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Pop, Georgeta, Ersilia Alexa, Tiberiu Iancu, Florin Imbrea, and Adrian Laza. "Study on the Influence of Soil and Fertilization on Amino Acid Content in Oil Linen." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.4.5551.
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Research results on oil linen (Linum usitatissimum L.) point out the importance of this crop not only as an oil plant but also as a plant with multiple opportunities of diversification. The experiment was set at the Didactic and Research Station within the Banat�s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara. The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of soil and fertilization on amino acid content level and structure in oil flax vegetal protein. Cultivar plays a determining role on the content of amino acids in oil flax vegetal protein: the sum of amino acids ranges between 16.21 and 22.44 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization changes the amount of amino acids: the sum of amino acids ranges between 17.08 and 23.32 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization also determines changes of the level and structure of amino acids in oil flax protein.
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Figueiredo, Rafael Cavalcante, Waldireny Caldas Rocha, and Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas. "Efeito Inseticida do Óleo Essencial e Extratos Etanólicos das Folhas de Mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) Sobre o Gorgulho do Milho (Sitophilus zeamais Mots)." Ensaios e Ciência: C. Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 22, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n2p80-84.
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Os gorgulhos atacam indistintamente grãos armazenados, causando anualmente enormes prejuízos. Medidas de controle, que causem menorimpacto ambiental, como alternativa para diminuir a aplicação de agrotóxicos e a utilização de inseticidas vegetais são importantes. O Mastruz (C. ambrosioides) é uma planta medicinal herbácea, originária da América Central e do Sul, suas folhas e frutos acumulam óleo essencial rico em ascaridol, princípio ativo responsável pelo efeito vermífugo da planta. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o potencial de ação inseticida do Mastruz sobre o gorgulho Sithophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em condições experimentais. Os experimentos foram realizados na Universidade Federal do Amazonas. O 1kg do material vegetal foi coletado na cidade de Coari, Amazonas, para a extração do óleo e para os extratos contendo etanol. Os insetos utilizados no experimento foram criados no laboratório de Zoologia. Foi realizada a cromatografia, em camada delgada, no laboratório QBioma. Foram pesadas as amostras extraídas da planta, total de 0,010g, e diluídas em 10mL de água destilada, preparada em cubas e as placas cromatográficas de 5cm x 10cm, contendo na cuba uma proporção de fase móvel de 1:1 de 1:1 de Hexano e Acetato de etila totalizando 10mL de solução, obteve-se uma separação das bandas. Nas concentrações de óleo, a eficiência no efeito inseticida foi observada a partir de 15μL, e os extratos etanólicos apenas nas concentrações de 1:1\2 e 1:1, ostrando a eficiência da planta como inseticida para o inseto-praga. Palavras-chave: Gorgulho do Milho. Extratos de Plantas. Toxicidade de Plantas. Bioensaios, Cromatografia.AbstractThe weevils indiscriminately attack stored grains, causing enormous losses annually. Control measures that cause less environmental impactas an alternative to reduce the application of agrochemicals and the use of plant insecticides are important. Mastruz (C. ambrosioides) isan herbaceous medicinal plant, originating in South Central America, its leaves and fruits accumulate essential oil rich in ascaridol, activeprinciple responsible for the plant’s vermifuge effect. The present work aims to investigate the Mastruz insecticidal action potential on theweevil Sithophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under experimental conditions. The experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas. 1kg of the vegetal material was collected in the city of Coari, Amazonas for the extraction of the oil and for the extracts containing ethanol. The insects used in the experiment were created in the Zoology laboratory. Thin layer chromatography wasperformed in QBioma laboratory. Samples extracted from the plant, total of 0.010g, and diluted in 10mL of distilled water prepared in vats and5cm x 10cm chromatographic plates were weighed, containing in the vat a 1: 1 mobile phase ratio of 1: 1 of Hexane and ethyl acetate totaling10mL of solution, a separation of the bands was obtained. In the concentrations of oil the efficiency in the insecticidal effect was observed from 15μL, and the ethanolic extracts only at concentrations of 1: 1 \ 2 and 1: 1, showing the plant efficiency as insecticide for the insect-plague.Keywords: Corn weevil. Plant extracts. Plant toxicity. Bioassays. Chromatography.
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Silva, Leirson Rodrigues. "PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E PERFIL DOS ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DO ÓLEO DA ANDIROBA." Nativa 6, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i2.4729.
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Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae) é uma planta nativa do Brasil, principalmente encontrada na região Norte. Esta tem sido reconhecida pelas suas propriedades fitoterápicas e medicinais, inclusive aos do óleo vegetal, mesmo assim ainda são necessários estudos mais aprofundados a respeito da caracterização pós-colheita do fruto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar no óleo fixo extraído da semente de andiroba, as propriedades físico-químicas e o perfil dos ácidos graxos. O óleo fixo foi obtido sob prévia extração por prensagem a frio e caracterizado quanto a: ácidos graxos livres (%), índice de acidez (mg. NaOH/g-1), índice de peróxidos (meq/1000g), índice de saponificação (mg. KOH/g-1), índice de iodo (g. I2/100g-1), pH, polifenóis extraíveis totais (mg. 100g-1), cor (L*, a*, b* e °Hue) e composição em ácidos graxos (%). Os resultados das propriedades físico-químicas demonstraram que estes se enquadram dentro dos padrões recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores de identidade e qualidade de óleos vegetais. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise cromatográfica apresentou como ácido graxo insaturado majoritário, o ácido oleico cujo valor foi de 42,71%. Além disso, o óleo apresentou o ácido palmítico (31,02%) como o principal ácido graxo saturado constituinte. Portanto, o óleo aqui estudado apresentou excelentes características de qualidade, assim como grande potencial químico-farmacológico.Palavra-chave: Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae, qualidade, componentes funcionais, cromatografia. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PROFILE OF ANDIROBA OIL FATTY ACIDS ABSTRACT:Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae) is a native plant of Brazil, mainly found in the North region. This has been recognized for its phytotherapeutic and medicinal properties, including those of vegetable oil, even though further studies on postharvest characterization of fruit are still required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oil fixed extracted from the andiroba seed, the physicochemical properties and the profile of the fatty acids. The fixed oil was obtained under prior extraction by cold pressing and characterized as: free fatty acids (%), acid number (mg. NaOH/g-1), peroxide index (meq/1000g), saponification index (mg. KOH/g-1), iodine content (g. I2/100g-1), pH, total extractable polyphenols (mg. 100g-1), color (L *, a *, b * and °Hue) and fatty acid composition (%). The results of the physico-chemical properties have shown that these are within the standards recommended by the regulating organs of identity and quality of vegetal oils. At the same time, the chromatographic analysis presented as the majority unsaturated fatty acid, the oleic acid whose value was 42,71%. In addition, the oil had palmitic acid (31,02%) as the main constituent saturated fatty acid. Therefore, the oil studied here presented excellent quality characteristics, as well as great chemical-pharmacological potential.Keywords: Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae, quality, functional components, chromatography. DOI:
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Jasper, Mônica, Maristella Dalla Pria, and Andressa Andrade e. Silva. "Uso do leite de vaca in natura no controle de oídio na cultura da gérbera." Summa Phytopathologica 35, no. 4 (December 2009): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052009000400011.
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Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world, used as cut or vase flower. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of milk in natura to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) on gerbera. The treatments tested were: two concentrations of cow's milk in natura (8 and 16%), with and without adjuvant (vegetal oil), three fungicides (fenarimol -6 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O, chlorothalonil -150 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O and azoxystrobin + mineral oil - 10 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O) and control treatment. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot based on disease severity. Milk in natura applied with adjuvant controlled the disease and did not allow the infection and development of pathogen. The addition of adjuvant improves the efficiency of milk in natura, but it requires subsequent washing of plants with H2O + detergent. The fungicide fenarimol promoted the best control and also the best gerbera visual aspect. The fungicide azoxystrobin + mineral oil and the chlorothalonil were phytotoxic to gerbera plants, affecting the aspect of leaves and flowers.
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Ávila, Marizangela Rizzatti, Alessandro de Lucca e. Braccini, Carlos Alberto Scapim, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Telmo Antônio Tonin, and Marcibela Stülp. "Bioregulator application, agronomic efficiency, and quality of soybean seeds." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 6 (December 2008): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000600006.
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The application of vegetal bioregulators has shown promising results, mainly in cultures that have already reached a high level of technology. Based on this context an experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating agronomic traits of plants, such as yield and quality of seeds, produced by applying bioregulators to a soybean crop. For this purpose, the following treatments were carried out: before sowing - seed treatment (25, 50 and 75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds); during sowing time - spraying on the sowing lines (pulverization onto the sowing lines) (50, 100 and 150 mL ha-1); between stages V5 and V6 (25, 50 and 75 mL ha-1); and the control - no treatment. Emergence speed, final seedling emergence, number of pods and seeds per plant, average height of plants, first pod insertion height, duration of the cycle, final stand, degree of plant layering, and the yield and weight of one thousand seeds were evaluated. The quality of seeds was evaluated based on germination, classification of seedling vigor, tetrazolium, health test and the quantity of oil and protein tests. The highest yield of grains, an increase of 92% as compared to the control, was obtained when using the product at a dose of 75 mL ha-1. The best quality seeds and the highest oil and protein content were obtained from seeds produced by plants whose seeds were treated before sowing time using the bioregulator (75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds).
