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1
Ahmad, Farah Binti. "Microbial oil production from oil palm empty fruit bunch." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102133/4/Farah_Binti_Ahmad_Thesis.pdf.
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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the major solid wastes from palm oil processing. EFB is a lignocellulosic biomass and has the potential to be converted into microbial oil through biochemical routes, where the oils can be further used for biodiesel production. This PhD research aimed to develop and optimise a process for microbial oil production from EFB. The microbial oil production process involves cultivation by oleaginous microorganisms including microalgae, yeasts and fungi on EFB hydrolysates as carbon substrates. The study demonstrated that EFB is a promising low cost non-food feedstock for biodiesel production. The integration of microbial oil production from oil palm biomass with existing palm oil processing could enhance the profitability and sustainability of the palm oil industry.
2
Alfi, Irfan. "Roundtable sustainable palm oil (rspo) as an environmental solution of problems in national industrial oil palm plantation." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10007.
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Raja, Deris Raja Razuan. "Combustion and slow pyrolysis of oil palm stones and palm kernel cake." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2168/.
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Biomass is an important new energy source because it is indigenous to every part of the world, inexpensive and renewable. Malaysia's ability to produce and consistently export a large quantity of high quality palm oil has made it one of the major vegetable oil exporters in the world. By-products and waste from the palm oil mills are generated in significant amounts and mainly consist of empty fruit bunches, oil palm stone, oil palm shell, palm kernel cake and palm oil mill effluent. Some of this waste is currently used as fuel for boilers with low energy efficiency, as a soil conditioner, or in furniture making. There is a significant interest in recovering energy from oil palm shells and extensive research has been carried out in this area in other studies. However, research on energy production from oil palm stone (OPS) and palm kernel cake (PKC) is very limited. Waste from the oil palm industry, especially OPS and PKC, is abundant and could help to meet the energy demand if properly managed. The main objective of this PhD study was to investigate the main characteristics of the thermo-chemical conversion of OPS and PKC. A series of combustion and pyrolysis tests were carried out using OPS and PKC as the raw materials in fixed bed and pilot-scale fluidised bed reactors. In addition, the FLIC modelling code was used to predict key parameters including theoretical solid temperature and gas composition, and to validate the experimental results from fixed bed combustion tests. Pelletisation was also carried out on PKC due to the loose nature and small size of the particles. In the series of pyrolysis tests using OPS and PKC carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the effects of heating rate at the temperature of 700°C on the yields and properties of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The calorific values of the chars obtained from the OPS and PKC were approximately 28 MJ/kg. The properties of the chars produced were similar to bituminous coal in terms of their calorific value and carbon content. The pyrolysis liquids obtained from the OPS and PKC had calorific values of 21-38 MJ/kg. The pyrolysis liquids obtained from OPS were in the form of a homogeneous liquid, whilst that derived from PKC contained more than half as an aqueous fraction. The results from the fixed bed combustion tests showed that the burning rates increased with an increase in the air flow rate. In addition, results from the FLIC code used to simulate the fixed bed combustion of the oil palm stone showed good agreement with the experimental data in terms of predicting the dynamic temperature profiles along the bed height and the flue gas composition. The effect of primary air flowrate and initial bed temperature were the main parameters investigated in the pilot-scale fluidised bed combustion tests. Both the internal temperature and the surface temperature were found to decrease as the primary air flowrate increased. In all tests CO emissions were less than 0.2%. The emissions of SO2 and HCl ranged from 0.02 ppm to 0.05 ppm, significantly below the levels set by legislation. Stable combustion was observed at a bed temperature of 950°C. The most abundant elements found in the ash were Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S and Si. The variables explored in the pelletisation of PKC were pressure, temperature, fuel moisture content and the effect of binders, which all had significant effects on density and tensile strength. The most favourable conditions for pellet production were found to be a pressure of 9338 psi/64.38 MPa, a temperature of 80-100°C and a fuel moisture content of 7.9%. These pellets had densities of 1184-1226 kg/m3 and tensile strengths of 930-1007 kPa. Adding small amounts of caustic soda (1.5-2.0wt %) to the PKC under these conditions increased the tensile strength to 3055 kPa, whereas starch additives were not found to be effective binders.
4
Senteri, Zulkifli Bin. "An econometric analysis of the United States palm oil market /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513408123.
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Choong, Chee Guan. "Sustainability in the Malaysian palm oil industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589047.
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With a rapidly growing world population, the demand for palm oil is increasing. In 2010, palm oil accounted for 36.5% of the world's vegetable oil production and it is projected to be the leading vegetable oil in the world by 2016. The Malaysian palm oil industry is committed to delivering sustainable palm oil products to its customers. This is being achieved through the establishment of a roadmap identifying strategies and action plans that are priorities for 2009 to 2020. These include the implementation of IS014001 (Environment Management Systems), since 2004, and IS014040 (Life Cycle Assessment), since 2006. The implementation of carbon footprint labelling is currently being carried out as part of continuous improvements for the delivery of sustainable palm oil. The aim of this research was to investigate tools and methods that might be used in the delivery of sustainable Malaysian palm oil. Interviews based on a semi- structured questionnaire were used to identify current practices in the Malaysian palm oil industry. Results from the interviews highlighted the importance of IS014001 and IS014040 implementations in the delivery of sustainable palm oil. Case studies related to IS014001 and IS014040 were used to derive stakeholder needs for sustainable palm oil. These informed the creation of a supply network map that was used to visualisethe Malaysian palm oil industry and the extent of current IS014001 and IS014040 implementations. It was found that neither IS014001 nor ISO 14040 were implemented across the whole supply network. The supply network map was used to frame simulations of parts of the Malaysian palm oil industry system, namely, the plantation, mill and mill-refinery. Early results indicated that computer simulations could be a valuable tool that would complement existing methods such as Environmental Management Systems and Life Cycle Assessment. Simulation models could be populated with real-world data and used to inform policies for Malaysian palm oil production. For better traceability of decision making, considerations would need to be given to the identification of system boundaries, simulation parameters related to stakeholder needs, the capture of operating environments, and risks and uncertainties in the validation of models.
6
Lucey, Jennifer Marie. "Insect diversity across rainforest-oil palm ecotones." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547326.
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Nelson, Stephen Peter Connor. "Investigation into aspects of oil palm breeding." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367545.
