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Academic literature on the topic 'Oil incomes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil incomes"

An, Jaehyung, Alexey Mikhaylov, and Natalia Sokolinskaya. "Retraction: Oil incomes spending in sovereign fund of Norway (GPFG)." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.02.

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Retracted on August 17, 2020 by the Journal’s owner and Publisher. Type of retraction – plagiarism.There wasn’t a request for this retraction, but the reason for investigation of plagiarism fact was the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s report “Predatory Journals at Scopus and WoS: Translation Plagiarism from Russian Sources”: https://kpfran.ru/wp-content/uploads/plagiarism-by-translation-2.pdf” dated August 12, 2020. The publishing house has familiarized itself with the report. The article by Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin (2019). Asset allocation in equity, fixed-income and cryptocurrency on the base of individual risk sentiment. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(2), 171-181. doi:10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.15 was mentioned in this report. It is noted that translation plagiarism was detected in this article - http://wiki.dissernet.org/wsave/IMFI_2019_2_1publ.html. Due to this the publishing house carried out an investigation on possible cases of plagiarism of all articles of these authors (Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin) published in “Business Perspectives” journals. When the manuscript "Oil incomes spending in sovereign fund of Norway (GPFG)" was submitted to the Journal for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. Then, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs. Plagiarism was not detected. On August 12, 2020 the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s presented the report. Editorial staff decided to re-test all articles of mentioned authors for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs – the programs didn’t show the plagiarism, then the articles were tested for translation plagiarism by the experts of “Business Perspectives” and plagiarism was detected (plagiarism and paraphrases from Russian-language sources). According to the results of the investigation, the Publisher and owner of the journal decided to retract this article because of plagiarism on August 17, 2020.The authors were notified of such a decision.

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Mehdi, Safdari. "A Study Examining the Effects of Oil Export in Iran." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2011): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v2i2.653.

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The effect of increasing oil incomes on oil exporter countries is the main issues of political economy. Generally and especially about Iran can be recognized this effect in the government spending method, economic structure and behavior of government within the country. Since oil incomes arenâ€™t result of the performance of economic activities, consequently increasing does not show the real economic prosperity. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between oil exports and economic growth in Iran. The data were collected from 1961-2006 and were analyzed using Cointegration, Error Correction Model, and VEC Granger causality/Wald Exogeniety model. The result of the analyses showed that there was significant relationship between oil incomes and economic growth. It showed that increasing in oil price rate lead to increasing in the government costs consequently it affect on the exchange rate and lead to increasing in real exchange rate. Therefore oil incomes are regarded as an important factor in Iran's economic growth.

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Filimonova, I. V., L. V. Eder, A. V. Komarova, and S. I. Shumilova. "Structural analysis of incomes of oil and gas companies." Problems of Economics and Management of Oil and Gas Complex, no. 4 (2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/1999-6942-2019-4(172)-9-15.

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Rosas Uriustegui, Ivan Faustino, Juan Manuel Pat Fernández, Lucio Alberto Pat Fernández, and Johannes Cornelis van der Wal. "The effect of oil palm on income strategies and food security of households in rural communities in Campeche, Mexico." Acta Universitaria 28, no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2018.1553.

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Oil palm cropping expands rapidly in the Mexican state of Campeche. The crop has the potential to contribute to agricultural diversification and economic development of rural communities. At the same time, the effect of its rapid, unplanned expansion on income strategies and food security of domestic groups in rural communities is largely unknown. The goal of this study is to analyze the effects of the oil palm crop on income strategies and food security in rural communities of the south of Campeche State, México. The Sustainable Livelihoods (SL) approach was used and information on cropping and SL was gathered through a survey and participatory community workshops. Results show that, until now, oil palm cropping is a complementary activity to the income strategies of the farmers’ families as these incorporate palm cultivation, while maintaining their other productive activities. Oil palm plantation establishment contributes to productive diversification, job creation and provision of stable incomes of domestic groups (DGs). Furthermore, domestic groups that include oil palm production in their income strategies have a greater degree of food security.

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Khakestari, marzieh, and Navid Nazari Adli. "The Impact of Sanction on the Oil Incomes in Oil Markets: Cooperative Game Approach." Journal of Research in Economic Modeling 6, no. 21 (December 1, 2015): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jemr.6.21.193.

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Goncharov, V. D., S. V. Koteev, and S. G. Salnikov. "Influence of Household Incomes on the Level of Vegetable Oil Consumption." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 4 (April 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2018-0-4-39-44.

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T. S. G. Peiris, M. T. N. Fernando, and S. Samarajeewa. "Factors influencing the use of coconut oil by the householders in Sri Lanka and their policy relevance to popularize the consumption of coconut oil." CORD 20, no. 02 (December 1, 2004): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v20i02.388.

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In recent past the concept on the use of coconut oil (CNO) by the householders in Sri Lanka has been changing due to various reasons. The reasons were studied using the generalized linear models for the survey conducted during May/June 2001 for 366 householders representing three different population sectors (urban, rural and estate) and different income groups. The significant factors influencing the use of CNO are the type of oil used in past, monthly income, quality of CNO, misconception about CNO and the population sectors. The percentage of non-CNO users is considerably higher in the urban sector, whereas CNO still is the major edible oil in the rural and estate population sectors of Sri Lanka. The percentage of householders using CNO in the sample was 91.2. In 75% of the sample, the quantity of CNO consumption per person has reduced over the last five years. The main reason for dissatisfaction for CNO is adulteration. The proportion of CNO use was significantly higher in lower income groups than the higher income groups. The proportion of the CNO use decreased sharply when the income increases above Rs. 40,000 per month. The high-income earners have shifted their preferences towards other edible oil consumption. The findings of this study suggest that the growth of the per capita incomes and the rapid urbanization in the country further reduces the consumer demand for coconut oil, unless there are effective marketing strategies implemented to promote the CNO consumption in the long run. Both the proportion and rate of CNO use can be increased through an effective campaign via media. Improving the quality and dispelling the misconception among the householders would give better prospects to the coconut oil industry in Sri Lanka.

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El Khatib, Bassel, and Ludek Sisak. "Productivity of Palm Oil Extraction Technology in Cameroon." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0007.

