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1
Olfati, Ronak. "The Impact of Oil Revenue on the Iranian Economy." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16834.
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This study aims to identify the effects of oil income on economic growth in Iran over the period 1955-2014. The empirical literature indicates that countries with natural resources are growing more slowly than their counterparts. However, the results from this literature are far from conclusive, particularly in regard to the role played by oil-rich countries. Needless to say, this role depends on other factors as well, including the political situation in the country, the quality of institutions, and the efficacy of the financial system. Some empirical research has found that natural resources, particularly oil, can have a positive impact on the output of a country. although natural resources are not a factor of production in growth theories, studies have used different growth frameworks in order to discover whether having natural resources is a blessing or a curse. In line with recent studies, this work uses an augmented neoclassical growth model to develop a theoretical framework where oil enters the long-term output of the country through saving and investment. Overall, the results suggests that oil income has a positive impact on the level of output per capita in Iran. The findings of the econometric results are in line with the historical analysis of the study. Since different methods and proxies were used, a total of eight models were estimated. Interestingly, when PRIVY is used as an index of financial development, the result of the study changes and oil no longer has a significant impact on the economy. However, this can be translated to an inefficient allocation of credit to the private sector.
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Mouan, L. "Governing Angola's oil sector : the illusion of revenue transparency?" Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/44d3c08f-2d59-4d1a-8ffa-769aa18c7232/1.
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How has oil revenue transparency been institutionalised in the developing world, why and to what effects?And what explains the outcomes of such processes? These are the main questions this dissertation will seek to answer using as its case study Angola, Africa's second largest oil producer and a key case at the centre of global demands for oil revenue transparency in the sub-region.
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Wahba, Jackline. "Three essays on economic development, oil and labour migration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239883.
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Alkhelaiwi, Khalid S. "The impact of oil revenue fluctuations on the Saudi Arabian economy." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1590/.
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Arman, Sayyed Aziz. "Macroeconomic adjustments and oil revenue fluctuations : the case of Iran 1960-1990." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/335.
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In an oil exporting developing country the issue of how to stabilise the domestic economy from oil market volatilities has been a big concern for both scholars and policy makers during the last two decades. Modelling the behaviour of key arguments involved in the transmission mechanism of oil revenues into the domestic economy is a necessary introduction to dealing with this problem. On the specification point of view, previous empirical works in this area show little concern over a process that takes the variables back to their steady state positions. This leaves long run equilibrium values of the variables involved in this processes undefined. This thesis attempts to provide a careful analysis with empirical evidence of the issue of the macroeconomic effects of oil revenue fluctuations on key economic variables such as domestic and foreign prices, money demand equation, exchange rates and nonoil gdp growth set in a Dutch Disease framework for the Iranian economy during 1960-1990 period. The analysis, using annual data, employs modern econometric techniques (such as cointegration and error correction) to examine dynamics (short run) and static (long run) components of:these variables in connection with oil revenue fluctuations. Two modified versions of the Purchasing Power Parity and conventional money demand relationships are used to model black market exchange rate and monetary aspects of oil revenue changes, respectively. To model domestic price movements, we experiment with 2 long run equilibrium positions, inverted money demand function and reversed PPP relationship. PPP appears as a valid model of the long run black market exchange rate and domestic prices determination. We also find strong supportive evidence for conventional model of real money balances. The main conclusions are: increases in oil revenue (i) depress black market exchange rate asymmetrically; (ii) suppress domestic inflation directly and then pull it up indirectly through higher foreign inflation and a more depressed exchange rate; (iii) have a contractionary effect on non-oil real gdp growth; and (iv) change real money balances with a small elasticity.
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Nwachukwu, Ijeoma Ogechi. "Relationship Between Oil Theft, Pipeline Vandalism, and Security Costs With Revenue Losses." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4398.
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The oil and gas multinational companies (MNCs) in the Niger Delta continue to face numerous challenges operating in the region, especially concerning the loss of revenue. Based on the resource dependence theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between oil theft, pipeline vandalism, security costs, and revenue. Eighty-eight mid- to high-level managers of oil and gas completed the Factors That Affect Company Revenue instrument. The results of the multiple linear regression analyses indicated the model was able to significantly predict revenue, F(3,88) = 947,279.44, p < .001, R2 = 1.000. All 3 predictors contributed significantly to the model, with pipeline vandalism recording the highest beta value (Ã? = .553, p = .000), the oil theft predictor with the next highest beta weight (Ã? = .451, p = .000), and the security costs predictor with the next highest beta weight (Ã? = .387, p = .000). The leaders of the oil and gas MNCs could use the outcome of this study in creating strategies and policies that guide their operations in the region, which would improve the relationship with host communities and mitigate their efforts in reducing the loss of revenue. Improved relations would result in a reduction of oil theft, pipeline vandalism, and security costs, thereby reducing revenue losses. The implication of positive social change includes implementation of more corporate social responsibility strategies and improving the economy of the region and the livelihood of the host communities.
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Musawa, Idris Abubakar. "Challenges facing government revenue from the Nigerian oil industry : a system dynamics approach." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/610604.
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Extractive industries (including oil, gas and mining) generally afford an opportunity for the host government to generate the revenue to fund sustainable growth and development. It is therefore not surprising for conventional economic theory to suggest this is a readily available revenue source for resource blessed countries. However, contrary to this reasonable expectation, several of these economies were found to be suffering a financial handicap. Nigeria, despite being the largest crude oil producer in Africa and the tenth largest in the world, has so far found realising the full financial benefits of this nature’s gift unattainable. Using both qualitative and quantitative data as well as grounded theory in the analysis of the qualitative data, this research work has been carried out to develop a model of Nigerian oil industry using System Dynamics modelling methodology in order to understand these challenges. Specifically, the research develops an System Dynamics model to capture and quantify the various potential revenue streams to the Nigerian government from the oil (petroleum) industry with the objective of providing an explanatory model of the causal factors and then using the model to construct policy experiments in order to evaluate policies that may optimise these revenues. Findings show that, the development of the model for the Nigerian oil industry was successfully undertaken. The model was used to evaluate two government policy interventions that were aimed at improving government revenue from the industry. Moreover, a range of alternative scenarios which suggested increase of transparency policy, reduction of rate of gas flare and reduction of time taken for repairs of vandalised facilities were used in the model. The relevant system actors in the Nigerian oil industry were impressed with the modelling idea, particularly in its ability to represents all the economic challenges facing the industry, which offered a better understanding of the system they are dealing with. Overall, the model was able to depict some potential policy points thus serving as a decision-making tool.
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Zamani, Ali. "Oil revenue fluctuations, institutions and the stabilizer fund in Iran : an empirical investigation." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37992/.
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Prokop, Michaela Alexandra Kerstin. "Political economy of fiscal crisis in a rentier state : case study of Saudia Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1473/.
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Masan, Saleh S. S. "Oil and macroeconomic policies and performance in Oman." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23320.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between oil revenue and macroeconomic policies and performance in Oman. The thesis contains five empirical chapters along with introduction, literature review and conclusion. The first empirical chapter looks into the dynamic relationship between oil revenue, government spending and economic activities. The results indicate oil revenue has immediate and significant impact on both the country s GDP and the government expenditure. The government expenditure also has significant impact on the GDP. The second empirical chapter examines the validity of the Wagner s Law and the Keynesian hypothesis in regards to the relationship between the government spending and economic performance. The chapter uses both aggregated and disaggregated government expenditure where the data are divided into recurrent and capital investment. The findings show that there is a long run-relationship between the government spending and the GDP for the period covered. The causality analysis suggests that public investment causes economic growth, but the recurrent expenditure is insignificant. The third empirical chapter investigates the impact of government spending on economic performance where the government spending was decomposed into health, education and militaryexpenditure. The results of these components of the government expenditure and along with an index of openness have long-run relationship with GDP. The short-run coefficient on military spending is insignificant and that of health is negative and significant. However, the long-run coefficients are all positive and significant, except that of military. The fourth empirical chapter analyses the relationship between government expenditure and oil revenue in Oman. The disaggregated government expenditure of health, education and military are used for the analysis in order to see the response of each component to oil revenue changes. The results show that, although all the components responded positively to a positive oils revenue shock, it is the military component that has recorded highest response with more persistence. The fifth chapter investigates the relationship between the current account and the fiscal deficits in Oman. The chapter uses a threshold cointegration technique that is capable of capturing non-linearity and asymmetric adjustment between the series. The estimated results show that there is a long-run relationship between the current account and fiscal deficits in Oman and that adjustment between the series is asymmetric. It is found that upward adjustment is much faster than downward adjustment.
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Hill, Mark Thomas. "The British North Sea : the importance of and factors affecting tax revenue from oil production /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd336.pdf.
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Hill, Mark. "The British North Sea: The Importance Of And Factors Affecting Tax Revenue From Oil Production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4229.
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The oil industry is the richest and most influential industry in the world. The industry has moved the fates of nations. Oil is required to fight wars and exert power, and the restriction of this energy source is paramount to the restriction of movement, control, and in the end, power. Management of this resource and the tax revenue it generates are of serious strategic importance, both domestically and internationally. Understanding the results of taxation for this important commodity is important to international relations as well. The tax system affects tax revenue, government actions, oil company actions, and the oil supply itself. Each of these is important to international relations.