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Benyoussef, El Hadi, and Rahma Bessah. "Potential of Renewable Energies Integration in an Essential Oils Extraction Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.561.
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This paper presents an essential oil extraction process in accordance with sustainable development and environmental protection. The idea is to use vegetal plant after extraction as a source of energy for steam production and the condensation of steam containing essential oil is ensured by an air-cooled condenser. In this prospect, a biomass burner was designed and its efficiency was evaluated and compared to an electrical heating system. From the experiments it was found that biomass could supply the energy needed to produce steam for essential oil extraction process. The essential oil yield and composition are comparable to those obtained by a classical method using an electrical heating system and a water-cooled condenser. The industrial projection and innovation lays in the integration of renewable energy in existing mobile extraction units by using solid waste as a source of energy for steam production. The condensation of steam containing essential oil can be ensured by an air-cooled condenser with fans powered by photovoltaic solar energy. Possibilities of clean energy integration and water economy in such process unit are the major technological advance in this alternative approach for energy and water savings especially in agro-based industries.
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Queiroz, Manoel Abílio de. "Recursos Genéticos Vegetais da Caatinga para o Desenvolvimento do Semiárido Brasileiro (Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 6 (March 21, 2012): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i6.232770.
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O Semiárido brasileiro, caracterizado por uma precipitação abaixo de 800 mm por ano, grande taxa de evaporação e elevado risco de seca, tem uma extensão aproximada de um milhão de quilômetros quadrados, que encerra 1.133 municípios de nove Estados e onde se insere o bioma caatinga. É uma região que apresenta grande variação ambiental e dentro dos recursos naturais, a cobertura vegetal aliada ao conhecimento e inovação é a que apresenta maior chance de manejo com vistas a criar potencialidades para serem integradas nas estratégias de desenvolvimento. O bioma caatinga vem sendo estudado e mais de duas mil espécies foram identificadas, porém, umas 130 espécies endêmicas, consideradas prioritárias, podem apresentar vários usos como forrageiras, madeireiras, ornamentais, frutíferas, apícolas, plantas produtoras de fibra, ceras, óleos e taninos além de plantas medicinais, embora uma grande quantidade de espécies sejam de usos múltiplos. No entanto, a quase totalidade dos estudos considera as espécies como se todos os indivíduos fossem iguais, deixando de considerar a variação infraespecífica, onde se inserem os recursos genéticos vegetais e que podem ser usados para os diversos fins. Algumas espécies, contudo, foram consideradas no que tange aos recursos genéticos, porém, a grande maioria delas não tem coleções estabelecidas, e muito menos, estudadas. Dentro das diversas espécies da caatinga, os mutantes sem espinhos poderão ser atrativos para diferentes usos. A caatinga também pode ser objeto de estudo dos mecanismos de economia de uso de água e de nutrientes de fontes não convencionais e os micro-organismos poderão ajudar nessa tarefa. Palavras - chave: plantas da caatinga, cobertura vegetal, usos da vegetação. Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid ABSTRACTThe Brazilian Semiarid, characterized by 800 mm or less of rainfall, very high evaporation and drought risk, comprises one million square kilometers which encloses 1.133 counties, where the biome caatinga is inserted. It is a region that presents great environmental variation but among its natural resources, the vegetation along with knowledge and innovation presents the major potential to be managed as to generate potentialities and be integrated in development strategies. The plants of this biome are currently being studied and more than two thousand species were identified, but, only 130 endemic species are considered of priority for different uses as fodder, timber, ornamentals, fruit trees, honeybee and medicinal plants and, also, plants for production of fibers, wax, oil, tannins, although many species are of multiple uses. However, the large majority of the studies on plants of caatinga consider the species as if all plants of a species were similar, without consideration to the infraspecific variation, and this is where the plant genetic resources of caatinga are and can be used for different purposes. Some species, however, were considered as far as the plant genetic resources is concerned, but, the great majority of species do not have germplasm collections, and even more, have not been studied yet. Among several plant species of caatinga, the spineless mutants may have different uses. The plants of caatinga can also be used to study the mechanisms of water economy, the nutrient supply from nonconventional sources and the soil microorganisms can help in this task. Keywords: plants of caatinga, plant cover, plant uses.
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González-Calderón, Ana Karen, Natalia Alejandra García-Flores, Ana Sofía Elizondo-Rodríguez, Mariana Zavala-López, Silverio García-Lara, Néstor Ponce-García, and Anayansi Escalante-Aburto. "Effect of the Addition of Different Vegetal Mixtures on the Nutritional, Functional, and Sensorial Properties of Snacks Based on Pseudocereals." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102271.
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Quick meals available in markets are popular among consumers. Generally, these products are not recognized as functional foods owing to nutrient-poor composition. In this study, energy snack bars were developed with different formulations, using puffed quinoa, amaranth, cacao liquor, and coconut oil, and the effects of the addition of commercial vegetal mixtures (VM) on nutritional and functional properties were assessed. VM addition showed significant effects on the protein, lipid, and fiber contents, phenolic compounds (PHC) content, and antioxidant activity of the snacks. The control snack showed higher levels of free and bound PHC. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) analyses recorded highest values of free PHC (9392.7 μmol TE/100 g dry weight) in PC65 (concentrate based on a combination of vegetal proteins), whereas the highest bound PHC levels of 47,087 and 46,531 μmol TE/100 g dry weight were observed in PC65 and the control snacks, respectively. Sensorial attributes assessment provided a high score on the hedonic scale, wherein panelists detected no differences among the samples. Altogether, the selection of non-conventional ingredients with high antioxidant activities emerged as a successful strategy to produce sensory acceptable meals.
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Tonin, Perrine, Nathalie Gosselet, Emélie Halle, and Marjorie Henrion. "Ideal oil and protein crops – what are users ideotypes, from the farmer to the consumer?" OCL 25, no. 6 (November 2018): D605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018060.
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Oil & protein ideotypes might be “ideal” in terms of agronomy, they cannot be grown if they do not meet a demand. And while plant breeding takes years to develop new varieties, consumers can change their habits very quickly. Understand the “ideal” crops from the downstream point of view is therefore of paramount importance for R&D. In this review, we look at the current and what may be the future demands for the oil and protein crops. Because of diversity of products and consumers around the world, we chose to focus on French and Western Europe productions and markets: 1) consumers are in a quest for quality, traceability and sustainability (economic, social and environmental) with specific focus on GMO-free and organic demands. Some go vegan and more and more people switch from animal to vegetal protein intakes. And they want to rethink the agriculture model. 2) The food industry must adapt to all these demands while develop solutions for technological obstacles and remain cost-competitive. 3) The farmer needs crop profitability that relies on high and steady yields, eco-friendly and cost-competitive crop management techniques and decent price.
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Robert, Chloe, Charline Buisson, Leslie Couëdelo, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Carole Knibbe, Emmanuelle Loizon, Laurence Fonseca, Fabienne Laugerette, Carole Vaysse, and Marie-Caroline Michalski. "Differential Metabolic Impact of Natural Food-Grade Emulsifiers Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Acid." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_094.
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Abstract Objectives Dietary synthetic emulsifiers have recently been shown to promote metabolic syndrome and considerably alter gut microbiota. Conversely, natural emulsifiers such as milk polar lipids (PL) are associated with beneficial metabolic effects. The effects of plant PL remain, however, poorly described. Our objective was to evaluate, using two complimentary rodent models, the impact of nutritional doses of lecithin (≤10%) of vegetal sources alternative to soy on gut microbiota, postprandial lipid metabolism, and the bioavailability of an essential plant lipid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Methods For 5 days, male Swiss mice (n = 60) were fed normolipidic diets (identical ALA content) containing 0, 1, 3 or 10% rapeseed lecithin (RL) or 10% soy lecithin. Following an overnight fast, the mice were force-fed the same oil mix and euthanised after 90 min. As a mechanistic study, male Wistar rats (n = 30) with mesenteric duct cannulation were fed 5 oil mixtures containing 0 to 20% RL. Lymph fractions were collected up to 6 h post-gavage. Plasma and lymph lipid composition was determined using GC-FID, chylomicron (CM) size using light-scattering spectroscopy, and intestinal gene expression and faecal microbiota composition by RT-qPCR. Results In mice, the consumption of lecithin significantly increased levels of faecal Clostridium leptum (P < 0.001), regardless of lecithin origin or dose. The partial replacement of oil with lecithin did not significantly alter plasma total lipids nor the expression of genes of intestinal lipid absorption. The percentage of ALA in plasma triglycerides was significantly higher in the 10% RL group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In rats, RL significantly and dose-dependently increased the rate of appearance (P < 0.01) and concentration of ALA in lymph (P < 0.01). 20% RL additionally increased CM size and expression of genes of CM secretion (Mttp, Sar1b; P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results reveal that, whereas both rapeseed and soy lecithin improved gut microbiota composition by increasing the anti-inflammatory Clostridium leptum bacterial group, only rapeseed lecithin enhanced ALA bioavailability. This study illustrates the importance of considering the use of natural emulsifiers, especially rapeseed lecithin, as plant-based food ingredients with potential health benefits. Funding Sources ANRT and UMT ACTIA BALI.
