Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oil-in-water emulsion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Oil-in-water emulsion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

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Ramos, Diego M., Véronique Sadtler, Philippe Marchal, Cécile Lemaitre, Frédérick Niepceron, Lazhar Benyahia, and Thibault Roques-Carmes. "Particles’ Organization in Direct Oil-in-Water and Reverse Water-in-Oil Pickering Emulsions." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030371.

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This paper addresses the impact of the particle initial wetting and the viscosity of the oil phase on the structure and rheological properties of direct (Oil/Water) and reverse (Water/Oil) Pickering emulsions. The emulsion structure was investigated via confocal microscopy and static light scattering. The flow and viscoelastic properties were probed by a stress-controlled rheometer. Partially hydrophobic silica particles have been employed at 1 and 4 wt.% to stabilize dodecane or paraffin-based emulsions at 20 vol.% of the dispersed phase. W/O emulsions were obtained when the particles were dispersed in the oily phase while O/W emulsions were prepared when the silica was introduced in the aqueous phase. We demonstrated that, although the particles adsorbed at the droplets interfaces for all the emulsions, their organization, the emulsion structure and their rheological properties depend in which phase they were previously dispersed in. We discuss these features as a function of the particle concentration and the oil viscosity.
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Manthey, Frank A., John D. Nalewaja, and Edward F. Szelezniak. "Herbicide-Oil-Water Emulsions." Weed Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031237.

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Oil-water emulsion stability was determined for crop origin and refinement of seed oils and their methyl esterified fatty acids (methylated seed oil) as influenced by emulsifiers and herbicides. Oil-in-water emulsion stability of one-refined, degummed, and crude seed oils was affected by the emulsifier. However, emulsion stability of methylated seed oil was not affected by the refinement of the seed oil used to produce the methylated seed oil or by the emulsifier. Oils without emulsifiers or emulsifiers alone added to formulated herbicide-water emulsions reduced emulsion stability depending upon the herbicide and emulsifier. Further, emulsion stability of formulated herbicides plus oil adjuvants was influenced by the oil type, the emulsifier in the oil adjuvant, and the herbicide. Oil-in-water emulsions improved or were not affected by increasing concentration of the emulsifier in the oil. However, T-Mulz-VO at a concentration greater than 10% with soybean oil or 5% with methylated soybean oil reduced emulsion stability with sethoxydim. Emulsion stability of herbicides with adjuvants depends upon the herbicide, the emulsifier, emulsifier concentration, and the crop origin, type, and refinement of oil.
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N. H. Abdurahman and H. A. Magdib. "Surfactant (UMP) for emulsification and stabilization of water-in-crude oil emulsions (W/O)." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 2, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v2i2.245027.

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The purpose of this research is to look into the formulation and evaluation of concentrated water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized by UMP NS-19-02 surfactant and their application for crude oil emulsion stabilization using gummy Malaysian crude oil. A two-petroleum oil from Malaysia oil refinery, i.e., Tapis petroleum oil and Tapis- Mesilla blend, were utilized to make water-in-oil emulsions. The various factors influencing emulsion characteristics and stability were evaluated. It was discovered that the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion improved by UMP NS-19-02 improved as the surfactant content rises, resulting in the decline of the crude oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). Nevertheless, the most optimum formulation of W/O emulsion was a 50:50 W/O ratio with 1.0% surfactant. Additionally, raising the oil content, salt concentration, duration and mixing speed, and pH of the emulsion resulted in higher emulsion stability. It also raised the temperature of the initial mixing, which significantly decreased the formulated emulsions' viscosity. The results showed that stable emulsions could be formed using the UMP NS-19-02 surfactant.
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Hayuningtyas, Afwa, Pinyapat Jitphongsaikul, and Alwani Hamad. "Winsor Phase Diagram of a Colloidal System from the Mixture of Water, Eugenol, and Tween 20." Research In Chemical Engineering (RiCE) 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 22–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/rice.v1i1.4.

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One factor that influenced colloidal structure is the composition of water, oil, and surfactant in the emulsions. This study aims to build a Winsor phase diagram of a mixture of water, eugenol, and Tween 20 and understand the physical differences in a range of micellar structures from the different compositions of the combinations. There were eleven samples with varying compositions of water, eugenol, and tween 20, and then were mixed and observed in parameters such as phase, appearance, and consistency. The results showed that the emulsion's compositions ingredients affected the character of the final emulsion. There were three categories of emulsions as described in the Winsor phase diagram. Water in oil (w/o) microemulsion was formed in the higher oil composition. In contrast, the lower oil content was macroemulsion/ coarse emulsion. The balance of oil and water composition was categorized as a bicontinuous microemulsion. This diagram will further help in constructing the suitable emulsion category for specific purposes.
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Abouther Thalib Halboose, Mudhaffar Yacoub Hussein, and Raheem Jafar Aziz. "Study the effect of Water content and Temperature on the stability of Crude Oil/Water Emulsions." Journal of the College of Basic Education 20, no. 86 (February 2, 2023): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v20i86.9912.

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During the crude oil production, water-in-oil stable emulsions may be created. Water which is naturally present in oil reservoirs mixes with crude oil to form very stable emulsions due to very high shear rates and zones of turbulence encountered at the wellhead and pipe of production. The formation of these emulsions is generally caused by the presence of resins, asphaltenes, wax and naphtenic acid which play the role of "natural emulsifiers. The aim of this study was to focus on some important factors in the formation and stabilize crude oil/water emulsions. These factors are the water content, which varies from oil field to another and to understand its role in the Stability of the emulsion, which vary depending on the oil fields. Another factor is the temperature at which the physicist has a role in a large non-oil emulsions Stability. The study deals with the effect of water content and temperature on the stability of crude oil emulsion. The emulsion was prepared by mixing the crude oil and desired content of water and shaking by hand. The volume percent of water were studied in this paper to the total volume of crude oil emulsion (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) and temperature were (20, 30, 40, 50) OC. The results showed that, the emulsion stability decrease with increase water concentration. Change in temperature had a significant effect where the higher temperature became unstable emulsions
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Samuel Olalekan Olusanya, Samuel Olalekan Olusanya, Gbenga Joseph Adebayo Gbenga Joseph Adebayo, and Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada. "Effect of Salt on the Stability of Vegetable Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Soybean Protein and Microgel." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000604/jcsp/43.05.2021.