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Weli, Simeon Emenike. "The impact of oil revenue on Nigerian universities from 1960 to 1996 : a national development perspective /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16478.pdf.
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Owei, Daru. "The effect of decentralization and oil revenue on the size of the public sector in post independent Nigeria." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357025.
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Moosajee, Muhammad Ali. "Challenging Patronage Networks and Corruption in Iraq: A social accounting matrix analysis of citizen-based oil revenue distribution." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29484.
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Iraq is a country with exceptional natural resource wealth, but also consistent political turbulence manifested by high levels of state corruption, patronage networks, weak governance, poor institutional quality, civil unrest and sectarian conflict, all of which have undermined the sovereignty of its vast petroleum wealth and limited its potential for economic prosperity. As a mechanism for reducing the high levels of corruption and patronage networks as well as stimulating economic activity, this dissertation proposes the use of citizen-based direct distribution of oil revenues and studies the economic impacts of this policy using Social Accounting Matrix analysis. The methodology for this analysis includes testing the policy at different levels of per capita distribution, as well as with three variations in the design of the distribution programs. These variations include a universal cash transfer funded by oil revenue surpluses, a targeted cash transfer funded by oil revenue surpluses and a universal cash transfer funded by the reallocation of funding from the existing food subsidy system. The results illustrate that in each of the scenario variations, cash transfers are shown to have a significant positive impact on household incomes, producing activities and aggregate demand in the economy. The results also illustrate a net welfare gain to households when replacing the existing food subsidy system with cash transfers. In the comparison of distribution variations, targeted programs are shown to have the largest effect on the economy, primarily as lower-income households were allocated a greater proportion of income and subsequently also spend a greater proportion of their income on goods with lower leakages. Higher-income households, who are non-recipients in the targeted programs, benefit from targeted programs through the indirect/induced effects, which are largest in comparison to the other distribution variations. The results also show increased consumption on essential goods & services, primarily agricultural produce, which would ease concerns that cash transfers may generate increased consumption on non-essential/temptation goods.
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Dah, Frederick Kwasi, and Mwinibuobu Sulemana. "The contribution of oil to the economic development of Ghana : the role of foreign direct investments (FDI) and government policies." Thesis, University West, Division of Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-2605.
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Crude oil can attract a lot of investments and development into a country but when not managed well can as well cause a lot of destruction and conflict. Like fire, crude oil is a good servant but can be a bad master too depending on how it is handled. Using Dunning‟s eclectic paradigm, a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and locational attraction was established. Of the two components within the locational attraction, natural resource attracts more foreign direct investment than market size in the case of Africa. It was established through our case study of Angola that oil attracts foreign direct investment because oil is a location attraction which attracts foreign firms. These investments on the other hand contribute to the productive capacity of the receiving country thus stimulating economic development. However, the availability of natural resources (oil) and its ability to attract foreign investment does not guarantee economic development. The establishment of appropriate institutions, mechanisms and policies would ensure efficient use of oil revenue for sustained economic growth. We identified vital policy options (the Fund mechanism and spending rule) available to Ghana , with inference from Norway, which could help evade the „Dutch Disease‟. Oil production could thus attract more foreign direct investment and contribute to the economic development of Ghana only on condition that appropriate oil revenue management policies are implemented.
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FOZAN, MOHAMMED NASSER. "INTEREST-FREE LOANS USED BY THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT AS A TRANSFER MECHANISM OF OIL REVENUE TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR (SAUDI ARABIA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188183.
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Prior to 1970 the Saudi Government faced severe socioeconomic problems two of which were: (1) the contribution of the private sector to the Gross Domestic Product was low, and (2) the oil revenues were the main source of the national income. As the oil revenues rapidly increased between 1972 and 1981, the government used every means at its disposal to encourage the private sector. The goal was to diversify the sources of national income in order to decrease the dependency on oil revenues as the main source of national income. To achieve this the government has provided interest-free loans to the private sector which, along with the demand, has increased the gross domestic fixed capital formation of the private sector. The purpose of this study was to theoretically explain the phenomenal expansion of the private sector. Three models were developed from the least to the most difficult. The main principle of the models is that the expansion of the private sector is stimulated because of the low cost of capital in Saudi Arabia. Since oil revenues (the main source of government expenditures) have decreased in recent years questions have been raised concerning the ability of the private sector to support the economy. It is argued that the demand of national and international markets will increase in the future, thus allowing the private sector to expand further. Even though the cost of capital will increase, Saudi companies will be able to compete either nationally or internationally. In addition, the competitiveness of the Saudi capital market may increase which will, in turn, benefit the Saudi economy.
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Akpan, Wilson Ndarake. "Between the 'sectional' and the 'national' : oil, grassroots discontent and civic discourse in Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003082.
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This thesis examines the social character of petroleum-related grassroots struggles in Nigeria’s oil-producing region. It does this against the background of the dominant scholarly narratives that portray the struggles as: a) a disguised pursuit of an ethnic/sectional agenda, b) a 'minority rights' project, and c) a minority province’s protest against 'selective' environmental 'victimisation' by the majority ethnic nationalities. While the dominant scholarly analyses of the struggles are based on the activities of the better known activist organisations operating in the oil region, this thesis focuses primarily on the everyday 'grammar' of discontent and lived worlds of ordinary people vis-à-vis upstream petroleum operations and petroleum resource utilisation. The aim has been to gain an understanding of the forces driving community struggles in the oil region and their wider societal significance. Examined alongside the narratives of ordinary people are the legal/institutional framework for upstream petroleum operations and the operational practices of the oil-producing companies. Using primary data obtained through ethnography, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and visual sociology, as well as relevant secondary data, the researcher constructs a discourse matrix, showing how grassroots narratives in selected oilproducing communities intersect with contemporary civic discourses in the wider Nigerian context. The thesis highlights the theoretical and policy difficulties that arise when the social basis of petroleum-related grassroots struggles and ordinary people’s narratives are explained using an essentialist idiom. It reveals, above all, the conditions under which so-called 'locale-specific' struggles in a multi-ethnic, oil-rich African country can become a campaign for the emancipation of ordinary people in the wider society. This research extends the existing knowledge on citizen mobilisation, extractive capitalism, transnational corporate behaviour, and Nigeria’s contemporary development predicament. It sheds light on some of the processes through which ordinary people are forcing upon the state a change agenda that could drive the country along a more socially sensitive development and democratisation trajectory.
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Okhiria, Onosewalu, and Taofeek Saliu. "Exchange rate variation and inflation in Nigeria ( 1970 - 2007 )." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1317.
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This study examines the impact of exchange rate on inflation in Nigeria economy between 1970 and 2007. We analyzed the trend of inflation and exchange rate in the last 38 years by evaluating the relationship between government expenditure, money supply, Oil revenue, exchange rate and inflation as the dependent variables. We adopted the Augmented Dickey- Fuller to carry out the unit root test and co integration with Johansen test.
Our result shows that the individual variables are integrated order one, that is a unit root exist. This means that each variable tends to follow a random walk. On the other hand, inflation rate, exchange rate, oil revenue, government spending and money supply are co integrated. This revealed a strong relationship among the variables though inflation rate and exchange rate show no long term relationship, but short term relationship seems to exist between them.
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Yaqub, Kamaran Q. "Impact of oil revenue volatility on the real exchange rate and the structure of economy: Empirical evidence of “Dutch disease” in Iraq." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17411.
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This thesis analyses the extent to which a boom in a particular export commodity sector (i.e., oil) affects relative price of non-tradable goods against tradable goods, the real exchange rate and competitiveness in the rest of the economy: This problem has been analysed in the early stage by (Corden and Neary 1982) with the so-called ‘Dutch-disease’. As a result, booming sector (oil Sector) the country’s currency appreciates, thereby reducing the competitiveness of the country’s traditional export sector in international market. This thesis examines whether Dutch Disease is present in Iraq in the light of having not study about Dutch Disease phenomena. It evaluates the impact of growing oil revenues on non-oil sectors of the Iraqi economy. It produces some empirical evidence for the explanation non-tradable goods and contraction of tradable goods sector due to booming oil sector and appreciation real exchange rate and made tradable goods sector become uncompetitive for export. The main findings form this thesis that the Iraqi economy was subject to have the Dutch disease phenomena during the boom. Some of the indications of the disease, remarkably the increase of relative prices, the real exchange rate appreciation, contraction tradable goods sector and expansion of nontraded goods output were applicable. The study uses annual time series data sourced from home and international agencies from 1970 to 2013. Due to problem with endogeneity, the data are analysed through the use of two stages least square. Finally, the thesis discusses briefly some policy measures that will help avoid the issue of appreciation real exchange rate and changing the structure of economy out of tradable goods to non-tradable goods sector.
