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1
Raifu, Isiaka Akande, and Abiodun Najeem Raheem. "Do Government Revenues Matter for Economic Growth? Evidence from Nigeria." European Journal of Government and Economics 7, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2018.7.1.4333.
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The bursting of crude oil prices in the international market since mid-2014 has resulted in dwindling oil revenue, which has led to economic recession in Nigeria. The recession has further exacerbated existing socioeconomic problems bedeviling the country. In the light of this, we examined the effect of government revenues (oil and non-oil revenues) on economic growth, both in the short-run and the long-run using autoregressive distributed lag method. Our findings show that government revenues are indispensable to economic growth in Nigeria. In addition, we found that economic growth is more responsive to oil revenue than non-oil revenue. Based on our findings, we advocate for effective and efficient use of government revenues. Furthermore, since oil revenue fluctuates more than non-oil revenue, we further advocate for creation of an enabling business environment geared towards improving the contribution of the non-oil sector to the government revenue base.
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OMODERO, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "A RELATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, OIL AND NON-OIL TAX REVENUES TO NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC EXPANSION." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1927.
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The decline in oil prices globally has led to diversification of economy in most oil enriched countries. In Nigeria, more attention is given to agriculture and non-tax revenue sources to ensure that the country overcomes a mono-economy syndrome which has affected the nation in the past. This study assesses the contributions of agriculture, oil and non-oil tax revenue to economic expansion in Nigeria using data that cover a period from 1981 to 2017. The regression results indicate that oil revenue has a significant negative impact on economic growth which is represented by gross domestic product. On the contrary, the study finds evidence that agriculture and non-oil tax revenue have a robust significant and positive influence on economic growth. Therefore, the study suggests that tax administration in Nigeria should be more business-growth conscious and that agriculture should be given a boost by creating an enabling environment that could attract foreign direct investments in the agricultural sector. The study also recommends that oil revenues should be utilized for reinvestments into other sectors of the economy. Keywords: Oil revenue, non-oil tax revenue, agriculture, economic growth, Nigeria.JEL Classifications: H27, H24, H25, N5, O4
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Gadom, Gadom Djal, Armand Mboutchouang Kountchou, and Abdelkrim Araar. "The impact of oil revenues on wellbeing in Chad." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 5 (July 25, 2018): 591–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x18000281.
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AbstractThis paper uses two recent household surveys, together with data from the College for Control and Monitoring of Oil Revenues, to analyse the impact of oil revenues on wellbeing in Chad. Following a multiple-correspondence analysis to estimate a synthetic household-based multidimensional wellbeing (MDW) index, we used the difference-in-difference approach to assess the impact of oil revenues on average MDW at the department level. We found evidence that departments in Chad that received significant oil transfers have a higher MDW compared to those disadvantaged by the oil-revenue-redistribution policy. We conclude that, in order to promote economic inclusion, the government of Chad should better develop oil-revenue-redistribution policies according to local development needs and target the poorest departments.
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Akinkunmi, Mustapha A. "Dynamic Analysis of Structural Shifts of Fiscal Revenue in Nigeria, 1999-2016." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n11p96.
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The oil sector that eased the financial constraint of Nigerian government in the 1970s is presently acting as the source of financial constraints to the country due to a continuous decline in government revenue, arising from the recent drastic fall in world crude oil prices. This calls for the government to diversify its revenue base through improving taxation. This study examined the influence of economic performance on the government revenue as well as the various sources of tax revenues in Nigeria. Monthly data spanning 1999 to 2016 were utilized to estimate vector error correction models (VECM) for five sources of government tax revenues based on data availability. Empirical results revealed that there is a significant relationship between real GDP and real company income tax revenues, and between real GDP and real excise duty revenues in the long run. However, in the short run, the one-year lag of tax revenue varieties poses a significant influence on the various sources of tax revenues.
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Morrison, Kevin M. "Oil, Nontax Revenue, and the Redistributional Foundations of Regime Stability." International Organization 63, no. 1 (January 2009): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818309090043.