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The preparation of vegetable oil-water emulsions stabilized by soybean protein and microgel is described. The soybean protein was obtained from n-hexane-defatted soybean powder using a Soxhlet extractor. Using equal volumes of oil and water, vegetable oil-water emulsions were formed either by handshaking the mixture or homogenizing the mixture using a Lab homogenizer. The emulsion was characterized using a drop test and microscopy observation. The drop test shows that the preferred emulsion is vegetable oil-in-water (o/w). The effect of salt and emulsifier concentration on the stability and emulsion drop size was investigated. Emulsions stabilized by soybean protein without addition of salt breakdown after 3 days of preparation because of decomposition of the protein. For emulsions stabilized by microgel in the absence of salt, phase separation occurred within 1 hour. At a fixed salt concentration, it was found that increasing the emulsifier concentration has a significant effect on the stability and drop size of the emulsions stabilized by both protein and microgel. For emulsions stabilized by soybean protein, the stability of emulsions increased with increasing salt concentration without any significant influence on the drop size. The results obtained from the surface tension measurement revealed that different mechanisms of stabilization exist in emulsions stabilized by the protein and microgel.
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Samuel Olalekan Olusanya, Samuel Olalekan Olusanya, Gbenga Joseph Adebayo Gbenga Joseph Adebayo, and Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada. "Effect of Salt on the Stability of Vegetable Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Soybean Protein and Microgel." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000604.

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The preparation of vegetable oil-water emulsions stabilized by soybean protein and microgel is described. The soybean protein was obtained from n-hexane-defatted soybean powder using a Soxhlet extractor. Using equal volumes of oil and water, vegetable oil-water emulsions were formed either by handshaking the mixture or homogenizing the mixture using a Lab homogenizer. The emulsion was characterized using a drop test and microscopy observation. The drop test shows that the preferred emulsion is vegetable oil-in-water (o/w). The effect of salt and emulsifier concentration on the stability and emulsion drop size was investigated. Emulsions stabilized by soybean protein without addition of salt breakdown after 3 days of preparation because of decomposition of the protein. For emulsions stabilized by microgel in the absence of salt, phase separation occurred within 1 hour. At a fixed salt concentration, it was found that increasing the emulsifier concentration has a significant effect on the stability and drop size of the emulsions stabilized by both protein and microgel. For emulsions stabilized by soybean protein, the stability of emulsions increased with increasing salt concentration without any significant influence on the drop size. The results obtained from the surface tension measurement revealed that different mechanisms of stabilization exist in emulsions stabilized by the protein and microgel.
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Nguyen, Thuy Chinh, and Hoang Thai. "Review: emulsion techniques for producing polymer based drug delivery systems." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/17666.

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Emulsification method is one of the popular methods for producing materials used inbiosensing, bioimaging and others, especially, drug delivery polymer systems in microsize andnanosize. The concrete techniques related to this method are emulsification, self-emulsification,in a combination with solvent evaporation process, homogenization, or ultranosication. Thestructure of emulsion formulation consists of two phases: an internal phase and an externalphase. Based on the structure and nature of the phases, emulsions can be classified into differenttypes such as two-phase systems (oil in water emulsion (O/W) or water in oil emulsion (W/O))or three-phase systems (water in oil in water triple emulsion (W/O/W) or oil in water in oil tripleemulsion (O/W/O)). The droplet sizes in micro-emulsion systems are often higher than 1 mwhile those in nano-emulsions or mini-emulsions are in the range of 100-500 nm. Some specialnano-emulsion systems can contain droplets with a size of few nanometers. Factors includingsolvents, oil/water phase ratio, droplet oil size, composition ratio, nature of raw materials,emulsifiers, etc. can affect the morphology, properties, and size of the obtained products. Thispaper reviews emulsion techniques which have been applied for producing polymeric drugdelivery systems. The components, properties, characteristics, encapsulation efficiency as wellas drug release rate, water solubility, toxicity and administration efficacy of drug emulsionformulations will be mentioned. Advantages and limitations of emulsion techniques are alsodiscussed.
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Sulaiman, Shaharin A., Mohamad Nazmi Z. Moni, and Siti Norazilah Ahmad Tamili. "Flow of Water-Oil Emulsion through an Orifice." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503002.

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The oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are two common types of emulsions found in oil production industry. While stable O/W may be beneficial in transporting crude oil, stable W/O poses a flow assurance problem that leads to disruptions and losses in oil production line. This study examines the behaviour of both types of emulsion (40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 water-oil emulsion, vol. basis) subjected to 3/4D, 1/2D and 1/4D orifices within a pipeline. The study confirms that oil and water may form emulsion with only mechanical agitation and dynamic flow in the pipeline and without the presence of any emulsifying agent. The flow rate and the velocity of all emulsions were found to drop with the reduction of orifice diameter.
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Fingas, Merv. "OIL SPILL DISPERSION STABILITY AND OIL RE-SURFACING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-661.

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ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the data and the theory of oil-in-water emulsion stability resulting in oil spill dispersion re-surfacing. There is an extensive body of literature on surfactants and interfacial chemistry, including experimental data on emulsion stability. The phenomenon of resurfacing oil is the result of two separate processes: de stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion and desorption of surfactant from the oil-water interface which leads to further de stabilization. The de stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemical oil dispersions is a consequence of the fact that no emulsions are thermodynamically stable. Ultimately, natural forces move the emulsions to a stable state, which consists of separated oil and water. What is important is the rate at which this occurs. An emulsion is said to be kinetically stable when significant separation (usually considered to be half or 50% of the dispersed phase) occurs outside of the usable time. There are several forces and processes that result in the destabilization and resurfacing of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemically dispersed oils. These include gravitational forces, surfactant interchange with water and subsequent loss of surfactant to the water column, creaming, coalescence, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and sedimentation. Gravitational separation is the most important force in the resurfacing of oil droplets from crude oil-in-water emulsions such as dispersions. Droplets in an emulsion tend to move upwards when their density is lower than that of water. Creaming is the de stabilization process that is simply described by the appearance of the starting dispersed phase at the surface. Coalescence is another important de stabilization process. Two droplets that interact as a result of close proximity or collision can form a new larger droplet. The result is to increase the droplet size and the rise rate, resulting in accelerated de stabilization of the emulsion. Studies show that coalescence increases with increasing turbidity as collisions between particles become more frequent. Another important phenomenon when considering the stability of dispersed oil, is the absorption/desorption of surfactant from the oil/water interface. In dilute solutions, much of the surfactant in the dispersed droplets ultimately partitions to the water column and thus is lost to the dispersion process. This paper provides a summary of the processes and data from some experiments relevant to oil spill dispersions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

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Hu, Binjie. "Cross flow microfiltration of water in oil emulsion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366591.

