017 were employed for the analysis, obtained from the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) and the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test was estimated to investigate the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies on Saudi GDP sectors, in the short-term and long-term. Several robustness tests were also employed.
The estimation results for total GDP and oil GDP shared similarities. For instance, fiscal policy, represented by government expenditure and revenues, were shown to have a positive and significant impact in the long-term. In the short run, however, fiscal policy via government revenue was indeterminate for both total GDP and oil GDP, while government expenditure had a significant negative impact on total GDP. For oil GDP, government expenditure had a significant and positive effect in the first lag but a negative and significant impact in the second lag. For monetary policy, the estimation results demonstrated that the interest rate, commercial bank claims on the private sector and inflation had a significant positive effect in the long-term on total and oil GDP. However, in the short-term, monetary policy produced a significant negative impact only for inflation; for the other variables, it was shown to be indeterminate. In addition, money supply had a significant negative effect on oil GDP but an insignificant negative effect for total GDP in the long-term, while it was indeterminate in the short-term. Openness to the world was represented by merchandise exports and merchandise imports. The former had a positive and significant effect for the long-term and the short-term, while the latter was shown to have a significant negative effect in the long-term as well as in the first lag of the short-term; however, the second lag of the short-term was positive and significant.
For fiscal policy, the estimation results for non-oil GDP had negative and significant effects in the long-term for both government expenditure and government revenues. However, in the short-term, government revenues had significant and negative effects in the first lag but significant and positive effects in the second lag, while government expenditure was indeterminate. With respect to monetary policy, money supply had a significant and positive impact for both the long-term and the short-term in the first lag, but a negative and significant effect in the second lag. For the variables interest rates and commercial bank claims, the results were positive and insignificant in the long-term, and indeterminate in the short-term. In addition, inflation was shown to have a significant and negative effect in both the long and short-term. With respect to openness to the world, merchandise exports and imports were found to have positive and significant effects on non-oil GDP in the long-term, and the short-term for merchandise exports; however, merchandise imports were indeterminate in the short-term.
The potential policy implications arising from the study include the following. First, fiscal policy should be enhanced to engender a significant impact in the short-term; for instance, fiscal policy should centre on attracting more private investors to mitigate crowding-out effect outcomes related to non-oil GDP. Second, further enhancement of monetary policy tools to assist the Saudi government in achieving economic diversity given their impact on non-oil GDP is required. Third, refining the use of fiscal policy to impact non-oil GDP is also required. This would contribute to achieving the goals of Vision 2030, and could take the form of the adoption of a modern taxation system that could provide a more stable source of income to help insulate the KSA from plunging oil prices. Finally, greater consideration should be given to the adoption of monetary policy tools that comply with Islamic principles. This could assist the government to assert greater control over its monetary policy.
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劉智惠, LIU CHIH-HUI, and 劉智惠. "An Empirical Study on the Long-run Relationship between the Container Throughput , GDP and Crude Oil Price -Is the Business Cycle Important？." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32ankx.
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碩士國立高雄科技大學
企業管理系
107
International shipping industry and economy cycle are closely intertwined with each other. When critical financial events occur, international trade is the first to be seriously affected, and Taiwan, which is highly dependent on international trade, undoubtedly cannot escape from the impact. Moreover, for Taiwan as an island country, seaports are lifeline and Twenty-four hours seaport to the world. Which affect Taiwans economy and global re-export trade. This fact means that container transportation and global market are highly correlated. Therefore, this study probes the long-term relationship between container throughput of Taiwan, GDP and crude oil price by time series analysis, and analyses the impact of the business cycle on the long-term relationships of the above variables. The purpose of this research is to study the relationships between Taiwan total container volume, inbound and outbound containers, transshipment containers, GDP and crude oil prices. The sample period is from the first quarter of 1980 to the fourth quarter of 2018, with a total of 156 observations. Time series unit root tests, co-integration test and the fully modified OLS are used in this study. The empirical evidence shows that the selected variables have a unit root and exist a set of co-integration test vector, exhibiting all the variables are correlated in long-term relationships. After, estimating the co-integration coefficient by fully modified OLS, it is found that total container volume, inbound and outbound containers, transshipment containers, have significant correlation separately with the three variables (GDP, crude oil price, GDP & crude oil price). and the correlation between container volume and GDP & crude oil price is the most relevant. Finally, under the influence of the business cycle, the two groups are divided according to the business cycle；the data displayed during the expansion period and the recession period did not meet the expected positive relationship , and it seems that the impact of the business cycle on these long-term relationships did not play an important role.
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Cheng, Mao-Sheng, and 鄭貿升. "Investigate to the Oil Price, Electricity Rate, GDP, GNP, and the Relationship Between the Opening Price and the Closing Price of TAIEX- as a Special Case of Higher Oil and Electricity Rates." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h56ect.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
財務金融研究所
102
This research is aim to discuss the oil price, electricity rate, GDP, GNP, and the relationship between the opening price and the closing price of TAIEX. Besides, according to the data which is from January 1 of 2008 to December 31 of 2013, this research shows their correlation by means of Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, vector auto regression, impulse responses, forecast error variance decomposition and Vector Error Correction Model. The researcher was inspired by the fact of higher oil and electricity rates in Taiwan. Moreover, the researcher found there are many studies that discuss the relationship between oil price and stock when collecting data. Also, the studies of futures market are numerous. On the contrary, the material of electricity rate is hardly to find in any database. As a result, the research mainly discuss about the electricity rate. On the other hand, this study will be contributed to futures market and other markets. Despite the fact that discussing the correlations between the six variables the research mentioned above, the research also uses normal test to view the effects on the opening price and the closing price of TAIEX. To be more specific, the researcher discuss them in two parts, one is that the day which the news were reported(April 11 of 2012), another is the day which the policy implemented(May 15 of 2012). According to the effects, the researcher discusses whether the policy of higher oil and electricity rates will have a great impact on securities and futures markets.