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Almeida, Lucas Aragao Hora, Luana Santos Sampaio, Mateus Ribeiro Santana, and Claudio Lucio Fernandes Amaral. "SELEÇÃO IN VITRO DE MAMONA PARA RESISTÊNCIA A ESTRESSE SALINO: FOCO NAS PLANTAS ESPONTÂNEAS." IRRIGA 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2010): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2010v15n4p414.
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A seleção de gametófitos que respondem a determinados tratamentos de forma diferenciada é de grande importância em programas de melhoramento vegetal. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o efeito do estresse salino sob a taxa de viabilidade polínica em mamona (R. comunnis L.). Foram coletadas 300 flores de 60 plantas espontâneas, previamente selecionadas com base em seu aspecto fitossanitário, a partir de duas populações obtidas no município de Jequié - BA. Para seleção in vitro foram testados 5 meios de cultura com diferentes concentrações de NaCl, quais sejam: M1 = 0; M2 = 25; M3 = 50; M4= 75 e M5 = 100 (mM). Foram observadas variações na taxa de germinação dos grãos de pólen, tanto para uma, quanto para outra população. Para todas as plantas de cada uma das populações estudadas, a taxa de germinação de pólen foi maior no meio de cultura contendo 0mM de NaCl, o que significa que o sal influência esta característica. UNITERMOS - Polén, Germinação, Fator Estressante, NaCl. IN VITRO SELECTION OF CASTOR BEAN TO SALT STRESS RESISTANCE: FOCUS ON SPONTANEOUS PLANTS 2 ABSTRACT The gametophytic selection that reacts to certain treatments in a differentiated manner is of great importance in plant breeding programs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the saline stress effect under the viability pollinic rate in castor oil plant (R. comunnis L.). Three hundred flowers of 60 spontaneous plants were collected, previously selected based on their phytosanitary aspect, from two populations obtained in the city of Jequié - BA. For in vitroselection 5 culture medium were tested with different NaCl concentrations, which were M1 = 0; M2 = 25; M3 = 50; 75 M4= and M5 = 100 (mM). Variations were observed in the pollen grains germination rate, for both populations. All plants of each studied populations hadpollen germination rate higher in the culture medium containing 0mM of NaCl, which means that the salt influences this characteristic. KEY WORDS - Pollen, Germination, Stress Factor, NaCl
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Ovchinnikov, E. V., S. Yu Uyutov, S. S. Shevelev, and A. D. Dubrovsky. "Rapeseed Oil Plant." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2006-08.
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This article off ers a method and technical solutions for using vegetable oil fuel as fuel for a diesel engine. The use of rapeseed as a fuel is hindered by its peculiarity, namely, the main problem is the high viscosity and high self-ignition temperature relative to diesel fuel. The authors propose technical solutions that ensure the use of vegetable oil fuel as a motor fuel in diesel engines. For research purposes, a two-fuel system was developed, manufactured and tested, which allows working part of the time on diesel fuel and part of the time on vegetable oil, in particular on rapeseed oil, depending on the engine operating modes. Experiments have shown high effi ciency of the two-fuel system, which excludes negative consequences for the diesel engine. As a result of the research, the team of authors obtained results and conclusions confirming that the dual fuel system allows the use of vegetable oils as motor fuel in diesel engines, while the engine operation is possible in all modes.
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Arias Trinidad, Alfredo, María Del Carmen Rivera Cruz, Antonio Roldán Garrigós, Lorenzo Armando Aceves Navarro, Roberto Quintero-Lizaola, and Javier Hernández Guzmán. "Uso de Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) en la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con petróleo fresco e intemperizado." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.22967.
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The oil industry has generated chronic oil spills and their accumulation in wetlands of the state of Tabasco, in Southeastern Mexico. Waterlogging is a factor that limits the use of remediation technologies because of its high cost and low levels of oil degradation. However, Leersia hexandra is a grass that grows in these contaminated areas with weathered oil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria density, plant biomass production and phytoremediation of L. hexandra in contaminated soil. For this, two experiments in plastic tunnel were performed with fresh (E1) and weathered petroleum (E2) under waterlogging experimental conditions. The E1 was based on eight doses: 6 000, 10 000, 30 000, 60 000, 90 000, 120 000, 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 dry basis (d. b.) of total petroleum hydrocarbons fresh (TPH-F), and the E2, that evaluated five doses: 14 173, 28 400, 50 598, 75 492 and 112 142 mg. kg-1 d. b. of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathered (TPH-W); a control treatment with 2 607 mg.kg-1 d. b. was used. Each experiment, with eight replicates per treatment, evaluated after three and six months: a) microbial density of total free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) of Azospirillum (AZP) and Azotobacter group (AZT), for viable count in serial plate; b) dry matter production (DMP), quantified gravimetrically as dry weight of L. hexandra; and c) the decontamination percentage of hydrocarbons (PDH) by Soxhlet extraction. In soil with TPH-F, the NFB, AZP y AZT populations were stimulated five times more than the control both at the three and six months; however, concentrations of 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 d. b. inhibited the bacterial density between 70 and 89 %. Likewise, in soil with TPH-W, the FNB, AZP and AZT inhibitions were 90 %, with the exception of the 14 173 mg.kg-1 d. b. treatment, which stimulated the NFB and AZT in 2 and 0.10 times more than the control, respectively. The DMP was continued at the six months in the experiments, with values of 63 and 89 g in fresh and weathered petroleum, respectively; had no significant differences with the control (p≤0.05). The PDH reached values of 66 to 87 % both TPH-F and TPH-W at six months, respectively. These results demonstrated the ability the L. hexandra rhizosphere to stimulate the high NFB density, vegetal biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils (with fresh and weathered petroleum), in a tropical waterlogging environment.
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Переверзева and E. Pereverzeva. "History of Expansion and Usage of Oil-Plants." Primary Education 4, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19007.
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The article considers the materials about the oil-plants, transplanted from the native habitat and cultivated in local soil for practical purposes.
The attention is paid to the plants that form the basis of modern oil-plant manufacture, which home country is the Old and the New World. The
article is in aid of teacher. It contains the information, which helps to form knowledge of primary schoolchildren about genesis and history of
oil-plants delivery — the source of vegetable oil. The article gives also the information about the role of oil-plants in the good balanced nutrition
of the person, especially of children and teenagers. The author considers also the questions of ecological education.
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Réblová, Z., D. Tichovská, and M. Doležal. "Heating of Plant Oils-Fatty Acid Reactions versus Tocopherols Degradation." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S185—S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/968-cjfs.
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Relationship between polymerised triacylglycerols formation and tocopherols degradation was studied during heating of four commercially accessible vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, classical sunflower oil, soybean oil and olive oil) on the heating plate with temperature 180°C. The content of polymerised triacylglycerols 6% (i.e. half of maximum acceptable content) was achieved after 5.3, 4.2, 4.1, and 2.6 hours of heating for olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, respectively, while decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved after 3.4, 1.6, 1.3, and 0.5 hours of heating for soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and olive oil, respectively. Because of the high degradation rate of tocopherols, decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved at content of polymerised triacylglycerols 0.6%, 1.9%, 2.8% and 4.9% for olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively, i.e. markedly previous to the frying oil should be replaced.
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Febriadi, Bayu, Anisya Anisya, and Pandu Pratama Putra. "Efficient Comparative Analysis Of Fertilizers Palm Oil." IJISTECH (International Journal of Information System & Technology) 3, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/ijistech.v3i1.36.
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Palm oil is a vegetable oil-producing plant that has more advantages compared to other vegetable oil-producing plants, which have high productivity reaching 4 tons ha-1 Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Palm oil is also a raw material for making food and non-food ingredients, and renewable fuels. The author wants to make an analysis by comparing two methods, namely the AHP Method (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Fuzzy logic which is able to handle the uncertainty and uncertainty used. Fuzzy logic used is the Fuzzy Tsukamoto inference system because this method uses monotonous value applications, the output of the inference output from each rule is explicitly given (crisp) based on α-predicate (fire strength). Whereas the AHP Method can facilitate in calculating the validity to the tolerance level of concentration as criteria and alternatives chosen by the user.