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Ligiero, Leticia. "Crude oil/water interface characterization and its relation to water-in-oil emulsion stability." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3048/document.

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La formation d’émulsions stables eau/huile lors des processus de récupération et de raffinage du pétrole peut impacter défavorablement l’efficacité de ces opérations. Bien que résines et asphaltènes soient généralement tenus pour responsables de la stabilité des émulsions, la composition exacte des molécules présentes à l’interface eau/huile est en réalité assez mal connue. L’identification de ces molécules et la connaissance de leur influence sur la propriété des interfaces est une étape nécessaire pour mieux prédire les problèmes de stabilité des émulsions dans l’industrie pétrolière. Cette thèse présente des résultats de caractérisation analytique par GPC-ICP-HRMS et FTMS du matériel interfacial (IM) extrait de quatre bruts différents et des espèces transférées dans la phase aqueuse lorsque ces bruts contactent l’eau, ainsi que des propriétés rhéologiques en cisaillement et en dilatation des interfaces eau/huile en présence de ces composés. Les bruts ont été choisis en raison de leur capacité à former des émulsions eau-dans-huile de stabilités différentes. Les mesures d’élasticité de cisaillement ont montré que la majorité des interfaces eau/huile étudiées formaient une structure élastique susceptible de fausser la mesure du module dilatationnel de Gibbs par la méthode d’analyse du profil de goutte. Néanmoins, nous montrons à l’aide de simulations numériques que le module apparent Eapp mesuré dans un tel cas est proche de la somme du module de Gibbs et du module de cisaillement (G) multiplié par 2 du réseau interfacial dès lors que G reste petit (G < 10 mN/m), ce qui est très souvent le cas puisque nous observons que le réseau interfacial formé se rompt lors des expériences de dilatation. Une équation phénoménologique a été développée permettant d’attribuer un temps de relaxation unique aux processus de relaxation qui ont lieu aux interfaces eau/huile, ce qui nous permet de classer les différents systèmes entre eux. Nous avons également étudié les IM extraits des bruts selon la technique chromatographique dite « wet silica method » récemment développée par Jarvis et al. (Energy Fuels, 2015). Les expériences de rhéologie interfaciale confirment que cette méthode permet d’extraire les composés les plus tensioactifs présents aux interfaces eau-brut. Les analyses chimiques montrent que les IM sont partiellement composés d’asphaltènes et suggèrent que les composés contenant du soufre jouent un rôle important dans la stabilité des émulsions. Enfin, nous avons trouvé que les composés hydrosolubles transférés du brut à l’eau ont un comportement bénéfique, dans le sens où leur présence rend les émulsions eau-dans-brut moins stables. L’analyse FTMS de ces composés montre qu’ils appartiennent aux classes d’hétéroatomes suivant : O2, O3, S1, OS et O2S2 et qu’une partie de ces composés appartient à la classe des asphaltènes
Crude oil recovery and refining operations rely on high consumption water processes, which may induce the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions. Although asphaltenes and resins are known to influence the stability of crude oil emulsions, much is still unknown about the real composition of the w/o interfacial layer. Therefore, identifying these molecules and understanding their impact on the w/o interfacial properties are key points for better predicting emulsion problems in the petroleum industry. This thesis presents results on water/oil (w/o) interface characterization using shear and dilatational interfacial rheology as well as results on molecular characterization (GPC-ICP-HRMS and FTMS) of the crude oil interfacial material (IM) and of the amphiphilic crude oil species, which are transferred to the aqueous phase during the emulsification process. Four crude oils forming w/o emulsions of different stability were used in this study. Shear interfacial rheology experiments showed that most of the studied w/o interfaces were capable of forming an elastic interfacial network exhibiting shear elasticity G. A non-null G value interferes on drop deformation and thus on drop shape analysis (DSA) results. Nevertheless, the dilatational elasticity modulus measured by DSA (Eapp) was found to be representative of the sum of the Gibbs modulus plus 2 times G, as long as G  10 mN/m. This condition is generally satisfied since the asphaltene network is broken during dilatational experiments. Consequently, Eapp gives a good approximation of the real Gibbs modulus of the interface. A new phenomenological equation was proposed to fit the dilatational Eapp experimental data, allowing the assignment of a unique characteristic time to describe the w/o interfacial relaxation process and thus sample comparison. The IM of the crude oils was extracted using the “wet silica method” recently developed by Jarvis et al. (Energy Fuels, 2015). Results showed that this method collects the most-surface active compounds that adsorb in the time frame of the extraction procedure. Successive extractions collected species that were larger and less concentrated in the crude oil, but with higher adsorption energies. Molecular characterization revealed that the IM was partially composed of asphaltene compounds, and suggested that sulfur-containing compounds may play a major role in emulsion stability. Lastly, the oil-to-water transferred species were proven to impact the w/o interfacial properties and emulsion stability. Interestingly, concentrating these water-soluble species led to more efficient crude oil dehydration. FTMS analysis of the transferred species revealed that part of the compounds belonged to O2, O3, S1, OS and O2S2 heteroatom classes, and some of them have an asphaltene-type of molecules classification
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Barillaro, Filippo Carmelo. "Electrolytic demulsification of a dilute oil-in-water emulsion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0018/MQ45470.pdf.

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Seymour, Lisa. "A computer model of water-in-oil emulsion coagulation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17966.

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In this thesis, a stochastic computer model of water-in-oil emulsion coagulation, a two stage process of aggregation and coalescence, is presented. The theoretical basis of the model, including equations for the van der Waals, electrostatic and steric energy barriers between dissimilar droplets, is described. Many of these equations have been derived by the author. A chemical speciation study of the aqueous phase typically found in emulsion explosives is presented. A potentiometric investigation of the protonation equilibria of propionate, succinate and mono-methyl succinate in tetraethyl ammonium bromide, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate at 25°C and 3 mol/dm³ ionic strength was performed. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance titrations for succinate and propionate in varying concentrations of the same salts are also shown. A method of converting thermodynamic stability constants from one ionic strength to another using a modified form of the Pitzer equations is presented with a computer program which performs the conversion. A novel method of obtaining complexation constants from protonation constants in varying media is proposed. Using optical microscopy, creaming rates and laser particle sizing, the affects of changing surfactant concentration, salt concentration, pH and shearing time for emulsions of ammonium nitrate solution in heptane with CRILL 43 are shown. Equations are derived for converting creaming rate data to droplet size information and a computer program for converting Malvern light intensity data in the anomalous regime (typical of water-in-oil emulsions) to size distribution data is presented. The computer model is validated against experimental data from this work and the literature and is used to make stability predictions for systems for which no data exists. Further uses for the model are discussed.
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Walker, I. M. "The formation and evaluation of water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371137.