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Chocolate, Lucinda da Graça Braz. "Sugestões para uma boa gestão dos recursos petrolíferos de Angola face à previsibilidade do seu esgotamento e à volatilidade dos preços internacionais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3139.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusUma jazida de petróleo é um bem patrimonial que pode funcionar como catalisador da criação de riqueza, ajudando a melhorar a qualidade de vida da sua população, desde que gerido de forma adequada e prudente. Ao ser extraído, o valor deste património vai desaparecendo e, a não ser que se invista o rendimento gerado, de forma transparente, inteligente e sustentada, o país poderá ficar mais pobre no futuro. Experiências de alguns países produtores demonstram que a riqueza petrolífera, em vez de uma bênção, pode vir a transformar-se numa maldição. Avaliar se a política orçamental é equilibrada, adequada e sustentável, constitui um desafio de particular complexidade em economias muito dependentes do petróleo, requerendo que se dê particular enfoque ao saldo primário não petrolífero, bem como à sua comparação com PIB não petrolífero. Dado que o petróleo é um recurso não renovável, gerador de receitas particularmente voláteis e imprevisíveis, importa evitar que a volatilidade afecte negativamente a economia. Aforrar e investir parte das poupanças, de forma a assegurar um bom equilíbrio na distribuição intergeracional de recursos, é essencial. Queremos, com esta dissertação, apresentar algumas experiências internacionais relevantes. Para além da sugestão da criação de um Fundo Petrolífero (FP), propomos também alterações na política de subsidiação dos combustíveis e aumento gradual do nível de fiscalidade. Visamos, modestamente, contribuir para a diminuição da dependência de Angola do sector petrolífero e, principalmente, preparar o futuro da economia para a fase pós-petróleo, promovendo o desenvolvimento sustentável e aumentando o bem-estar socioeconómico das gerações actuais, sem esquecer a compensação das gerações futuras pelos recursos naturais exauridos.
An oil well is an asset that can function as a catalyst in the creation of wealth, serving to improve the quality of life of the people, so long as it is managed in a prudent and appropriate manner. As it is extracted, the value of this asset diminishes, and unless the income generated is invested in a transparent, intelligent and sustained manner the country may become poorer in the future. The experience of some oil producing countries shows that oil wealth, instead of being a blessing, may become a curse. The assessment of whether the budgetary policy is balanced, appropriate and sustainable poses a challenge of particular complexity in economies, which are highly dependent on oil. Special attention should be given to the primary non-oil balance and, especially to the relationship of this as a percentage of non-oil GDP. Given that oil is a non renewable resource which generates particularly volatile and unpredictable revenue streams, it is important to minimize the negative impact of this volatility on the economy. It is essential to save and invest part of these funds in order to assure a proper balance in the distribution of resources across generations. In this dissertation we demonstrate some relevant international experiences. Over and above the suggestion of creating an Oil Fund (OF), we propose also, alterations to the policy of fuel subsidies and a gradual increase in the level of taxation. We aim in a small way to contribute to the reduction of Angola's dependence on the oil sector and, especially, to prepare the economy for the post oil phase, promoting sustainable development and increasing the socioeconomic wellbeing of the current generation without forgetting the compensation due to future generations for the exhausted resources.
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Luhende, Boniphace. "Towards a legal framework for preventing tax revenue leakage in the upstream oil and gas industry in Tanzania: an analysis of the concepts, methods and options available in a public trusteeship model of natural resource holding." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26871.
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The recent discoveries of natural gas in Tanzania, estimated at about fifty-seven trillion cubic feet (tcf), have sparked tremendous hopes for socio-economic development in the country. While this optimism seems to be supported by conventional wisdom and economic insights, evidence from other oil-rich African countries shows that in spite of the ongoing oil and gas extraction, they are floundering in poverty, corruption and political instability. This phenomenal dichotomy between oil and gas wealth and socioeconomic development is referred to as the "resource curse". As this study demonstrates, the "curse" is partly a result of under-taxation. This study uses the resource curse study to analyze and evaluate tax-related challenges in the Tanzanian upstream oil and gas industry. In doing so, the study identifies three factors that may cause loss of potential tax revenues - referred to as "tax revenue leakage". First, the discretionary tax incentives, such as tax exemptions, lowering tax rates and special tax treatment, result in non-payment of taxes that would have otherwise been payable. Second, the International Oil Companies (IOCs) adopt a variety of techniques, such as transfer pricing, thin capitalization, corporate re-organization tax evasion and treaty shopping to exploit the loopholes or gaps in the tax laws to minimize, reduce or eliminate their tax obligations without being detected or punished. Third, corrupt Government officials willfully fail to collect taxes due, short levy taxes, grant undeserving tax incentives to the IOCs or divert revenues collected for their own account. All these factors demonstrate the close connection between under-taxation, corruption and tax avoidance. As this study argues, in the absence of counteractive measures, the Government will collect only a fraction of potential taxes, thus losing revenues required to finance development projects. The study establishes that Tanzania counteracts tax avoidance and tax evasion through anti-avoidance legislation. Tanzania also has accountability measures, which impose restraints on the exercise of public power and prevent corruption. The study concludes that although Tanzania has a competitive fiscal regime, anti-avoidance legislation and systems of accountability, the level of Government's tax revenue nevertheless depends on institutional capacity to detect, prevent and penalize tax avoidance schemes and corruption.
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Johansson, Karl, and Albin Karlsson. "Saudiarabien och Iran: Från rentierstat till senrentierstat eller predatorstat? : En komparativ fallstudie över oljeintäkternas effekter på den ekonomiska, sociala och politiska utvecklingen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176812.
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For decades, the two biggest oil producers in the Middle East have been Saudi Arabia and Iran, two autocratic states that are also rivals in the region. With time, oil revenues have lowered and public discontent has risen. Through the use of a qualitative, comparative case study, this Bachelor’s Thesis aims to examine how the economic, social and political development in these countries has been affected by the oil revenues. From the theoretical viewpoints of Rentier State Theory and Assabiyya, the study concludes that oil revenues, as a considerable source of national income, has created undiversified economies in both Saudi Arabia and Iran. This has caused demands for economic, social and political change, leading to different responses from the respective states. Saudi Arabia has begun to diversify its economy to create several sources of income. The country has also initiated to loosen up its strict religious social codes in the public sphere. This is in contrast to Iran, where the government faces significant financial deficits and has started to exploit its population to compensate for the strained public economy. Additionally, no indication of political reforms towards a more democratic system of governance is seen in any of the two states.
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Kejeh, C. I. "Oil revenues and the 'Dutch disease' in Nigeria." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5203.
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This study discusses the performance and prospects of the Nigerian economy in the wake of the oil euphoria. It produces some empirical evidence for the rapid destruction of Nigerian agriculture in the past ten years or more and it demonstrates that the plight of the Nigerian economy in general and the rural sector in particular was in part a direct consequence of the increase in oil revenue which pushed up the exchange rate and made it unprofitable to grow crops for export. It concludes that unless a radical change in government policy is effected to revive the agricultural sector, Nigeria will experience a depletion of both her oil and her agricultural resources to the extent that the economy could eventually face a food crisis like those recently experienced in Ethiopia, Sudan, Mali or Chad, and without an industrial base. The study argues that contrary to the view commonly held in Nigeria, the benefits in the medium and long term of devaluing the Nigerian currency(naira) will greatly outweigh the costs which are likely to be only temporary. We use the term "Dutch disease", as it was in the Netherlands, that the phenomenon of the adverse effects on the rest of the economy of a rise in the exchange rate, brought about by the discovery of natural gas, was first observed.
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Ribeiro, Mauricio Carlos Araújo. "May oil never ter us apart: how political institutions shape federative crises on oil revenues." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20165.
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O presente trabalho pretende investigar os impactos de instituições políticas externas ao federalismo sobre o comportamento dos países federativos produtores de petróleo, diante de uma receita inesperada de receitas relacionadas a óleo e gás. A pesquisa foi realizada através da análise comparativa dos processos históricos dos principais países federativos produtores de petróleo - Austrália, Brasil, Canadá, Índia, Malásia, México, Nigéria, Rússia, Sudão / Sudão do Sul, Estados Unidos da América e Venezuela –, utilizando abordagem metodológica qualitativa, através do método de process tracing (mapeamento de processos) e explicação histórica. Foram analisadas três características institucionais dos ambientes políticos: mecanismos críveis de negociação interfederativa, mecanismos efetivos de compensações e equalização fiscal entre as unidades federativas e as salvaguardas políticas ao federalismo, que incluem o Executivo federal, o sistema partidário e o Poder Judiciário. Seguindo os conceitos e definições fornecidos pela literatura sobre federalismo, conflitos políticos civis e federativos, questões relacionadas ao petróleo e temas afins, os processos históricos das experiências dos países federativos foram descritos e depois analisados através dos procedimentos metodológicos propostos, aplicando o quadro institucional proposto pelo pesquisador.