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Abstract Agriculture and forestry remain the leading sectors in Cameroon, accounting for some 36% of the merchandise exports and for more than 40% of GDP in 1998/99. Agriculture alone accounts for more than 30% of GDP and provides employment for about 68% of the active population. The Cameroon government and industry stakeholders have continuingly expressed concern about the impact of rising food import on the local industries and the rural communities especially as vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, has a vital role to play not only as nutritional source for the Cameroon population, but for their contribution to rural incomes and employment opportunities. Particularly, Cameroon government is expecting a significant progress in implementation of new oil extraction technology where mainly in the palm oil processing technology the value added chain in this commodity is expected. Cameroon’s oil palm industry still plays a significant role in the national economy, providing oil for house hold consumption, industrial use as well as employment for thousands of Cameroonians who are engaged in production, processing and marketing. This project aims at bringing clarity on to what extent the up to date oil extraction processing technology installed in a concrete rural district, and under a clear management and regulatory structure and environment, outperforms in terms of productivity (tons of palm oil produced), quality (price of the crude palm oil) and income generation, the existing traditional manual processing palm oil producing system. The methodology applied within this study consists of comparing key indicators across populations of small scale palm oil processors in interaction with traditional non sophisticated technology with different work environment, production capacity, socio-economic status and income levels (cross-sectional statistical analysis)

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Chalil, Diana, Riantri Barus, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Jullimursyida, Mawardati, and Isfenti Sadalia. "The impacts of oil palm plantations on local and migrant smallholders’ incomes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 336 (October 15, 2019): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/336/1/012002.

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Zulkifly, Zulkifly, Yusniar Lubis, and Syaifuddin Lubis. "Analisis Evaluasi Kebun PlaAnalisis Evaluasi Kebun Plasma Yang Dikelola Oleh Kebun Inti Dan Dikelola Sendiri Oleh Peserta Plasma Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Kelapa Sawit (Kasus Pt. Pinago Utama, Kabupaten Musi Banyu Asin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan)." AGRISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Agribisnis 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agrisains.v2i1.258.

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This study aims to determine and analyze the differences and the effect of production on the income of plasma palm oil farmers who are independently managed and managed in the core of PT. Pinago Utama. This research method uses a quantitative approach, the type of research is a survey. The sample was determined by 60 stratified random sampling methods. Data were analyzed using the independent sample mean difference test and simple linear regression. The results showed that there was an insignificant difference in the production of oil palm smallholdings managed by nucleus and those managed independently by farmers. However, there are significant differences in farmers' incomes, production costs and the cost of production of plasma oil palm estates managed by the nucleus and those managed by farmers independently. The cost of production of the nucleus estate managed by the nucleus is Rp. 576.65 / kg 39.17% lower than smallholdings which are managed independently by farmers (Rp. 947.95 / kg). Changes in production obtained by farmers have a significant effect on changes in income, both for estates managed by the nucleus and those managed independently by farmers. Thus there is a difference in the effect of production on farmers' income by almost 50% (49.88%)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil incomes"

Souza, Lucas Reis de. "Análise de impactos econômicos da atividade petrolífera em municípios da Bahia no período de 2005 a 2010." Faculdade de Economia, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/16687.

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Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis - IBP
Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos econômicos da atividade petrolífera – produção e recebimento de royalties – em municípios da Bahia no período de 2005 a 2010. Nesse contexto, as mudanças recentes na indústria petrolífera brasileira, decorrentes da promulgação da Lei do Petróleo de 1997, fizeram com que fosse necessário reavaliar a situação desses campos e seu potencial de produzir impactos econômicos positivos nos municípios em que estão localizados. O objetivo principal da análise quantitativa foi o de verificar se i) a produção de petróleo e gás natural, e ii) o recebimento de royalties têm algum impacto sobre o crescimento econômico dos grupos de municípios baianos em que isso ocorre. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de dados utilizando a metodologia de Painel Dinâmico Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), utilizando tanto o estimador Arellano-Bond (GMM-DIF) quanto o Arellano-Bover (GMM-SYS), e comparando seus resultados com outras metodologias de Painel Estático. Foi analisado o desempenho de municípios baianos produtores e não produtores de petróleo e gás, e de recebedores e não recebedores de royalties, bem como se há um efeito multiplicativo dos valores recebidos por esses municípios no período de 2005 a 2010, para os impactos dos royalties, e de 2007 a 2010, para os impactos da produção. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, em conformidade com a literatura sobre a “maldição dos recursos naturais”, há uma relação inversa entre arrecadação com royalties pelos municípios que recebem essa renda petrolífera e seu nível de renda, ainda que essa relação seja pouco relevante em termos econômicos. No entanto, as estimações realizadas apenas para os municípios produtores mostram que essa relação se inverte, tornando-se positiva, mas também de baixa magnitude. O mesmo ocorre quando se adiciona um termo interativo entre produção e royalties recebidos, que também apresenta um impacto positivo mas cuja magnitude é pouco relevante. Dessa forma, é plausível afirmar que, ainda que haja um impacto positivo no caso dos municípios produtores, há indícios de que esse impacto pode ser ainda maior, caso sejam adotados incentivos para o aumento da atividade petrolífera na região e políticas públicas que busquem atrelar as rendas petrolíferas recebidas por esses municípios a despesas como, por exemplo, saúde e/ou educação, além de exigir desses a adoção e divulgação de indicadores de governança mais robustos.
This study aims to evaluate the economic impacts of the oil and gas industry – production and royalties received – in municipalities in the state of Bahia between the years of 2005 and 2010. In this context, recent changes in the Brazilian oil and gas industry, resulting from the passing of the Petroleum Law of 1997, made it necessary to reevaluate the situation of these wells and their potential to generate positive economic impacts for the municipalities where they are located. The main objective of the quantitative analysis was to verify whether i) oil and gas production, and ii) receiving royalties had any impact on economic growth of the groups of municipalities where these occur. In order to accomplish that, an analysis of the available data was carried out with the methodology Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), using both the Arellano-Bond (GMM-DIF) and Arellano-Bover (GMM-SYS) estimators and comparing their results to those of other methodologies, namely Static Panel ones. The economic performance of producing and non-producing municipalities in Bahia, and of those that received and did not receive royalties was analyzed. Moreover, it was also evaluated whether or not there is a multiplicative effect of the royalty figures received by these municipalities during the period analyzed. Results show that, in accordance with the literature on the Curse of Natural Resources, there is an inverse relation between the collection of royalties and income levels for municipalities in Bahia, but this impact is of little economic relevance. However, estimations carried out solely for producing municipalities point to an inverse relationship in that sense, being positive for this specific group, but also of little economic relevance. A similar impact is observed when an interactive term including a dummy for production and the amount of royalties received is added to the model, also resulting in a positive but low economic impact. Thus, it is plausible to claim that even if there is a positive impact in producing municipalities steming from this activity, there is evidence that this impact could be even greater if incentives for the increase of production are provided for this region. In addition to that, public policies searching to bond oil incomes received by these municipalities to expenses in areas such as education and health, as well as more robust governance indicators, are also desirable in that sense.