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Hirbli, Toufic. "Palm oil traceability : blockchain meets supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117800.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged student-submitted from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
There is a current lack of visibility in the transfer of goods from farmers to oil mills, to manufacturers, to retail outlets and finally to the consumer in the palm oil industry. While leading brands have pledged to commit to a 100% sustainable certification, only 19% of global palm oil production is certified as sustainable. Emerging technologies, such as blockchain, a distributed ledger, can transform supply chain traceability as we know it and bring more transparency through the value chain, creating value to stakeholders. From a process perspective, the proposed solution leverages the mass balance, and book and claim traceability models that RSPO has defined. From a technology perspective, the proposed solution leverages blockchain, geospatial imagery classification, and IoT technologies to keep track of the flow of physical goods and sustainable palm oil certificates. From a people perspective, the proposed solution includes a set of incentive models that could be utilized in easing change management efforts.
by Toufic Hirbli.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
9
Mepsted, Roger Charles. "Studies on Fusarium wilt of oil palm." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332520.
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Lim, Chye Ing. "Sustainability Assessment of Malaysian Palm Oil Industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75678.
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The Palm Oil Sustainability Assessment framework has been developed to improve sustainability performance of Malaysian palm oil production. It was applied to a crude palm oil supply chain to identify sustainability improvement strategies. A biogas plant has been incorporated into the existing supply chain to improve the sustainability performance of crude palm oil production. This framework will assist stakeholders in the supply chain to select appropriate strategies for sustainable palm oil production.
11
Theppuangtong, Yuenyong. "Prospects of oil palm development in Thailand." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130889.
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Since oil palm was introduced to Thai agriculture in the late
1960s, the oil palm industry in Thailand has grown rapidly and has
shown promise as a remedy for the domestic oils and fats crisis, and
for the country's foreign exchange deficit. As oil palm gives high
returns to investment, further expansion of the industry can be
envisaged. However, development of the oil palm industry has been
undertaken without a definite supporting policy from the government to
facilitate progress. It is felt that involvement of the government is
necessary for any further development of the industry. This is because
world production of palm oil is expected to increase dramatically with
both the rapid expansion of oil palm industries in the main producing
countries and the improvement of production technology. It is,
therefore, argued that the government should show concern by playing a
more positive role in the provision of supportive activities for the
industry in order that efficiency of production can be improved, and
Thailand, as a palm oil exporter, can secure a competitive position in
the world market.
This study provides general information on the palm oil situation
as a basis for policy formulation. It reviews of production and
consumption of palm oil in the oils and fats economy, both
internationally and domestically, and an evaluation of oil palm
cultivation in Thailand. The high-yield characteristics of oil palm contribute to the high
return to investment in the oil palm industry. Production of palm oil
on a commercial basis has thus expanded rapidly in the last two
decades, notably in Southeast Asia, where Malaysia dominates as the
largest producer. Recently, the share of palm oil production increased
to 9% of the total supply of major oils and fats. Produced from a
perennial crop, the supply of palm oil has increased steadily with low
flexibility to price fluctuations. Its share of the world market is expected to double by the year 2000. This suggests a fall in the price
of palm oil in the long term.
Parallel to the expansion of the oil palm industry, research into
ways of improving productivity and the quality of oil palm is being
conducted, led by Malaysia, in order to maintain profitability.
Effective methods include the development of high-yielding varieties;
reproduction of standard planting material through tissue culture
techniques; the use of insects as pollinating agents, which is also
labour saving; and improving methods of fertilization and chemical
control. These methods are likely to be adopted widely in the near
future.
Palm oil is a low priced oil. It is primarily used in the
manufacture of margarine, shortening and soap. Advances in refining
technology, especially the fractionation process, makes palm oil
substitutable for either saturated or unsaturated oils in various
end-uses. This, coupled with its price advantage, encourages the
widespread use of palm oil in many manufactures. Palm oil may even be
used as a gasoline substitute.
However, markets for palm oil are still limited. Processed palm
oil confronts trade barriers in many countries, especially Europe,
where refining techniques are advanced and crude oil is preferred.
LDCs' markets are also limited by restricted income and, in some
regions, traditional tastes and preferences. Promotion of more uses
of palm oil is being conducted by leading producers, especially
Malaysia. Palm oil is also consumed in Thailand. Shortages in the domestic
supply of oilseeds, and a high cost of oil processing, have led to
substitution with palm oil in many manufactures. Demand for palm oil
has risen rapidly in recent years, and this has had an impact on
domestic oilseed producers. Imported palm oil was then used to
replace domestically produced oils, with the result that farm prices
of oilseeds were reduced to unfavourable levels. Eventually, the
government had to protect domestic producers by regulating the volume
of palm oil imported. By and large, the rising demand for palm oil is
explained by the shortage of coconut oil, rather than of soybean oil,
for manufacture of edible products and soap. As the supply of domestic coconut oil is likely to have reached its maximuni, demand for palm oil
is expected to increase steadily in the future.
Supply of domestically produced palm oil in Thailand has not been
sufficient to cope with the rising demand, as production is still in
the early stages of development, and the quality of domestic palm oil
has been inferior. Although most domestic production was consumed, it
has been mainly used in producing soap and some edible products. Such
limited use implies a need for improvement in oil palm cultivation to
upgrade oil quality.
Using an established model for prediction of oil palm output, it
is estimated that output of domestic palm oil will exceed demand by
1987. This means that Thailand will be able to export the palm oil
surplus in a few years. Output of bunches will also exceed the
existing mill capacity, and expansion of mill capacity will also be
needed.
Most areas under oil palm in Thailand are under large-scale
management. The rate of return to investment is around 24% with a
nine-year payback period. Oil palm production on smallholdings has
been shown to be economically efficient, but lack of technical
knowledge and limited capital are major problems hampering the
capacity of this sector of oil palm cultivation. Given Thailand's optimum "growing conditions, it is recommended
that further development of the industry should be encouraged and that
greater participation of smallholders is desirable. A definite
development policy should be formulated, and supportive activities
such as research on appropriate cultivation methods and provision of
improved materials, as well as credit provision and improvement of
infrastructure, should also be undertaken by the government.
12
Ugye, Rachel Serumun. "Characterization of palm olein (oil) as base oil for biolubricant production." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20321.
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This research work is on the determination of the properties of palm oil as potential base oil for producing bio based lubricants. The samples analysed were obtained from the open markets in the South West, South East and South South zones of Nigeria. Some of the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, specific gravity, acid number, noack volatility and aniline point were analysed. The samples were degummed, neutralised and bleached to remove the red colour (carotene) and gummy materials. The bleached samples were tested to determine the above mentioned properties. Comparison of the crude palm oil and the bleached samples with the conventional lubricants Mobil Super SAE20W40 and Mobil gear oil SAE75W90 was made. Finally, it was observed that the crude palm oil and the bleached sample exhibit good lubricating characteristics to be used as base oils for formulation of bio-lubricants. Despite palm oil being a food crop, an abundance of available land and the scale of prospective market demand suggest that commercial cultivation is unlikely to negatively affect food cultivation and the prices of food products.