The present work intends to investigate the impacts of political institutions, external to federalism, on the behavior of oil-producing federative countries when facing a windfall of oil-related revenues. The research is performed through the comparative analysis of the historical processes of the major eleven oil-producing federative countries – Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, Sudan/South Sudan, United States of America and Venezuela –, using methodological qualitative approach, through process-tracing and historical explanation. Three institutional features of the political environments were analyzed: credible mechanisms of inter-federative negotiation, effective mechanisms of compensations and fiscal equalization among the federative units, and the political safeguards to federalism, comprising the federal Executive, the party system and the Judiciary. Following the concepts and definitions provided by the literature on federalism, conflicts, oil-related issues and other subjects, the historical processes of the federative countries’ experiences were described and then analyzed through the proposed methodological procedures, applying the proposed institutional framework.
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Yacoub, Lorian. "Reconstructing the governance of Iraqi oil (2003-2013) : distribution of oil revenues among Kurdistan and Iraq's provinces." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11686/.
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This thesis aims to characterise Iraqi oil governance, particularly the regional distribution of oil revenues between 2003 (the toppling of Saddam Hussein) and 2013. It explains the mechanisms which have been established to distribute oil revenues across the regions of Iraq. These revenues have been especially crucial to Iraq as it has sought to rebuild following the 2003 invasion, but throughout this period, they have also been a source of dispute between the center government, Kurdistan and other Iraqi provinces. The importance of these issues to Iraq’s economic development, and the fact that they have not yet been investigated in any other academic study (indeed, there is little literature about regional oil/gas revenue distribution generally) are what have motivated this research. In order to understand how oil revenues are distributed it is first necessary to investigate how they are collected. Accordingly, the thesis starts by characterising Iraq’s petroleum fiscal regime. This is done by calculating the discounted cash flows for the West Qurna oilfield, which is operated under a Technical Service Contract (TSC) with the central government, and then comparing these with the performance of fields operating under Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) signed by Kurdistan’s Regional Government (KRG). The thesis then goes on to characterise the regional distribution system. To do this, it draws on budget law, the draft oil and gas law, the national constitution, contracts signed with international oil companies and socio-economic data relating to Iraq’s provinces. The study also makes use of secondary sources in both Arabic and English. Finally, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the reconstruction of oil governance and the current regional distribution system, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with key players in the reconstruction process. The results show that the governance of Iraqi oil has changed in many ways since 2003, and with it the system for distributing oil revenues among regions. Both the collection and distribution systems are politically driven, with preferential treatment being given to Kurdistan to prevent it from seeking independence. Even so, Kurdistan continues to act as a devolved and independent region and to demand full control over the collection of its oil revenues (petroleum fiscal regime). It is also demanding that its share of the total budget not be reduced like that of other provinces. The result is a distribution system which, because it ignores provincial socio-economic indicators and creates inequality between Kurdistan and other Iraqi provinces, is fostering resentment in oil producing and non-oil producing provinces alike. The danger is that this inequality among provinces may widen in the future if the government does not install some sort of equalisation system. Other oil-rich provinces may even follow Kurdistan’s example and demand greater autonomy or even independence. Such a fragmented Iraq would struggle without the revenues from the oil-rich provinces.
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Abaalkhail, Faris A. "Oil revenues and strategies for economic development: the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405449.
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Wong, Judith Anne. "State revenues and democratic development : oil rents, taxation, and the need for consent." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12627.
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Why do some of the world’s countries with the most abundant natural resources, in particular oil wealth, have some of the poorest records in democracy and human development? A prominent argument in the literature on this “resource curse” is that resource rents supplant tax revenues as the fiscal foundation for the state. This rentier hypothesis suggests a relationship between rent revenues, a lack of taxation and lack of democracy, but this relationship is not clearly established or explained. In this paper I develop a model of the state in which tax revenues have a positive impact on democracy because states require widespread voluntary consent in order to effectively collect tax revenues, consent which can be achieved through democratization. I argue that rents negatively affect democracy because they substitute for tax revenues, and so eliminate the necessity of securing this consent. I use time series cross sectional quantitative analysis to examine broad patterns across states and time periods. I present evidence that a substitution effect exists, with oil rents correlated with lower tax revenues, particularly in authoritarian regimes. I examine evidence that rents require lower levels of consent than tax revenues, by testing two patterns in addition to democracy. Taxation is not only more positively correlated with democracy than are rents, but also more positively correlated with higher levels of government spending and coercion.
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Al-Roubaie, Amer S. A. "Oil revenues, capital expenditures and structural change : the case of Iraq, 1950-1980." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73972.
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Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh. "An exploration of accountability issues in managing oil and gas revenues in Ghana." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6ca461f0-fa08-454c-851f-a426d60b4f88.
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This study investigates accountability and transparency issues in the management of oil and gas (O&G) revenues in Ghana through public discourse. It establishes the factors that influence accountability and investigates how accountability is discharged amongst stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana, with respect to contemporary accountability theories. The thesis develops a contextualised analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012), and Gray et al.’s (1996) conceptualisations of accountability, in addition to other contemporary accountability concepts, mirrored through the ethical variant of stakeholder theory to classify, analyse and interpret the issues of transparency and accountability in revenue management in the O&G industry in Ghana. It uses this framework to analyse and interpret questionnaires and interviews of stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana; these include the government, civil society groups and upstream oil companies. The thesis establishes that the accountability relationships (strategic, financial, fiduciary and procedural) between accountees and accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana are hierarchical, bureaucratic and fussy, making the discharge of accountability unintelligent, ineffective and vulgate and only routinely given for cosmetic purposes. Consequently, the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana employ the positive variant of the stakeholder theory, motivated by legitimisation practices to regularise their activities, contrary to the expected ethical variant of the theory. The outcome reflects the practices of for-profit organisations such as upstream O&G companies, but conflicts with the government’s fiduciary responsibilities towards citizens and the espoused communal values of the legal and regulatory framework of the industry. Current perspectives on positive stakeholder and legitimacy theory therefore appear to explain existing stakeholder relationships and how accountability is discharged in the O&G industry in Ghana. The thesis contributes to the public accountability and transparency literature in a number of ways: First, the study presents an empirical basis to advance discourse about accountability and transparency in natural resource management in developing countries, by developing a contextualised theoretical and analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012) and Gray et al’s (1996) accountability concepts, and using the ethical stakeholder theory as a lens for interpretation. Second, it provides an empirical basis for rethinking the hierarchical managerialist approach to accountability suggested by the positive variant of the stakeholder theory and its legitimisation mechanisms between accountees and the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana, and suggests the adoption of the ethical variant of the stakeholder theory with its moral imperatives. Third, the study provides significant insight into governance issues in Sub-Saharan Africa that could inform policy formulation for the region by international bodies, including the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), by critically reviewing accountability and transparency issues in the oil sectors in Angola, Nigeria and the DRC and juxtaposing this evidence with empirical findings for Ghana. Finally, it advances understanding of the public accountability practices and transparency issues in the O&G industry in Ghana, while pointing out significant governance implications for policy-makers, civil society and advocacy groups, think-tanks, the O&G companies and academics.
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Patel, Chirag V. "Management of produced water in oil and gas operations." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1544.
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Produced water handling has been an issue of concern for oil and gas producers as it is one of the major factors that cause abandonment of the producing well. The development of effective produced water management strategies poses a big challenge to the oil and gas industry today. The conversion of produced water into irrigation or fresh water provides a cost effective tool to handle excessive amounts of the produced water. In this research we proposed on-site produced water treatment units configured to achieve maximum processing throughput. We studied various advanced separation techniques to remove oil and dissolved solids from the produced water. We selected adsorption as the oil removing technique and Reverse Osmosis (RO) as the dissolved solids removing technique as being the best for our purpose. We performed experiments to evaluate operating parameters for both adsorption and RO units to accomplish maximum removal of oil and dissolved solids from the produced water. We compared the best models fitting the experimental data for both the processes, then analyzed and simulated the performance of integrated produced water treatment which involves adsorption columns and RO units. The experimental results show that the adsorption columns remove more than 90% of the oil and RO units remove more than 95% of total dissolved solids from the produced water. The simulation results show that the proper integration and configuration of adsorption and RO units can provide up to 80% efficiency for a processing throughput of 6-8 gallons per minute of produced water. From an oil and gas producers viewpoint output from the produced water treatment system is a revenue generating source. The system is flexible and can be modified for the applications such as rangeland restoration, reservoir recharge and agricultural use.
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Castro, Marcos Daniel Gomes de [UNESP]. "Caracterização do processo de reciclagem do óleo lubrificante usado em postos de combustíveis e identificação de desafios frente à política nacional de resíduos sólidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93059.