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Håkansson, Gustav. "New significant player in the oil market : What is the response on China's oil consumption from changes in oil price and income growth." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-352.

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I den här studien analyseras hur Kinas konsumtion av olja påverkas av förändringar i oljepris och inkomst. Resultat visar att deras konsumtion av olja i förhållande till BNP per capita är relativt låg samt att deras fordonskoncentration är låg. År 2004 konsumerade Kina 14 procent mindre olja per capita än vad genomsnittligt land gör vid samma BNP per capitanivå. Fordonskoncentration år 2003 var 25 fordon per 1000 invånare, denna studie visar att om de hade haft en genomsnittlig fordonskoncentration skulle denna siffra varit 40 samma sätt till att vara på Deras ovan nämnda relativt låga fordonskoncentration och konsumtion av olja, kan peka mot att en fortsatt konsumtionsökning.

År 2004 var den globala konsumtionen av olja i genomsnitt 81 miljoner fat dagligen (mb/d) och Kinas uppgick till 6.7 mb/d (BPstats ). Ett antal prognoser finns gjorda angående Kinas framtida konsumtion av olja. Enligt EIA 2005, kommer den att uppgå till 12.3 mb/d år 2020 och enligt IEA 2005 till 11.2 mb/d år 2020.

Den empiriska undersökningen i denna studie belyser med signifikanta resultat hur Kinas konsumtion av olja påverkas utav pris- och inkomstförändringar. De ekonometriska resultaten i denna studie indikerar att deras konsumtion av olja är mer känslig för inkomst- än prisförändringar. Den långsiktiga inkomstelasticiteten uppmättes i den här studien till 1.317 och den långsiktiga priselasticiteten till -0.633. Med hänvisning till detta och ceteris paribus, kan en inkomstökning på 100 procent över perioden 2005-2020 leda till att Kina år 2020 konsumerar 17.6 mb/d. Således kan prognoserna från EIA (2005) och IEA (2005) vara underestimerade.

De inkomst- och priselasticitet som är estimerade i denna studie konfirmerar Dargay och Gatelys resultat från 1994 att ett mindre utvecklat lands konsumtion av olja påverkas mer av förändringar i inkomst än i pris.

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Althani, Hamad A. "Pearls and oil : global linkages and domestic income in Qatar." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337673.

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Olfati, Ronak. "The Impact of Oil Revenue on the Iranian Economy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16834.

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This study aims to identify the effects of oil income on economic growth in Iran over the period 1955-2014. The empirical literature indicates that countries with natural resources are growing more slowly than their counterparts. However, the results from this literature are far from conclusive, particularly in regard to the role played by oil-rich countries. Needless to say, this role depends on other factors as well, including the political situation in the country, the quality of institutions, and the efficacy of the financial system. Some empirical research has found that natural resources, particularly oil, can have a positive impact on the output of a country. although natural resources are not a factor of production in growth theories, studies have used different growth frameworks in order to discover whether having natural resources is a blessing or a curse. In line with recent studies, this work uses an augmented neoclassical growth model to develop a theoretical framework where oil enters the long-term output of the country through saving and investment. Overall, the results suggests that oil income has a positive impact on the level of output per capita in Iran. The findings of the econometric results are in line with the historical analysis of the study. Since different methods and proxies were used, a total of eight models were estimated. Interestingly, when PRIVY is used as an index of financial development, the result of the study changes and oil no longer has a significant impact on the economy. However, this can be translated to an inefficient allocation of credit to the private sector.

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Beer, Sebastian, and Jan Loeprick. "Taxing Income in the Oil and Gas Sector - Challenges of International and Domestic Profit Shifting." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4558/1/SSRN%2Did2610558.pdf.

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This paper provides specific estimates on the scale of profit shifting among hydrocarbon MNEs. We estimate a lower-bound semi-elasticity of reported profits to sector specific income taxation of -1.88. To assess the importance of domestic profit-shifting channels, we take advantage of domestic tax differentials among hydrocarbon producers facing additional rent taxes and find that domestic profit shifting accounts for about one third of total income concealed. Overall, we estimate revenue losses in the sector due to profit-shifting amount to 12% - 35% of the income tax base, depending on the characteristics of a country's tax regime. We also observe a higher vulnerability of non-OECD economies to profit shifting in our sample, which consists of 294 domestic and multinational parents and subsidiaries during the period from 2004-2012. Finally, our analysis confirms the mitigation effect of documentation requirements for internal transactions. However, we also find that increased enforcement prompts MNEs in the Oil and Gas sector to rely more heavily on the reallocation of profits at the domestic level. (authors' abstract)
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

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Struwig, Sybrand Johannes. "A comparative study of income tax legislation for foreign oil and gas companies investing in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26424.

