Journal articles: 'Oil output'

1

Yahia, Abdusalam F. "Sectoral Output Response to Fluctuations of Oil Exports in Algeria." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5, no. 6 (December 2014): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.429.

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Barrell, Ray, Simon Kirby, and Iana Liadze. "The Oil Intensity of Output." National Institute Economic Review 205 (July 2008): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950108096584.

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Since our last forecast in April 2008 there have been further increases in oil prices, as is illustrated in figure 1, which tracks oil price projections in our forecasts this year, and compares them to the projection we made in January and July 2007. Over the past eighteen months oil prices have risen from around $60 per barrel to a currently projected level of $123 in 2009. Oil prices have recently reached a peak of $145.6 a barrel before falling back to around $134. Our projection for the short term is based on those of the US Energy Information Agency and uses information from forward markets as well as an evaluation of supply conditions. In the longer term we presume that real oil prices will rise in line with the real interest rate, as is discussed on pp. 4–7 of this Review. This note looks at the impacts of recent increases in oil prices on the path for real wages by investigating the share of fossil fuels in costs. It also evaluates the impact of the rise in prices since our last forecast, and investigates the impact on oil prices of the growth in demand outside the OECD.

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Njindan Iyke, Bernard. "REAL OUTPUT AND OIL PRICE UNCERTAINTY IN AN OIL PRODUCING COUNTRY." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 22, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v22i2.1095.

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Sudden changes in oil prices have been a major concern for countries – oil producing and non-oil producing countries alike. Due to this, we assessed the effects of such an uncertainty on the real output of Nigeria, an oil producing country, during the period 1980:1 to 2014:4. We achieved this objective by using a vector autoregressive model that permits us to decompose oil price uncertainty into positive and negative uncertainties. We then quantified the responses of real output to these uncertainties. Using the conditional variance of the returns in the composite refiners’ acquisition cost of crude oil deflated by US GDP deflator as our measure of oil price uncertainty, we found that a positive uncertainty leads to a decline in real output, while a negative uncertainty leads to a rise in real output. The response of real output to these uncertainties is asymmetric.

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Barrell, Ray, Aurélie Delannoy, and Dawn Holland. "Monetary Policy, Output Growth and Oil Prices." National Institute Economic Review 215 (January 2011): F37—F43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950111401136.

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As the global recovery strengthens, attention has to focus once again on the price of oil. The sharp increase seen in the last quarter of 2010 has raised serious concerns for the economic outlook. Oil prices have risen significantly since the beginning of 2009, and the rate of increase suddenly accelerated in the last months of 2010. Between September and December 2010 alone, oil prices rose by about $20, to reach $95 per barrel. Figure 1 compares the expected path of the oil price used in our forecast in October 2010 to that in January 2011, based on information from forward markets as well as an evaluation of supply conditions.

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Kilian, Lutz, and Robert J. Vigfusson. "NONLINEARITIES IN THE OIL PRICE–OUTPUT RELATIONSHIP." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, S3 (November 2011): 337–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000186.

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It is customary to suggest that the asymmetry in the transmission of oil price shocks to real output is well established. Much of the empirical work cited as being in support of asymmetry, however, has not directly tested the hypothesis of an asymmetric transmission of oil price innovations. Moreover, many of the papers quantifying these asymmetric responses are based on censored oil price VAR models that have recently been shown to be invalid. Other studies are based on dynamic correlations in the data and do not distinguish between cause and effect. Recently, several new methods of testing and quantifying asymmetric responses of U.S. real economic activity to positive and negative oil price innovations have been developed. We put this literature into perspective, contrast it with more traditional approaches, highlight directions for further research, and reconcile some seemingly conflicting results reported in the literature.

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6

Lucas, S. K. "Maximising output from oil reservoirs without water breakthrough." ANZIAM Journal 45, no. 3 (January 2004): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100013456.

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AbstractOften in oil reservoirs a layer of water lies under the layer of oil. The suction pressure due to a distribution of oil wells will cause the oil-water interface to rise up towards the wells. Given a particular distribution of oil wells, we are interested in finding the flow rates of each well that maximise the total flow rate without the interface breaking through to the wells. A method for finding optimal flow rates is developed using the Muskat model to approximate the interface height, and a version of the Nelder-Mead simplex method for optimisation. A variety of results are presented, including the perhaps nonintuitive result that it is better to turn off some oil wells when they are sufficiently close to one another.

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Rodnyansky, Dmitry Vladimirovich. "Oil Industry’s Technological Impact on Russian Economy based on an Input-Output Model." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2045.

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Kilian, Lutz, and Robert J. Vigfusson. "Nonlinearities in the Oil Price-Output Relationship." International Finance Discussion Paper 2010, no. 1013 (June 2010): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2010.1013.

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9

Serletis, Apostolos, and Khandokar Istiak. "Is the oil price–output relation asymmetric?" Journal of Economic Asymmetries 10, no. 1 (June 2013): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2013.06.001.

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10

Sujai, Mahpud. "DAMPAK VOLATILITAS HARGA MINYAK DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN KESEIMBANGAN FISKAL." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 15, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v15i2.91.