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Segundo a Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP), o volume de óleo lubrificante comercializado no Brasil, tem contribuido para o crescimento da quantidade de resíduos descartados em postos de combustíveis, assim como outros estabelecimentos. Estes resíduos devem receber tratamento específico, conforme legislação vigente no Brasil: Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) 362/05, portarias Agencia Nacinoal do Petróleo (ANP) e a Norma Brasileira NBR 10004, que classifica o Óleo Lubrificante Usado ou Contaminado (OLUC), quanto seus aspectos de nocividade. O cenário é preocupante e envolve questões econômicas e ambientais. Á vista este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar qual o panorama atual do gerenciamento do OLUC nos postos de combustíveis e se os procedimentos adotados estão de acordo com a Nova Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, através estudo exploratório com aplicação de um questionários e visita de campo em 70 postos de combustíveis dos municípios da 7ª Região Administrativa do Estado de São Paulo: Agudos, Arealva, Avaí, Balbinos, Bauru, Boracéia, Cabrália Paulista, Duartina, Fernão, Gália, Iacanga, Lençóis Paulista, Lucianópolis, Macatuba, Paulistania, Pederneiras, Pirajuí, Piratininga, Presidente Alves, Reginópolis, e Ubirajara. Técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada e descritiva foram utilizadas para analisar para analisar as características de correlação dos municípios, além da qualificação das ações e gerencialmento do OLUC. Como principal resultado da dissertação na identificação do panorama atual do gerenciamento do OLUC destaca-se: (a) a integração dos atores da cadeia reversa do óleo lubrificante precisa ser fortalecida, aumentando, portanto a responsabilidade...
According to the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), the volume of oil lubrificant marketed in Brazil, has contributed to the growth the amount of waste disposed at gas stations, so as other establishments. These wastes should be treated specifically, according to current law in Brazil: National Policy Solid Waste (PNRS), CONAMA (National Council of the Environment) 362/05, ordinances ANP (National Petroleum Agency) and the Standard Brazilian NBR 10004, which classifies or Used Lube Oil Contaminated (OLUC), and aspects of harm. The scenario is concern and involves economic and environmental issues. To view this study aims to identify the current landscape of Management OLUC at gas stations and the procedures adopted are consistent with the New National Policy on Waste Solids. Developed a quantitative and qualitative research through study exploratory application of a questionnaire and field visits in 70 gas stations in the municipalities of the 7th Administrative Regions of Sao Paulo State: Agudos, Arealva, Avaí, Balbinos, Bauru, Boracéia, Cabrália Paulista, Duartina, Fernão, Gália, Iacanga, Lençóis Paulista, Lucianópolis, Macatuba, Paulistania, Pederneiras, Pirajuí, Piratininga, Presidente Alves, Reginópolis, e Ubirajara. Statistical techiniques of descriptive and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of correlation of municipalities and the qualification of actions to manage the OLUC. The results allow us to analyze the gas stations to adapt to managing the challenges of OLUC PNRs. The main result of the dissertation to identify the current landscape of management OLUC stand out: (a) the integration of actors in the chain reverse the lubrication oil needs to be strengthened, thereby increasig, therefore the shared responsability of those involved in the return of the waste on the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ujang, Zaini Bin. "Treatment and reclamation of heavy metals in electroplating wastewater using low pressure reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309830.
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Paris, Francisco Eugenio. "Institutional failure in Venezuela : the cases of spending oil revenues and the governance of PDVSA (1975-2005)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441293.
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Castro, Marcos Daniel Gomes de. "Caracterização do processo de reciclagem do óleo lubrificante usado em postos de combustíveis e identificação de desafios frente à política nacional de resíduos sólidos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93059.
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Orientador: Rosani de CastroBanca: Frederico Yuri Hanai
Banca: Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour
Resumo: Segundo a Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP), o volume de óleo lubrificante comercializado no Brasil, tem contribuido para o crescimento da quantidade de resíduos descartados em postos de combustíveis, assim como outros estabelecimentos. Estes resíduos devem receber tratamento específico, conforme legislação vigente no Brasil: Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) 362/05, portarias Agencia Nacinoal do Petróleo (ANP) e a Norma Brasileira NBR 10004, que classifica o Óleo Lubrificante Usado ou Contaminado (OLUC), quanto seus aspectos de nocividade. O cenário é preocupante e envolve questões econômicas e ambientais. Á vista este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar qual o panorama atual do gerenciamento do OLUC nos postos de combustíveis e se os procedimentos adotados estão de acordo com a Nova Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, através estudo exploratório com aplicação de um questionários e visita de campo em 70 postos de combustíveis dos municípios da 7ª Região Administrativa do Estado de São Paulo: Agudos, Arealva, Avaí, Balbinos, Bauru, Boracéia, Cabrália Paulista, Duartina, Fernão, Gália, Iacanga, Lençóis Paulista, Lucianópolis, Macatuba, Paulistania, Pederneiras, Pirajuí, Piratininga, Presidente Alves, Reginópolis, e Ubirajara. Técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada e descritiva foram utilizadas para analisar para analisar as características de correlação dos municípios, além da qualificação das ações e gerencialmento do OLUC. Como principal resultado da dissertação na identificação do panorama atual do gerenciamento do OLUC destaca-se: (a) a integração dos atores da cadeia reversa do óleo lubrificante precisa ser fortalecida, aumentando, portanto a responsabilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: According to the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), the volume of oil lubrificant marketed in Brazil, has contributed to the growth the amount of waste disposed at gas stations, so as other establishments. These wastes should be treated specifically, according to current law in Brazil: National Policy Solid Waste (PNRS), CONAMA (National Council of the Environment) 362/05, ordinances ANP (National Petroleum Agency) and the Standard Brazilian NBR 10004, which classifies or Used Lube Oil Contaminated (OLUC), and aspects of harm. The scenario is concern and involves economic and environmental issues. To view this study aims to identify the current landscape of Management OLUC at gas stations and the procedures adopted are consistent with the New National Policy on Waste Solids. Developed a quantitative and qualitative research through study exploratory application of a questionnaire and field visits in 70 gas stations in the municipalities of the 7th Administrative Regions of Sao Paulo State: Agudos, Arealva, Avaí, Balbinos, Bauru, Boracéia, Cabrália Paulista, Duartina, Fernão, Gália, Iacanga, Lençóis Paulista, Lucianópolis, Macatuba, Paulistania, Pederneiras, Pirajuí, Piratininga, Presidente Alves, Reginópolis, e Ubirajara. Statistical techiniques of descriptive and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of correlation of municipalities and the qualification of actions to manage the OLUC. The results allow us to analyze the gas stations to adapt to managing the challenges of OLUC PNRs. The main result of the dissertation to identify the current landscape of management OLUC stand out: (a) the integration of actors in the chain reverse the lubrication oil needs to be strengthened, thereby increasig, therefore the shared responsability of those involved in the return of the waste on the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Zarmouh, Omar Othman. "Optimal investment in an oil-based economy : theoretical and empirical study of a Ramsey-type model for Libya." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4401.
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In a developing oil-based economy like Libya the availability of finance is largely affected by the availability of oil revenues which are subjected to disturbances and shocks. Therefore, the decision to save and invest a certain ratio of the country's aggregate output is, to large extent, determined (and affected) by the shocks in the oil markets rather than the requirements of economic development. In this study an attempt is made to determine the optimal rate of saving and investment, both defined as a ratio of the aggregate output, according to the requirements of economic development. For this purpose, a neo-classical Ramsey-type model for Libya is constructed and applied to obtain theoretically and empirically the optimal saving and investment rate during the period (1965-1991). The results reveal that Libya was investing over the optimal level during the oil boom of 1970s and less than the optimal level during the oil crisis of 1980s. In addition, an econometric investigation of the determinants of actual investment by sector (agriculture, non-oil industry, and services) is carried out in order to shed lights on how possible it is for Libya to adjust actual investment towards its optimal level. It is found that, as expected, the most important factor which can be used in this respect is the oil revenues or, generally, the availability of finance. In addition, the study reveals that investment in agriculture is associated, during the period of study, with a very low marginal productivity of capital whereas marginal productivity was higher in both non-oil industry and services. Finally, the study investigates also the future potential saving and investment rates and concludes that the economy, which has already reached its steady state, can be pushed out towards further growth if the economy can be able to increase the level of per worker human capital, proxied by the secondary school enrolment as a percentage of population.
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Moya, Juan, and Johannes Östlund. "Finansmarknadens reaktioner på naturkatastrofer förorsakade av enskilda bolag : En eventstudie av katastrofen i den Mexikanska golfen 2010." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5787.