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Meyer, Susan L. F., Dilip K. Lakshman, Inga A. Zasada, Bryan T. Vinyard, and David J. Chitwood. "Phytotoxicity of Clove Oil to Vegetable Crop Seedlings and Nematotoxicity to Root-knot Nematodes." HortTechnology 18, no. 4 (January 2008): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.4.631.
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Clove oil derived from the clove plant [Syzygium aromaticum (=Eugenia caryophyllata)] is active against various soil-borne plant pathogens and therefore has potential for use as a bio-based pesticide. A clove oil formulation previously found to be toxic to the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in laboratory assays was investigated in greenhouse studies for nematode suppression and phytotoxicity on vegetable crops. Phytotoxicity studies were conducted with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% clove oil applied to soil 0, 2, 5, and 7 days before transplant of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Tomato seedlings were the most sensitive to clove oil. The 0.2% and 0.3% clove oil concentrations applied as drenches at transplant (0 day) were the most phytotoxic to seedlings of all the tested vegetable species, with only 0% to 50% seedling survival. Most of the clove oil concentrations applied as drenches at transplant decreased shoot heights and fresh shoot weights of all seedlings. Some applications of clove oil at 0.2% and 0.3%, applied 2, 5, or 7 days before transplant also significantly reduced shoot growth, especially of pepper and tomato. Greenhouse experiments evaluating suppression of nematode populations on cucumber were conducted with 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% clove oil applied 7 days before transplant. Overall, plants inoculated with nematodes tended to have smaller shoots and heavier roots than plants without nematodes. Effects of clove oil treatments on nematode population densities were inconsistent between the two trials. In Trial 1, 0.10% and 0.15% clove oil decreased population densities compared with the carrier control. In Trial 2, nematode population densities were lowest in the water and carrier control treatments. The results indicate that, with the tested clove oil formulation and application times, southern root-knot nematode populations would not be consistently reduced with clove oil concentrations that were not phytotoxic to one or more of the tested vegetable crops.
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Hwang, Hong-Sik. "Oranogels of vegetable oil with plant wax." INFORM: International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.01.2016.708.
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Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol, Eun-Ha Kim, Kyung-Hwan Kim, Jong-Sug Park, and Hyun Uk Kim. "Vegetable oil production in vegetative plant tissues." Plant Biotechnology Reports 11, no. 6 (October 30, 2017): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11816-017-0460-9.
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Van Der Wolf, J. M., Y. Birnbaum, P. S. Van Der Zouwen, and S. P. C. Groot. "Disinfection of vegetable seed by treatment with essential oils, organic acids and plant extracts." Seed Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2008.36.1.08.
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Medeiros, Lísia Virgínia Pinto, Bruna Fernandes Martins, Ricardo Paulo Fonseca Melo, and Shirlene Kelly Santos Carmo. "PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DO APROVEITAMENTO DO ÓLEO DE COCO OBTIDO DE MATERIAL VEGETAL DA REGIÃO DO SEMIÁRIDO POTIGUAR / BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM THE USE OF COCONUT OIL OBTAINED FROM PLANT MATERIAL FROM THE SEMIARID REGION OF POTIGUAR." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 9 (2020): 68153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-303.
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Rais, C., C. Slimani, M. Benidir, L. Elhanafi, I. Zeouk, F. Errachidi, L. El Ghadraoui, and S. Louahlia. "Seeds of Zizyphus lotus: In Vivo Healing Properties of the Vegetable Oil." Scientific World Journal 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1724543.
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The present study has been undertaken in order to highlight the healing effect of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil. The seeds of this plant contain an oil rate of 30%. The obtained results on the main elements composing the vegetable oil have shown that Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil has a low value of acidity index and it presents a not negligible degree of unsaturation. The value of the peroxide index of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil is less than 10 which characterizes the most of conventional oils. Furthermore, the spectral analysis by gas chromatography has shown the presence of 53 majority and minority molecules. Thus, the evaluation of the healing activity of Z. lotus seed vegetable oil has demonstrated a highly significant effect against the negative control and silver sulfadiazine was used as conventional treatment for burns. Based on the obtained results, we can suggest that the oil extracted from the seeds of the studied plant could be used to cure wounds.
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Ahmad, Mohammad Haniff, Wan Asma Ibrahim, Jahirah Sazali, Izirwan Izhab, and Zulkafli Hassan. "Thermal Process of Castor and Plant Based Oil." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.39711.
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Castor oil is an oil derived from castor seed from a plant Ricinus communis. The versatility of castor oil is highly attributed by 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic acid) and its functional group. It is an oil that cannot be consumed by a human. However, castor oil actually can be used to produce many valuable products such as chemicals, paint, and cosmetics due to its unique characteristic which contains a high percentage of ricinoleic acid that helps in producing many valuable products. The utilization of vegetable oils is currently in the highlight of the chemical industry, as they are one of the most important renewable resources due to their universal availability, inherent biodegradability, low price, and eco-friendly. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to focus on the thermal cracking of castor oil with Zeolite ZSM-5 as the catalyst generates products consisting alcohol, methyl esters and fatty acids which are valuable raw materials for industries. The background, characteristics, composition, properties and industrial application of castor oil have also been discussed. The important properties and various applications of castor oil which can be obtained from toxic seeds have much greater potential than other available vegetable oils.
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Liu, T. X., and P. A. Stansly. "Insecticidal Effects of Vegetable Oil on Silverleaf Whitefly, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.414.
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Abstract All but the top 3-4 fully expanded leaves were removed from 45-50 cm tomato plant with 7-9 leaves and 35 to 40 cm collard with 6-7 leaves. Plants were exposed for 72 h (Test 1) or 24 h (Test 2) to a greenhouse colony of silverleaf whitefly for oviposition. The plants were then incubated 10 d. Second instars predominated in both tests. The 3 vegetable oils labeled “A”, “B”, and “C” (Integrated Biocentrol Systems, Inc., Lawrenceburg, IN), 20 ml each, were measured into plastic vials with 5 ml of the non-ionic surfactant APSA 80 and mixed using a Vortex mixer for about 1 min. Dilutions of 0.5 and 1.0% were made by adding the correct amount of each mixture drop by drop to a 500 ml beaker filled with R.O. purified water while stirring on a magnetic stirring plate. The dilutions were stirred for an additional 2-3 min for a total stirring time of 5-10 minutes. All mixtures emulsified well. APSA 80 [0.04%(AI)] and Sunspray Ultra Fine Oil (Sun Refining & Marketing Co., Philadelphia, PA), were also tested and water was used the check. Leaves bearing an average of 120 whitefly nymphs (range: 70-179) were removed from the plant and placed abaxial side up at the bottom of a Potter Spray Tower. The tower was operated at 10 psi to deliver a volume of 3 ml. Treated leaves were placed, petiole down, in water-filled 20ml vials and incubated in an insectary 25 ± 2°C, 55-60%RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h for 5-7 days. Because of non-uniform age distribution in the first test, only dead 2nd instars and live 3rd and 4th instars were recorded. Pupae (dead or alive) were not recorded because they would have been 3rd or 4th instars when treated. For the second test, all dead and live whitefly nymphs were counted under a stereoscopic microscope.
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Dai, X. J., C. Wang, and Q. Zhu. "Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 4 (April 5, 2011): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1434-cjas.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 ± 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 ± 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥ C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.
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Nikolaeva, A. I., A. Yu Lavrentiev, and V. S. Sherne. "The influence of “Biostrong 510” additive on the meat productivity of broiler chickens." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2102-05.
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Vegetable feed additive “Biostrong 510” based on essential oils and plant substances contains active substances exclusively of vegetable origin, which have a more intense eff ect on the animal’s body. The mechanism of action is based on the synergism of several plant substances containing active substances that, when combined, aff ect a certain category of animals. The additive contains essential oils, herbal plants, and seasonings such as anise oil, thyme oil, gentian powder, chili paprika powder, and quillaya extract. The purpose of the research was to determine the feasibility and eff ectiveness of fortifi cation of compound feed with the vegetable feed additive based on essential oils and vegetable substances to increase meat productivity and meat quality. In order to study the eff ectiveness of feeding vegetable feed additive in compound feed for broiler chickens under the conditions of LLC “Akashevskaya poultry Farm” in the Republic of Mari El, a scientifi c and economic experiment has been carried out. Experiments have been performed on broiler chickens of the cross Cobb-500 from the daily to 40-day age of the birds. The eff ect of the vegetable feed additive “Biostrong 510” based on essential oils and vegetable substances on meat productivity and nutritional value of broiler chicken meat has been studied in the paper. The level of feeding and the quality of the feed consumed by poultry has a big infl uence on meat productivity. The use of our selected vegetable feed additive based on essential oils and vegetable substances increase the slaughter weight by 9,0–13,7 %, the slaughter yield by 2–5 %, the amount of muscle tissue and meat qualities of carcasses. The best results have been obtained by including the vegetable feed additive based on essential oils and plant substances in the amount of 0,015 % of the dry substance of the feed.