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This paper is intended to analyze the effect of oil price changes on potential output and actual output in the state budget cycle and identifies the output gap which is the difference between potential output and actual output. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach to analyze problems that occur related to the impact of oil price changes to the state budget cycle. Data analysis was carried out through the approach cyclically adjusted fiscal balance with a simplified approach. This research identified that the potential output is likely to continue increasing in line with Indonesia's oil price trends which is continue to rise following the world oil price movements. In calculating the output gap using a linear trend and HP filter, the result is fuctuating depend on the percentage changes in both potential output and actual output. This paper concludes that Indonesian oil price (ICP) has a significant impact on changes in the state budget cycle. If oil prices rise, the output gap between potential output and actual output is greater, and vice versa. This will make the budget vulnerable to shock that occurs as an external infuence.

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11

O., Saibu M. "Sectoral Output Responses to Trade Openness, Oil Price and Policy Shocks in Nigeria: A CVAR Approach." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 1, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i2.627.

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This study investigated the relative effectiveness of trade and policy shocks on sectoral output growth in a small open Nigerian economy. It is a country-specific, time series study verifies whether there is difference in the effect of sectoral output response to policy shocks in Nigeria. A CVAR model was specified to assess the effects of policy shocks on real aggregate and sectoral output measures. The model included oil price shock and an interactive term of trade openness as measures of supply and external shocks to the economy. The empirical results showed that there was remarkably difference in sectoral output responses to policy distortion. The effects of monetary policy shocks were positive and significant on manufacturing, service and industrial sector while fiscal policy shock was only significant and positive on agricultural output growth. The result further showed that international oil price shock and trade openness had pronounced negative effects on both sectoral and aggregate outputs. In addition, oil and trade opennessâ€™ negative effects overwhelmed the positive effects of fiscal and monetary policy shocks. The policy implication of the finding is that the effectiveness of domestic macroeconomic policy is constrained by the external shocks from both oil price and trade openness. Thus, confirming the open economic version of policy ineffectiveness proposition of the New classical macroeconomic in Nigeria

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12

Tang, Chor Foon, and V. G. R. Chandran. "Long-run Behaviour of Oil Consumption in the Chinese Economy." Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219876476.

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China is a major consumer of global oil output. China’s burgeoning demand for oil has had a disproportionate impact on both global oil production and prices. Hence, knowledge about the long-run oil consumption patterns in China is crucial given its significant impact on the Chinese economy and by extension, on the world economy. This study aims to examine the influence of real output, oil price, industrialisation, and financial development on oil consumption patterns in China from 1965 to 2016. The results indicate that oil consumption in China is responsive to oil price, industrialisation, financial development, and real output. The long-run elasticity of industrialisation, financial development, oil price, and real output are approximately 1.23, 0.91, –0.84, and 0.39, respectively. The results affirm the critical role played by industrialisation in determining oil consumption patterns in China, which has implications on both policy formulation and direction. JEL Classification: C32, O13, Q43

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13

Rahman, Sajjadur, and Apostolos Serletis. "THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, S3 (November 2011): 437–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000204.

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In this paper we investigate the effects of oil price uncertainty and its asymmetry on real economic activity in the United States, in the context of a bivariate vector autoregression with GARCH-in-mean errors. The model allows for the possibilities of spillovers and asymmetries in the variance–covariance structure for real output growth and the change in the real price of oil. Our measure of oil price uncertainty is the conditional variance of the oil price–change forecast error. We isolate the effects of volatility in the change in the price of oil and its asymmetry on output growth and employ simulation methods to calculate generalized impulse response functions and volatility impulse response functions to trace the effects of independent shocks on the conditional means and the conditional variances, respectively, of the variables. We find that oil price uncertainty has a negative effect on output, and that shocks to the price of oil and its uncertainty have asymmetric effects on output.

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14

Ghosh, Neal, Chris Varvares, and James Morley. "The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Output." Business Economics 44, no. 4 (October 2009): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/be.2009.33.

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15

Estrada, Angel, and Pablo Hernández de Cos. "Oil prices and their effect on potential output." Applied Economics Letters 19, no. 3 (February 2012): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2011.572833.

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16

Adeyemi Ogunjimi, Joshua. "Oil Price Asymmetry and Sectoral Output in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/802.71.1.15.

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17

Serletis, Apostolos, and Elaheh Asadi Mehmandosti. "150 YEARS OF THE OIL PRICE–MACROECONOMY RELATIONSHIP." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 1302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000116.

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We use the longest span data that have ever been studied before (from 1870 to 2014) to investigate the relationship between the price of oil and the level of economic activity in the United States. In the context of a bivariate (identified) structural generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-in-Mean VAR in real output growth and the change in the real price of oil, we find that uncertainty about oil prices has had a negative and significant effect on real output. We also find that the responses of real output growth to positive and negative shocks are not very informative of whether they are symmetric or asymmetric, and that accounting for oil price uncertainty tends to amplify the negative dynamic response of real output growth to unfavorable (positive) oil price shocks.