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Bakgrund: Den 20:e april 2010 inträffade en explosion på BP:s oljeplattform Deepwater Horizon i Mexikanska Golfen. Explosionen uppstod på grund av metangas som under högt tryck expanderade på plattformen och sedan antändes. Detta ledde senare till att oljeplattformen sjönk och ett stort okontrollerat oljeläckage uppstod på cirka 1500 meters djup. Att explosionen i den mexikanska golfen har påverkat BP negativt och varit mycket kostsamt för företaget är uppenbart, börskursen hade som mest sjunkit med cirka 60 procent. Det kan vara intressant att undersöka huruvida denna katastrof, utlöst av en enskild aktör, också har spridit sig över till andra aktörer i Olja & Gas sektorn. Syfte: Syftet med denna C-uppsats är att undersöka huruvida BP:s katastrof i den Mexikanska golfen har påverkat andra aktörer i samma sektor (Olja & Gas sektorn). Metod: Sekundärdata presenteras som en kvantitativ ansats i form av siffror och för att kunna dra slutsatserna använder vi oss av en deduktiv ansats.I denna studie tillämpas en metodikteknik i form av en eventstudie, där beräkningar av den abnorma och förväntade avkastningen baseras på marknadsmodellen. Vidare har två hypoteser testats, där syftet med Hypotes I är att pröva huruvida information om händelsen i den Mexikanska Golfen påverkar andra företag i samma sektor som BP. Syftet med Hypotes II är att testa samma företag under samma period som Hypotes I, men undersöker förändring i tradingvolymerna istället för i aktiekurserna. Teori: Effektiva Marknadshypotesen, Random Walk och Flockbeteende Slutsatser: Dessa båda undersökningar d.v.s. Hypotes I och Hypotes II pekar starkt på slutsatsen att eventet har haft inverkat på övriga bolag i sektorn. Vi kunde vid en jämförelse med tidigare studier som genomförts på andra katastrofer, konstatera att skeendet har både likheter och skillnader.Background: On the 20th April 2010, the BP oil platform Deepwater Horizon, situated in the Mexican Gulf, exploded. The explosion was caused by methanol gas that, under high pressure expanded and thereafter ignited. The platform submerged and caused a severe and uncontrollable oil leakage at 1500 meters depth.It is obvious that the explosion in the Mexican Gulf has impacted BP in a negative manner and cause BP large financial loss, the company shares had at its worst point depreciated by 60 percent. It may be of interest to investigate whether this catastrophe, caused by one independent party, also have affected other companies within the Oil and Gas industry. Purpose: The aim of this assignment is to investigate whether BP’s catastrophe in the Mexican Gulf has affected other companies within the same industry. (Oil and Gas) Methodology: Secondary data is presented as a quantitative approach in the shape of values and we use a deductive approach in order to draw the conclusions.The methodology used in this study is event study, in which calculation of the abnormal and expected revenue are based on the market model. We will test two types of hypothesis, where the aim of Hypothesis I is to test in which way information about the event in the Mexican Gulf affects other companies in the same industry as BP. The aim of Hypothesis II is to test the same companies during the same period as Hypothesis I, but with a focus on analyzing trading volume instead of the stock market value. Theory: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Random Walk and Herd Behavior Conclusion: Both investigations, i.e. Hypothesis I and Hypothesis II indicate that the event has had an impact on other companies in the same industry. We could, in a comparative analysis with earlier studies, based on other catastrophes, conclude that the event demonstrates similarities as well as differences.
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Al-Jeshi, Subhi. "The effect of reverse osmosis membrane microscopic structure on its performance and reverse osmosis performance in oily water." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/348.
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Alaswad, Alaa A. "DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICALLY MUTAGENIZED SOYBEAN POPULATIONS FOR IMPROVING SOYBEAN SEED OIL CONTENT AND FORWARD AND REVERSE GENETICS SCREENING." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1421.
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Soybeans are among seeds the common plant foods that contains high protein contents and high oil. The protein provides about 35 to 38 percent of the seeds calories compared to around 20 to 30 percent in other legumes and many animal products. The quality of soy protein is notable and approaches the quality of meat and milk. Unlike many other good sources of protein, soybeans are low in saturated fat and are cholesterol-free. Its proteins provide all the important amino acids, most the amounts needed by humans (NSRL, 2010). As the most consumed vegetable oil in the world, soybean oil has been used substantially in the food industry (Soystats, 2010). Its utilization is determined by its fatty acid composition, with commodity soybean oil typically 13% palmatic acid (16:0), 4% stearic acid (18:0), 20% oleic acid (18:1), 55% linoleic acid (18:2), and 8% linolenic acid (18:3). The change of fatty acid profiles to improve soybean oil quality has been a long time goal of many researchers throughout the world. Biodiesel is an up and coming trend in energy production. Breeding effort can be undertaken in order to produce a higher energy profile soybean oil. Using ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis effects on DNA, significant changes to the genes and gene network underlying the protein and oil profile can be achieved. These changes are hard to accomplish using standard breeding techniques. In addition, high amount of linolenic and stearic acid are very important for fuel and biodiesel production, but are not good for food production due to the fact that such oil is oxidized easily and the food goes rancid quickly. However, soybean oil with elevated amount of oleic acid is desirable for food, because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of soybean oil compared to other oils. In order to improve the quality of soybean oil and processed foods, chemically mutagenized soybeans have been developed in this project. Seeds harvested from individual M3 and M4 plants (from 2 successive years 2012 and 2013) were analyzed for protein content, oil composition, and content. Moreover, seven phenotypic traits including oil analysis (stearic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic and linoleic), seed protein content, weight of the seeds (High yield), seeds color, stem length, germination rates, and branch architecture were collected and analyzed in this project of soybean `Forrest' mutagenized population. The result of this research showed that there were 25 significantly different lines (p< 0.05) compare to the wild type, which is useful for developing mutants with altered oil and fatty acid compositions in soybean.
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Adam, Mohammed Amin. "Oil boom, fiscal policy and economic development : a computable general equilibrium analysis of the role of alternative fiscal rules in Ghana's emerging petroleum economy." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a96d44d7-e4cb-4eb5-9bcc-b3d2033737e9.
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The objectives of the study are to assess the fiscal sustainability and development impacts of Ghana’s fiscal rule for allocating petroleum revenues to the annual budget against alternative fiscal rules - the permanent income and the bird-in-hand rules. Fiscal sustainability is measured by government long-term fiscal space in proportion to non-oil GDP, whilst development impacts are measured through a dynamic CGE model of Ghana. Generally, the study makes four important findings on how fiscal policy triggered by the inflow of new petroleum revenues could affect the long-term fiscal sustainability and growth of the economy. One, Ghana’s fiscal rule is neither fiscally sustainable nor provide higher impacts of petroleum revenues on economic development relative to the permanent income and the bird-in-hand rules. Two, fiscal sustainability does not necessarily lead to greater development outcomes. The bird-in-hand rule is the most fiscally sustainable, but the permanent income rule provides higher development outcomes and can move Ghana’s transformation towards a full middle income status. Three, institutional quality in a country could lead to efficiency gains in government spending. Four, efficiency in government spending could improve on development outcomes. Ghana could therefore benefit from its petroleum revenues by adopting the permanent income rule; and with temporary petroleum revenues, the focus of the country should be on current investment of petroleum revenues in building the country’s asset base to support short-term and long-term growth of the economy. However, this should be complemented with strengthening the quality of institutional arrangements to enhance efficiency in government spending.
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Chae, Elle. "Painter, Painter." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35199.
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In Painter, Painter, Elle Chae explores the home as an unstable, unpredictable environment that is highly sensitive to the traces emanating from the domestic space, including its inhabitants. This body of work examines how the occupant’s interactions can blur the notion of home as a shelter. Using the creative deconstruction as a mode of generating new meanings, Chae’s conceptual juxtaposition and wide range of techniques and surface create reverie scenes that are open to and encourage freedom of interpretations.
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SHUBINSKI, ROBERT E. "Cancer de la prostate revele par une metastase intraoculaire hormonosensible : a propos d'un cas." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31044.
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Lima, Daniel Carneiro de. "Analysis of market forces and state in the formation of reverse chains of steel containers for beverages and lubricating oil in the textile industry." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3647.
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nÃo hÃThis study analyzes the market and governmental forces informing the recycling policies of companies in the beverage can industry and the textile lubricant industry in CearÃ. The two industries were chosen for a comparative study of environmental strategies due to differences in the specific environmental regulation to which they are subjected. Companies in these sectors are adopting more responsible environmental protection policies as part of their national and international competitive strategies, since consumers and investors are increasingly recognizing the relation between industrial performance and environmental quality. Likewise, regulation is grower stricter regarding accountability for environmental damage. The main stakeholder influences affecting company policy-making were analyzed qualitatively using the model of institutional pressures proposed by Delmas (2004), according to which companies respond to the demands of the market, regulation and other stakeholders in order to increase their competitive advantage. The companies were also analyzed with regard to their environmental strategies and their understanding of and reaction to external pressures in view of their history of environmental performance, competitive position and organizational structure. The findings for the two industries compared in the study were organized according the model of institutional pressures, relating adopted environmental practices to external pressures and company profile. Environmental practices were evaluated with the help of indicators reflecting the quality of environmental management and its insertion into the overall business system, including general management, human resources, purchasing department, legal department, production, operation and marketing. The market â informed by international environmental standards â was found to be the strongest influence on company recycling policies in the beverage can industry. In the case of textile lubricants, these policies were most often determined by the international market and national regulations.