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The oil and natural gas industry worldwide has become one of the most important commodities due to its value in use and dependency in our modern lifestyle. Countries with rich oil and natural gas reserves has shown to exploit these resources to the country's economic benefit. South Africa has in the past not been part of the big oil and natural gas producing countries of the world. But recent discoveries of possible shale gas reserves in the Karoo Basin attracted interest by foreign oil and gas companies with the potential that South Africa has as an oil and natural gas producing country. The purpose of this study is to compare the South African income tax law and regulations with that of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, which arguable can be seen as one of the world's big oil and natural gas producing countries. The study firstly develops an understanding of each of the two countries' oil and natural gas industries and thereafter compares the two countries income tax laws, the income tax system and collection method of the income tax revenues. The study then concludes on the status of the South African income tax regime in comparison to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea's income tax regime. The introduction of the Tenth Schedule to the South African Income Tax Act (58/1962) has brought the income tax laws in South Africa in line with international practice. Consideration should be given to broadening the income tax revenue collection methods in order to broaden the tax base for South Africa. AFRIKAANS : Die olie en natuurlike gas industrie wêreldwyd het een van die mees belangrike kommoditeite geword as gevolg van die waarde en afhanklikheid wat dit het vir ons moderne leefstyl. Lande met ryk olie en natuurlike gas reserwes het bewys dat die gebruik daarvan tot voordeel van 'n land se ekonomiese groei kan lei. Suid-Afrika het in die verlede nie as een van die wêreld se reuse in olie en natuurlike gas produksie getel nie. Maar met die onlangse ontdekking van moontlike skalie gas reserwes in die Karoo Kom het belangstelling van buitelandse olie en gas maatskappye gelok in die potensiaal wat Suid-Afrika het om 'n olie en natuurlike gas produserende land te wees. Die doel van die studie is om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen Suid-Afrika se inkomste belasting wette en regulasies met die van die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea, wat gesien kan word as een van die reuse van die wêreld as dit kom by olie en natuurlike gas produserende lande. Die studie skets eerstens 'n agtergrond van die twee lande se olie en natuurlike gas industrieë en daarna vergelyk die studie die twee lande se inkomste belasting wette, die inkomste belasting stelsels en invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting. Die studie kom dan tot 'n gevolgtrekking oor die status van die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting omgewing teenoor die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea se inkomste belasting omgewing. Die bekendstelling van die Tiende Skedule tot die Inkomste Belasting Wet (58/1962) het die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting wet in lyn gebring met internasionale inkomste belasinvorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.ting wette. Oorweging moet geskenk word aan die invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Taxation
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Asekomeh, Ayodele Oshokamere. "A theoretical and empirical critique of the evidence for income smoothing in the oil and gas industry." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518228.

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Seghir, Majda. "Essays in oil and the economic development of resource rich countries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0047.

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La richesse naturelle est-elle un gage de prospérité ou se révèle-t-elle être une malédiction? Comment le pétrole a-t-il façonné l'évolution économique des pays producteurs ? Dans le prolongement de ces interrogations, l'objectif de cette thèse est de progresser dans la compréhension des mécanismes qui font que le pétrole est, pour les pays exportateurs, aussi souvent une malédiction qu'une bénédiction. Les travaux empiriques qui constituent notre thèse permettent ainsi de répondre à trois questions distinctes : (i) quelle est la contribution du pétrole en tant que ressource énergétique (ou source d'énergie) au processus de croissance économique ? (ii) quels sont les effets directs et indirects de la dépendance aux revenus pétroliers sur la croissance économique et (iii) la malédiction pétrolière n'est-elle pas une question qui renvoie à la stabilité macroéconomique?Notre analyse met ainsi en évidence les résultats suivants : (i) une richesse pétrolière abondante et la surconsommation de pétrole observée dans une large majorité de pays exportateurs de pétrole contribuent positivement au processus de croissance économique. Ce résultat n'est toutefois valable que sur le court terme. En effet, sur le long terme, la consommation de pétrole s'avère être une conséquence de la croissance économique ; (ii) le pétrole en tant que source de revenus impacte la croissance économique directement et indirectement via ses effets sur le montant et la qualité des dépenses publiques ainsi que sur l'ouverture commerciale. Au regard de ces mécanismes de transmission, nos résultats montrent qu'au-delà d'un certain seuil de dépendance aux revenus pétroliers, la croissance économique est entravée par les effets directs et indirects de la rente pétrolière. Toutefois, ces effets peuvent être contenus, tout d'abord, en réduisant la dépendance aux revenus pétroliers, en améliorant, ensuite, la gouvernance et, enfin, en allant vers davantage de stabilité politique ; (iii) les revenus pétroliers, de part leur extrême instabilité peuvent nuire à la croissance économique en induisant des distorsions macroéconomiques. Cette instabilité se traduit plus précisément par une appréciation du taux de change réel, une hausse des dépenses publiques et de l'inflation. Les pays les plus tributaires de la rente pétrolière sont les plus exposés à cette instabilité macroéconomique. De même, les pays où l'efficacité et la crédibilité du gouvernement sont moindres sont ceux où la croissance économique pâtit le plus de cette instabilité macroéconomique.Le pétrole est ainsi un atout pour les économies des pays exportateurs de pétrole dont il faut maitriser les effets indésirables sur l'économie. Une première solution consisterait alors à réduire le niveau de dépendance de l'économie aux revenus pétroliers pour diminuer le risque d'exposition à la volatilité des prix du pétrole et en réduire le risque de contagion à l'économie. Une autre solution nécessiterait d'améliorer la capacité des gouvernements à mettre en place des politiques économiques efficientes
Is natural wealth a guarantee of prosperity or is it a curse? How has petroleum shaped growth economic process in oil producing countries? To the extent that these questions have to be raise, the purpose of this thesis is to move towards a better understanding of the mechanisms that make oil becoming a curse as often as a blessing, in oil exporting countries. The empirical studies conducted in this thesis help answer three main questions: (i) What is the contribution of oil as energy (or an energy source) in the process of economic growth? (ii) What are the direct and indirect effects of dependence to oil revenues on economic growth? (iii) Is the oil curse a question of macroeconomic stability?Our contributions thus highlight the following results. (i) Abundant oil wealth and overconsumption observed in the vast majority of oil exporting countries contribute positively to the economic growth process. This result is, however, valid only in the short term. Indeed, in the long term, oil consumption appears to be a consequence of economic growth. (ii) Oil as a source of revenue impacts economic growth directly and indirectly through its effect on the amount and quality of public spending as well as on trade openness. Given these mechanisms, our results show that beyond a certain threshold of dependence on oil revenues, economic growth is constrained by the direct and indirect effects of oil revenues. However, these effects can be contained, first, by reducing dependence on oil revenues; then, by improving government effectiveness; and finally by increasing political stability. (iii) Oil revenues, due to their extreme instability may harm economic growth by inducing macroeconomic distortions. This instability results more precisely by an appreciation of the real exchange rate, a rise in public spending and inflation. The most dependent are countries, the most they are exposed to macroeconomic instability. Similarly, countries with an efficient and credible government are the one which suffer economic growth suffers the less from macroeconomic instability.Oil is, thus, a vantage for oil exporting countries but the adverse effects of such a natural resource on the economy must be mastered. One solution would, then, be to reduce the level of dependence of the economy on oil revenues to reduce the exposure to volatile oil prices and to reduce the risk of contagion to the economy. Another solution would be to improve the ability of governments to implement efficient economic policies

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Spear, Nasser A. (Nasser Abdelmonem). "The Information Content of Supplemental Reserve-Based Replacement Measures Relative to that of Historical Cost income and its Cash and Accrual Components of Oil and Gas Producing Companies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277915/.