13
Bondan, Widyatmoko. "The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification (ISPO):Opportunity for Inclusion of Palm Oil Smallholder in Riau Province." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242760.
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Wang, Wendy Yanling. "Assessment of ant biodiversity in Malaysian (Sabah) oil palm plantations in relation to oil palm age and across spatial scales." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648783.
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Castillo, Caceres Miluska. "Obtenção de gorduras low trans por interesterificação quimica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254687.
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Orientador: Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo GonçalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: As gorduras trans, principalmente presentes nos alimentos industrializados como biscoitos, gorduras para fritura, margarinas, entre outros, são resultados da hidrogenação parcial, processo utilizado pela indústria há mais de 100 anos
Abstract: Trans fats, most contained within food industrialized and biscuits, fats for frying, margarine and others, are the result of partial hydrogenation, a process used by the industry for more than 100 years
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
16
Erwinsyah, Erwinsyah. "Improvement of Oil Palm Wood Properties Using Bioresin." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1211880694953-36973.
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Die ausWestafrika stammende Ölpalme (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) ist zur populärsten Kulturpflanze in Südostasien geworden. Als Haupterzeugnisse dieser Pflanze gelten die Öle der Früchte und der Fruchtkerne. Die weltweite Nachfrage nach diesen beiden Haupterzeugnissen nimmt sehr rasch zu. Ursache hierfür ist die breite Anwendungspalette dieser Pflanzenöle, wie z.B. Bratöl, ölbasierte Chemikalien und ölbasierte Nahrungsmittel, Kosmetika, Waschmittel, Biobrennstoff usw. Indonesien und Malaysia sind die Hauptproduzenten und Hauptlieferanten solcher Produkte und decken über 85% des weltweiten Bedarfs. Mit Extensivierung der Ölpalmplantagen sehen sich die Erzeugerländer zunehmend mit ernstzunehmenden Umweltprobleme konfrontiert, da nach Erreichen der wirtschaftlichen Lebenspanne (Umtriebszeit) von 25 Jahren große Mengen an festen, biologischen Abfallstoffe bei der Neubegründung der Bestände anfallen. So sollen z.B. im Jahre 2010 laut Vorhersagen mehr als 20 Mill. Kubikmeter Ölpalmen- Holz jährlich anfallenOil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) becomes the most popular crop, especially in Southeast Asia, than its origin,West Africa. World demand of two main products from this crop (e.g. crude palm oil and palm kernel oil) increases very rapidly, due to very wide ranges use of these vegetable oils for industrial purposes, such as fried oil, oleo-chemical and -food, cosmetics, detergent, biofuel and etc. Indonesia and Malaysia are the main producers and supplying more than 85% of world consumption. On the other hand, due to the economic life span of this popular crop (25 years), the producer countries have been facing a serious environmental problems concerning to the solid biowaste handling of oil palm industry, particularly the oil palm trunk after replanting activity. Starting 2010, it is predicted that more than 20 millions cubic meter biomass from oil palm trunk available annually
17
Huntley, Rachel Paula. "Cytokinins and gibberellins in oil palm sex determination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388546.
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Ahmad, Norzalina. "Essays on the crude palm oil futures market." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573701.
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This thesis contributes to the existing literature by presenting the substantive essays on the Malaysian CPO futures market. In the first essay, the market efficiency test for the long-run, short-run and relative efficiency is applied under both open-outcry and electronic trading systems in the Malaysian Derivatives Markets. The findings reveal that the Malaysian CPO futures market is efficient in the long-run but inefficient in the short-run for both trading systems. The relative efficiency ratio test suggests that the level of inefficiency is higher in the electronic trading system and tends to increase with time to maturity. The second essay examines price discovery by utilizing the cost-of-carry model with incorporating an endogenously convenience yield. This model also is able to detect the market characteristics whether in backwardation or contango. The main result shows that the futures price is the main contributor to the price discovery function in the Malaysian CPO market. Furthermore, the long-run backwardation is significantly exist in the CPO futures market. Another finding reveals the positive CPO convenience yields and its value increases with time to maturity. The third and final essay explores the long memory properties of futures-spot basis and interest cost on market efficiency. The empirical result shows that the CPO futures basis can be characterised by both long memory and structural breaks. Moreover, the interest cost also shows the evidence of the long memory component. These findings are not consistent with unbiasedness hypothesis and therefore, past prices can be used to predict the future spot price. A new finding reveals that the level of persistence in futures basis and interest cost, increases when time to maturity increases.
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Fitzgerald, A. M. "Crystallisation and deposition behaviour of palm oil fractions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599055.
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A model fat system to study the phenomenon of undesired deposition in food fat distribution lines was developed and characterised after consideration of the major triglyceride fractions that were found to be present in core analyses and in related systems exhibiting unwanted crystal formation in palm oil based products and fat blends. The model fat solution utilised was a blend of tripalmitin, the highest melting point triglyceride present in palm oil, and an inert paraffin solvent. A batch crystalliser was commissioned and techniques were developed and validated for sampling the crystallising solution and isolating crystal samples without the introduction of artefacts. Protocols and methods for analysis of crystal samples e.g. particle size distribution were developed and verified. Results from the batch crystallisation experiments indicated that there were two main modes of crystal formation which determined the type and nature of the crystals formed. A deposition flow cell apparatus was commissioned in which the mean flow velocity and coolant temperatures could be varied. A heat flux sensor was incorporated into the flow cell to allow in-situ monitoring of the extent of disposition. The apparatus was designed so that the deposit formed could be monitored visually during deposition and could be readily removed for closer examination of its microstructure. The data from the heat flux sensor in the flow cell was used to generate real-time deposit thickness profiles and fouling rates. Results from the deposition experiments indicated that there are two main modes of deposition. The first occurs at low saturation levels and at a small temperature driving force, where the deposit grows slowly and steadily to reach an asymptote with no evidence of removal, therefore indicating that the deposit is relatively strong in nature. The second type of deposition observed involved rapid growth with frequent removal (sawtooth behaviour) indicating a weaker deposit. This latter type of behaviour was seen predominantly at high concentrations and with large temperature differentials.
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Hitam, Ahmad. "Systems analysis of harvesting of oil palm bunches." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293562.