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AbstractNontax revenues make up a substantial amount of government revenue around the world, though scholars usually focus on individual sources of such revenue (for example, foreign aid and state-owned oil companies). Using a theory of regime change that builds on recent models of the redistributional foundations of dictatorships and democracies, I generate hypotheses regarding all nontax revenue and regime stability. I argue that an increase in nontax revenue should be associated with less taxation of elites in democracies, more social spending in dictatorships, and more stability for both regime types. I find support for all three of these hypotheses in a cross-sectional time-series analysis, covering all countries and years for which the necessary data are available. Significantly, I show that the particular source of nontax revenue does not make a difference: they all act similarly with regard to regime stability and the causal mechanisms.
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de la Cuesta, Brandon, Helen V. Milner, Daniel L. Nielson, and Stephen F. Knack. "Oil and aid revenue produce equal demands for accountability as taxes in Ghana and Uganda." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (August 21, 2019): 17717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903134116.
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Received wisdom argues that citizens more readily demand accountability from government for taxes than for nontax revenue from oil or foreign aid, giving rise to an important mechanism underlying the “resource curse,” which posits that nontax revenue causes citizen quiescence and hampers government accountability. However, in developing countries, obfuscation through value-added taxes and strong popular feelings of ownership over all revenues may minimize differences across revenue sources. Identical experiments on representative samples of Ghanaians and Ugandans, and similar experiments on members of parliament, probe the effects of different sources and delivery channels of government revenues on citizens’ actions to monitor governments and members of parliament (MPs’) beliefs about accountability pressures. Roughly half of all citizens take action to monitor all 3 sources. However, neither Ghanaians nor Ugandans demand more accountability for taxes than oil or aid when the revenues go to the government. MPs likewise saw no difference. Citizens do differentiate between aid money given to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) compared with revenues delivered to the government. Findings are robust to numerous alternatives and subgroups. Against strong expectations from prior research, little evidence exists showing that taxes strengthen citizens’ demands for accountability or that MPs perceive differences across revenue sources in these 2 representative African countries. However, aid channeled through NGOs motivates more accountability pressures.
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Pinckney, Jonathan. "Curving the resource curse: Negative effects of oil and gas revenue on nonviolent resistance campaign onset." Research & Politics 7, no. 2 (April 2020): 205316802093689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168020936890.
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There is growing consensus that large oil and gas revenues in autocracies have multiple pernicious effects, from decreasing democratization to increasing armed conflict: the so-called “resource curse.” Yet we know little about the effects of oil and gas revenue on the onset of major nonviolent dissent. The logic of the resource curse would lead us to expect oil and gas revenue to significantly decrease the likelihood of nonviolent resistance, as resource wealth enables autocracies to increase repressive capacity and co-opt potential challengers. But this relationship has yet to be comprehensively tested. I show that such an effect obtains, but is more complex than previously theorized. Low levels of oil and gas revenue increase the likelihood of nonviolent resistance onset, while high levels decrease it. Despite popular assumptions and the general logic of the resource curse, oil only appears to drown out major nonviolent dissent at relatively high levels.
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Berlinschi, Ruxanda, and Julien Daubanes. "Foreign aid and oil taxes: helping the poor in oil-rich countries." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000022.
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AbstractThis paper proposes a theoretical analysis of the joint impact of foreign aid and oil taxes on the revenues of a rich oil importing country (North) and a two-class, oil exporting country (South). Without coordination, oil taxes are strictly higher in the North and the global allocation of oil is inefficient. Moreover, oil taxes in the North extract some of the South's oil rents, undoing the revenue transfers from foreign aid. We show that a policy coordination mechanism reduces inefficiencies and improves global welfare.
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Hassan Kheiravar, Mohammad, Davood Danesh Jafari, Hamid Nazeman, and Javid Bahrami. "Oil Revenues and Macroeconomic Instability in Oil-Exporting Countries: A GMM Approach." REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas 8, no. 15 (July 7, 2020): 380–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v8i15.9976.