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Islam, Sonia. "Investigation of oil adsorption capacity of granular organoclay media and the kinetics of oil removal from oil-in-water emulsions." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4979.

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Produced water, a byproduct of oil and gas production, includes almost 98% of all waste generated by oil and gas exploration and their production activities. This oil contaminated waste water has a great impact on our environment and is considered to be a high-cost liability. The Department of Energy’s Oil and Gas Environmental Program is concerned with the development of new and affordable technology to clean this produced water. Organically modified clays are proposed as a good option for removal of oil from produced water. Organoclay, incorporated into a treatment process shows promise of being a cost effective method of treatment to remove crude oil from brine either as a final treatment prior to brine disposal at sea or as a precursor to desalination. Organoclay also pre-polishes the waste water before further treatment. This research studies the efficacy of using organoclay to remove oil by measuring its adsorption capacity to remove the oil from a SAE 30 (Golden West Superior) motor oil-water emulsion. A kinetic model was developed to examine the time dependent behavior of the oil adsorbing characteristics of the organoclay and to investigate how closely the experimentally obtained data matches the kinetic model. It was found that organoclay is effective in removing various percentages of oil depending on the concentrations of a SAE 30 (Golden West Superior) motor oil-water emulsion. Moreover, it was found that the experimental data closely follow the kinetic behavior of the organoclay as shown by the kinetic model. Since this research is specific to a particular type of oil, SAE 30, further research is required for verifying the adsorption capacity of organoclay in other types of oils. Moreover, it is also recommended that the adsorption capacity of the organoclay, together with conventional adsorbent such as GAC (Granular Activated Carbon), be investigated to determine if there is any further improvement in the adsorption capacity. Lastly, a detailed investigation using the actual produced water from the oil field should be conducted to determine the efficacy of the organoclay system in removing oil from water produced in the field.
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Stoyel, Jason Alexander. "Fundamentals of drop coalescence in crude oil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312176.

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VARGAS, KELLY MARGARITA COLMENARES. "OIL DISPLACEMENT IN MICRO MODELS OF POROUS MEDIA BY INJECTION OF OIL IN WATER EMULSION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35523@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O processo de recuperação de óleo pelo deslocamento com água é o método mais utilizado na indústria de petróleo. No entanto, as altas razões de mobilidade e baixas eficiências de varrido tornam o processo menos eficiente. Uma alternativa usada para minimizar este efeito é a aplicação de tecnologias que atuam como agentes de controle de mobilidade. Dentre eles, e em particular a injeção de emulsões de óleo em água tem sido estudada com relativo sucesso como um método de recuperação avançada de óleo. Alguns estudos indicam melhor varredura do reservatório devido a uma redução da mobilidade da água em regiões do reservatório já varridas por água, mediante a aglomeração e bloqueio parcial dos poros mais permeáveis com gotas da fase dispersa da emulsão. Contudo, ainda não há compreensão plena dos mecanismos associados ao escoamento de emulsões em meios porosos, assim, uma análise e visualização na escala microscópica dos fenômenos envolvidos se faz essencial para a melhora do entendimento do escoamento de emulsões em um reservatório. Neste trabalho, experimentos de escoamento de emulsões foram conduzidos em um micromodelo de vidro, estrutura artificial que busca representar alguns aspectos principais de um meio poroso e proporciona uma adequada visualização do comportamento das faces ao longo do escoamento. Nos experimentos foram realizadas alterações na molhabilidade e variou-se a vazão volumétrica a fim de avaliar diferentes números de capilaridade no meio poroso. Dentro dos resultados mais significativos, foi evidenciado como a fase dispersa da emulsão é capaz de bloquear os poros e gargantas de poro alterando a distribuição dos fluidos no meio poroso, melhorando a eficiência de deslocamento na escala de poro e com isso o fator de recuperação final. Os resultados mostram que, a altos números de capilaridade as forças interfaciais são menos importantes ao reduzir o efeito de bloqueio pelas gotas da fase dispersa nos poros do micromodelo. Estes resultados fornecem um grande aprendizado ao permitir conhecer características do escoamento de emulsões no meio poroso para uma futura aplicação no campo.
The oil recovery process by water-flooding is the most used method in the oil industry. However, the high mobility ratios and low sweep efficiencies make the process less effective. A common alternative to minimize this effect is the application of technologies that act as mobility control agents. Among them and in particular the injection of oil in water emulsions has been studied with relative success as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method. Several studies indicate a better reservoir sweep due to the water mobility reduction in regions already swept by water. This reduction can be associated with partial blockage of porous media throats by droplets of emulsion dispersed phase. Nevertheless, there is still no full understanding of the mechanisms associated to the flow of emulsions in porous media, thus, an analysis and visualization at the microscopic scale of the involved phenomena is essential for the improvement of the comprehension of the flow of emulsions in a reservoir. In this work, experimental tests related to the flow of emulsions in a glass micro-model were performed, artificial device that represents some principal features of a porous medium and provides a proper visualization of the phase behavior. In the experiments, the effect of the capillary number on the oil recovery factor and the relative influence of the wettability of the porous medium on the oil displacement process were studied. The results evidence how the oil droplets in the emulsion are capable of block the pores and the pore throats modifying the fluids distribution in the porous medium, improving the displacement efficiency at pore scale and consequently the final oil recovery factor. It was also observed that at high capillary numbers, the blocking caused by the capillary pressure needed to deform the droplet becomes less intense. These results provide a great learning by allowing to know the characteristics of the flow of emulsions in porous media for a future field application.
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Jimeno, Nieves. "Effect of demulsifiers on the separation of water-in-oil emulsion /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8347.

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Andre, Antonio Luzaiadio Buco. "Investigation of the stability and separation of water-in-oil emulsion." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2267.