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This study examined whether three reserve-based quantity replacement measures and three reserve-based value replacement measures have incremental information content beyond that of historical earnings and its cash and accrual components. This study also examined whether the cash and accrual components of earnings have incremental information content beyond that of earnings.

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Ouhab-Alathamneh, Nassima. "Les États de la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord et la rente pétrolière : de la dépendance aux stratégies alternatives." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB185/document.

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Plus de cinquante ans après leur indépendance, la majorité des pays de la région Afrique du Nord et Moyen-Orient (MENA) demeurent tributaire des revenus générés par l'exportation des hydrocarbures. Ces pays peinent à développer leurs économies malgré les grands potentiels (humains et naturels) dont ils disposent. L'indice de développement humain dans beaucoup de pays pétroliers de la région est plus inférieur que dans certains pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne ou de l'Amérique latine. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont confrontés aujourd'hui, plus que jamais, aux problèmes de chômage, de la corruption, de l'économie informelle, etc. L'épuisement certain, dans les quelques années à venir, du pétrole, ainsi que la chute des prix depuis mi 2014, sont les raisons essentielles qui devraient pousser les gouvernements de ces pays à préparer l'après pétrole, à travers la promotion des investissements nationaux et étrangers, le développement des autres secteurs d'activité, hors hydrocarbures, comme l'agriculture, l'industrie et le tourisme. Les mutations que connaît la région MENA, depuis les soulèvements populaires de 2011, ainsi que l'avancée de l'État Islamique, freinent considérablement les réformes économiques entamées dans nombreux pays tels que la Libye, l'Irak (depuis son invasion en 2003) et le Yémen. Les rivalités entre les autres puissances comme l'Iran et l'Arabie Saoudite, ainsi que l'Arabie Saoudite et l'Algérie n'arrangent pas non plus la coopération intra régionale, d'où la nécessité pour les pays arabes de s'allier et de coopérer, en matière économique comme politique, afin de développer l'économie de l'ensemble des pays de la région
More than fifty years after their independence, most of the countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are still subject to the revenue generated by the export of hydrocarbons. They have difficulty to develop their economy in spite of their important capacities (natural and human). The IWD in those petroleum countries in this region is lower than some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Nowadays, Governments are facing to unemployment, corruption, informal economy, etc. And, the clear depletion of oil in the future, as the falling oil prices since 2014, are critical reasons to encourage Governments in a reflexion on the post-oil, through the promoting of national and international investments, the diversification of lines of business, non-hydrocarbons, as agriculture, industry or tourism. Mutations in MENA region, not only popular uprising in 2011 but also the advance of Islamic State, are a brake on economical reforms started in Libya, Iraq (since 2003) and Yemen. The rivalries between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and Algeria and Saudi Arabia damage the intra-regional cooperation. That is why those regional countries have to connect and collaborate, on economical and political subjects, in order to develop the economy of the entire region

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Books on the topic "Oil incomes"

Krukowski, John V. Canadian taxation of oil and gas income. 2nd ed. Don Mills, Ont: CCH Canadian, 1987.

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Katchen, Joseph B. Taxation of Canadian oil and gas income. Don Mills, Ont: R. DeBoo, 1986.

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Bruen, Alexander Jay. Federal income taxation of oil and gas investments. 2nd ed. Boston: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, 1989.

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Scott, Miller, and Brown Thomas Edward 1932-, eds. Layman's guide to oil & gas investments and royalty income. 2nd ed. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., Book Division, 1985.

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E, Ebel Robert, and Caspian Revenue Watch, eds. Caspian oil windfalls: Who will benefit? Phildelphia, Pa: Open Society Institute, Central Eurasia Project, 2003.

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International tax considerations in foreign oil exploration and production: A guide for U.S. companies. Chicago: American Bar Association, 1997.

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Fadil, Farah Gobara. Money, income and sterilization: Tests for causality in the oil economy of Kuwait. Aberdeen: University ofAberdeen, 1985.

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Segura, Alonso. Management of oil wealth under the permanent income hypothesis: The case of São Tomé and Príncipe. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, African Dept., 2006.

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Maxfield, Peter C. Cases and materials on the federal income taxation of oil and gas and natural resources transactions. Westbury, N.Y: Foundation Press, 1990.

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Livey, Jay. The effect of state income tax policy on the development of marginal oil fields: An analysis of the impact of House Bill 353. [Juneau]: House Research Agency, Alaska State Legislature, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil incomes"

Dizaji, Sajjad Faraji. "Oil Rents, Political Institutions, and Income Inequality in Iran." In Economic Welfare and Inequality in Iran, 85–109. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95025-6_4.

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Huang, Baoshan, Fanbiao Bao, Chao Wei, and Zaishang Luo. "Design of Slipper Pair Based on Oil Film Dynamic Lubrication Mechanism." In Proceedings of IncoME-V & CEPE Net-2020, 135–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75793-9_14.

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Al-Youbi, Abdulrahman Obaid, Adnan Hamza Mohammad Zahed, Mahmoud Nadim Nahas, and Ahmad Abousree Hegazy. "The Roles of Universities in Development." In The Leading World’s Most Innovative Universities, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59694-1_1.

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AbstractSince the last decades of the twentieth century, most countries, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, have been seeking to transform their economies from depending on primary natural resources to a knowledge-based one, providing a permanent source for economic growth, and thus achieving sustainable development, and helping in diversifying the national economic framework, and multiplying income and wealth resources of the country other than primary resources, mainly crude oil.

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Wei, Nasha, Zhi Chen, Fengshou Gu, and Andrew D. Ball. "Wavelet Package Denoising of Acoustic Emission Signals for Lubrication Oil Monitoring in Engine Systems." In Proceedings of IncoME-V & CEPE Net-2020, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75793-9_8.