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In most of oil exporting countries, oil revenue is considered as one of the main drivers of the economy. These revenues, as the important source of currency, at least, enables the country import various capital goods, intermediaries and consumables and usually covers part of the government's current and development expenditures. However, oil revenues are volatile and uncertain due to the changing nature of the global oil price. This indicate that a significant part of the economy in these countries is exposed to potential instability which is supposed as an anti-growth factor. The present study seeks to examine the effect of oil revenues on inflation and real exchange rate as dominant proxies of macroeconomic stability along with economic growth in oil exporting countries using the GMM method during the 1980 to 2015 period. The results show that oil revenues have different effects on these indicators in selected countries.
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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, and Shaldon Leparan Suntu. "An overview of the oil and natural gas revenue management in Tanzania. A mini review." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 3 (May 13, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i3.172.
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Management of oil and gas resources or revenues from trans-boundary or disputes areas has always been an issue of controversy in most oil and gas resource-rich countries. Tanzania is among the developing countries which rise with rich in oil and gas resources. It requires more attention on how the revenues generated from these resources should be utilized sustainably. This paper, therefore, provides the current overview of the tools and institutions that offer the guidelines on oil and gas revenue management and distribution.
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Umeokwobi, Richard, and Emeka Nkoro. "Tax revenue and private domestic investment." Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brfb.v1i2.137.
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This paper investigated the impact of tax revenue on private domestic investment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018 using the modified ordinary least squares- Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The paper used oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) as the independent variables while Private Domestic Investment (PDI) is the dependent variable. Oil revenue and non-oil revenue were used as a proxy for oil and non-oil tax. These data were obtained from secondary sources- central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank database and Federal Inland Revenue service statistical bulletin. The result showed that a long-run relationship exists between the aforementioned variables. Also, the paper revealed that oil and non-oil do not have a significant impact on PDI but CIT has a positive and significant impact on PDI. The paper recommends that proper measures/reforms should be put in place in order to reduce the impact of tax on private domestic investment in Nigeria.
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Lawler, K., and F. Ali Al-Sayegh. "Potential Tax Reforms and Kuwait Economic Growth." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 202 (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2019/202-1/6.
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The objective of this study is to identify whether tax reforms are viable in Kuwait in order to create more government income from sources other than oil. The study examines the relationship between the changes in tax revenues, changes in oil revenue and changes in GDP in Kuwait using time series data from 1998 to 2015. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) is used to check for the existence of a unit root. The cointegration test is applied to test for long term relationships between variables using the General Least Square (GLS) method of estimation. The results of the tests find that the impact of changes in tax revenues on changes in the GDP of Kuwait is insignificant. Therefore, Kuwait’s government could rationally implement tax reforms to have incremental sources of income other than oil revenue. Moreover, it is argued that the government might consider implementing broad based consumption taxes and value added taxes into the tax structure Kuwait, and to invest the revenues from those taxes in productive policies, to induce long term economic growth.
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Yasmin, Tahira, Ghaleb A. El Refae, and Shorouq Eletter. "Oil price and urgency towards economic diversification through effective reforms and policies in Caspian Basin." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i3.326.
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This paper highlights that oil price fluctuations cast negative impact on oil exporting economies of Caspian Basin namely as; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia. These resource abundant economies faced revenue contraction and dwindling budget expenditures due to oil price change. To justify underlined reasons, current study examined export and economic diversification analysis for all three economies. It can be concluded that these countries unable to achieve economic diversification due to over dependence on oil revenues. Most of the export oriented sectors consists of minerals, oil and gas by neglecting the more sustainable growth of non-resource tradable sectors. As a result, these countries have huge share in exports mainly as natural resources. In terms of economic diversification which is based on sectoral value added also indicates that these countries are showing some signs of diversity but still there is need to have structural reforms and policy instruments to diversify their revenue stream.
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Okon, Ebi Bassey, and Nyong Saviour Okon. "Sources of State Revenue and State Effectiveness: The Nigerian Experience." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n1p111.
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Ineffectiveness of states has been linked to poor fiscal-social contract between states and her citizens which is a consequence of how states raise her revenues. Hence, this paper examines the relative impacts of earned and unearned revenues on different measures of state effectiveness in terms of provision of basic public goods and development of economic and political institutions in Nigeria over the period 1996 to 2018, using Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The paper found that, on one hand, an increase in earned revenue instigates improvement in provision of health care, while increase in unearned revenue had no significant impact on provision of health. On the other hand, a one-percent (1%) increase in earned revenue had a greater impact on educational enrollment than a 1% increase in unearned revenue. Increase in earned revenue increases state effectiveness while increase in unearned revenue reduces state effectiveness. The paper concludes that, the effectiveness of Nigerian government in provision of basic public goods and development of strong economic and political institutions might improve if government increases their financial resources through taxes than increase in oil revenue.