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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study of water-in-oil emulsion stability and separation was carried out for this thesis. The main objectives were as follows: to rank crude oil samples in terms of creating stable emulsions; to assess the effect of the brine pH on emulsion stability; to investigate the influence of different organic acids on emulsion stability; and to determine the efficiency of an electric separator in removing water droplets from a flowing organic liquid. Seven crude oil samples from different sources such as A, C, H, M, P, U, and V were used to investigate the water-in-crude-oil emulsion. Two crude oil blends were also used. Brine solution comprising 4 wt% NaCl and 1 wt% CaCl2 was used. In this study the gravity settling, critical electric field (CEF) and centrifuge test methods were used to estimate the emulsion stability created by the crude oil and crude oil blend samples. The experiments were carried out at 60°C. In the gravity test method, the brine pH, stirring speed, stirring time and water-cut (the fraction of water in the emulsion) were changed in 2IV-1 factorial design. The parameters for the centrifuge and CEF test methods were selected on the basis of the gravity test method. The crude oil samples were ranked in terms of creating stable emulsion in the following order V, U, P, H, A, M and C. The crude oil blends created more stable emulsions than their respective constituents. The ranking order of the crude oil samples did not correlate to asphaltenes, resins, wax or total acid number (TAN). There was a good correlation between the test methods used. There was an increase and decrease in the brine pH when different crude oil samples were in contact with the brine. It is believed that the structure of the surfactants present in crude oil may explain the emulsion-forming characteristics of different crude oil deposits around the world. To account for the effect of organic acids on emulsion stability, different organic acids were used. In this case, a mixture of equal volumes of heptane and toluene (here referred to as heptol) was used as the model for crude oil. The brine solution composition was the same as the one used in the crude oil experiments. Equal volumes of heptol and brine were mixed for a period of time and then separated. The brine pH was changed from acidic to basic. In this regard, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography were used to analyse the concentration of the acids in the brine and heptol samples. It was found that the partitioning coefficient for acids containing a straight-chain hydrocarbon moiety decreased with an increase in molecular weight. However, the partitioning coefficient depended on the structure of the acid. The presence of a benzene ring in the organic acid increased the partitioning coefficient. Organic acids with rings created an interface layer when the heptol sample was mixed with basic brine solution. This confirmed that the emulsion of water and crude oil starts with the formation of a film, and it also provides insight into the formation of naphthenate soap. It is believed that the naphthenic acids that cause stable emulsions have rings. More organic acids should be tested. It is recommended that the interaction of asphaltenes, resins and naphthenic acids should be investigated at different pH levels, temperatures and pressures. The separation of water droplets from a flowing organic liquid was carried out using a direct current (d.c.) electric separator. The separator used centrifugal forces and a d.c. electric field to enhance the removal of water drops from a flowing organic liquid. For this, vegetable oil, crude oil blend and heptane were used as the continuous phase. The experiments were carried out at room temperature (for heptane and vegetable oil) and at 70°C (for vegetable oil and crude oil blend). The flow rate to the separator was kept constant. The separator removed water droplets from flowing organic liquids. A maximum of 97% (at 100 V)of water droplets was removed from the heptane liquid; a maximum of 28% (at 100 V) of water droplets was removed from the vegetable oil at 70°C and 5% (at 100 V) of water droplets was removed from the crude oil blend. The d.c. electric field enhanced the efficiency of the separator in removing water droplets. The break-up of the droplets is suspected to decrease the efficiency of the separator. This separator can easily be installed into existing process lines and does not require much space. However, further improvements are needed in the design of this separator. Emulsions created in the petroleum industries are quite complex to deal with. The identification of the structure of the components in crude oil is a matter that still has to be investigated. An improvement in the techniques may lead to a better understanding of the cause of the ultra-stable emulsion encountered in the petroleum and related industries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie van die stabiliteit en skeiding van water-in-olie-emulsies is vir hierdie tesis uitgevoer. Die hoofdoelstellings was as volg: om ruolie-monsters in terme van die skepping van stabiele emulsies te klassifiseer; om die effek van die pekel-pH op emulsie-stabiliteit te assesseer; om die invloed van verskillende organiese sure op emulsie-stabiliteit te ondersoek; en om die doeltreffendheid van ’n elektriese skeier in die verwydering van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof te bepaal. Sewe ruolie-monsters uit verskillende bronne soos was A, C, H, M, P, U en V gebruik om die water-in-ruolie-emulsie te ondersoek. Twee ruolie-mengels is ook gebruik. ’n Pekeloplossing wat 4 wt% NaCl en 1 wt% CaCl2 bevat, is gebruik. In hierdie studie is die gravitasie-afsakkings-, kritieke elektriese veld- (KEV-) en sentrifuge-toetsmetodes gebruik om die emulsie-stabiliteit te beraam wat deur die ruolie- en ruolie-mengsel-monsters geskep is. Die eksperimente is teen 60°C uitgevoer. In die gravitasietoetsmetode is die pekel-pH, roertempo en watersnyding (die fraksie van water in die emulsie) is in ‘n 2IV-1-faktoriaalontwerp ondersoek. Die parameters vir die sentrifuge- en KEV-toetsmetodes is op grond van die gravitasietoetsmetode resultate gekies. Die ruolie-monsters is in terme van die skepping van ’n emulsie stabiliteit geklassifiseer in die volyende orde V, U, P, H, A, M, en C. Die rudie-menysels het meer stabiele emulsies gerorm as die respektiewe samestellende dele. Die rangorde van emulsie stabiliteit van die ruolie-monsters het nie met asfaltene, hars, waks of totale suurgetal gekorreleer nie. Daar was ’n goeie korrelasie tussen die toetsmetodes wat gebruik is. Daar was ’n toename of afname in die pekel-pH wanneer verskillende ruolie-monsters in kontak met die pekel was. Die aanname is dat die struktuur van die surfaktante wat in die ruolie teenwoordig is, die emulsievormende karaktereienskappe van verskillende ruolie-neerslae regoor die wêreld kan verklaar. Om die effek van organiese sure op emulsie-stabiliteit te verklaar, is verskillende organiese sure gebruik. In hierdie geval is ’n mengsel van gelyke hoeveelhede heptaan en tolueen (voortaan verwys na as heptol) as die model vir ruolie gebruik. Die pekeloplossing-samestelling was dieselfde as die een wat in die ruolie-eksperimente gebruik is. Gelyke hoeveelhede heptol en pekel is vir ’n tydperk gemeng en toe geskei. Die pekel-pH is van suurvormend tot basies verander. Gaschromatografie en vloeistofchromatografie is gebruik om die konsentrasie van die sure in die pekel- en heptoloplossings te analiseer. Daar is gevind dat die verdelingskoëffisiënt vir sure wat ’n reguitketting-koolwaterstofhelfte bevat met ’n toename in molekulêre gewig afneem. Die verdelingskoëffisiënt het egter van die struktuur van die suur afgehang. Die teenwoordigheid van ’n benseenring in die organiese suur het die verdelingskoëffisiënt verhoog. Organiese sure met ringe het ’n tussenvlaklaag geskep toe die heptolmonster met die basiese pekeloplossing gemeng is. Dit het bevestig dat die emulsie van water en ruolie met die vorming van ’n vlies begin, en gee ook insig in die vorming van naftenaatseep. Dit blyk dat die naftenaatsure wat stabiele emulsies veroorsaak, ringe het. Meer organiese sure moet getoets word. Daar word aanbeveel dat die interaksie van asfaltene, hars en naftenaatsure teen verskillende pH-vlakke, temperature en drukke getoets word. Die skeiding van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof is uitgevoer met behulp van ’n gelykstroom- elektriese skeier. Die skeier het sentrifugiese kragte en ’n wisselstroomelektriese veld gebruik om die verwydering van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof te verhoog. Hiervoor is plantolie, ’n ruoliemengsel en heptaan gebruik as die deurlopende fase. Die eksperimente is teen kamertemperatuur (vir heptaan en plantolie) en teen 70°C (vir plantolie en ruolie-mengsel) uitgevoer. Die vloeitempo na die skeier is konstant gehou. Die skeier het waterdruppels uit die vloeiende organiese vloeistowwe verwyder. N’ maksimum van 97% (by 100 V) van die water drupples is verweider van die heptaan vloeistof; a maksimum van 28% (by 100 V) van die water druppels was verweider van die plantolie by 70°C en 5% (by 100 V) van die water druppels was verweider van die rudie mengsel. Die gelykstroom- elektriese veld het die doeltreffendheid van die skeier om waterdruppels te verwyder, verhoog. Daar word vermoed dat die afbreek van die waterdruppels die doeltreffendheid van die skeier verlaag. Die skeier kan met gemak in bestaande proseslyne geïnstalleer word en benodig nie veel spasie nie. Verdere verbeterings is egter nodig ten opsigte van die ontwerp van hierdie skeier. Emulsies wat in die petroleumbedrywe geskep word, is kompleks om te hanteer. Die identifikasie van die struktuur van die komponente in ruolie verg verdere ondersoek. ’n Verbetering in hierdie tegnieke kan tot beter begrip lei van die oorsaak van die ultrastabiele emulsie wat in die petroleum- en verwante bedrywe aangetref word.
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Books on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