O trabalho apresenta uma anÃlise das forÃas de mercados e de Estado que agem sobre a formaÃÃo das cadeias reversas das embalagens de aÃo para bebidas e do Ãleo lubrificante utilizado pela indÃstria tÃxtil. A escolha desses dois setores teve como objetivo a realizaÃÃo de um estudo comparativo da conduta ambiental e estratÃgica das empresas cearenses em um ambiente onde ocorre regulamentaÃÃo especÃfica, como à o caso do Ãleo lubrificante, e onde nÃo existe uma regulamentaÃÃo especÃfica, que caracteriza a cadeia das embalagens de aÃo para bebida. Destaca-se tambÃm o fato de as empresas desses setores adotarem a proteÃÃo ambiental como parte de suas estratÃgias competitivas nacionais e internacionais, pois, tanto os consumidores como os investidores, estÃo comeÃando a ver com maior clareza as relaÃÃes entre o desempenho comercial e a qualidade ambiental. AlÃm das exigÃncias dos clientes, ressalta-se o fato de as legislaÃÃes terem se tornado mais rigorosas quanto à responsabilidade por danos ambientais. Mediante de uma anÃlise qualitativa, foram avaliadas as principais influÃncias exercidas pelas partes interessadas, segundo o Modelo das PressÃes Institucionais, proposto por Delmas (2004). Com base neste modelo, a empresa responde Ãs exigÃncias dos mercados, da legislaÃÃo e das demais partes interessadas, com o objetivo de obter vantagem competitiva, alÃm de se averiguar o comportamento ambiental das empresas diante da posiÃÃo estratÃgica que ocupam e a maneira como essas percebem e reagem Ãs pressÃes em funÃÃo de fatores especÃficos, tais como: o histÃrico de desempenho ambiental, a posiÃÃo competitiva das empresas-matrizes e a estrutura organizacional das organizaÃÃes. As tÃxteis e as integrantes da cadeia das embalagens de aÃo para bebida no Cearà tiveram os seus resultados organizados segundo o modelo das pressÃes institucionais, que relaciona a adoÃÃo de prÃticas ambientais em relaÃÃo Ãs pressÃes sofridas e de acordo com as caracterÃsticas das empresas. Avaliou-se tambÃm a conduta ambiental mediante de um conjunto de indicadores que refletem a qualidade do gerenciamento ambiental ao longo do sistema de negÃcios, incluindo administraÃÃo geral, recursos humanos, compras, jurÃdico, produÃÃo e operaÃÃo e marketing. A pesquisa constatou que, no setor das embalagens de aÃo para bebidas, o mercado, influenciado por padrÃes internacionais de conduta ambiental, à o que exerce maior influÃncia sobre as empresas para a formaÃÃo da cadeia reversa. Jà na cadeia reversa do Ãleo lubrificante na indÃstria tÃxtil, constatou-se que os mercados internacionais e a legislaÃÃo nacional sÃo os que exercem maiores influÃncias para a formaÃÃo dessas cadeias reversas.
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Sarmento, Isabele Bringhenti. "A ingestão precoce de dieta enriquecida com óleo de peixe reverte alterações bioquímicas, hepáticas e do tecido adiposo na prole de camundongos submetidos à restrição proteica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6052.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIngestão precoce de dieta enriquecida com óleo de peixe reverte alterações bioquímicas, hepáticas e do tecido adiposo na prole de camundongos submetidos à restrição protéica. 2010. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Humana e Experimental) Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2010. Estudos relacionam obesidade na vida adulta com baixo peso ao nascer (programação metabólica). O fígado é um dos órgãos mais afetados pela programação. O óleo de peixe é rico em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGP) da família n-3: ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA). O EPA e DHA são relacionados com redução da pressão arterial sistólica e ação anti-inflamatória. Testar a hipótese que a ingestão precoce de óleo de peixe (FO) pode reverter os efeitos deletérios da programação na prole adulta de camundongos. Fêmeas grávidas foram alimentadas com ração padrão (SC) ou dieta restrita em proteínas (LP) durante a gestação e lactação. Ao desmame, os seguintes grupos foram formados (de acordo com a suplementação com FO): SC-SC e SC-FO, LP-SC e LP-FO. Foram aferidas massa corporal, ingestão e eficiência alimentar, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), insulina plasmática, glicose, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-alfa, colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT), morfometria dos adipócitos, estereologia do fígado e expressão proteínas SREBP-1c e PPAR-alfa. A prole LP apresentou maior massa corporal, hipercolesterolemia e hiperglicemia Na idade adulta, os animais restritos tornaram-se hipertensos, com esteatose hepática e elevado nível da SREBP-1c. Entretanto, a prole LP com dieta suplementada com FO ocasionou menor ganho e menor massa corporal final. A dieta FO melhorou o metabolismo lipídico, diminuiu a concentração plasmática de CT e TG, reduziu a massa adiposa e o tamanho dos adipócitos. Além disso, LP-FO mostrou níveis reduzidos da ALT, redução da esteatose hepática, baixa expressão da SREBP-1c e aumento da expressão do PPAR-alfa, além de redução da PAS e dos níveis de TNF-alfa. A dieta com FO teve efeitos benéficos revertendo as respostas da programação sobre o metabolismo da glicose e lipídios, estrutura hepática e tecido adiposo na prole adulta programada.
Studies related obesity in adult life with malnutrition in early life, called metabolic programming. The liver seems to be one of the most affected by fetal programming. Fish oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of n-3 family: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA are related with several biological reactions, like systolic blood pressure reduction and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that early fish oil (FO) intake would revert the programming responses in adult offspring. Pregnant mice were fed either standard chow (SC) or low-protein diet (LP) throughout pregnancy/lactation. At weaning, the following groups were formed (FO means supplemented with fish oil): SC-SC and SC-FO, LP-SC and LP-FO. We measured body mass, food intake, feed efficiency, blood pressure (BP), levels of plasma insulin, glucose, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We also measured adipocyte morphometry, liver stereology and expression of the SREBP-1 and PPAR-alpha proteins.The LP offspring are predisposed to becoming fat, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic. In addition, during adulthood, they become hypertensive with hepatic steatosis and had high level of SREBP-1. However, LP offspring that were fed FO-enriched diet had decreased body mass gain and lower final body mass. In addition, with FO diet, these mice have improved lipid metabolism with decrease in plasma TC and TG levels, reduced fat pad masses and adipocyte size. Furthermore, LP-FO offspring show low ALT level, reduced liver steatosis with low SREBP-1 protein expression and high PPAR-alpha expression, and improvement of BP and TNF-alpha level. Early fish oil intake has beneficial effects reversing the programming responses that control body mass, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver and adipose tissue structure in adult programmed offspring.
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Lira, Gustavo Carvalho Tapia. "Risco de financeirização das rendas petrolíferas: a renegociação da dívida do Estado do Rio de Janeiro junto à União." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9164.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-02Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study consists in analysis of the application of oil revenues in Brazil. Depart from the hypothesis that this application should be attentive to the intergenerational justice, as it is a non-renewable mineral resource and much of its use should be invested in public policy on future generations. Our analysis will focus on the capture of these rents by the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the form of royalties and special taxes which were used to pay the public debt with the Federal Government as part of the fiscal adjustment program. In our investigation, the application of these rents, justified in the interests of macroeconomic equilibrium, it can be explain by the fundamentals elements of contemporary capitalism, the financialization"
Este trabalho se propõe a estudar a aplicação das rendas do petróleo no Brasil. Partiremos da hipótese de que sua aplicação deve se ater à questão intergeracional, uma vez que se trata de um recurso mineral não renovável e boa parte de seu uso deveria ser investido em políticas públicas voltadas às gerações futuras. Nossa análise se concentrará na captação destas rendas pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sob a forma de tributos (royalties e participações especiais), que foram entregues à União a fim de saldar parte de suas dívidas negociadas no Programa de Apoio à Reestruturação e ao Ajuste Fiscal dos Estados. Em nossa interpretação, a forma de aplicação atual destas rendas, justificadas em prol de um equilíbrio financeiro e fiscal do governo federal, faz parte do movimento de financeirização da economia
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Morais, Juarez de. "LOGÍSTICA REVERSA DE ÓLEO LUBRIFICANTE USADO E CONTAMINADO - OLUC EM CONCESSIONÁRIAS DE AUTOMÓVEIS DE GOIÁS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2488.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-10This research investigated the materials contaminated by hydrocarbons in the automotive sector, specifically the used lubricating oil and grease filters. The approach applied in this research lies in the Case Study and Modeling. It starts with the assumption that the volume of such waste generated in this research may infer that the universe of vehicles with the same characteristics in Brazil should produce waste according to the same pattern in the total volume thereof. Were adopted as analysis variables the size of Brazil s current fleet of vehicles (considering cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks and buses), the frequency of exchange of lubricating oils, the average distance traveled by motor vehicles and the time they are used in construction and validation of a mathematical model that allows their evidence. The data used to test the model were obtained in three motor vehicle dealers in the State of Goiás. Our results showed a total of 675,910,124.33 liters of lubricating oil used and contaminated extracted directly from the vehicles, plus 4,006.841.98 liters of lubricating oil used and contaminated removed from the inside of used lubricants and filters that are generated annually by Brazilian vehicles. The effectiveness of the model might be better if this study contemplate other automotive segments such as agricultural machinery and motorcycles.