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Madugba, Joseph Ugochukwu, Michael Chidiebere Ekwe, and Stella Ogechukwu Okezie. "Evaluation of the Contribution of Oil Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n6p210.
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The study evaluation of the contributions of oil revenue on economic development in Nigeria tested the impact of growth rate in oil revenue and growth rate in Gross Domestic product and growth rate in total federally collected revenue of the Government from 1991 to 2012. Regression analysis was used to carry out data analysis with the aid of SPSS version 20. Results showed that a unit change in growth rate of oil revenue will lead to an equal unit change in growth rate of gross domestic product. The study recommends that federal government should intensify efforts to increase revenue derived from oil especially as it impacts on GDP and federally collected revenue.
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Dağ, Mehmet, Semih Serkant Aktuğ, and Zavar Salah Ali Alı. "Evaluation of Relationship between Oil Revenues and Government Budget in Iraq: 2006-2016 Period." EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 9, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2019.164.
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oil revenues and government budget in Iraq for 2006-2016. The study found that, Iraq’s oil production curve in recent years has remarkably specified the positions, even if not mainly at the levels estimated earlier, as more positive forecasts. Iraq has developed to be the world’s fourth-largest oil exporter. This study confirmed that, the critical element for Iraq’s economy is that, the country depends on oil and 97% of the government revenues are from its oil exports. While challenges continue to achieve the aims of increased oil production, opportunity for Iraq’s resources to produce revenue and pay for broad-based economic development still exists.
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Al Rasasi, Moayad H., John H. Qualls, and Bander K. Algamdi. "Oil Revenues and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 53 (March 10, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.53.49.55.
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This paper examines the relationship between Saudi oil revenues and the Kingdom’s economic growth over the past 47 years. In analyzing the data that are needed for this analysis, problems were encountered with the basic real GDP and government oil revenue data that are typically used. The most widely-used measure of non-oil private sector activity that is available, the Non-Oil Private Institutional Sector GDP, does not include the Gross Value Added of all of the private activities, omitting over SAR 80 billion of real activity (in 2010 prices). A new series was constructed, consisting of all of the non-oil private activities, including the recently corporatized/privatized companies. In addition, the oil revenue data prior to 1987 were found to be unsatisfactory for use as published, due to their being based on the 354-355 day Hijra calendar. A new conversion methodology, based on a recently published paper by Qualls et al. (2017), was applied, and the pre-1987 data were converted to a consistent Gregorian basis with good results. The two series were determined to have a unit root of order one, with a highly significant long-run relationship. An error-correction model was then estimated, and highly significant short- and long-run relationships were found. A Ganger Causality test was performed, with the results confirming the ECM’s results, with real government oil revenue growth “Granger-causing” real private-sector GDP growth. Finally, the new non-oil activity GDP measure produced better results than did the traditionally-used Non-Oil Private Sector GDP.
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Iheduru, Ngozi G., and Obioma O. Ajaero. "Tax Identification Number and Non-Oiuta Revenue: A Comparative Analysis of Pre and Post Tin Advanced Taxation Management (ACC 921)." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 3, no. 1 (October 11, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v3i1.30.
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Non-oil tax revenue constitutes an integral part of the total revenue of Nigeria. It is expected that the introduction of the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) will have a significant effect on total non oil tax revenue since more companies would be captured by the tax net. This paper therefore set out to empirically investigate the effect of TIN on non oil tax revenue through a comparative analysis of pre and post TIN years of 2000 to 2015. Data was collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study employed both descriptive and pairwise t-test statistical techniques for analyses with total non-oil tax revenue as the dependent variable while CIT, VAT and TET were the independent variables. Findings showed that there has been a significant increase in total non-oil tax revenue with the introduction of TIN. Also, revenue generated from CIT and TET after the implementation of TIN improved significantly. VAT revenue however, did not improve after the implementation of TIN. Recommendations include that the VAT base needs to be enlarged through electronic capture of all VATable persons.