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Klar, Antônio Evaldo, Maria Renata Rocha Pereira, and Dagoberto Martins. "POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS NO SOLO SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS EM Cenchrus echinatus L." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p123.
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POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS NO SOLO SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS EM Cenchrus echinatus L. ANTONIO EVALDO KLAR1; MARIA RENATA ROCHA PEREIRA2 E DAGOBERTO MARTINS3 1.Prof. Emérito, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, klar@fca.unesp.br2.Engenheira Florestal, Professora, Doutora, Faculdade de Tecnologia de Capão Bonito - FATEC, Capão Bonito, SP, mariarenatarp@hotmail.com;3.Professor Livre-Docente, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, dmartins@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou relacionar a eficiência de controle de herbicidas inibidores da ACCase, aplicados em pós-emergência em plantas de Cenchrus echinatus submetidas a diferentes teores de água no solo, conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com a aplicação de três diferentes herbicidas (fluazifop-p-butil, haloxyfop-methyl e sethoxydim + óleo mineral Assist). O delineamento experimental utilizado para cada herbicida foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, constituído de um fatorial 3 x 4, sendo a combinação de três potenciais mínimos de água do solo (Ψ = -0,03; -0,07 e -1,5 MPa) e quatro doses destes produtos (100, 50, 25 e 0% da dose recomendada). A aplicação dos herbicidas foi efetuada no estádio vegetativo de 4-6 folhas e os manejos hídricos foram iniciados no estádio de desenvolvimento de duas folhas, repondo-se a água quando o solo atingia os Ψ mínimos até o solo atingir o Ψ de -0,01 MPa para os três níveis citados. As avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade foram realizadas semanalmente, dos 7 aos 28 dias após a aplicação e a matéria seca das plantas ao final destas. A eficiência de controle dos diferentes herbicidas foi influenciada pelos manejos hídricos, sendo menor em plantas mantidas em potencial mínimo de água no solo de -1,5 MPa, para todos os herbicidas estudados. Palavras-chave: capim-carrapicho, controle químico, restrição hídrica, planta daninha. KLAR, A. E.1; PEREIRA, M. R. R.2; MARTINS, D.3WATER POTENTIAL IN THE SOIL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBICIDES IN Cenchrus echinatus L 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed at relating the efficiency of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides applied to post-emergence Cenchrus echinatus plants with three different herbicide applications (fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim + Assist mineral oil). The plants were under different water levels in the soil, and the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates and a 3 x 4 factorial design with three minimum soil water potential ( Ψ = -0.03; -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) and four doses of the products (100, 50, 25 and 0% recommended dose). Herbicide application was performed at the 4-6-leaf vegetative stage and water management was initiated at the 2 leaf-development stage. Water was replaced when the soil reached minimum Ψ of -0.01 MPa for the three levels mentioned. Visual evaluations of phytotoxicity were performed weekly from 7 to 28 days after application and, thereafter, the evaluation of plant dry matter. The efficiency of control of the different herbicides was affected by water management, being lower in plants grown in minimum soil water potential of -1.5 MPa for all study herbicides. Keywords: sandbur, chemical control, water restriction, weed.
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Alves, Evânia, Elder Aguiar, Elder Aguiar, Célio Pereira, Célio Pereira, Ivanildo Moreira, Ivanildo Moreira, et al. "Efeito do tratamento químico com inseticida/fungicida e polímero na qualidade fisiológica da semente de soja - Effect of chemical treatment with insecticide / fungicide and polymer on the physiological quality of soybean seed." Científic@ - Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29247/2358-260x.2017v4i1.p12-18.
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RESUMOA soja é uma das culturas mais cultivadas do planeta, sendo o Brasil, um de seus maiores produtores. É uma fonte barata e rica de óleo vegetal. O tratamento de sementes é amplamente utilizado para evitar perdas por patógenos e insetos na fase inicial do estabelecimento das plantas. Sendo uma das formas de se evitar a perda da qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento químico com inseticida/fungicida e polímero na qualidade final das sementes de soja. Foram utilizadas sementes do cultivar M-7110 Ipro, produzida na safra 2016/17 na região de Rio Verde, GO, com grau de umidade de 12%. Os tratamentos de sementes utilizados foram: Testemunha, Caixa vigor e praga (200 mL de Cruiser+ 100 mL de fipronil + 100 mL de Maxim XL); 100 mL + 100 mL de Standak + Maxim XL (Fipronil 250 g/L + Metalaxil-M 10 g/L e Fludioxonil 25 g/L) e 300 mL + 100 mL de Cropstar + Maxim XL (Imidacloprido 150 g/L e Tiodicarbe 450 g/L + Metalaxil-M 10 g/L e Fludioxonil 25 g/L). Foram utilizados o teste de germinação, emergência e a taxa de crescimento de plântulas. O tratamento Cropstar + Maxim XL se destacou como o melhor para o tratamento das sementes de soja quando comparado aos outros tratamentos utilizados neste trabalho. O uso de Standak + Maxim ML foi inferior aos demais para o tratamento de sementes de soja.Palavras-Chave: tratamento de sementes; Glycine max; vigor.ABSTRACTSoy is one of the most cultivated crops on the planet, being Brazil, one of its largest producers. It is a cheap, rich vegetable oil fountain. Seed treatment is widely used to avoid losses by pathogens and insects in the early stages of plant establishment. Being one of the ways to avoid the loss of quality. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment with insecticide/fungicide and polymer in the final quality of soybean seeds. Seeds of cultivar M-7110 Ipro, produced in the harvest 2016/17 in the region of Rio Verde, GO, with a moisture content of 12% were used. The seeds treatments used were: Control, Caixa vigor e praga (200 mL de Cruiser+ 100 mL de fipronil + 100 mL de Maxim XL); 100 mL + 100 mL de Standak + Maxim XL (Fipronil 250 g/L + Metalaxil-M 10 g/L e Fludioxonil 25 g/L) e 300 mL + 100 mL de Cropstar + Maxim XL (Imidacloprido 150 g/L e Tiodicarbe 450 g/L + Metalaxil-M 10 g/L e Fludioxonil 25 g/L). The germination test, emergency and the growth rate of seedlings were tested. The treatment Cropstar + Maxim XL stood out as the best for treating soybean seeds when compared to other treatments used in this work. The use of Standak + Maxim ml was inferior to the other for the treatment of soybean seeds.Keywords: seed treatment; Glycine max; vigour
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Pastukhov, Igor, and Vladimir Karpachev. "PRODUCTION OF SEEDS OF F1 RAPE HYBRIDS IN MESH INSULATORS AT VARIOUS METHODS OF POLLINATION." Adaptive Fodder Production 2019, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2019-4-48-53.
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Spring rape is a valuable oil and fodder crop, a source of high-quality vegetable oil and feed protein. The basis for obtaining a high yield of seeds of rape, under the cover of mesh insulators is high-quality pollination of plants. In this regard, a comparison was made of the efficiency of pollination by forced ventilation, pollination by bumblebees and bees and open pollination at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Rapeseed from 2017 to 2018. In insulators where pollination was carried out by insects, the mass of seeds from one plant and the number of seeds in the pod were higher than in plants from insulators in which pollination was carried out by forced ventilation and open pollination. At the same time, in insulators where plants were pollinated by forced ventilation and open pollination, the plant height, the number of pods per plant, and the mass of 1000 seeds exceeded those of the insulators where pollination was carried out by bumblebees and bees. Thus, mesh isolators can maintain the genetic purity of the original parental forms, provide the production of hybrid seeds with high sowing and yield characteristics.
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Panini, Rafael Luiz, Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi, and Rone Batista De Oliveira. "VELOCIDADE DE TAMANHO DE GOTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO EM FUNÇÃO DA VARIAÇÃO DA TENSÃO SUPERFICIAL E DA VISCOSIDADE DE CALDAS DE ÓLEO VEGETAL E SURFACTANTE." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n2p180-189.