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Wong, Kien Keong. "Assessment of pollution control in palm oil milling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46911.
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Sundaresan, Abaya Meenakshi. "Oil palm phenolics suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85775.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Page 122 blank Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Water-soluble Oil Palm Phenolics (OPP), derived from Elaeis guineensis, contains a unique blend of plant phenolics. Recent cell and animal studies have demonstrated positive health benefits in a number of different organ systems, with almost no noticeable side effects. Its efficacy and non-toxicity may be in large part due to several active polyphenolic ingredients, rather than a single one. In this work, some of the coordinated mechanisms through which OPP functions to protect glial cells and chemical systems from oxidative stress and inflammation were studied. The antioxidant effects of OPP were analyzed based on its ability to act as a direct antioxidant against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), the selective expression of several antioxidant enzymes when added to U-87 astroglial cells, activation of the inherent antioxidants of the body such as glutathione and change in protein expression of activated enzymes such as Heme Oxygenase 1. An image analysis assay was developed to study the effects of OPP on cell size, morphology and phagocytosis of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. This study was followed by experiments to quantify the reduction of nitrite and anti-inflammatory protein expression changes after addition of OPP in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. The insights gained from the study of OPP mixture led to the experiments for probing the synergistic interactions and biological enhancement activity among the individual components of OPP by using chemical and cell-based assays. The results described in this thesis include several advancements towards the goal of manufacturing process development of Oil Palm Phenolics and are highlighted in the relevant sections.
by Abaya Meenakshi Sundaresan.
S.M.
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Soewono, Adri A. "Blending palm oil with flaxseed oil or menhaden fish oil to produce enriched omega-3 oils for deep-fat-frying." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32399.
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Two of the major dietary food sources of omega-3 fatty acids are flaxseed oil and
fish oil; the former being a rich source of PUFA (e.g. α-linolenic acid (α-LA)), while the
latter is a source of HUFA (e.g. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA)). In this study, palm oil, a commonly used vegetable oil that is widely available in
Asian and African countries, was blended with flaxseed (omega 3-PUFA) and fish oil
(menhaden oil) (omega-3 HUFA); respectively, to obtain blended oils that both contained
a 1: 4 ratio of omega-3 :omega 6 fatty acids. Rosemary extract (0.02% w/w) was added to
the oil blends to stabilize the oil during use for deep-fat frying. Eight hours of heating at
180 °C was used to determine the stability of omega-3 fatty acids and uptake from the
omega-3 enriched palm oil into fried potatoes. Lipid oxidation and thermal degradation
of the palm oil blends, along with retention of α-LA , EPA, and DHA were measure of
oil blends stability. Linoleic acid content in flax-palm oil blend did not change during
frying when in the presence of different antioxidant treatments. The α-LA content of
heated flax-palm oil blend was significantly reduced (P<0.05) after 8 hours of frying.
Meanwhile, linoleic acid and EPA content in the fish-palm oil blend revealed significant
(P<0.05) decreases in concentration after 8 hours of frying regardless of the presence of
antioxidant. The DHA concentration was significantly lower when present in the absence
of antioxidant (P<0.05). Totox significantly increased (P<0.05) in the blended oils after 8
hours of frying; albeit the extent of oxidation and thermal degradation was reduced when
rosemary extract was added. A significant uptake of omega-3 fatty acids in both the omega-3 PUFA (e.g. α-LA) and HUFA (e.g. EPA and DHA), respectively, occurred in
potatoes fried in the respective blended oils. Although omega-3 fatty acid uptake was
prevalent in potatoes fried in both blended oils, the effect of heating reduced the optimal
1:4 ratio of omega-3 :omega-6 to a 1:6-l :7 ratio. This loss in omega-3, relative to omega-
6, was attributed to thermal oxidation; a reaction not totally preventable by adding
antioxidants to the frying oils. These functional omega-3 enhanced oils when used to
process potatoes gave forth products that represented 1/10th suggested intake for
EPA+DHA and l/50th the daily requirement for α-LA .Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Morel, Alexandra C. "Environmental monitoring of oil palm expansion in malaysian borneo and analysis of two international governance initiatives relating to palm oil production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530061.
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Patel, Preya K. "The relative effects of diets containing structured Triglyceride or palm oil/palm kernel oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413458729.
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Santos, Valéria da Silva 1988. "Estruturação de óleo de palma e emulsões utilizando óleo de palma totalmente hidrogenado e lecitina de soja." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256068.
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Orientador: Chiu Chih MingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O óleo de palma (PO) destaca-se por ser uma matéria-prima com grande potencial de aplicação em diversos produtos. Porém, quando aplicado de maneira isolada, apresenta cristalização lenta, gerando problemas para a indústria de alimentos. A fim de acelerar a cristalização utilizam-se compostos que podem, além de contribuir para a redução do período de indução, atuar como agentes estruturantes, atual foco em desenvolvimento na área de óleos e gorduras. Este estudo tem por objetivos avaliar o efeito da adição de óleo de palma totalmente hidrogenado - hardfat de palma (HP) e lecitina de soja desengordura (SL) como agentes estruturantes em óleo de palma, em misturas de óleo de palma com oleína palma e respectivas emulsões A/O. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a cinética de cristalização, o perfil de sólidos, consistência das gorduras puras e emulsionadas, a estabilidade das emulsões e a microestrutura. A incorporação de HP ao óleo de palma refinado e em misturas do óleo de palma com oleína de palma induziu mudanças significativas no comportamento de cristalização tanto nas gorduras como nas emulsões, quando comparado à adição de SL. Foi possível verificar que o comportamento de cristalização de gorduras puras e emulsionadas é diferente, a presença de água no sistema retarda o inicio da cristalização. Algumas emulsões com HP apresentaram-se estáveis após 8 dias de ciclização, mesmo sem o emprego de emulsificante (SL). Os resultados indicam que o HP atua como núcleo preferencial de cristalização e o sinergismo entre a SL e o HP foi evidenciado, ambos atuando positivamente como agentes estruturantes. A SL promoveu interações entre os cristais de gordura, conferindo maior consistência às amostras e características favoráveis quanto ao parâmetro espalhabilidade
Abstract: Palm oil (PO) stands out being a raw material with great potential for application in many products. However, when applied alone, has slow crystallization, causing problems for the food industry. In order to accelerate palm oil crystallization some compounds are they can, besides contributing to the reduction of the induction period, act as structuring agents, this is a current focus on development in the fats and oils area. This study aims to evaluate the adding effect of fully hydrogenated palm oil (palm hardfat - HP) and de-oiled soy lecithin (SL) as structuring agents in palm oil, blends of palm olein and palm oil and their A/O emulsions. We evaluated the kinetics of crystallization, the solid fat content profile (SFC) and consistency of pure and emulsified blends of fats, it was also verified the stability of emulsions and microstructure. The incorporation of HP in refined palm oil and blends with palm olein induce significant changes in crystallization behavior in both fats and emulsions when compared to only SL adding. It can be seen that the crystallization behavior of pure and emulsified was different, the presence of water in the system slows the onset of crystallization. Some emulsions were stable for 8 days after cyclization, even without the use of emulsifier (SL). HP acts as preferential crystallization nuclei and synergism between SL and HP was evidenced, both positively acting as structuring agents. SL promoted interactions between fat crystals, giving greater consistency to the samples and interesting features about the spreadability parameter
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestra em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Bourgis, F., Aruna Kilaru, X. Cao, E. Legrand, B. Beauvoit, M. Maucourt, C. Deborde, et al. "Comparison of Transcriptome Changes Associated to Oil Accumulation in Oil Palm Mesocarp and in Oil Seeds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4867.