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Taylor, Lester D. "A Different Approach to Deriving Price and Income Elasticities: Applications to Telecommunications and Gasoline & Motor Oil." In Applied Economics in the Digital Era, 29–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40601-1_2.

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Susanti, Ari, Hero Marhaento, Slamet Riyanto, Dwiko Budi Permadi, Budiadi, Muhammad Ali Imron, Fiqri Ardiansyah, et al. "Oil Palm Agroforestry as an Alternative towards Inclusive Oil Palm Production." In Elaeis guineensis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98205.

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Oil palm has been widely adopted and cultivated as monoculture plantations in Indonesia. Research suggests that these monoculture practices have led to adverse impacts both on natural and human systems and smallholder farmers have been severely impacted by these unsustainable practices. This chapter aims to analyze how oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) has been adopted by smallholder farmers in the Jambi and Central Kalimantan provinces of Indonesia as part of the social forestry (SF) program to solve the tenure-related conflict in the designated forest areas which are disturbed by monoculture oil palm plantations managed by smallholder farmers. This chapter shows that although oil palm is widely adopted as monoculture plantations for the sake of high yielding, smallholder farmers tend to adopt OPAF to maintain the stability of household incomes amidst the uncertainty of oil palm price in the global market and secure their tenurial access to the designated forest lands. Their perception of OPAF is influenced by their knowledge and determines their decision in adopting OPAF. However, peer pressure and external supports also play important roles in accelerating the adoption of OPAF. More efforts on evidence and knowledge production, communication with stakeholders, and expert backstopping are needed to accelerate the adoption of OPAF.

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Auty, Richard M., and Haydn I. Furlonge. "The Staple Trap in High-Rent Trinidad and Tobago." In The Rent Curse, 70–93. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828860.003.0004.

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The development trajectory of high-rent Trinidad and Tobago since the 1960s provides an example of the staple trap model. An extra-parliamentary disturbance combined with large oil windfalls through 1974–78 and 1979–81 to deflect an initially cautious developmental government into executing an overambitious strategy of gas-based industrialization. The economy experienced a growth collapse when oil prices faltered, which was protracted and sharply reduced average incomes. Eventual recovery relied on monetizing natural gas, however, which proved a minimum diversification away from hydrocarbon dependence, testifying to the inertia of rent-seeking once established. Governments need to build a political consensus to deploy rent for efficient economic growth. Chapter 5 shows how Mauritius achieved this.

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Teal, Francis. "From the Poor to the Plutocrats." In The Poor and the Plutocrats, 207–24. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870142.003.0011.

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In this chapter we provide an overview of the arguments of the earlier chapters as to what explains absolute and relative poverty and the incomes of the super-rich. The factors that influence whether one is to be very poor or very rich are summarized in four steps: Step 1—Get lucky where you are born; Step 2—Get lucky when you are born (if unskilled you want the early twentieth century, if skilled after that); Step 3—Get lucky in being able to move (if born in the wrong place); Step 4—Get ultra-lucky with a great idea, or own an oil company, or have rich parents, or eliminate the competition.

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Crane, Hewitt, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra. "Our Energy Income: Geothermal, Hydropower, Wind, Solar, and Biomass." In A Cubic Mile of Oil. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195325546.003.0016.

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We briefly discuss our income resources, or renewables, as they are often referred to, in chapters 1 and 3. These resources differ from our inherited resources in that they can potentially last for as long as civilization exists and beyond. We would be better off if we could live off our income, instead of relying on our inheritance that will some day be exhausted. While historically we survived on income resources for many millennia, those sources cannot support our current lifestyle, and they contribute only a very small portion to our total annual energy budget. Given the overall desirability of switching to income sources, in this chapter we review the status of different technologies for using them and what it would take for each one to become a substantial contributor. As we shall see, none of these technologies is currently economic, and they are not free from being potentially damaging to the environment when grown to the required scale. Income resources can offer a path toward sustainability if we are able to engineer the systems correctly without creating other problems along the way. With that in mind, we begin by enumerating our principal energy income resources: . . . Radiant energy from the sun, which also drives the wind and the water cycle, and provides the energy for plants to grow Heat energy from Earth Tidal energy derived from the moon’s gravitational attraction Wave and ocean-current energy . . . The radiant energy derived from the sun is by far the largest contributor (see chapter 3, box titled “Total Solar Flux”). It comes from a series of solar reactions that result in the fusion of hydrogen into helium. The sun’s radiant energy directly or indirectly spawns biomass, photovoltaic electricity, solar-thermal, and wind energy. It also results in derivative energy sources such as wave energy (from wind), ocean-current energy, and hydropower. In chapter 3 we briefly introduced these income resources and noted that the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth is around 23,000 CMO/yr.

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Campbell, John, and Matthew T. Page. "The Economics of Oil." In Nigeria. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190657970.003.0002.

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Despite its huge agricultural potential and flourishing service sector, Nigeria’s economy remains addicted to petroleum revenues. They are one of the country’s few sources of foreign exchange, indirectly drive many other sectors of the economy, and account for almost all government income. As global...

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil incomes"

Chukareva, Svetlana B., and Anna V. Komarova. "Analysis of the tax relief in MET influence on the oil deposits in Eastern Siberia." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-104.

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MET is one of the most important taxes for companies, extracting oil in Russia. Tax relief in MET formula is a possibility to control oil extraction by reducing the MET rate. There is light oil of high quality in the deposits of Eastern Siberia, that’s why its development is crucial for the industry. To analyze the influence of the tax relief in Eastern Siberia, Russian regional and federal methods were used. Significant factors were determined and used in the calculation (e.g. production increase, ratio of incomes and etc).

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Ma, Xiaoqian, Yanfen Liao, Lin Guan, Zengli Zhao, Haibin Li, and Yong Chen. "Heat-Balance Model and Intelligence Optimization for the Wastes-Incineration and Power Generation System." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50332.