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VELOCIDADE DE TAMANHO DE GOTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO EM FUNÇÃO DA VARIAÇÃO DA TENSÃO SUPERFICIAL E DA VISCOSIDADE DE CALDAS DE ÓLEO VEGETAL E SURFACTANTE
RAFAEL LUIZ PANINI1; ULISSES ROCHA ANTUNIASSI²; RONE BATISTA DE OLIVEIRA³
¹ Consultor em Tecnologia de Aplicação, CIMOTECH, Avenida Antenor de Almeida 1-199 E06, CEP 17047-590, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil, rl_panini@hotmail.com
² Professor Dr. Titular, Depto de Eng. Rural, FCA-UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, nº 1780, Caixa Postal 237, CEP 18610-307, Fazenda Lageado, Botucatu-SP, ulisses.antuniassi@unesp.br
³ Professor Dr. Adjunto, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UENP, Rodovia BR 369, km 54 Vila Maria CEP 86360- 000, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brasil, rone@uenp.edu.br
RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo de quantificar a velocidade de diferentes tamanhos de gotas geradas por uma ponta de jato plano de faixa ampliada e determinar a correlação com a tensão superficial e a viscosidade das soluções aquosas de surfactante e óleo vegetal em diferentes concentrações. Foi utilizado o surfactante Agral® (0,0125; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5%, v/v) e o óleo vegetal Natur’óleo® (0,5; 5, 10, 15 e 17%, v/v), além de uma calda padrão (somente água). Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Para todas as concentrações determinou-se a viscosidade, a tensão superficial e a velocidade de gotas geradas pela ponta XR11003 (280 kPa). O espectro e a velocidade de gotas foram determinados por um analisador de partículas, modelo VisiSize Portable P15 (Oxford Lasers, Imaging Division, Oxford, U.K.). O sistema foi programado para determinar a velocidade das gotas em diferentes diâmetros: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 e 350 µm. Correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para verificar a relação entre a velocidade de gotas e a tensão superficial e a viscosidade. Também foram ajustados modelos para os dados de velocidade em função do tamanho de gotas, viscosidade e tensão superficial. Os resultados indicam que a relação da tensão superficial e viscosidade de caldas de adjuvantes dependem do tipo de adjuvante (vegetal ou surfactante). As emulsões formadas por óleo vegetal apresentam relação linear positiva entre concentração e viscosidade e negativa entre concentração e tensão superficial. O surfactante não apresentou relação linear da concentração com a viscosidade e apresentou relação linear negativa com a tensão superficial. A velocidade de gotas tem relação quadrática com o tamanho de gotas, independente dos adjuvantes utilizados (óleo vegetal ou surfactante). As relações de tamanho de gotas com viscosidade e tensão superficial são mais entendidas com gotas maiores que 100 µm.
Palavras-chave: velocidade de gotas, adjuvantes, tamanho de gotas.
VELOCITY OF SPRAY DROPLETS SIZE IN FUNCTION OF THE SURFACE TENSION AND THE VISCOSITY CONTEND VEGETABLE OIL AND SURFACTANT
ABSTRACT: The present work aims to quantify the speed of different sizes of droplets generated by a flat jet tip with extended range and to determine the correlation with surface tension and viscosity of aqueous solutions of surfactant and vegetable oil in different concentrations. The surfactant Agral® (0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5%, v / v) and the vegetable oil Natur'óleo® (0.5; 5, 10, 15 and 17%, v / v), in addition to a standard syrup (water only). The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. For all concentrations, viscosity and surface tension and droplet speed generated by the XR11003 tip (280 kPa) were determined. The spectrum and velocity of drops were determined by a particle analyzer, model VisiSize Portable P15 (Oxford Lasers, Imaging Division, Oxford, U.K.). The system was programmed to determine the speed of the drops in different diameters: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 µm. Pearson's correlation was applied to verify the relationship between the speed of drops and the surface tension and viscosity. Models were also adjusted for speed data as a function of droplet size, viscosity and surface tension. The results indicate that the relationship between surface tension and viscosity of adjuvant mixtures depends on the type of adjuvant (vegetable or surfactant). Emulsions formed by vegetable oil have a positive linear relationship between concentration and viscosity and a negative relationship between concentration and surface tension. The surfactant showed no linear relationship between concentration and viscosity and showed a negative linear relationship with surface tension. The speed of droplets has a quadratic relationship with the size of droplets, regardless of the adjuvants used (vegetable oil or surfactant). Drop size relationships with viscosity and surface tension are best understood with drops larger than 100 µm.
Keywords: velocity of droplet, adjuvants, viscosity, droplet size.
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Stemmelen, Mylène, Vincent Lapinte, Jean-Pierre Habas, and Jean-Jacques Robin. "Plant oil-based epoxy resins from fatty diamines and epoxidized vegetable oil." European Polymer Journal 68 (July 2015): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.062.
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Khvatkov, Pavel, Vasiliy Taranov, Alexander Pushin, Galina Maletich, Vladislav Fedorov, Inna Chaban, Alexsey Babakov, Sergey Dolgov, and Mariya Chernobrovkina. "Genes with Cold Shock Domain from Eutrema salsugineum (Pall.) for Generating a Cold Stress Tolerance in Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.) Plants." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050827.
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The increased demand in vegetable oil for food purposes and high-protein feed for livestock and poultry encourages producers to expand the production of various oil crops, while occupying rather cold agroclimatic zones. Improved cold and frost resistance of cultivated crops would significantly increase the yield and expand the range of rape cultivation in a number of cold climate regions. Nine transgenic lines of winter rape containing genes encoding proteins with a cold shock domain (CspA и EsCSDP3) were obtained as a result of Agrobacterium transformation. In total, 260 explants were involved in transformation of rape using pBI121-CSPA-plant, with a transformation efficiency of 2.3%; among 750 explants using the pBI-EsCSDP3 construction, the efficiency was 0.4%. As a result of the studies, it was shown that the expression of the new gene Escsdp3 from the plant of Eutrema salsugineum was able to increase the cold and frost resistance of plants as effectively as the cspa gene from E. coli, which is classically used for this purpose. The cold resistance analysis of T1 transgenic plants generation revealed four cold resistant winter rape lines (three lines with the cspA-plant gene and one line with the Escsdp3 gene). The transfer of Escsdp3 and cspA-plant genes into winter rape plants led to a significant increase in frost resistance of plants. Two winter rapeseed lines were resistant to freezing (with the cspA-plant gene and with the Escsdp3 gene). Non-hardened transgenic plants remained viable after 24 h of exposure to negative temperatures up to −5 °C, and plants that passed through the hardening stage survived after freezing at −16 °C.
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Davis, Barbara D., Walter (Bud) Hunt, Gary Yoshioka, and Elisabeth Holler. "Response Plans for Animal Fat and Vegetable Oil Facilities." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-257.
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ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) requires regulations for owners or operators of certain facilities to prepare and implement response plans. In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the facility response plan (FRP) regulation for nontransportation-related facilities with oil discharges that could cause substantial harm to the environment. This regulation has been modified for facilities that handle, store, or transport animal fats and vegetable oils. EPA has found that petroleum oils and animal fats and vegetable oils share common properties and produce similar harmful environmental effects. The similarities and differences between these classes of oils were considered in development of the new rule. In comparison to U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)-regulated facilities, EPA-regulated facilities usually have far greater worst case discharges (often one or two orders of magnitude larger), a larger number of oil transfers, and greater diversity of structures and processes, which can lead to oil discharges in many ways over a range of volumes. EPA has promulgated a new methodology for calculating planning volumes for a worst case discharge of animal fats and vegetable oils. The methodology is similar to that used in the rule for petroleum oils, but the factors in the two new tables are more appropriate for estimating on-water and onshore recovery resource needs for animal fats and vegetable oils. This paper examines research findings on the properties and environmental fate of animal fats and vegetable oils and describes new response planning requirements for animal fat and vegetable oil facilities.
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Kurniawan, Heru, Asmah Indrawati, and Gusmeizal Gusmeizal. "Utilization of Liquid Palm Organic Fertilizers and M-Bio Biological Fertilizers Against Growth and Production in Okra Plants (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench)." Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ( JIPERTA) 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiperta.v1i2.84.
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Okra plant is becoming to be one of favortite vegetable in Indonesia since then the deman of this plant is growing very rapidly. The aim of this research is to Utilize Palm Oil Liquid Organic Fertilizer and M-Bio Biofertilizer Against Growth and Production in Okra Plants (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 replications. Factorial consisting of II treatment factors, Factor I treatment given P0: Without Liquid Palm Oil Organic Fertilizer, P1: Provision of PKS liquid fertilizer and Factor II, treatment of giving M-Bio. Parameters observed in this study were vegetative dan generative. The results showed that the treatment of oil palm liquid organic fertilizer had no significant effect on vegetative and generative observed parameters. The treatment of M-Bio biofertilizer significantly affected the vegetative and generative observation parameters where the best dose was treatment 6%. The treatment of the combination of liquid organic fertilizer from palm oil waste and M-Bio biological fertilizer has no significant effect on all parameters of vegetative and generative observations.
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Nkwocha, AC, IC Ekeke, FL Kamen, and PI Oghome. "Quality Assessment of Effluent Discharges from Vegetable oil Plant." Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 6, no. 6 (December 3, 2013): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v6i6.2s.
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Suo, Zhi, Lei Nie, Fanrong Xiang, and Xu Bao. "The Effect of Waste Plant Oil on the Composition and Micro-Morphological Properties of Old Asphalt Composition." Buildings 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090407.
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At present, the regeneration agent with mineral oil as the main component is widely used. However, its strong volatility, nonrenewability, and other shortcomings restrict the development of regeneration technology. In this study, waste vegetable oil was used as the main component of the regeneration agent to prepare regenerated aging asphalt. The change in microstructure of aging asphalt was explored with the change in waste vegetable oil content and regeneration time. The results showed that the addition of waste vegetable oil could effectively supplement the contents of saturates and aromatics, and inhibit the oxidation of saturates and aromatics into asphaltene and resin. When the regeneration time was 60 min and the regeneration content was 7.0%, the effect was best. The correlation between the component composition of regenerated aging asphalt and the micro-morphological characteristics was in the order of saturates, asphaltene, resin, and aromatics.