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18

Yang, Xiyun, Le Zhang, Tianze Ye, Yuwei Yang, Yiwei Wang, and Jianzheng Su. "Research and Economic Analysis of the Source-Load Coordination of Oil Shale Exploitation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (October 31, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4897156.

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In-situ exploitation of oil shale by electric heating consumes large amounts of electricity. Under the existing dispatch system, using wind power output and photovoltaic power output to support the exploitation of oil shale can promote renewable energy use, reduce the consumption of coal and other fossil fuels, and protect the environment from pollution. In this study, the characteristics of the wind power and photovoltaic power output are analyzed, and the correlation between the power outputs is evaluated using the copula function. The load of exploiting oil shale is presented. In order to match the heating load characteristics of oil shale exploitation, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the heating temperature of the heated well to minimize the cost. An economic analysis is conducted of five different power supply combinations, including wind power, photovoltaic power, and the existing power grid. The income ratio of the five modes is calculated using actual data of a project in Jilin province in China, and the feasibility of in-situ electric heating by wind power, photovoltaic power, and the power grid is determined. The results of this study provide useful references for decision makers to plan the power supply scheme for in-situ oil shale exploitation.

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19

Rus, Anika Zafiah M., Muhamad Soqhimi Mohamad Isa, and Nurul Saidatul Syida Sulong. "Scaling up Process Output of Monomer Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.299.

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A monomer processing reactor is a device to process used cooking oil into new substance that can be used for other applications. In this study, used cooking oil was converted to monomer via simple reactor comprised of stirrer started with laboratory scale of 2L to 5L of monomer production. A scale up process is an important process for approaching industrial scale productions. The scale up process was increased to pilot scale before it reaches to industrial scale. The reactor is designed based on lab scale process for producing monomer from used cooking oil. The most important point of the device design is to produce larger amount of monomer compared to lab scale equipment. The device can produce 15liters of monomer per production. The monomer has the same properties and quality of monomer that were produced using laboratory equipment.

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20

Zhang, Yi, Guang Jun Jiang, Chun Lin Wang, and Zhi Wei Zhao. "The Development and Application for Oil Output Prediction Software System Based on Life Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.317.

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Life model” is the prediction system chosen for this system. Life model method is a mathematical model of generalized convergence which can predict oil output in macroscopic view. This paper selects several life models such as Weng’s model, Hubbert model and HCZ model; bringing them into the study on the development of the systems for predicting oil output; predicting the oil output of Country M from 2010 to 2050 by this system; and making certain the features of various kinds of mathematical model by applications. The results showed that the system which is based on life model can give an effective prediction on oil output.

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21

Patrick, Ologbenla. "Crude oil price, monetary policy and output performance of African oil producing countries." Journal of African Union Studies 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2019/8n3a3.

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22

Ballesta, M. C., M. Mañas, F. J. Mataix, E. Martínez-victoria, and I. Seiquer. "Long-term adaptation of pancreatic response by dogs to dietary fats of different degrees of saturation: Olive and sunflower oil." British Journal of Nutrition 64, no. 2 (September 1990): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900048.

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Mongrel dogs were fed, from weaning to 9 months of age, on one of two diets that differed only in the type of fat content (virgin olive oil or sunflower oil) to compare the composition of exocrine pancreatic secretion in the basal period and in response to food. In resting pancreatic flow, electrolytes and the specific activities of amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin were similar in both experimental groups. However, lipase and amylase outputs, and amylase and protein concentrations were significantly higher in the group fed on the diet rich in sunflower oil. Food intake was not followed by any change in flow-rate or electrolyte or protein content in the group given the diet rich in olive oil. Amylase activity and output were also lower in this group, as was lipase output, whereas activity and specific activity of chymotrypsin were lower in dogs fed on the diet containing sunflower oil. The differences traceable to the composition of the two types of dietary fat supplied may be related to the balance between factors that stimulate and inhibit pancreatic secretion.

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23

Malik, Afia. "Crude Oil Price, Monetary Policy and Output: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.425-436.

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Rapid rises in the prices of crude oil in the decade of 2000s have raised concerns among policy-makers around the world, as the theoretical and empirical literature has established that oil price shocks may have an adverse impact on the macro economy of the country. In particular, for the oil importing developing countries like Pakistan, this upward trend in the price of oil can have serious repercussions in terms of creating inflationary pressures in the economy, increasing budget deficit and balance of payment problems, and thus affecting the GDP growth. Pakistan was on the path of rising GDP growth in the first seven years of this decade. But in the year 2007-08, the situation has changed. This oil price shock could possibly be one of the reasons. As an impact of rising growth rate of GDP, demand for energy has also gone up rapidly in this period. In the energy mix for the year 2005-06, oil accounts for 32 percent of the total energy used in Pakistan, and it is the second largest source of energy used after natural gas, which accounts for 39 percent. With oil being the second largest source of energy used along with almost constant rate of its production Pakistan is heavily dependent on oil imports from Middle East exporters (Saudi Arab playing the lead role). Almost 82 percent of the demand for petroleum products in the country is met through imports.1 Pakistan spent about 44 percent of export earnings on oil imports in 2006-07. This percentage was only 27 percent in 2004-05. Therefore, the international oil price increase has a direct impact on the macro economy of the country, especially on the oil price GDP relationship. The share of net oil imports in GDP is an indicator of the relative importance of the oil price rise to the economy in terms of the potential adjustments needed to offset it. For Pakistan over the last few years, this ratio has risen from 3.13 in 1990-91 to -5.24 in 2005-06 [Malik (2007)]. With such a high ratio, unless country is running in surplus, or has extremely large foreign exchange reserves, high oil price is dealt by severe macro economic adjustments.