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Yuan, Yijun. "Functional study of oil assembly pathway in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0158/document.
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Le palmier à huile est la première culture oléagineuse, avec environ 40% de la production mondiale, et son fruit accumule deux huiles de composition très différente dans le mésocarpe et l’amande. Chez les plantes, les acides gras sont assemblés en huile dans le réticulum endoplasmique, ceci par la voie dite de Kennedy à laquelle s’ajoutent des mécanismes d’édition impliquant le métabolisme de la phosphatidylcholine. Nous avons utilisé les outils de la lipidomique pour analyser la variabilité au sein de différentes populations de palmier ainsi que pour caractériser l’accumulation d’huile durant le développement du mésocarpe et de l’amande. Puis, nous avons entrepris de tester, dans le système du double hybride de levure, les interactions entre toutes les enzymes de la voie de Kennedy et celles responsables des mécanismes d’édition, et mis en évidence 241 interactions, dont 132 sont fortes, 73 moyennes et 36 faibles. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces enzymes pourraient s’assembler en complexes supra-moléculaires susceptibles de former des métabolons. Certaines isoformes d’une même enzyme ont des profils d’interaction distincts, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour de futures recherches. De plus, nous avons caractérisé, par expression fonctionnelle dans un mutant de levure dépourvu de TAG, une acyltransférase présumée (EgWSD1-like) ainsi que les trois formes majeures de diacylglycérol acyltransférases du mésocarpe. EgWSD1-like ne restaure que l’activité de synthèse d’esters de cire dans le mutant, tandis que les trois DGAT complémentent toutes la déficience en TAG du mutant, avec d’apparentes spécificités distinctes vis-à-vis des acides grasOil palm is the highest oil-yielding crop-plant, accounting for approximately 40% of the total world vegetable oil production. The fruit accumulates oil, made of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, in both mesocarp and kernel with totally different fatty acid profiles. Fatty acids are assembled into oil through Kennedy pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is complicated by editing processes involving phosphatidylcholine metabolism. To investigate oil assembly in oil palm, we use lipidomics as a tool to analyze different populations of palm to search for TAG structural diversity, and to further characterize changes in lipid content and composition in mesocarp and kernel during fruit ripening. We used yeast two-hybrid system (split ubiquitin) to test protein-protein interactions for almost all the enzymes (32) involved in oil assembly pathway, and we demonstrated 241 interactions, including 132 strong interactions, 73 medium interactions and 36 weak interactions. Our results suggest that all enzymes might assemble into one or several complexes that may form metabolons. In addition, different isoforms of enzymes showed distinct interaction profiles, providing hints for future studies. Moreover, we also characterized the in vivo function of a putative acyltransferase (designated EgWSD1-like) possibly involved in oil assembly and the three major diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) isoforms of palm mesocarp in the mutant yeast H1246, which is devoid of neutral lipid synthesis. EgWSD1-like only shows wax ester synthase activity in yeast, while three EgDGATs all can restore TAG biosynthesis in yeast with different substrate specificities
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Zhenyue, Lai. "Pelletisation of biomass oil palm kernel shells for gasification." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1184.
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Palm kernel shells are one of the waste products in the palm oil industry. This work was focused on investigating the properties of pellets made from the palm kernel shells for use in syngas generation through gasification. The strength of the pellets increased with compaction pressure but the strength reached a plateau when the pellets achieved no or near-zero porosities, indicating that the maximum strength was achieved. High compaction speeds and short hold time during the compaction process; high humidity conditions and long storage time during post-production were found to result in lower pellet strengths. These effects were mainly related to the porosities of the pellets, and new modifications of the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth model have been proposed to describe the relationships between the strength and the porosity. The strength of binary pellets made of palm kernel shell and HZSM-5 zeolite decreased with increasing zeolite composition. This decrease was associated with higher porosities and elastic rebound of the pellets in the presence of the zeolite particles. Modifications of the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth model have been proposed to predict the strength of the binary mixture pellet, based on strength at zero porosity and the bonding capacity of zeolite and palm kernel shell.In the gasification studies, the pellets achieved a higher conversion rate from biomass to gaseous products compared to raw palm kernel shells and ground shell powder. The gasification of binary palm kernel shell and HZSM-5 zeolite pellets was proven to be feasible but not as effective in reducing tar from the gaseous products as zeolite added in-situ with raw palm kernel shells. For the same amount of catalyst used, the amount of tar reduced was less when the pelletised form was gasified, compared to that when the raw, ungrounded form was gasified in situ with zeolite. This was probably due to zeolite being trapped within the binary pellet and hence not all the zeolite was available to crack the tar.
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Henderson, William John. "Induction of androgenesis in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18911.pdf.
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Supramaniam, Christina V. "Molecular interaction between Ganoderma boninense and young oil palm." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33689/.