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Aiming to obtain an optimum balance between economical profit and environmental protection, a cost-profit model based on heat balance is built up for urban refuse incineration power system, in which the air preheat temperature and oil consumption are taken as parameters, while the maximization of the incomes of the station is taken as the objective. Considering the steady burning as constraint, the influence of the varieties of throwing oil, as well as the electric price adjusting on optimum operation parameters and profits are analyzed according to the running process of urban refuse burning power plant. Three different government’s subsidy and punishments mode are introduced into the model due to the emission of trace organic matter to analyze the influence on the power station’s best running parameters and on the behavior of the power plants. Results reveal that the government’s subsidy to garbage treatment can restrain the function ways of rubbish power station effectively.

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Roy, Sridhin S., Augustine Samuel, and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Heat Transfer Characteristics and Cooling Performance of Treated Kitchen Coconut Oil." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0302.

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Abstract Quenching is one of the most basic and widely used heat treatment processes. Mineral Oil or petroleum oil base stocks are the conventional quench media used for quench hardening heat treatment since the 19th century. However, mineral oils are not environment friendly as they are toxic, nonbiodegradable, and non-renewable. Many alternative ecofriendly quenchants have been developed to replace mineral oil such as vegetable oils, polymer quenchants, and nanofluids. Although most of the vegetable oils show superior cooling performance to mineral oil, their practical application is limited owing to their high cost of production and low thermal stability. In this study, the kitchen coconut oil was chemically treated and its cooling performance and heat transfer characteristics were assessed and compared with that of refined coconut oil and mineral oil. The thermophysical properties of chemically treated waste cooking oil were found to be higher than refined and mineral oils. Chemically treated oil showed better wettability. The quenching experiments were conducted using an Inconel 600 standard probe according to ISO 9950 and ASTM D 6200 standards. The vapor blanket stage was shorter for the chemically treated oil as compared with refined and mineral oils. Inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) was solved for estimating heat flux transients from the temperature data and thermo-physical properties of the Inconel probe. The average peak heat flux was highest for chemically treated oil compared to both refined coconut oil and mineral oil.

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Pierobon, Leonardo, Fredrik Haglind, Rambabu Kandepu, Alessandro Fermi, and Nicola Rossetti. "Technologies for Waste Heat Recovery in Off-Shore Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62304.

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In off-shore oil and gas platforms the selection of the gas turbine to support the electrical and mechanical demand on site is often a compromise between reliability, efficiency, compactness, low weight and fuel flexibility. Therefore, recovering the waste heat in off-shore platforms presents both technological and economic challenges that need to be overcome. However, onshore established technologies such as the steam Rankine cycle, the air bottoming cycle and the organic Rankine cycle can be tailored to recover the exhaust heat off-shore. In the present paper, benefits and challenges of these three different technologies are presented, considering the Draugen platform in the North Sea as a base case. The Turboden 65-HRS unit is considered as representative of the organic Rankine cycle technology. Air bottoming cycles are analyzed and optimal design pressure ratios are selected. We also study a one pressure level steam Rankine cycle employing the once-through heat recovery steam generator without bypass stack. We compare the three technologies considering the combined cycle thermal efficiency, the weight, the net present value, the profitability index and payback time. Both incomes related to CO2 taxes and natural gas savings are considered. The results indicate that the Turboden 65-HRS unit is the optimal technology, resulting in a combined cycle thermal efficiency of 41.5% and a net present value of around 15 M$, corresponding to a payback time of approximately 4.5 years. The total weight of the unit is expected to be around 250 ton. The air bottoming cycle without intercooling is also a possible alternative due to its low weight (76 ton) and low investment cost (8.8 M$). However, cycle performance and profitability index are poorer, 12.1% and 0.75. Furthermore, the results suggest that the once-trough single pressure steam cycle has a combined cycle thermal efficiency of 40.8% and net present value of 13.5 M$. The total weight of the steam Rankine cycle is estimated to be around 170 ton.

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Nişancı, Murat, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Aslı Cansın Doker, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Relationships among Oil Prices, Export, Employment and Economic Growth in Transition Economies with Being High Dependency on Oil Revenue." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01639.

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The argument of natural resources’ curse explains that natural resource wealth of the country, leading to a kind of inertia in the economy causes “spendthrift” position. Accordingly, in the first place, the discovery of natural resources and its price rise have positive repercussions on country’s income and welfare. In the long run, obtained this easy enrichment may well lead to remain barren of other sectors and also affect negatively on diversification of national income and export in natural resource-rich countries. In this study, along with the collapse of the former eastern bloc, the functioning of the argument of natural resources’ curse in the natural resources-rich four transition economies, as the subject of descriptive study was conducted. In the literature of natural resources’ curse, with creating crowding-out effect, natural resources income might well brake to the development of other sectors. In addition, this situation is defined such that with increasing weight of defense industry among other sectors in aggregate income and employment, also not transferred to the social and physical infrastructure investment, particularly in education. In this study, it is examined whether there is oil prices sensitivity on the export, employment, public expenditure and national income in natural resource-rich transition economies. From the analysis results, it can be said that there is significant movements between oil prices and chosen variables and considering those findings, strong/powerful of natural resources’ curse is on process for chosen transition economies.

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Gu, Jianfeng, Jun Xu, Rosa L. Simencio Otero, Jônatas M. Viscaino, Lauralice C. F. Canale, and George E. Totten. "Heat Transfer Coefficients and Quenching Performance of Vegetable Oils." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0272.

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Abstract Vegetable oils are currently using basestocks for biodegradable and renewable quenchant formulation. However, there are relatively few references relating to their true equivalence, or lack thereof, relative to the quenching performance of petroleum oil-based quenchant formulations. To obtain an overview of the variability of vegetable oil quenching performance, cooling curves were determined, and the heat transfer coefficient profiles were calculated at the Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling School of Materials Science and Engineering in Shanghai, China. The vegetable oils that were studied included canola and palm oils. Cooling curves were obtained using the Tensi multiple surface thermocouple 15 mm diameter x 45 mm cylindrical Inconel 600 probe. For comparison, similar data were obtained with Houghtoquench HKM, an accelerated petroleum oil quenchant. The results of this work will be discussed here.

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Bulut, Cihan, Fakhri Hasanov, and Elchin Suleymanov. "The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00852.

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The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.

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Simencio Otero, Rosa L., Sándor Szénási, Zoltán Fried, Imre Felde, Jônatas M. Viscaino, Lauralice C. F. Canale, and George E. Totten. "Parallelized Particle Swarm Optimization to Estimate the Heat Transfer Coefficients of a Series of Vegetable Oils in Comparison with Typical Fast Petroleum Quench Oil Quenchant." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0260.