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Wu, Gang, Fu Ping Ren, Jing You, Ji Liang Yu, Ya Tuo Pei, and Sha Sha Liu. "Research on Efficient Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology Based on Low-Temperature Heavy Oil." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1434.

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Based on the low-temperature and heavy oil reservoir of conventional injection well pattern separated two strains of oil degradation bacteria LC and JH which had satisfactory compatibleness with BaoLige oill field. In order to study the feasibility of enhancing oil recovery rate of the two strains, the experiment of huff and puff with 15 wells were carried out. The average concentration of bacteria increase from 4.7×102cells/ml to 8.1×106cells/ml. The average reduction of surface tension and viscosity is 33.1% and 31.9%. The accumulative total was 1163.2t. The ratio of input to output was 1:2.12. Microbial enhanced oil recovery can improve the low-temperature and heavy oil production status, which provide a effective method for the similar oil field.

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25

Arman, Arman, Asep Saefuddin, and Fathia Anggriani Pradina. "The Role of Oil Palm and Rubber Industry toward Regional Economic in West Kalimantan-Indonesia." Winners 18, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v18i2.4116.

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The study aimed to assess the role of palm oil and rubber toward the economy in West Kalimantan. Another aim was to develop oil palm and rubber industry to strengthen the economy of West Kalimantan. The method used in this research was the analysis of Input-Output. The main data was the Input-Output (IO) data in 2011 from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), which consists of 54 sectors. The results show that the industrial output of palm oil and rubber, as well as oil palm and rubber, is still low. Weak innovation and technology lead to the low output and role of these two sectors to the economy of West Kalimantan. Another obstacle that leads to the economy of rubber and palm oil industries under the standard is the lack of motivation research, infrastructure, and connectivity.

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Serletis, Apostolos, and John Elder. "INTRODUCTION TO OIL PRICE SHOCKS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, S3 (November 2011): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000198.

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The relationship between the price of oil and the level of economic activity is a fundamental empirical issue in macroeconomics. Hamilton (1983) showed that oil prices had significant predictive content for real economic activity in the United States prior to 1972, whereas Hooker (1996) argued that the estimated linear relations between oil prices and economic activity appear much weaker after 1973. In the debate that followed, several authors suggested that the apparent weakening of the relationship between oil prices and economic activity is illusory, arguing that the true relationship between oil prices and real economic activity is asymmetric, with the correlation between oil price decreases and output significantly different from the correlation between oil price increases and output—see, for example, Mork (1989) and Hamilton (2003).

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Aprizal, Aprizal, and Aprizal L. "ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO (STUDI KASUS DESA BUMI MULYA)." Jurnal AGRISEP 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.12.2.133-146.

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This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of palm oil farming (competitive and comparative advantage), the impact of government policies on output and input oil palm cultivation, and the competitiveness of sensitivity to changes in oil palm farm output and input. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to select 86 respondents purposively. The reason for choosing of Mukomuko district is because this area has largest palm oil producers and largest palm oil planting area in the province of Bengkulu. The data used primary and secondary data. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method was used to analyze the data. The result shows that Bumi Mulya Village has competitive and comparative advantages. PP and SP have positive value of PCR (0,91), and DRCR (0,72). The impact of government policy on output are disincentive as shown by OT value negative Rp.5.521.890/Ha/year, value NPCO is 0,80. The impact of government policy subsidy to input is fertilizer. NT has negative value, EPC is 0,80, and SRP about 0,166. Government policy shows that the fertilizer is still needed on palm oil farming. The sensitivity analysis shows that the maximum limit that can be accepted to change the output when the input-output and prices drop below 3 percent, price increases of more than 100 percent of herbicides, inorganic fertilizer price increases below 55 percent, rising interest rates below 1 percent. Combination of sensitivity analysis shows that the fluctuation in input-output is very sensitive to oil palm farming in Bumi Mulya, Mukomuko district. Keywords: Palm oil, competitive and comparative advantage, governmental policies, and sensitivity.

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Wang, Haijiang. "The Prospects of Oil Supply in China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 6 (December 1995): 631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300608.

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This paper provides a brief overview of the prospects for the exploration and development of Chinese crude oil, and presents projection of Chinese crude output over the next decade. Crude production in onshore eastern China is nearing its economically and technologically feasible limit, and will start to decline after 2000, while offshore production will rise moderately and gradually. Only the western region shows very hopeful signs for greatly increased Chinese crude output. Accordingly, it is expected to have the highest rate of production growth. China's crude oil output is projected to plateau at 3.4 million during the early 2000s, compared with 1994's 3.0 million b/d.