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Oil palm is an important crop to the economy of Malaysia and Indonesia. There have been considerable efforts to improve crop quality of crop to meet the growing demands for edible oil in the world. However, the threat of pests and diseases in Malaysian oil palm has increasingly challenged the production of crude palm oil, sometimes to the point of driving plantations to closure and conversion of estate land for commercial development. The most devastating disease in oil palm is basal stem rot (BSR), caused by the root-rot pathogen Ganoderma boninense. The disease has been observed in both young and mature oil palm and in both inland and coastal plantations. Epidemiology of BSR was explained through infection by spores and by mycelium from previously infected oil palm and coconut stands, and the presence of G. boninense in the basal stem and soil surrounding infected palms. The life cycle of G. boninense could extend to years as the fungus can remain as resting structures in palm tissues and as recalcitrant spores spread by wind and rain splash in estates. Shade house trials have been successful in producing artificially infected Ganoderma-oil palm BSR symptoms. However, the current method uses oil palm seedlings of three to 12 months and involves inoculation with G. boninense that has pre-colonised a rubber wood block for one month. This method requires a minimum of six months to observe BSR-like symptoms, a time consuming effort. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient artificial infection assay that uses clonal oil palm plantlets as hosts for BSR disease through the inoculation of G. boninense isolate GBLS. The experiment was set up with treatments of T1: non-treatment control, T2: wounded plant control and T3: wounded and GBLS-infected plants. During the incubation period of 42 days, T3 plants consistently showed significant stunting (5.18% and 13.41% shorter than T1 and T2, respectively) and loss of weight (57.58% and 61.00% lighter than T1 and T2, respectively). The T3 plants also had significantly thinner leaves (38.70% and 37.71% narrower than T1 and T2, respectively) and lower chlorophyll contents (42.95% and 64.88% lower SPAD readings than T1 and T2, respectively). Disease severity on the T3 plants was 100% by 6 weeks, indicating death of oil palms. The quantity of GBLS DNA present in T3 samples was highest at Day 14, corresponding to the active growth phase of the pathogen, while on Day 42, the quantity of DNA increased to 13.58% of Day 14 readings, indicating continuous growth in vivo. The method developed was time-sensitive and reliable for screening oil palm for response during the plant-pathogen interaction. The work examined the hypothesis that G. boninense utilizes lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs) such as laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) to breakdown oil palm lignin, causing primary cell, tissue and stem rot. Therefore, the role of laccase was investigated during the interaction in otherwise symptomless oil palm tissues. A small gene fragment (208 bp) of laccase was isolated from total DNA of G. boninense GBLS and sequencing showed it to contain 89% homology to basidiomycete laccase. GBLS reduced the total lignin content of oil palm in T3 plants (48.86% and 53.18% lower than T1 and T2, respectively). However, neither laccase nor MnP enzymes were produced in significantly higher amounts in T3 as compared to T1 and T2, indicating the need to differentiate the presence of plant and fungal laccases. Transcript abundance for GBLS laccase gene using qPCR indicated that laccase was induced during the interaction, with maximum laccase detected on Day 28. However, this did not place laccase as a virulence factor although the presence of higher amounts of laccase towards the end of the experiment corresponds to loss of lignin and plant death. Therefore, laccase and other LDEs need further investigations to be confirmed as virulence factors. This work reports a novel infection assay for G. boninense interaction with oil palm and was the first study to have investigated the role of G. boninense laccases in the devastating BSR disease.
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Salam, Burhanuddin bin Abd. "A systems model for the Malaysian palm oil industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283754.
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Okyere-Boateng, George. "Tissue culture response in oil palm : (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395176.
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Faruk, Aisyah. "The impact of oil palm conversion on tropical amphibians." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8458.
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Agriculturally-altered habitats, especially oil palm plantations, are rapidly dominating the Southeast Asian landscape. Although recent studies have shown reduced species diversity associated with this commodity, data on amphibian diversity are rare. The following thesis explores the impact of oil palm plantations on amphibians in Peninsular Malaysia based on (1) amphibian biodiversity, (2) quality and use of breeding sites, (3) habitat use and (4) parasitism. Contrary to expectation, not all metrics of biodiversity differed between oil palm plantations and secondary forest sites. Amphibian community composition, however, differed greatly between the two habitat types, with oil palm communities being dominated by species known to prosper in disturbed habitats, indicating that the community is currently of limited conservation value. Within plantations, temporary pools were found to serve as important breeding habitats for amphibians so a focused study on the characteristics of these pools was carried out. Although we found differences between pools, the proportion of occupied pools did not differ significantly between plantation and forest sites. I did observe evidence of breeding site preferences of least concern, plantation amphibians, along with habitat partitioning between species, a similar pattern also seen in forest communities. I compared parasite burdens between habitats by screening for the fungus Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis (Bd) and for nematode parasite load. Bd was not detected in any of my samples and there was no difference in nematode loads between habitat types. However, patterns of nematode prevalence was affected by host type, while nematode intensity was dependent on an interaction between host and body size. The final chapter indicates that in terms of parasite, the host environment is the most important. Additionally, differences in host-parasite patterns between habitats indicate a possible underlying problem that rapid biodiversity censuses would be unable to detect.
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Sitinjak, Ade. "Financial Perspective on Sustainability: Palm oil company in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424969.
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This research is conducted to identify the integration of sustainability principles into the business model of Indonesia’s banks’ lending to the palm oil sector and the implementation by the banks’ employees to support the Indonesian government to achieve the sustainability of its palm oil sector. Three of Indonesia’s state-owned banks which are among the world’s largest creditors to the palm oil sector were evaluated using documentary research and semi-structured interviews. Firstly, these banks’ annual reports and sustainability reports from 2017 were evaluated using the business model canvas concept to identify their lending business model to the palm oil sector. Afterward, the sustainability level of each bank’s lending business model to the palm oil sector was assessed using the 4P (Principles, People, Planet, and Profit) framework of corporate sustainability. Moreover, fourteen employees of the banks’ lending department were interviewed to reveal the implementation of the sustainability principles that are integrated into each bank’s lending business model to the palm oil sector at the branch office level. The stakeholder groups that are involved in the banks’ lending to the palm oil sector were also identified using the stakeholder theory perspective on a business model in value creation for sustainability. From this research, it’s revealed that even though the palm oil sector has a significant contribution to these banks’ revenue, none of them has a designated business model in lending to the palm oil sector. These three banks’ lending business models only cover general lending and are not designated only to one particular sector. Nonetheless, these banks have been integrating sustainability principles into their lending regulations to the palm oil sector. However, these sustainability principles are only integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to palm oil companies who apply for specific loan nominals. In contrast, no sustainability principle has been integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to individual palm oil businesses. Furthermore, it’s revealed that the banks’ employees don’t strictly implement the sustainability principles that are integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to the palm oil companies because they prioritize their lending target achievement. The reason is that lending target achievement is one of the important factors for each bank’s head office to decide the annual financial bonus and career development of its employees. Moreover, these banks’ employees also argued that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) documents are not reliable to represent the sustainability of the debtors’ palm oil businesses because the banks can order their partner-independent consultants to issue the EIA result according to the banks’requests.