1

Barillaro, Filippo Carmelo. Electrolytic demulsification of a dilute oil-in-water emulsion. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1997.

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1951-, Phillips Charles R., ed. Petroleum spills in the marine environment: The chemistry and formation of water-in-oil emulsions and tar balls. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1985.

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Payne, James R. Petroleum Spills in the Marine Environment: The Chemistry and Formation of Water-In-Oil Emulsions and Tar Balls. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Payne, James R. Petroleum Spills in the Marine Environment: The Chemistry and Formation of Water-In-Oil Emulsions and Tar Balls. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Gúenette, Chantal. In-situ burning of water-in-oil emulsions. Alaska Clean Seas, 1994.

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Diaz, Carlos Bravo. in-Depth Guide to Oil-In-Water Emulsions. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2021.

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Diaz, Carlos Bravo. in-Depth Guide to Oil-In-Water Emulsions. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2021.

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Shunmugaperumal, Tamilvanan. Oil-In-Water Nanosized Emulsions for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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Shunmugaperumal, Tamilvanan. Oil-In-Water Nanosized Emulsions for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Shunmugaperumal, Tamilvanan. Oil-In-Water Nanosized Emulsions for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

1

Haensler, Jean. "Manufacture of Oil-in-Water Emulsion Adjuvants." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 165–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_12.

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Kawashita, Masakazu, and Toshiki Miyazaki. "Microparticles Preparation Using Water-in-Oil Emulsion." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_128-1.

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Kawashita, Masakazu, and Toshiki Miyazaki. "Microparticles Preparation Using Water-in-Oil Emulsion." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 453–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_128.

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Coupland, John N. "Crystallization of Lipids in Oil-in-Water Emulsion States." In Crystallization of Lipids, 431–46. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118593882.ch15.

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McMahon, Andrew J. "Interfacial Aspects of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion Stability." In Emulsions — A Fundamental and Practical Approach, 135–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2460-7_10.

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Anand, Vikky, and Rochish M. Thaokar. "Stability and Destabilization of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion." In Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability, 707–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_22.

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Cheraitia, Abdallah, and Nawal Brahimi. "Realization of Diene Dienophile Interface Reaction in Oil/Water Emulsion." In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_4.

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Suresh, K., and S. Suresh. "Application of Fly Ash for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation." In Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2005–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_118.

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Suresh, K., and S. Suresh. "Application of Fly Ash for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation." In Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11155-7_118-1.

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Liran, Ma, Luo Jianbin, and Zhang Chenhui. "Film Forming Characteristics of Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Super-Low Oil Concentration." In Advanced Tribology, 188–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03653-8_64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

1

Kovaleva, Liana, Ayrat Musin, Rasul Zinnatullin, and Iskander S. Akhatov. "Destruction of Water-in-Oil Emulsions in Electromagnetic Fields." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62935.

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The problem of water-in-oil emulsion destruction is related to many technological processes in the oil-and-gas industry, especially in extracting and processing of oil, preparation and transportation of oil, and liquidation/recycling of oil-sludge barns. High stability of water-in-oil emulsions is principally conditioned by the presence in oils of heavy high-molecular polar components that envelope water droplets and prevent coalescence of these droplets. Using conventional techniques to destroy the emulsions yields no positive results. Employing electromagnetic field energy is one of the ways to address this problem. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the water-in-oil emulsion destruction in radio-frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields. A mathematical model is also proposed to describe the process of electromagnetic impact on water-in-oil emulsions.
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Mandal, Ajay, Abhijit Samanta, Achinta Bera, and Keka Ojha. "Role of oil-water emulsion in enhanced oil recovery." In 2010 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceng.2010.5560393.

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Liu, Yanchi, Guodong Wu, Erdong Yao, Wei Zuo, Longhao Zhao, Yuan Li, and Xue Meng. "Research on Influencing Factors of Heavy Oil Emulsification." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62820.