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Prabheesh, KP, and Nisful Laila. "ASYMMETRIC EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL AND PALM OIL PRICES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i1.1304.

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This paper empirically examines the impact of the price of crude oil petrol and palm oil on Indonesia's economic growth. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2019 and linear, and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to cointegration, the study finds 1) A significant non-linear effect of oil prices on country's output. 2) The palm oil price changes have a higher effect on the country's output as compared to petroleum prices. 3) A decline in palm price in the international market leads to a higher adverse effect on the country's economic growth as compared to petroleum prices.

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Nwosu, Canice Sonny, and Sonny Angus Nnaemeka Dixie Chidebelu. "Resource Productivity under Yam Based Crop Mixture in Crude and Non-Crude Oil Producing Communities of Imo State, Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0003.

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Abstract A study on resource productivity under yam based crop mixture (YBCM) in crude and non-crude oil communities was conducted in Imo State, Nigeria. The study assessed food crops’ outputs, evaluated costs and returns, and determined the allocative efficiency of resource use under YBCM system in crude and non-crude oil producing communities. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selection of respondents. Primary data were obtained using a set of questionnaire on 50 YBCM farmers each from crude and non-crude oil communities. Data were analyzed using percentages, gross margin and net profit analysis, multiple regressions, t-values, and gross returns/total costs ratio. Output levels of the food crop components in YBCM system in non-crude oil producing communities were statistically and significantly higher than those of the crude oil producing communities. This agreed with results of studies that showed reduction effects of gas flaring on food crop yields in the areas. There was higher profitability in YBCM enterprise in non-crude oil producing communities than in crude oil producing communities. However, the two critical resources in farming, land and labour, the YBCM farmers in crude oil producing communities allocated these resources better than the YBCM farmers in non-crude oil producing communities. Based on the study findings the Federal and State Governments, and other oil industry stakeholders should formulate appropriate policies, programmes and conduct detailed ecological research studies that will lead to higher farm output by YBCM farmers in crude oil producing areas.

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Ziguo, HAO, FEI Hongcai, LIU Lian, and Susan TURNER. "China Output of Crude Oil Hits High in 2012." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 87, no. 1 (February 2013): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12049.

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32

Brandly, Mark, and A. H. Barnett. "The Irreversible Output Effects of Severance Taxes on Oil." Public Finance Review 27, no. 5 (September 1999): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219902700503.

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33

Kalashnik, G. G., S. A. Kuz'min, V. G. Smolyanskii, and S. G. Makushkin. "Instrumentation for measuring oil product output — State and prospects." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 34, no. 7 (July 1998): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418886.

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34

Zaied, Younes Ben, and Oussama Zouabi. "Impacts of climate change on Tunisian olive oil output." Climatic Change 139, no. 3-4 (September 14, 2016): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1801-3.

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35

Ningsih, Verry Yarda, Nenny Wahyuni, Nila Suryati, Noviyanto Noviyanto, and Heriyanto Heriyanto. "Competitiveness Sensitivity of Oil Palm Farming on Suboptimal Land at Musi Rawas Residence." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v4i1.147.

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Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palm, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis. Oil palm is one of agriculture comodity that can increase farmers income, provide raw material on manufacture industry which can create added value. The expansion of oil palm farming in Indonesia has shifted the use of mineral land to suboptimal land which is currently available in many place in Indonesia. Generally the aim of this research is to anylize the competitiveness sensitivity of oil palm farming. Specifically this research wants to anylize the sensitivity on input-output changing, and to anylize the impact of government policy on input-output when facing fluctuation price. In order to reach the goal of this research we used Policy Anlayisis Matrix (PAM). The result of this research shows that partially the declining of price, declining of output volume and increasing input price PCR value and DRCR < 1, which means that the oil palm farming on suboptimal land has competitivenes, and the absence of government policy on determaining input price nor output price on oil palm farming in at suboptimal land. While simultanously shows that the fluctuation of input and output price causes value of PCR dan DRCR > 1 with PCR value 1,12 and DRCR value 1,04, means that oil palm farming on suboptimal land at Musi Rawas Regency not feasible and has no competitiveness. It means that government policy needed to protect input price in oil palm farming on suboptimal land. Therefore government support and guidence in oil palm farming technology on suboptimal land also needed to increase the production of oil palm farming on suboptimal land.

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Ballesta, M. C., M. Mañas, E. Martinez-Victoria, I. Seiquer, J. R. Huertas, and F. J. Mataix. "Adaptation of biliary response to dietary olive oil and sunflower-seed oil in dogs." British Journal of Nutrition 68, no. 1 (July 1992): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920075.

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The effects of adaptation to dietary fat of different degrees of unsaturation (olive oil and sunflower oil) on bile secretion were studied in dogs at rest and after food intake. The animals were prepared with a bidirectional biliary cannula and a duodenal cannula to provide bile return. The two experimental groups were fed on diets containing 150 g fat/kg in the form of either olive oil (O) or sunflower-seed oil (S). The flow-rate under resting conditions and the patterns of response to food were similar in both experimental groups, although postprandial hypersection were significantly greater in volume and more prolonged in group O. No appreciable differences in concentration and output of biliary cholesterol or phospholipids were noted between the two groups. In contrast, the concentration and output of bile acids differed significantly both at rest and after food: concentration and output of bile acids were greater at rest in group S. However, after food intake, these responses were increased only in group O. The results suggest that the type of dietary fat affects biliary response to food, probably through differences in the contribution of the gall bladder in the two experimental groups.