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Hashim, Arshad. "Export performance and marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU060622.
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This study evaluates the performance of the export marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil over the period 1980-90, with emphasis on the promotion of this commodity in a large number of importing countries world-wide. The analysis of global data indicates that over this period the average per capita consumption level of oils and fats grew from 13.4 to 15.1 kg/hd, led by soybean oil and followed by palm, rape seed, and coconut oils, tallow and butter. However, the per capita consumption trend of soybean and coconut oils is declining, while there is a positive trend for rapeseed and palm oils, tallow and butter. Regression analysis using 1990 cross-sectional data based on 92 importing countries indicates that there is a significant positive and inelastic income response in per capita consumption of oils and fats, but that the income elasticity of consumption for animal fats is higher than that for vegetable oils. The relationship between per capita consumption of oils and fats types with price was found to be negative. The only significant relationship between per capita consumption of oil types and price is with palm oil. Between 1982 and 1990, vegetable oils accounted for 78 per cent of world trade in oils and fats, led by palm, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oils. Malaysian palm oil accounted for 21 per cent of the total oils and fats trade in 1982-90. Based on market share analysis, the export gains for Malaysian palm oil came mainly from the general expansion of demand for oils and fats, particularly in developing countries, and to the lesser extent from the market reorientation and competitiveness effects. The contribution of promotional efforts was evaluated using import demand and promotion model for Malaysian palm oil. Promotional efforts were measured by estimated costs of overseas trips and familiarisation programmes, and a binary variable for ministerial visits.
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Tagoe, Sheila M. A. "Effect of mycotoxigenic microorganisms on palm fruits and palm oil produced at the cottage industry level." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503918.
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Oilseeds are e the group of crops that store energy in the form of oil. Tliey form a ery important component of tropical agriculture, because they are readily available and provide highly nutritious human and animal food. The oilseeds also irve as an important source of energy and act as carriers of fat-soluble vitamins. About 71 percent of edible oils and fats are derived from plant sources as oilseeds. Tecnnological advances have made it possible for one processing of non-food products using oilseeds as raw material. About forty different oilseeds are reported to have the potential for food uses but the most significant ones in the world's edible / non-edible oil supply include coconut, corn, cotton, oil palm, peanut, rapeseed, rice, safflower, sesame, soybean and sunflower. To achieve the objectives of the study, various preparatory experiments were conducted using molecular biology methods. Results obtained showed that DNA extraction from palm fruits and oil samples was successful with different methods being optimal for different materials; glass beads for pelleted microbes derived from oil palm fruit surface washes, liquid nitrogen for microbial cultures and Proteinase K for oil samples. Results on the free fatty acid and microbial contamination of the samples also showed that the good-grade oils contain microbes some of which may have the potential of producing toxin.
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Lieb, Veronika Maria [Verfasser]. "Development and characterisation of palm oil and palm fat substitutes of sustainable resources / Veronika Maria Lieb." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190525917/34.
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Lieb, Veronika [Verfasser]. "Development and characterisation of palm oil and palm fat substitutes of sustainable resources / Veronika Maria Lieb." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019071407145471355956.
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Hasan, Ghanaim. "The potential therapeutic role of palm oil on prostate cancer." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7256.
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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)Prostate cancer is one of the heterogeneous groups of neoplastic diseases originating from the reproductive system of the male naming, the prostate gland. In the west, prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting African men in older age (over the age of 55) and usually with a family history of the disease. The initiation and progression of this disease is thought to result from the genetic alterations of gene expression in the prostate epithelial cells. Prostate cancer has a very slow progression. This observation provides the advantage of early detection and the notion for using diet to prevent the cellular and molecular processes of carcinogenesis. Epidemiological research has documented a positive health role for red palm oil on atherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis and several types of cancers. This thesis focuses on investigating the effect of different concentrations of the red palm oil (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1 000 μg/ml) on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells and benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells over 24 and 72- hours. The following parameters were investigated: cell morphology and viability (using MTT assay), the expression of androgen receptors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) via RT-PCR and/or PSA ELISA kit. The results of this study demonstrate that red palm oil has significant cytotoxic effects on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells but caused only a slight decrease in cell viability of benign (PWR- 1E) prostate cells. Morphologically, we noted a clear increase in detachment and cell death in malignant (LNCaP) cells as the concentrations of red palm oil increased. Moreover, the viability decreased significantly in both 24 and 72-hour treatment of red palm oil. Further to this, red palm oil significantly promoted the reduction of total PSA concentration in malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells whereas in benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells the Red Palm Oil maintained the total serum PSA at its basal physiological level. In conclusion, red palm oil is significantly cytotoxic to malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells whereas weakly cytotoxic effect toward benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells. The potent inhibition to mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity is responsible for the aforementioned effects respectively. The decrease in total serum PSA demonstrate the strong therapeutic effects that red palm oil has on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells
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Chee, Tahir Aidil Bin. "A systematic approach to sustainability metrics : palm oil production as a case study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670180.
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Wilkinson, Michael Joseph. "Circadian control of isoprene emissions from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441126.
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Hishamuddin, Elina. "Partitioning of triacylglycerols in the fractional crystallisation of palm oil." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14091.
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Palm oil is industrially fractionated on a large scale to yield a liquid olein (OL) product composed primarily of low melting triacylglycerols (TAGs) and a solid stearin (ST) product primarily of high melting TAGs. The physical and chemical properties of these fractionated products differ greatly from the original oil, and have added value. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to study the partitioning of TAGs during the fractional crystallisation of palm oil and how this relates to their theoretical thermodynamic driving forces for crystallisation. Palm oil was studied under isothermal, non-isothermal and postcrystallisation stepwise remelting conditions. Filtered OL and ST products from the experiments were analysed for their TAG compositions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Raw composition results showed fully saturated TAGs partitioning significantly to the ST phase, but little difference was observed in the compositions of the more unsaturated TAGs between the OL and ST (it would be expected that these would naturally concentrate in the OL). These observations are attributed to high levels of entrained liquid in the filter retentate, which has also been previously reported in the literature. A correction method based on the assumption that no triunsaturated TAGs should be able to crystallise to any significant extent was proposed to recalculate "true" ST compositions. These calculations indicated very high levels of entrainment (with the retentate possessing more liquid than solid), with typically only about 10% of palm oil TAGs crystallising despite forming a thick slurry. Although this assumption has not been directly verified, the corrected compositions showed behaviour that was very consistent with that which would be expected from thermodynamic driving force considerations. In the isothermal and non-isothermal studies conducted, the corrected ST composition revealed that PPP and other saturated TAGs showed the fastest transformation into the ST phase, followed by POP and other monounsaturated TAGs which predominated only once the saturated TAGs had been depleted from the OL phase. Slightly higher concentrations of PPP were achieved at higher isothermal temperatures (in isothermal studies) and lower cooling rates (in non-isothermal studies). Remelting studies on palm oil revealed that the melting process was largely dominated by trisaturated TAGs. This work has also demonstrated that the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique was capable of detecting particle size and population numbers within the crystallising palm oil system and is a useful probe for detecting multiple events occuring in the crystalliser such as nucleation, melting, agglomeration and deagglomeration.