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Abstract In tight heavy oil reservoirs, the formation of W/O emulsion will significantly increase the viscosity of the whole fluid-system. Meanwhile, the emulsion droplets tend to block the core pores, which will reduce the flow oil and water. In this paper, the terms of oil-water ratio, pH and other factors on heavy oil emulsification of tight sandstone in a block of Xinjiang were studied. Furthermore, in order to study the emulsification behavior in large and small pores, a large tube and a small tube are used to investigate how the hole apertures affect heavy oil emulsification. Finally, the demulsification time and dehydration rate were recorded, and the interfacial tension and viscosity were tested. The results show that heavy oil is easy to self-emulsify with water to form W/O emulsion, and it’s extremely stable. When the oil-water ratio is 3:7, the viscosity of the emulsions reaches 307 mPa·s, which is 38 times higher than that of crude oil. Acidic and alkaline conditions are benefit of demulsification and the stability of the emulsions is reduced. In small tube with higher interfacial tension, the demulsification time is shortened, and the stability of the emulsions is reduced.
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Toro-Vazquez, Jorge, Anaid De la Peña-Gil, David Pérez-Martinez, and Miriam Charó-Alonso. "Structured water-in-oil emulsions developed with candelilla wax." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/sejq3271.

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Candelilla wax (CW) is an efficient gelator of vegetable oils with n-alkanes (≈67%) and terpenoid alcohols (≈23%) as major components. The CW forms oleogels with excellent rheological and thixothropic behavior, mainly associated with the microstructure developed by the molecular self-assembly of n-alkanes. In this study we evaluated the CW emulsifying capacity by developing emulsions at different water to safflower oil (W:O) ratios (40:60, 50:50, 60:40). Initially we developed CW solutions in safflower oil by heating at 90°C for 30 min. After setting the CW oleogel at 25°C, we added the corresponding water proportion (25°C) while stirring for 60 secs with an ultra-turrax type homogenizer set at the higher speed. The W/O emulsions, with final CW concentrations of 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3%, were evaluated as a function of storage time (25°C at 0, 4, 8 and 20 days) for solid content (%SC), water droplet size distribution (WDSD), microstructure, and emulsion stability. The results showed that at all CW concentrations studied we developed W/O emulsions that showed smaller WDSD as CW concentration increased, and larger WDSD as the W:O ratio increased. The emulsion stability, thermal, and microstructural analysis of the W:O emulsions and corresponding oleogels (no water added) showed that CW developed structured emulsions (Fig. 1). During emulsification terpenoid alcohols acted as emulsifiers at the oil-water interface, while n-alkanes remained in the oil phase developing an oleogel. The structured W/O emulsions were particularly stable ( > 20 days) at CW concentrations above 0.75% and at W:O ratios below 60:40. The CW structured W/O emulsions showed a mayonnaise-like visual texture (Fig. 2) with thixothropic and frequency independent rheological behavior useful to develop trans-free, low-fat edible spreads.
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Thatte, Azam M., and Anil K. Kulkarni. "Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Flame Spread Over Water-in-Oil Emulsions." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82788.

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Flame spread characteristics are studied for water-in-oil emulsion layers floating on top of a water body — similar to a scenario in which an accidental oil spill occurs in open, rough sea. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed and numerical solution is obtained for the ignition and flame spread process which takes into account the emulsion break up into oil and water due to heating, oil vaporization, combustion of oil vapor mixed with air in open atmosphere, radiative and convective heat feed back from flames to the condensed phase (consisting of emulsion, oil, and water), and continuation of the emulsion breaking resulting in flame spread till the oil is consumed. Numerical results are compared with experiments conducted on Arabian Medium Crude oil emulsions made with up to 20% weathered oil (light fraction evaporated, by volume), having up to 50% water content in the emulsions. The flame spread rate decreased as the water content and the weathering level increased, with a reasonable agreement between experiments and model. The long term objective of this work is to assist the application of in situ burning as a measure for the cleanup of weathered and emulsified oils.
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Dayili, Mohammed, Alwaleed Alghamdi, Hala Sadeg, and Amr Abdel-Fattah. "Investigating Separation Efficiency of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Subjected to an Acoustic Field." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213344-ms.

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Abstract The demand for improved technologies that enhance the separation of low concentrations of oil from water and thus reduce the increasing retention times in surface separation facilities is increasing. Acoustophoresis is a promising technique where acoustic direct radiation forces can aid to demulsify O/W emulsions and enhance oil separation of the produced water stream. Herein, we explored the coalescence behavior of oil-in-water emulsion in a stationary acoustophoretic setup. To quantify the acoustic O/W separation efficiency and identify the proper acoustic parameters for various O/W emulsion compositions, a series of experiments were conducted in large-scale (4-in × 4in × 12-in) acoustic resonator using O/W emulsions of different compositions. The separation efficiency is assessed by comparing the oil layer thickness of an emulsion separated by gravity alone with that separated after being subjected to the standing wave field. The mixing time and speed was 15 minutes and 2000 rpm respectively which was optimized experimentally for stable emulsion. Rushton impeller was used for high turbulence mixing. Results demonstrated the importance of optimizing the acoustic parameters (frequency, power) with respect to the emulsion droplet size distribution for improving the separation efficiency. The formation of bands and the accelerated separation of oil droplets are facilitated by the application of sufficient energy to the proper standing wave. This study showed that when ultrasonic was applied to the emulsion under limited frequency and power, coalescence was shown on the surface, meaning in a standing wave field, oil droplets aggregate and collide in the anti-nodal planes, where their coalescence and buoyancy occur when direct radiation force (Aggregating oil droplet), and secondary acoustic force (when coalescence takes place due to the causing of attractive or repulsive forces), therefore separation will happen. Results showed that the oil layer thickness recovered from the O/W emulsion subjected to the acoustic field was ~70% higher than that of gravitational separation alone. Results also showed that deviating from the standing wave frequency or delivering excessive acoustic power can result in random droplet motion, secondary emulsification, and a decrease in separation efficiency. An observation experiment was done using stable emulsions with droplet sizes ranging from 50 to 100 micron subjected at ultrasonic radiation with varying amount of acoustic power starting with small amount of powerand increased gradually until reach the maximum power; 111 to 280 watts, showedemulsion separation is progressing with maximum efficiency or standing wave is creating the maximum capacity for an emulsion dispersed content. This regime of system depends critically on the oil content of an emulsion. Also, computational work has been conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics for illustration of frequency influence on oil separation. This work provides novel information to direct the field implementation of in-line acoustic oil-water separation tool by identifying the key parameters that influence oil coalescence hence the separation efficiency of the tool.
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Ghoreishi, S. Ali, Javier O. Sanchez, Julian D. Ortiz Arango, Ian D. Gates, and S. Hossein Hejazi. "Oil in Water Emulsion Formation in SAGD with Chemical Additives." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212779-ms.