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Köseoglu, S. S., J. T. Lawhon, and E. W. Lusas. "Membrane processing of crude vegetable oils: Pilot plant scale remoyal of solvent from oil miscellas." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 67, no. 5 (May 1990): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02539682.
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Robert, Chloé, Leslie Couëdelo, Carole Knibbe, Laurence Fonseca, Charline Buisson, Elisabeth Errazuriz-Cerda, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Emmanuelle Loizon, Carole Vaysse, and Marie-Caroline Michalski. "Rapeseed Lecithin Increases Lymphatic Lipid Output and α-Linolenic Acid Bioavailability in Rats." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 11 (September 16, 2020): 2900–2911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa244.
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ABSTRACT Background Soybean lecithin, a plant-based emulsifier widely used in food, is capable of modulating postprandial lipid metabolism. With arising concerns of sustainability, alternative sources of vegetal lecithin are urgently needed, and their metabolic effects must be characterized. Objectives We evaluated the impact of increasing doses of rapeseed lecithin (RL), rich in essential α-linolenic acid (ALA), on postprandial lipid metabolism and ALA bioavailability in lymph-cannulated rats. Methods Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) undergoing a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation were intragastrically administered 1 g of an oil mixture containing 4% ALA and 0, 1, 3, 10, or 30% RL (5 groups). Lymph fractions were collected for 6 h. Lymph lipids and chylomicrons (CMs) were characterized. The expression of genes implicated in intestinal lipid metabolism was determined in the duodenum at 6 h. Data was analyzed using either sigmoidal or linear mixed-effects models, or one-way ANOVA, where appropriate. Results RL dose-dependently increased the lymphatic recovery (AUC) of total lipids (1100 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.010) and ALA (50 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.0076). RL induced a faster appearance of ALA in lymph, as evidenced by the exponential decrease of the rate of appearance of ALA with RL (R2 = 0.26; P = 0.0064). Although the number of CMs was unaffected by RL, CM diameter was increased in the 30%-RL group, compared to the control group (0% RL), by 86% at 3–4 h (P = 0.065) and by 81% at 4–6 h (P = 0.0002) following administration. This increase was positively correlated with the duodenal mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp; ρ= 0.63; P = 0.0052). The expression of Mttp and secretion-associated, ras-related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b, CM secretion), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1, beta-oxidation), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2, bioconversion of ALA into long-chain n–3 PUFAs) were, respectively, 49%, 29%, 74%, 48%, and 55% higher in the 30%-RL group vs. the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions In rats, RL enhanced lymphatic lipid output, as well as the rate of appearance of ALA, which may promote its subsequent bioavailability and metabolic fate.
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Yanda, Yusrian S. O., Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, and Supanjani Supanjani. "Growing Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) Using Elaeisponic Production System." Akta Agrosia 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.21.2.1-4.
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Elaeisponic is new introducing growing technique to produce vegetables by planting it in the frond based of oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). However, there was no previous report on vegetable production by using elaeisponic production system, including the use of foliar fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the optimum consentrations and frequency of foliar fertilization for caisim grown in elaesisponic production system. An experiment was conducted in oil palm plantation area by using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor of treatment consisted of three levels of foliar fertilizer concentration, 1 g l-1, 2 g l-1 and 3 g l-1, and the second factor was application frequency of foliar fertilizer, 7 days after transplanting (DAT), 7, 14 DAT and 7, 14, 21 DAT. Crop responses were determined on leaf greenness (SPAD index), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), leaf area (cm2) and plant dry weight. Results indicated that both concentration of foliar fertilizer and frequency of application as wells as its interaction did not significatly affect leaf greenness, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and plant dry weight of caisim plants. Further research should be addressed on optimizing the use of palm oil frond bases as growing medium for vegetable production. Keywords: Elaeisponic Production System; Brassica juncea L; Foliar Fertilizer; Frequency of Application.
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Frankova, Adela, Anna Manourova, Zora Kotikova, Katerina Vejvodova, Ondrej Drabek, Bozena Riljakova, Oldrich Famera, et al. "The Chemical Composition of Oils and Cakes of Ochna serrulata (Ochnaceae) and Other Underutilized Traditional Oil Trees from Western Zambia." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175210.
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Currently, the negative effects of unified and intensive agriculture are of growing concern. To mitigate them, the possibilities of using local but nowadays underused crop for food production should be more thoroughly investigated and promoted. The soybean is the major crop cultivated for vegetable oil production in Zambia, while the oil production from local oil-bearing plants is neglected. The chemical composition of oils and cakes of a three traditional oil plant used by descendants of the Lozi people for cooking were investigated. Parinari curatellifolia and Schinziophyton rautanenii oils were chiefly composed of α-eleostearic (28.58–55.96%), linoleic (9.78–40.18%), and oleic acid (15.26–24.07%), whereas Ochna serrulata contained mainly palmitic (35.62–37.31%), oleic (37.31–46.80%), and linoleic acid (10.61–18.66%); the oil yield was high (39–71%). S. rautanenii and O. serrulata oils were rich in γ-tocopherol (3236.18 μg/g, 361.11 μg/g, respectively). The O. serrulata oil also had a very distinctive aroma predominantly composed of p-cymene (52.26%), m-xylene (9.63%), γ-terpinene (9.07%), o-xylene (7.97), and limonene (7.23%). The cakes remaining after oil extraction are a good source of essential minerals, being rich in N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg. These plants have the potential to be introduced for use in the food, technical, or pharmaceutical industries.
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AL-Qaarawi, H. A. H., E. L. Malankina, and L. N. Kozlovskaya. "Morphological intraspecific variability of some Thymus vulgaris L. varieties in connection with their productivity." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-3-39-46.
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Relevance. Common thyme or garden thyme Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae L.) is the medicinal and aromatic plant containing essential oil which is the source of thymol and other phenol derivatives. This species is characterized by significant morphological and chemical polymorphism. Thymus vulgaris L. has numerous varieties and subspecies which are complicates for the identification of raw materials and makes its quality unstable. The study of intraspecific variability, not only by phenotype but also by biochemical parameters, is an urgent task in the search for varieties and samples of Thýmus vulgáris L. that are promising for the medical industry.Materials and methods. The research material was obtained from botanical institutions and firms in Russia, the Czech Republic and Germany and introduced on the experimental field of Vegetable Growing Department of The Russian State Agricultural University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Studies were conducted from 2014 to 2019. Sowing the seeds was carried out in the 3rd decade of March in cassettes in a winter greenhouse. Seedlings planted in the field at the end of MayField experiments were laid at the «Vegetable Experimental Station named V.I. Edelstein » in accordance with generally accepted methods of field experiments. A comprehensive comparative assessment of the studied samples was carried out according to a number of criteria, in accordance with the recommendations of the State Register of Selection Achievements and the matrix of the morphological description of plants of the Lamiaceae family developed at the Leibniz-Institut for Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK, Germany). Harvesting of raw materials and crop yield was carried out in the phase of mass flowering. Laboratory studies were carried out in the laboratories of the Vegetable Growing Department, Department of Botany, Selection and Seed Production of Garden Plants, Russian State Autonomous University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. The quantitative determination of essential oil was carried out according to the GF RF XIV. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. The possibility of growing samples of Thymus vulgaris L. of different geographical origin under the conditions of introduction in the Moscow region is shown. A comparative study of the main morphological characteristics of plant samples of Thymus vulgaris L. revealed significant variability in the form of inflorescence, leaf index, the presence or absence of pubescence, anthocyanin staining, torsion of the leaf, color of corollas and leaves, plant height, yield, quantitative content of essential oil and flavonoids. At the same time, the height of the plants was relatively stable every year and between varieties. According to a set of indicators, the most productive and stable samples was “Di Roma”, which is characterized by a high yield of aerial mass (104 g / plant), a consistently high content of essential oil (1.04-1.8%) with a predominant thymol component (39-80%), high flavonoid content (1,47-2,26%). Varieties "Medoc" and "Deutsche Winter", which at a lower yield are characterized by a high content of essential oil and flavonoids.
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Olszak, Artur, Karol Osowski, Ireneusz Musiałek, Elżbieta Rogoś, Andrzej Kęsy, and Zbigniew Kęsy. "Application of Plant Oils as Ecologically Friendly Hydraulic Fluids." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249086.
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This paper presents the results of physicochemical and tribological tests of vegetable oils obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction method from berry seeds. The research was conducted by using these oils as the raw material for the biodegradable hydraulic working fluids. The oils were assessed in terms of kinematic viscosity, anti-wear properties, resistance to oxidation and corrosive effects to copper and the pour point. The best results were achieved in the case of the blackcurrant seed oil. In order to confirm the practical possibility of using vegetable oils as working fluids for hydraulic couplings, experimental tests of the hydrodynamic clutch filled with blackcurrant seed oil were carried out. Based on the obtained research results, it was found that oils from berry plant seeds produced by supercritical extraction could be used in the future as potential working fluids for hydraulic systems.