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Zeshan, Muhammad, Wasim Shahid Malik, and Muhammad Nasir. "Oil Price Shocks, Systematic Monetary Policy and Economic Activity." Pakistan Development Review 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v58i1pp.65-81.

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This study quantifies the impact of oil price shocks and the subsequent monetary policy response on output for Pakistan. It employs a quarterly Structural Vector Auto-regression framework for the period 1993–2015. It first discovers that Hamilton’s (1996) Net Oil Price Increase indicator appropriately reveals most of the oil price shocks hitting Pakistan’s economy. We find that a contractionary monetary policy, resulting from the oil price shocks, contributes to significant output loss in Pakistan. After encountering the Lucas critique, the present study finds that around 42 percent of the output loss is due to the ensuing tight monetary policy. This suggests that the central bank of Pakistan can reduce the impact of oil price shocks by reducing its intervention in the market. JEL Classification: E1, E3, E5 Keywords: Oil Price Shocks, Monetary Policy, Structural Vector Autoregression

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Omolade, Adeleke, Philip Nwosa, and Harold Ngalawa. "Monetary Transmission Channel, Oil Price Shock and the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2019-0007.

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Abstract Research background: The need for diversification of the Nigerian economy has been emphasized and the manufacturing sector has a major role in this. Being an oil producing country, monetary policy is an important macroeconomic policy that has always been used to manage the influence of oil price shock on the manufacturing sector. Purpose: The study examines the relationship between oil price shock, the monetary transmission mechanism and manufacturing output growth in Nigeria. Research methodology: The study applied the structural vector auto regression (SVAR) modelling technique and a descriptive analysis. Results: The results of the study show that the exchange rate is mostly affected by the oil price shock, while the monetary policy instruments and inflation rate are also very responsive to the exchange rate shock. The manufacturing sector output growth has also been shown to be strongly affected by the inflation rate and monetary policy shocks. Novelty: The study has revealed the most effective channel via which oil price shocks affect manufacturing output. The exchange rate channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism is the most significant channel through which oil price shock affects manufacturing output growth in Nigeria. This shows that effective management of the exchange rate policy via the appropriate monetary policy approach can be used to minimize the adverse effect of oil price shocks on Nigerian manufacturing output.

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Seo, Hyoung-Ju, Ha-na Kim, and Eui-Chan Jeon. "Economic effects of the liquid biofuel industry in South Korea using input–output analysis." Energy & Environment 31, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 424–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19874317.

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Bio-energy is a research field that is of worldwide interest. South Korea, which imports all of its heavy fuel oil for consumption, passed a new law allowing bio-heavy oil made from animal fat, by-product of biodiesel processes, palm oil, and other leftover oil to be used to generate electricity in place of heavy fuel oil. As there is lack of policy research with respect to liquid biofuels, the purpose of this study is to define the bio-heavy oil industry in South Korea and to investigate the economic effects of bio-heavy oil. An input–output analysis model was used and demonstrated that the production-, value-added-, import-, and employment-induced effects of the bio-heavy oil industry were larger than those induced by the heavy fuel oil industry. As the import of fuel by the heavy fuel oil industry was greater than the bio-heavy oil industry, the import substitution effect of the bio-heavy oil industry was found to be greater. This resulted in a positive value for the net-induced effect of the bio-heavy oil industry. When considering the global concern with respect to the development and expansion of biofuel feedstock, this study shows the possibility of transforming heavy fuel oil plants distributed around the world into renewable energy sources.

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Cui, Hongwei, Yuanyuan Deng, and Zisheng Lian. "Research on the effects of double arc oil groove parameters on oil film torque in hydro-viscous drive." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401878844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018788447.

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In order to study the influence of double arc oil groove parameters on oil film torque in hydro-viscous drive, the numerical simulation and parameterized analyzing platform were built. The flow field characteristics were carried out using CFX. The parameter analysis platform was integrated with parameterized design of grooves, numerical simulation, and design of experiment (DOE). The effects of groove parameters on output torque were analyzed. The results indicate that the output torque consists of shear torque and impact torque, and the oil film shear torque plays a more important role in total torque. The shear torque is mainly affected by coefficient of effective area and velocity distribution. The velocity distribution and dynamic pressure on sidewalls are the main influencing factors on impact torque. The effect of eccentricity and oil grooves depth on the output torque is positive, but others are negative. In addition, the eccentricity and inner diameter of eccentric circle are sensitive parameters. The effects of oil groove parameters on oil film torque are analyzed accurately using the parameterized analyzing platform that is integrated with CAD, CFX, and DOE. A new method and theoretical foundation are provided for design of complex oil grooves in hydro-viscous drive.