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Abstract The in-situ formation of oil in water emulsions can contribute to the oil mobilization when combined with Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). The produced fluids in SAGD operations and sand pack SAGD experiments often show the existence of both oil in water and water in oil emulsions. Due to the opaque nature of sand packs, however, it is unclear whether the emulsions are formed in-situ during the flow through porous media or in the production tubing. This study aims at understanding the impact of a surfactant known as "High-temperature Emulsifying Agent" (HEA) as an additive on the SAGD process and the possibility of forming preferred oil in water emulsions. The high-temperature fluid flow experiments are performed in 2.5D glass micromodels which are placed in a custom built compact high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) visual cell. Hot water and HEA solution (3000 ppm concentration) at 82 °C are injected at a constant rate of 5 μl/min. The injected fluid first displaces bitumen in the form of an advancing finger, forming a condensate-bitumen interface which is slowly advancing towards the production port at the bottom end of the model. Hot water initially displaces bitumen from the pores leaving a film of bitumen on the grain surfaces which is eventually removed as the injection continues. Water droplets dispersed in bitumen are observed at the areas experiencing high shear forces, i.e., near the main two-phase front and close to the production port. In contrast to the hot water process, no oil film is observed during the HEA injection. In the presence of HEA solution, oil in water emulsion is formed at the condensate-bitumen interface and ahead of the interface deep in the oil zone. The latter could be the result of corner flow which promotes the fast distribution of HEA solution throughout the model, ahead of the main water-oil interface. This work provides insights on the role of surfactants in forming oil in water emulsions in steam-based bitumen production. A novel HPHT visual cell enables the rapid assessment of solvent-surfactant-steam recovery processes and a better understanding of the active emulsifying mechanism in this system.
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Hattori, Tokima, Xingjuan Hao, Mai Shimokawara, Yoshitake Kato, Ryuta Kitamura, and Yogarajah Elakneswaran. "Influence of Inorganic Solid Particles in the Formation and Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22863-ea.

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Abstract Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion could be formed during the transportation, refining, and storage of crude oils. In the stockpiling tanks, the emulsion and sludge formation were observed by storing of crude oils for a long period of time and cleaning of tanks. It has been reported that the presence of solids affects the emulsion types as well as the stability of emulsions produced. In addition, the surface properties of inorganic particles could influence the crude oil/water interface and thus affect the crude oil-water emulsion stability. Therefore, in this study, the presence of inorganic solid particles on the formation and stability of emulsion was quantitatively evaluated. A crude oil and synthetic brine were used for emulsion evaluation. In addition, calcite and kaolinite were selected as inorganic solid particles. Emulsions were prepared by mixing crude oil and synthetic brine at a ratio in volume of 1:9. The prepared emulsion was allowed to rest for 24 h and then centrifuged to separate crude oil and water. The volume and pH of resolved water were measured to assess emulsion stability in the presence of inorganic solids. It is found that the addition of inorganic solid particles increased the volume of resolved water and destabilize the emulsion compared to that of without inorganic solid particles. The concentration of solids influences the formation of stable emulsion: high concentration decreases the stable emulsion formation. The dissolution of inorganic solids increases the pH of the water and promotes the demulsification due to high surface potential of crude oil. Moreover, the solid particles enhance the formation of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion and thus generates unstable emulsion. Increase of temperature and addition of inorganic solids decrease the emulsion height, which was predicted by emulsion layer growth model where coagulation rate constant was a tuning parameter. High value of the coagulation rate constant implies strong coagulation between water droplets and facilitate emulsion instability.
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Alanazi, Khalid, R. Mohan, S. S. Kolla, and O. Shoham. "Effect of Water Cut and Temperature on the Stability of Emulsifier-Free Oil-Water Dispersion in Batch Separators at Various Stirrer Speeds." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-111435.

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Abstract The stability of an emulsifier-free oil-water dispersion in a 200 ml batch separator with a 60mm diameter was characterized using experimental data. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of various water cuts (WC = 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%) and temperatures (T = 25°C, 60°C and 80°C) on the starting times of water and oil separation, full emulsion’s separation time, and volumes of emulsion at various mixing speeds (600–2500 rpm). The two immiscible phases were EXXSOL™ D110 (mineral oil) and distilled water, with density and viscosity ratios of 0.805 and 0.330, respectively. For the fluid systems studied in this work, the emulsion formed with WCs ≥ 75% was significantly impacted by mixing speed and did not separate for several hours at speeds ≥ 1000 rpm. Emulsions of WCs ≤ 50%, on the other hand, were independent of the stirrer speed and separated fully immediately after formation. According to the experimental results, increasing the temperature accelerated the oil creaming rate but delayed the starting time of water sedimentation and was unsuccessful overall in the separation process. For WCs ≥ 75%, emulsions displayed a shear-thinning behavior with viscosities reaching more than 2300 cP at lower shear rates and water-like viscosities at higher shear rates.
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MANDAL, AJAY, PRADEEP KUMAR, RAJIV CHOUDHARY, and S. K. MAITY. "CHARACTERIZATION AND SEPARATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION." In Proceedings of the International Conference on CBEE 2009. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295048_0008.

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Reports on the topic "Oil-in-water emulsion"

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Dagata, John A., Natalia Farkas, and John A. Kramer. Method for Measuring the Volume of Nominally 100 μm Diameter Spherical Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets. National Institute of Standards and Technology, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-184.

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Wannasin, Donpon, Celina Fonseca, and Eric Decker. Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions. AOCS, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lox22.1.

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Twa, S. P. Further characterization and demulsification studies on oil-in-water emulsions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304921.

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Coulombe, S., B. A. Farnand, and H. Sawatzky. Characterization of surfactants isolated by ultrafiltration from enhanced oil recovery oil-in-water emulsions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302671.

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5

Law, C. K. Combustion and Micro-Explosion of Water/Oil Emulsions in High Pressure Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada152960.

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Udoratina, Elena, Petr Sitnikov, Philip Legki, Julia Druz, Nikita Ushakov, and Michael Torlopov. Fabrication, characterization and biodegradability of oil–in–water pickering emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals. Peeref, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2307p6144866.

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