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Hamilton, Ashley N. "Governing Oil Inc. : socially responsible investment and the new governance gap." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17560.
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Civil society groups have had some success, in recent times, at using socially
responsible investment (SRI) activism to influence the behaviour of western corporations that
undertake oil and gas operations in countries where human rights and environmental concerns
pose high risks for investment. However, similar initiatives have been largely unsuccessful at
governing the behaviour of state-owned firms that are increasingly moving their operations
overseas and operating in similarly risky situations. Very little academic research has
examined the governance implications of the transnationalization of state-owned firms or
assessed how activists attempt to influence the behaviour of these corporations through non-state
mechanisms of governance. The intention of this paper, therefore, is to contribute to an
area of research that so far, is poorly developed and understood in political science.
A comparative look at two SRI campaigns aimed at the independent Canadian oil
company Talisman Energy, and the state-owned firm China National Petroleum Corporation
will demonstrate that SRI activism has forced a wedge between those firms held accountable to
market forces, and those who enjoy a quasi-state status. Western corporations driven by their
profit motive are pressured by activists to demonstrate behaviour identified here as upward
competitive advantage, where they are increasingly encouraged to compete with other firms of
similar nature by adopting more comprehensive and transparent CSR policies. In turn, their
comparatively less-transparent counterparts enjoy a downward competitive advantage,
benefiting from their ability to evade market-based governance tactics. The result is a growing
governance gap in the oil industry that will likely become more concerning as large state-owned
oil corporations increasingly move their operations overseas. All is not lost however, as
SRI activism has had small successes in inserting corporate social responsibility considerations
into the decision-making apparatus of the New York Stock Exchange and subsequently onto
the agendas of CEOs and powerful investment management firms. The small successes of SRI
campaigning demonstrates an increasing desire and ability of non-state actors to engage in and
wield powerful market mechanisms of governance, and as a result of their efforts, activists
have created a new space for debating, contesting and influencing the outcomes of global
governance.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Amenshiah, Ambrose K., and Farhad Analoui. "A Strategic Approach to Local Competency Gap Reduction: The Case of the Oil and Gas Industry in Ghana." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17083.
Full textAbstract:
YesThis empirical research explores local skill capacity gap in the petroleum industry in Ghana using a mixed method approach to study four public organisations. Matched samples of employees (226) were surveyed, while HR directors (9) were purposively sampled and interviewed. The findings suggest a wide local skill gap. Originality, this is one of the very few studies to explore the shortcomings of local skill capacity in public sector organisation. Research implications, more matched-sample studies are necessary to understand IOC’s local skill capacity further. Practically, the study is of significance to the policymakers. The main contribution of the research amongst others is to conceptualise the concept of HRM in Ghana’s context.
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Euler, Michael. "Oil palm expansion among Indonesian smallholders - adoption, welfare implications and agronomic challenges." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5FFC-4.
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Hoffmann, Munir. "Understanding potential yield in the context of the climate and resource constraint to sustainably intensify cropping systems in tropical and temperate regions." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5FC1-4.
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(5930933), Temiloluwa O. Wright. "Organizational Identity at a Nigerian Integrated Food Processing Company: The Case of Feed Me Ventures Limited." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Research in organizational identity as pioneered by Albert and Whetten (1985) provides that organizational identity is central, enduring and distinctive. As Gioia et al. (2013) put it, “what we know about organizational identity, including its dynamic aspects, is based on the study of organizations located within a single and uniform geographic market (U.S./European) and/or stable institutional environment (developed markets)” (p. 180). This study thus carries research in organizational identity forward by locating it at an integrated food manufacturing company, Feed Me Ventures Limited, in the non-western, developing country, Nigeria. As businesses expand globally, it becomes pertinent for global organizations and managers in organizations outside the West to become aware of possibly divergent forms of organizational identity and formation processes that may exist. Nigeria is a community faced with unstable and corrupt leadership, a volatile economy directly impacted by its own created as well as global instabilities as well as a culture that is very different from those of the communities in which organizational identity has traditionally been studied. To accomplish the goals of this study, an inductive analysis is conducted using ethnographic observation, document analysis and grounded theory interviewing. This method is deemed most appropriate as this is an exploratory study to find what organizational identity may look like in Nigeria. Findings provide that while the conceptualization of organizational identity in the literature hold true, the environment greatly affects organizational identity. The founder of Feed Me Ventures Limited had developed organizational identity in direct opposition to societal values thereby emphasizing the distinctiveness dimension of organizational identity more than would normally be expected. Also, there is an adaptational dimension to organizational identity at Feed Me Ventures Limited which allows it to adapt to different needs in the environment in order to survive and retain its core identity. This is similar to adaptive instability which is already established in the literature except that at Feed Me Ventures Limited, when new identity dimensions are adapted in reaction to the environment, these dimensions only serve to help the organization retain its core identity. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational identity claims and organizational identity understanding among organizational members revealed the existence of an organizational identity gap (OI gap). This refers to a situation where claims about “who we are” from senior management does not align with understanding of “who we are” by organizational members. Also interesting is that social constructionist views about organizational identity being developed through the interactions of organizational members is found to be true at Feed Me Ventures Limited where organizational members, in their social interactions, begin to form notions of “who we are” that are not derived from claims about “who we are” from management. This study concludes that it is important for organizational leaders to acknowledge environment variables, engage in organizational diagnosis to find OI gaps and consider further this concept of adaptation and how this might serve organizations in environments similar to Nigeria.