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Wu, Jun Fei, Xiao Wei, Xue Zheng Yang, and Ying Yu. "Simulation Study for the Effect of Oil Viscosityon Performance of Full Metal Single Screw Pump." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.362.

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Abstract: The oil viscosity affects the pump filling coefficient, so it is the important parameter affecting lifting performance of metal screw pump. Firstly using the finite volume method to establish a full-metal single screw pump 3D model, secondly using FLUENT software to calculate outlet pressure changes with different series of oil viscosity in condition of the same inlet pressure.Lastly Drawing outlet pressure change curves to evaluate the concrete effect of oil viscosity on the performance of the pump . The results indicate that the oil viscosity affects liquid filling coefficient of pump. As the viscosity increases, the outlet pressure of the pump increases, the leakage of the pump output decreases, thereby lifting capacity and volumetric efficiency of the pump improve.

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Johnson, W. Carroll, and Jerry W. Davis. "Effect of Sprayer Output Volume and Adjuvants on Efficacy of Clove Oil for Weed Control in Organic Vidalia® Sweet Onion." HortTechnology 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.4.428.

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Timely cultivation with a tine weeder and hand weeding are the primary tools for successful weed control in organic sweet onion (Allium cepa), but conditions frequently arise that delay the initial cultivation. Weeds that emerge during the delay are not effectively controlled by cultivation and herbicides derived from natural products may have a role to control the emerged weeds. It has been reported that clove oil herbicide was more effective when sprayers were calibrated for higher output (>50 gal/acre) compared with sprayers calibrated at ≈25 gal/acre. However, when clove oil was applied at the recommended rate of 10% by volume, herbicide cost was doubled when sprayer output volume was doubled. It was theorized that herbicide adjuvants might improve clove oil efficacy and reduce weed control cost by not needing to increase sprayer output volume. Trials were conducted from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate all possible combinations of two sprayer output volumes and five herbicide adjuvants used with clove oil (10% by volume) for cool season weed control. Sprayer output volumes evaluated were 25 and 50 gal/acre, using spray tips of differing orifice size. Adjuvants evaluated were a material composed of saponins, citric acid plus garlic extract, an emulsified petroleum oil (EPO) insecticide, a conventional petroleum oil adjuvant (POA), no adjuvant used with clove oil, and a nontreated control. Weed control was not consistently improved by applying clove oil (10% by volume) with a sprayer calibrated at 50 gal/acre compared with sprayer calibrated at 25 gal/acre. Improvements in weed control that were occasionally seen did not affect onion yield. Adjuvants provided minimal improvement in weed control from clove oil and did not consistently improve onion yield. Based on these results, clove oil does not provide suitable levels of weed control in organic Vidalia® sweet onion production to justify the expense.

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Rao, D. Tripati, and Saurabh Goyal. "Global Commodity and Oil Price Movements, Macroeconomic Performance and Challenges for an Emerging Economy: The Indian Experience." Global Business Review 19, no. 3 (February 14, 2018): 650–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713885.

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Commodity and oil price fluctuations have significant bearing on domestic macroeconomic performance and macroeconomic policymaking of an emerging economy. The article explores the impact of non-energy commodity and oil price fluctuations on output, inflation and real exchange rate (RER) in India; and commodity and oil constituting sizeable imports. The empirical analysis carried out through vector error correction model (VECM) for the post-liberalization period 1991–2014 clearly points out that commodity and oil price shocks have a significant impact on the variation in output and prices accounting for RER adjustment and the role of a developed financial market (private credit). The RER adjusts to commodity and oil price shocks, accounting for foreign exchange reserves and financial markets (private credit). The impulse response functions indicate that one standard deviation shock in commodity and oil price persists for three to eight quarters over domestic prices and output. While these results point to lessening of commodity and oil imports through a series of medium and long-term structural-cum-policy reform measures, in the immediate, they also lend a role of intervention by monetary authority (central bank) in pursuit of inflation targeting. Conjointly, pursuance of countercyclical fiscal policy to stabilize domestic output and prices in short run are called for.

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Barrell, Ray, and Simon Kirby. "Trend Output and the Output Gap in the UK." National Institute Economic Review 215 (January 2011): F63—F74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950111401138.

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This note looks at estimates of the current scale of the output gap in the UK and at the factors that affect estimates of the trend rate of growth. These issues are central to the debate on macroeconomic policy, both in the short and the long run. The speed at which the economy returns to full capacity, along with the scale of the output gap, will be important factors affecting average growth over the next five years. In the longer term, trend growth at full capacity is not immutable, but rather depends upon the rate of labour augmenting technical progress and the growth of the labour force. In the medium term these factors can be added to by temporary bursts of capital augmenting technical progress and by changes in the user cost of capital that may change the optimal capital-output ratio. Other factors, such as the cost of materials, also affect potential output. Over the past few months there has also been a significant rise in oil prices, and we judge this to have a strong permanent component which will reduce trend growth in the short term and trend output in the longer term. Its implications are more fully discussed in Barrell, Delannoy and Holland in this Review.

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GÃœNEY, Pelin Ã–GE. "The Effects of Oil Prices Changes on Output Growth and Inflation: Evidence from Turkey." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2013): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i11.446.