Trata-se de uma pesquisa investigativa a respeito dos materiais contaminados por hidrocarbonetos no setor automotivo, mais especificamente, os óleos e filtros lubrificantes usados. A abordagem aplicada nessa pesquisa se situa no Estudo de Caso e Modelagem. Parte-se da hipótese de que, o volume gerado destes resíduos na pesquisa, poderá inferir que o universo de veículos, com as mesmas características no Brasil, deva produzir resíduos de acordo com o mesmo padrão no volume total dos mesmos. Foram adotadas como variáveis de análise o tamanho da frota circulante brasileira de veículos automotores (considerando automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões e ônibus), a periodicidade da troca de óleos lubrificantes, a quilometragem média percorrida pelos veículos automotores e o tempo em que são utilizados na construção e validação de um modelo matemático que permita a sua comprovação. Os dados utilizados para testar o modelo, foram obtidos em três concessionárias de veículos automotores, localizadas no Estado de Goiás. O modelo estatístico apresentou um total de 675.910.124,33 litros de óleo lubrificante usado e contaminado, extraído diretamente dos veículos, acrescido de 4.006.841,98 litros de óleo lubrificante usado e contaminado retirado do interior dos filtros lubrificantes usados e que são gerados anualmente pelos veículos brasileiros. A eficácia do modelo poderia ser melhor se este estudo contemplasse outros segmentos automotivos como máquinas agrícolas e motocicletas.
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Guo, Qiong. "Surfactants in nonpolar oils: agents of electric charging and nanogel templates." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43622.
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This thesis studies the formation of mobile and surface-bound electric charges in nonpolar liquids. Unlike aqueous media with their natural abundance of charged species, liquids of low dielectric constant do not readily accommodate charges, but can do so in the presence of certain surfactant additives. Surfactant-mediated charging in nonpolar oils has long been exploited industrially, but the underlying charging mechanisms are far from understood. The present work seeks clarification by comparing the effect of ionic and nonionic surfactants on the conductivity of nonpolar solutions and the electrophoretically observable surface charge of suspended polymer particles. Both types of surfactant are found to generate mobile ions in solution as well as particle charge; and in the more surprising case of nonionic surfactants, the occurrence of particle charge and screening ions is confirmed independently by measurements of the electrostatic particle interaction energy. A systematic variation of the particle material and functionalization, the residual water content, and the surfactant concentration above and below the critical micelle concentration provides insights about the possible charging pathways.
Reverse surfactant micelles are explored not only as charging agents, but also as reactors and templates for the synthesis of novel nanogels with promise for drug delivery. Synthesis via copper-free Click chemistry is shown to allow for better control of the particle size than a more conventional polymerization scheme, while avoiding metal catalysts and free radicals that are considered hazardous for most biomedical applications.
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Alves, Victor Rafael Fernandes. "Aplica??o dos royalties de petr?leo e a garantia constitucional do desenvolvimento sustent?vel." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13948.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-29This paper aims to demonstrate the connection between the application of revenues from oil royalties, exhaustible, even if the long term, and the importance of attempting to the constitutional goal of ensuring the sustainable development, including proposals of regulation. It aims to clarify the constitutional goal of ensure that national development, pointing out its relationship with the right to an ecologically balanced environment, also constitutional provision, demonstrating its important role as a mandatory vector to the Brazilian government. Search the legal nature of the oil royalties and analyzes the regulatory framework of oil royalties, which included extensive legislation, sparse and controversial, a fact that hinders the work of hermeneutist. Pays attention to some international experiences about the application of oil royalties, aiming to establish parameters of other models that can be followed. Exposes the oil royalties as a revenue differentiated, because of its exhaustible character, so that, imperatively, should be used in productive investments, according to intergenerational equity and sustainable development. Proposes a special regulation for revenues from oil royalties with clear criteria for the use of resources, restrictions for its application, as well as controls and sanctions
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral demonstrar o liame existente entre a aplica??o das receitas dos royalties de petr?leo, nitidamente exaur?veis, mesmo que a longo prazo, e a import?ncia de se ater ao objetivo constitucional de garantia do desenvolvimento sustent?vel, apresentando propostas regulat?rias para o setor. Tem por prop?sitos espec?ficos explicitar o objetivo constitucional que visa garantir o desenvolvimento nacional, pontuando seu entrela?amento com o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, tamb?m de previs?o constitucional, demonstrando seu importante papel cogente como vetor do Estado Brasileiro. Busca ainda, pontuar a natureza jur?dica dos royalties de petr?leo e analisar o marco regulat?rio, o qual consta com vasta legisla??o esparsa e controvertida, fato que dificulta o trabalho do hermeneuta. Atenta ainda a algumas experi?ncias internacionais de regramentos acerca da aplica??o dos royalties de petr?leo, objetivando demonstrar par?metros de outros modelos que possam ser seguidos. Cuida ainda de expor os royalties de petr?leo como uma receita p?blica de natureza diferenciada, visto que nitidamente exaur?vel, de modo que, imperiosamente, deve ser utilizada em investimentos produtivos, obedecendo a equidade intergeracional e o desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Defende um regime regulat?rio especial para as receitas dos royalties de petr?leo com crit?rios claros de utiliza??o dos recursos, condicionamentos precisos para sua aplica??o, bem como controles e san??es direcionados
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Santos, Flávio da Costa. "Resíduos impregnados com óleo mineral isolante na CEMIG: avaliação das técnicas de compostagem fitorremediação e processo oxidativo para seu tratamento." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15967.
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This paper reports the study of soils contaminated with mineral insulating oil in order to propose remediation processes that are best suited to them. The processes of soil treatment methods involve physical, chemical and biological, and in many cases necessary combination thereof. The proper study of the effects that can be caused by the contamination of the soil above a classification comprising aspects such as adsorption desorption processes, leaching, solubilization, among others. Contaminated soils were used in the Triangulo Mineiro region, the classification being conducted following the procedures described by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), NBR 10004, NBR 10005, NBR 10006 and NBR 10007. From the obtained results it can be seen that the extent of contamination is limited to the area necessary to saturate the soil in the oil. Under the experimental conditions determined by Brazilian standards contamination is confined to this area, there are no processes and leaching significant. These results propose a great possibility that these remediation for contaminated soils can be implemented in the actual contaminated site without commitment and leaching processes that lead to environmental commitment.O presente trabalho relata o estudo de solos contaminados com óleo mineral isolante com o objetivo de propor processos de remediação que sejam mais adequados aos mesmos. Os processos de tratamento do solo englobam métodos físicos, químicos e biológicos, sendo em muitos casos necessária a combinação dos mesmos. O estudo adequado dos efeitos que podem ser desencadeados pela contaminação do solo precede de uma classificação contemplando aspectos como forma de adsorção de dessorção, processos de lixiviação, solubilização entre outros. Foram utilizados solos contaminados da região do Triângulo Mineiro, considerando a classificação realizada através dos procedimentos descritos pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), NBR 10004, NBR 10005, NBR 10006 e NBR 10007. Pelos resultados obtidos pode ser verificado que a extensão da contaminação se restringe a área necessária para saturar o solo pelo óleo. Nas condições experimentais determinadas pelas normas brasileiras, a contaminação se restringe a esta área, não havendo processos de lixiviação e solubilização significativos. Tais resultados ensejam uma grande possibilidade de que a remediação para estes solos contaminados possa ser executada no próprio local contaminado sem comprometimento de processos de lixiviação e solubilização que levem ao comprometimento ambiental.
Doutor em Geografia
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Bellal, Samir. "Essai sur la crise du régime rentier d’accumulation en Algérie : une approche en termes de régulation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22004/document.
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Par-delà son aspect morphologique, l’accumulation du capital est avant tout une dynamique sociale dans laquelle les configurations que prennent les rapports sociaux jouent un rôle clé. La présente étude a pour but de montrer que dans le contexte particulier d’une économie rentière (type pétrolier, en l’occurrence), la question de la crise du régime rentier d’accumulation peut être appréhendée de façon particulièrement féconde à travers l’analyse de la combinaison des formes institutionnelles considérées comme fondamentales par l’Ecole de la régulation. L’étude se propose, sur la base d’une périodisation des formes institutionnelles, de caractériser successivement dans un premier temps les évolutions qui se sont produites dans les configurations concrètes de chacune des formes institutionnelles qui, ensemble, constituent un mode de régulation. Dans un second temps, il s’agit d’examiner la compatibilité des régulations partielles et leur aptitude à générer et piloter un nouveau régime d’accumulation qui soit en rupture avec le régime rentier. L’étude conclut que, paradoxalement, seule l’implication du politique, et donc de l’Etat, est à même de permettre la définition d’un arrangement institutionnel favorable à l’accomplissement d’une telle ruptureBeyond its morphological aspect, the capital accumulation is above all a social dynamics in which the configurations that take the social connections play a key role. The objective of the current research study is to show that within a particular context of a rent-oriented economy (oil, in the circumstances), the accumulation issue may be understood in a productive particular way through analyses of the forms of institutional combination, which are considered as fundamental by the Regulation School. Our investigation aims, on the basis of an institutional forms periodization, to characterize successively the evolutions that occurred within concrete configurations of each institutional form, which, together, form a mode of regulation. In a second phase, we examine the compatibility of the partial regulations, and their abilities to generate and command a new accumulation system breaking with the Rent-oriented régime. Our study concludes that, paradoxically, only the politics involvement, so the government, is able to determine an institutional arrangement favorable to accomplish such a break