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Abstract An inverse solver for the estimation of the temporospacial heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), without using prior information of the thermal boundary conditions, was used for immersion quenching into a series of vegetable oils and two commercial petroleum oil quenchants. The Particle Swarm Optimization method was used on near-surface temperature-time cooling curve data obtained with the so-called Tensi multithermocouple 12.5 mm diameter x 45 mm Inconel 600 probe. The fitness function to be minimized by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is defined by the deviation of the measured and calculated cooling curves. The PSO algorithm was parallelized and implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit architecture. This paper describes in detail the PSO methodology to compare and differentiate the potential quenching properties attainable with a series of vegetable oils including: cottonseed, peanut, canola, coconut, palm, sunflower, corn and a soybean oil vs a typical accelerated petroleum oil quenchant.

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Küçük, Nezahat. "Nonlinear Real Exchange Rate Dynamics and Oil Prices in the Commonwealth of Independent States." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00568.

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This paper investigates the role of country specific and global factors, particularly oil price, on the real exchange rate (RER) in selected Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan) over the period from 2000 to 2011. The group of higher income, lower income, oil and gas exporter, and non- oil and gas exporter countries are further analyzed separately to induce homogeneity. The analysis is based on panel smooth transition autoregressive (PSTR) model, which takes into account the nonlinear dynamic adjustment of the real exchange rate towards equilibrium. The estimation results show strong nonlinear dynamic adjustment for the real exchange rate. Upon obtaining strong evidence on nonlinear dynamic behavior, which is modeled using a smooth transition autoregressive model with two regimes, we test the impact of global and country specific drivers on the real exchange rate. As an extension, panel smooth transition error correction model is estimated. Results show that there exists an asymmetric behavior of the real exchange rate when facing an over- or undervaluation of the domestic currency. The evidence also shows that oil price has significant impact for the appreciation of domestic currencies, particularly in oil and gas exporting relatively richer countries, and the CIS countries have become vulnerable to global shocks.

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Liu, H., S. Meng, Z. Zhao, J. Yan, and Z. Yao. "Best Practice of Increasing the Income and Reducing the Expenditure, Lowering Cost and Improving Benefit on the Brown Oilfields." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186188-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Oil incomes"

Acemoglu, Daron, Amy Finkelstein, and Matthew Notowidigdo. Income and Health Spending: Evidence from Oil Price Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14744.

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Havrlant, David, and Abdulelah Darandary. Economic Diversification under Saudi Vision 2030. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp06.

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The last decade has brought a row of substantial changes that have profound implications for the traditional hydrocarbon resource-rich economies. Economic conditions may change radically either throughout a decade or within months. The question is whether there is no other option for a hydrocarbon resource-rich economy than to be held hostage to the fluctuations in global oil prices. The general answer to a changing environment is: Adapt! From the macroeconomic perspective, this means diversifying the economy to broaden the income base and significantly reduce the dependence on oil revenues. The Saudi Vision 2030 represents a complex plan for substantial socioeconomic adjustments that are about to move the economy toward a more diversified and sustainable one. This discussion paper examines the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy in more detail, with a focus on the foreseen adjustments in the sectoral composition of the economy along with broader macroeconomic shifts. The evaluation of the foreseen diversification impacts is based on the updated Vision 2030 Input-Output Table that maps the changing structure of the Saudi economy over the coming decade. We discuss the assumed expansion of the diversification frontrunners, their changing contribution to the overall economic activity and identify the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy. The advances in economic diversification are measured by applying the Shannon-Weaver index to sectoral GDP and household income. The expected sectoral changes are wide-reaching, so the basic macroeconomic relations are also subject to adjustments. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of the foreseen diversification on the resilience of the Saudi economy to external shocks.

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Osidoma, Japhet, and Ashiru Mohammed Kinkwa. Creatively Improving Agricultural Practices and Productivity: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7260.

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Since April 2016, The European Union and the Oxfam Pro-Resilience Action Project in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria, have supported poor smallholder rural farmers to improve their agricultural productivity. The project has a specific focus on increasing crop yields per hectare for better land usage, as well as ensuring farmers possess the skills they need to maintain good agricultural practices, such as inputs utilization and climate mitigation strategies, as well as an information-sharing system on weather and market prices. The project uses a Farmer Field School model that continues to serve as a viable platform for rural farmers to access hands-on skills and basic modern farming knowledge and techniques. The case studies presented here demonstrate a significant increase in farmers’ productivity, income and resilience. This approach should be emulated by governments and private sector players to achieve impact at scale in Nigeria’s agricultural sector, which is the country’s top non-oil revenue stream.

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Financial Stability Report - First Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.1sem.eng-2020.

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In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Graphs A and B.1 Naturally, the sudden, unanticipated change in macroeconomic conditions has caused the appearance of vulnerabilities for short-term financial stability. These vulnerabilities require close and continuous monitoring on the part of economic authorities. The main vulnerability is the response of credit and credit risk to a potential, temporarily extreme macroeconomic situation in the context of: (i) recently increased exposure of some banks to household sector, and (ii) reductions in net interest income that have led to a decline in the profitability of the banking business in the recent past. Furthermore, as a consequence of greater uncertainty and risk aversion, occasional problems may arise in the distribution of liquidity between agents and financial markets. With regards to local markets, spikes have been registered in the volatility of public and private fixed income securities in recent weeks that are consistent with the behavior of the international markets and have had a significant impact on the liquidity of those instruments (red portions in the most recent past of some market risk items on the map in Graph A). In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to those vulnerabilities, this Report presents a stress test that evaluates the resilience of credit institutions in the event of a hypothetical scenario thatseeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The scenario assumes a hypothetical negative growth that is temporarily strong but recovers going into the middle of the coming year and has extreme effects on credit quality. The results suggest that credit institutions have the ability to withstand a significant deterioration in economic conditions in the short term. Even though there could be a strong impact on credit, liquidity, and profitability under the scenario being considered, aggregate capital ratios would probably remain at above their regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. In this context, the recent measures taken by both Banco de la República and the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia that are intended to help preserve the financial stability of the Colombian economy become highly relevant. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Juan José Echavarría Governor

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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Oil incomes'

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Reports on the topic "Oil incomes"