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Buchanan, Andrew Grier. "Molecular genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in oil palm." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301962.
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Miller, Robert Neil Gerard. "The characterization of Ganoderma populations in oil palm cropping systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283672.
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Sulaiman, Abdul Muis. "Tap Dancing Around Sustainability:The Case of Palm Oil Key Stakeholders." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295876.
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The Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in food and cosmetic and detergent industries hasemerged in 2014 following other EU national initiatives. This thesis project aims to explore thecondition of the initiative by examining who the key important stakeholders are and how these palmoil key stakeholders in Swedish market develop and implement their Sustainable Palm OilInitiatives. A qualitative approach using case study technique is used to guide the study andsupported by a combination of several theoretical frameworks, such as stakeholders’ theory and thevalue chain concept to address the research questions. Rooted from six organizations as study cases,the study found that the key important stakeholders for these organizations in developing andimplementing the initiatives are retailers, suppliers, consumers, trade associations, and Non-Governmental Organizations. Furthermore, the study also found that these six organizations useethical sourcing tool based on Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil certification scheme toimplement the Initiative in their respective member companies. As authorisers, the Swedish FoodFederation and the Swedish Cosmetics, Detergents and Toiletries Association developed Palm OilWorking Group and a simple platform for their member companies both in Swedish food andcosmetic and detergent industries in order to spread and manage the initiative. Världsnaturfonden,on the other hand serves as an external influencer that conducts lobbying and facilitations to supportSwedish companies to use certified segregated palm oil products to drive responsible palm oilproduction. The results show that Kicks, Croda, and Fazer facilitate the operationalization of ethicalsourcing initiative throughout their primary and supporting value chain activities. In addition,intertwined relationship between upstream and downstream parts of palm oil supply chain networksinfluences the outcome of the Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in spreading the initiativetoward market transformation in Sweden.
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Senteri, Zulkifli Bin. "An econometric analysis of the United States palm oil market." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392718329.
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Paul, Tabu Cleopas. "Fusarium wilt of oil palm : studies on resistance and pathogenicity." Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296329.
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Wong, Pin Sing. "Studies on the pre-treatment of palm oil mill effluent." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/642.
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The feasibility of using hydrochloric acid (HCl), heat, dilution and magnetic stirring for the pre-treatment of palm oil mill Effluent (POME) before the primary anaerobic treatment was investigated in this study. The theoretical background of oily water emulsion which is the characteristic of POME was reviewed. A range of experiments was performed on samples made up of different combinations of the three major components of POME namely, palm oil, solid from decanter and water. The results suggest that the development of a pre-treatment system to remove the 0.5- 1.2% residue oil and 3-4% solid matter from the fresh POME is feasible thus it could improve the efficiency of further downstream POME treatment.Experiments were conducted to examine the rate of oil flotation from the mixtures of different ratios of palm oil and water treated with different concentrations of HCl, and temperatures and magnetic stirring. Similarly, a series of experiments were performed to determine the rate of solid settlement from palm oil-solid mixture, solid-water mixture and palm oil-solid-water mixture of different ratios treated with different concentrations of HCl and different temperatures. The data obtained from the experiments were used to determine the optimum dosage of HCl used and the temperature required for best oil recovery and solid settlement.From the kinetic studies, the models of the kinetic rate of palm oil flotation and solid settlement were derived. A macro kinetic modeling was adapted to the oil flotation while a power model was used for solid settling. The results showed that treatment with 0.5% HCl was sufficient to increase the rate of oil flotation significantly in Palm oil-water mixture. However, the effect was dependent on the oil-water ratio. An increase in temperature gave higher rate of oil flotation but not as great as that of HCl treatment. Dilution was found to be the two other factors that affected the rate of flotation. The solid settling rates in all tested samples were not significantly affected when they were treated with HCl. The rate of solid settlement was found to be temperature dependent. The optimum temperature for the rate of solid sedimentation was found to be in the region of 800C. Similar positive effect was also observed for a more diluted sample of Solid-Palm oil-Water mixture.
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Ma, Wei, Que Kong, Vincent Arondel, Aruna Kilaru, Philip D. Bates, Nicholas A. Thrower, Christoph Benning, and John B. Ohlrogge. "WRINKLED1, A Ubiquitous Regulator in Oil Accumulating Tissues from Arabidopsis Embryos to Oil Palm Mesocarp." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4753.
Full textAbstract:
WRINKLED1 (AtWRI1) is a key transcription factor in the regulation of plant oil synthesis in seed and non-seed tissues. The structural features of WRI1 important for its function are not well understood. Comparison of WRI1 orthologs across many diverse plant species revealed a conserved 9 bp exon encoding the amino acids “VYL”. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids within the ‘VYL’ exon of AtWRI1 failed to restore the full oil content of wri1-1 seeds, providing direct evidence for an essential role of this small exon in AtWRI1 function. Arabidopsis WRI1 is predicted to have three alternative splice forms. To understand expression of these splice forms we performed RNASeq of Arabidopsis developing seeds and queried other EST and RNASeq databases from several tissues and plant species. In all cases, only one splice form was detected and VYL was observed in transcripts of all WRI1 orthologs investigated. We also characterized a phylogenetically distant WRI1 ortholog (EgWRI1) as an example of a non-seed isoform that is highly expressed in the mesocarp tissue of oil palm. The C-terminal region of EgWRI1 is over 90 amino acids shorter than AtWRI1 and has surprisingly low sequence conservation. Nevertheless, the EgWRI1 protein can restore multiple phenotypes of the Arabidopsis wri1-1 loss-of-function mutant, including reduced seed oil, the “wrinkled” seed coat, reduced seed germination, and impaired seedling establishment. Taken together, this study provides an example of combining phylogenetic analysis with mutagenesis, deep-sequencing technology and computational analysis to examine key elements of the structure and function of the WRI1 plant transcription factor.