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Vevere, Laima, Anda Fridrihsone, Mikelis Kirpluks, and Ugis Cabulis. "A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acids and Rosin Acids Use in Polymeric Materials." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112706.
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In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain. The main purpose of this review article is to identify in what kind of polymeric materials wood biomass-based fatty acids and rosin acids have been applied and their impact on the properties.
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Wajs-Bonikowska, Anna, Janusz Malarz, Łukasz Szoka, Paweł Kwiatkowski, and Anna Stojakowska. "Composition of Essential Oils from Roots and Aerial Parts of Carpesium cernuum and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071883.
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Carpesium cernuum L., one of the two Carpesium species occurring in Europe, in the Far East and India, found use as a vegetable and a traditional medicinal remedy for several ailments. In the present study, compositions of essential oils distilled from roots and shoots of C. cernuum plants, cultivated in the open field, have been studied by GC-MS-FID supported by NMR spectroscopy. The analyses led to the identification of 120 compounds in total, of which 115 were found in aerial parts and 37 in roots of the plants. The major constituents found in the oil from shoots were: α-pinene (35%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, 12%), whereas 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (55%), thymyl isobutyrate (9%) and thymol methyl ether (8%) predominated in the essential oil obtained from the roots. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils distilled from C. cernuum were also tested. The essential oil from aerial parts of the plant demonstrated good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC: 15.6 μL/mL).
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Khan, Inam Ullah, Hang Chen, Zhenhua Yan, and Jun Chen. "Extraction and Quality Evaluation of Biodiesel from Six Familiar Non-Edible Plants Seeds." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050840.
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Biodiesel produced from non-edible plant sources is cost-effective, biodegradable, environment friendly, and compatible with petro-diesel, but new sources and extraction processes still need to be discovered. Here, we explored the fuel properties of seeds from six non-edible plant sources, including Sapindus mukorossi (Soapnut, SP), Vernicia fordii (Tung, TO), Ricinus communis (Castor, CA), Toona sinensis (Juss. TS), Ailanthus altissima (Heaven tree, AA), and Linum usitatissimum L. (Lin seed, LS) from China. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained by optimizing the most important variables (reaction temperature, ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, catalyst, mixing intensity, and purity of reactants) that influence the transesterification reaction of the biodiesel. All six plants contained high seed oil content (SOC; % w/v) with the highest in the TO-54.4% followed by SP-51%, CA-48%, LS-45%, AA-38%, and TS-35%, respectively, and all expressed satisfactory physico-chemical properties as per international standards of ASTM D6751 and EN14214. Our data provide a scientific basis for growing these plants in unproductive agricultural lands as an alternative energy sources for biodiesel production either standalone or blended with petro-diesel.
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El-Alam, Imad, Raviella Zgheib, Marcello Iriti, Marc El Beyrouthy, Paul Hattouny, Anthony Verdin, Joël Fontaine, Ramez Chahine, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, and Hassane Makhlouf. "Origanum syriacum Essential Oil Chemical Polymorphism According to Soil Type." Foods 8, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8030090.
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Background: Origanum syriacum L. is an aromatic plant growing wild in Lebanon. This species is highly used in Lebanese traditional medicine and is a staple food in Lebanese gastronomy. Due to the over-harvesting, this species has become a cultivated crop rather than being collected from the wild. This study aims to evaluate the chemical polymorphism according to soil type. Methods: Plant samples were cultivated in different soil types including manure, potting mix, professional agriculture mixture, vegetable compost, nursery soils, and natural agricultural soil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. After 16 weeks of culture, fresh shoot biomass was measured. Root colonization rate was evaluated and foliar biomasses were used for essential oil (EO) extraction. EO yield was calculated and the identification of the main chemical compounds of EO samples was performed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: Our findings revealed that the soil type affects the O. syriacum chemotype. Indeed, the EO samples could be divided into two groups: thymol chemotype group including manure and vegetable compost soils and non-sterilized non-inoculated EO samples, and the thymol/carvacrol chemotype including potting mix, professional agriculture mixture, nursery mixture, sterilized non-inoculated, non-sterilized inoculated, and sterilized inoculated EO samples. These results showed that manure and vegetable compost soils promoted thymol synthesis, whereas potting mix, professional agriculture mixture, and nursery mixture soils were thymol/carvacrol chemotype. Moreover, mycorrhizal inoculation increased carvacrol and reduced thymol productions in comparison to non-inoculated conditions. Additionally, mycorrhizal inoculation showed significant enhancements in mycorrhizal rates and shoot biomass production with respect to the non-sterilized soil. Conclusions: These variations confirm the influence of the edaphic conditions on the chemical components biosynthesis pathways of oregano plants. The results of this investigation could be used for determining optimal soil type, leading to a good quality herb production.
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Ivashchuk, Oleksandr, Anna Hlukhaniuk, Yevgen Semenyshyn, Roman Chyzhovych, Tetiana Kuzminchuk, and Semen Khomyak. "Influence of Extraction Conditions on Qualitative Composition of Vegetable Oils." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.02.233.
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The influence of the production conditions for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction in the system “solid – liquid” on the qualitative composition of the obtained vegetable oils has been studied. The main chemical values (acid value, iodine value, ester value, saponification value) and optical properties (refractometric refractive index and UV-Vis spectroscopy) for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction using methylene chloride as a solvent from different plant raw materials (grade of grinding is 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mm) and mixtures of crushed grain fractions have been determined. It has been shown that the grade of grinding of the raw material affects the quality of the obtained product.
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Islam, Sanjida, Md Selim Hossain, Md Farhamdur Reza, and Md Mamunur Rashid. "Experimental Investigation of Insulating Properties of Vegetable Oil under High Voltage." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.1.1047.
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Due to concerns over the world’s energy necessity and environmental impact of mineral oil, these conditions induce many researchers to search for substitute sources for insulating oil. Alternatives insulating oil with biodegradable characteristics, environment friendly and presented in different countries including Bangladesh such as vegetable oils have been proposed for high voltage applications. In this paper, a relative measurement of breakdown voltage through experimental investigation of coconut, mustard, soybean, and palm oil and their blend (which is available in Bangladesh and cost effective) is presented. Break down voltage was measure with different electrode configuration by changing gap distance. The results show that the blend of (50% coconut oil + 50% palm oil) got high breakdown voltage in mushroom-mushroom electrode, and other side in plane-plane type pure soybean oil got high breakdown voltage, compared with transformer oil. The presented result illustrate that the proposed mixed oil provides better performance than the rise husk oil.
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Malinowska, Małgorzata. "The Full or Partial Replacement of Commercial Marine Engine Oil with Bio Oil, on the Example of Linseed Oil." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0066.
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Abstract The bio-oils are considered to sustainable, alternative and environmentally friendly source of lubricants compared to commercial engine oils, on the base a mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic. They are obtained from natural raw material (vegetable or animal oils), which are renewable and non-toxic to humans, living organisms and environment. The vegetable oils called green oils, natural oils, bio-oils or natural esters. They can be obtained from plant seeds, that may be consumed – edible oils (for instance: rapeseed oil) or which cannot be consumed – inedible (for example: linseed oil). The conducted research into linseed oil and its different quantity additives (25% and 50%) to commercial marine mineral oil intended for a medium-speed 4-stroke, trunk marine engine (i.e. Marinol RG 1240). The flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature were compared and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a high ignition temperature and very small viscosity change in the range of temperatures presented, i.e. high viscosity index. According to the results, it can be recommended the addition of 25% linseed oil in the base lubricant is the relevant for lubricating a medium speed 4-stroke marine engine. The vegetable additives can improve a viscosity index a lube oil, and they will be positively affected environmental protection.
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Kinney, A. J., E. B. Cahoon, and W. D. Hitz. "Manipulating desaturase activities in transgenic crop plants." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0301099.
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The properties of edible vegetable oils are determined to a large extent by the relative content of the triacylglycerol fatty acids. The degree of saturation of these fatty acids can determine the functional, sensory and nutritional value of the oil. One method of altering the unsaturated fatty acid content of oilseeds is by manipulating the expression of desaturase genes of these plants. Manipulating the expression of desaturase genes in transgenic crops such as soybean, maize and canola (oilseed rape) has led to oils with improved functionality and nutrition. We have also been successful in manipulating the fatty acid content of domesticated oilseed plants by expressing heterologous desaturase and desaturase-related genes from exotic plants that produce unusual fatty acids. We have discovered that metabolic regulation, the number of genetic alleles that encode fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes, and the movement of fatty acids between complex lipids in the cell, all have a role in determining the effect of a transgene on the phenotype of the crop plant and the fatty acid composition of its seed oil.