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This paper investigates the effects of oil price changes on output and inflation for the case of Turkey using monthly time series data for the period 1990:1â€“2012:3. Recent studies suggest that oil price changes may have asymmetric effects on the macroeconomic variables. To account for asymmetric effects, we decompose oil price changes into positive and negative parts following Hamilton (1996). Our results show that while oil price increases have clear negative effects on output growth, the impact of oil price decline is insignificant. Similarly, oil price increases have positive and significant effects on inflation. However, oil price declines have not a significant effect on inflation. The Granger causality tests also support these results.

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Kumhof, Michael, and Dirk Muir. "Oil and the world economy: some possible futures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2006 (January 13, 2014): 20120327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0327.

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This paper, using a six-region dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the world economy, assesses the output and current account implications of permanent oil supply shocks hitting the world economy. For modest-sized shocks and conventional production technologies, the effects are modest. But for larger shocks, for elasticities of substitution that decline as oil usage is reduced to a minimum, and for production functions in which oil acts as a critical enabler of technologies, output growth could drop significantly. Also, oil prices could become so high that smooth adjustment, as assumed in the model, may become very difficult.

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Hsing, Yu, and Mario Krenn. "Effects of the Global and Domestic Business and Economic Factors on Aggregate Output in Austria." Asian Business Research 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v1i1.7.

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<p>Based on a quarterly sample during 2003.Q1 – 2015.Q1, this paper finds that Austria’s aggregate output is positively affected by the lagged German or U.S. output, the real oil price and labor productivity and is negatively influenced by real effective exchange rate appreciation, the real lending rate, central government debt as a percent of GDP and the expected inflation rate. Hence, a rising oil price would not harm aggregate output, and recent depreciation of the euro would be beneficial to aggregate output.</p>

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Oladunni, Sunday. "External Shocks and Business Cycle Fluctuations in Oil-exporting Small Open Economies: The Case of Nigeria." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 10 No. 2 (February 21, 2020): 39–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.10219.2/6.

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This study employs a sign-restricted Bayesian structural vector autoregressive (BSVAR) model to analyse how global demand, oil price and the US monetary policy shocks impact the Nigerian business cycle. The objective is to uncover the dominant external drivers of the business cycle in Nigeria. Results show that global demand and oil price shocks are the principal foreign drivers of the Nigerian business cycle. The global demand shock elicits the strongest responses from output growth and inflation; while oil price shock impacts the terms-of-trade and interest rate the most. The historical contributions of the global demand and oil price shocks to the evolution of output growth are significant and comparable, while that of oil price shock to inflation and interest rate is dominant. Further sensitivity analysis of pre-crisis period of 2008/09 suggests that macroeconomic risk arising from global demand shock is systematic, owing to the comparable impact on output growth and similar interest rate response in the two estimations. Evidence suggests that the GFC may have contributed to the more volatile inflation response to global demand shock in our full sample estimation. Given the strong and pervasive impact of the global demand shock on output growth, Nigeria can manage its vulnerability by shrinking the size of oil exports in its terms-of-trade, while growing non-oil exports progressively through sustained economic diversification and viable industrialization strategy.

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ADEFABI, Rasak Adetunji. "Exchange Rates Management and Disaggregated Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria (1986-2019)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10652.

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This study investigated the effect of exchange rates management on manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1986-2019. Secondary data used in the analysis were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, (2020) and World Development Indicators, (2020). Stationarity and orders of integration of the variables were examined with both Augmented-Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Having disaggregated manufacturing sector output into oil and non-oil source, two different models emerged. The results of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound test for co-integration revealed that the variables under oil sector model were co-integrated, while there was no evidence of co-integration in non-oil model. ARDL technique of estimation results showed that, both in the short-run and long-run, real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on oil manufacturing sector, while real interest rates negatively and significantly influenced the sector in the short-run. In the non-oil model, it was found that, both in the short-term and long-term, while real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on the sector, inflation produced positive and significant effect. Authority in Nigeria should improve on trade competitiveness of Nigeria with other countries via empowering the domestic currency to improve on domestic manufacturing sector performance.

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Foong, Steve Z. Y., Viknesh Andiappan, Raymond Tan, and Denny K. S. Ng. "Optimization and analysis for palm oil mill operations via input-output optimization model." MATEC Web of Conferences 268 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926802006.

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A typical palm oil mill produces crude palm oil, crude palm kernel oil and other biomass from fresh fruit bunches. While the milling process is well established in the industry, insufficient research and development has been done on analyzing the operational performance of a mill. Factors such as operating time and fruit availability affect the performance of a palm oil mill (e.g., capital, operating and labor costs). This paper presents an input-output model to optimize the operations of a palm oil mill based on maximum economic performance. Following this, feasible operating range analysis (FORA) is performed to study the utilization and flexibility of the process. A palm oil mill case study in Malaysia is used to illustrate the proposed approach. Based on the optimized results, it was found that 37% reduction in capital cost and 49% increase in economic performance is achieved. Meanwhile, the utilization index of the mill during peak season increases from 0.48 to 0.76.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil output'

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