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Van Gyampo, Ransford Edward. "Transparency and Accountability in the Management of Oil Revenues in Ghana." Africa Spectrum 51, no. 2 (August 2016): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971605100205.
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This paper undertakes a five-year review of the management of oil revenues in Ghana since the commencement of oil production in 2010. Using reports from the Petroleum Transparency and Accountability Index, official records from key state agencies, and interviews with core individuals within the petroleum sector, the paper assesses the quality of transparency and accountability in the management of Ghana's oil revenue. It argues that even though some progress has been made in the transparent and accountable use of oil revenues, more can be achieved if certain critical bills are passed and proactive interventions pursued without further delay on the part of government and policymakers within Ghana's petroleum sector. These would help prevent both potential social conflict that may result from a lack of information on how oil revenues are utilised and the corrupt use of oil funds by politicians and people in authority within the oil industry.
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Larionova, E. I., T. I. Chinaeva, and E. P. Shpakovskaya. "Analysis of the development of Oil and Gas Industry in present conditions." Statistics and Economics 16, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-6-29-36.
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Purpose of the study. This study examines the state of companies of oil sector based on the analysis of dynamics and relationship between basic financial indicators, characterizing the activities of oil companies; it identifies factors affecting the companies’ efficiency, such as return on sales (ROS) and productivity. The work is based on dynamic, structural, correlation analysis of analytical and statistical information on processes occurring in this area of economic activity.Materials and methods. Statistical data and analytical information on oil sector companies serve as the information base of this study. Statistical methods of information analysis (comparative analysis, analysis of time series, correlation, and regression analysis) represent the methodological base of research.Results. The authors analyzed the development trends of the global and Russian oil and gas sectors. The last two decades have been marked by changes in the global oil market that were caused by fluctuations in the price of oil and oil products and with the rise and fall in the price of Brent crude oil per barrel.The paper considers dynamics of financial indicators of Russian oil companies. An analysis of the data on the revenue of the largest Russian companies in ruble and dollar terms over the last 10 years has revealed a significant difference in the dynamics of these indicators. The authors performed ROS and oil price profitability correlation as well as correlation between the price of oil, the exchange rate and the profitability of oil companies.Conclusion. The oil and gas industry is an essential sector of the economy that heavily promotes to the socio-economic development of our country. Revenues of the oil and gas sector contribute to the Russian GDP and are a major component of the budget. There are two ways to calculate revenue of oil companies – in ruble (dollar terms) and impact of RUB/USD exchange rate. The sharp changes in the exchange rate of the last decade have advanced significant changes in the revenue of Russian oil companies.In this study, the total revenue (in dollar terms) was calculated as the ratio of revenue in rubles to the average annual exchange rate of the corresponding period. In general, the disastrous results of 2015 and 2016 led to a decrease in the average growth rates of dollar and ruble revenue, as well as profit and profitability.The authors performed a correlation analysis of return on sales and oil prices, which revealed an almost total absence of correlation between these indicators. Oil prices and exchange rates have a negligible effect on the profitability of oil companies. An inverse correlation is observed between the RUB/USD pair and the oil price per barrel. It is concluded that the cost of oil and the exchange rate have little effect on the profitability of oil companies.Since the oil and gas complex makes a very significant contribution to the development of the country’s economy, it is advisable to analyze its development trends on a regular basis. Based on the results of the economic and statistical analysis of financial indicators, it is possible to identify the main development directions of the oil and gas industry, evaluate positive and negative processes, and determine further prospects.
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Odorige, Catherine Enoredia. "E-Governance and the Nigerian tax administrative system." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 325 (March 1, 2018): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v325.27.
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Nigeria like most countries who were ‘unfortunate’ to have rich deposits of natural resources has been ‘battered’ greatly by the economic paradox known as resource curse. Dependence on oil exploration and export meant that politics was played with taxation which remains the oldest and most recognized form of generating revenues for the provision of infrastructures and smooth running of the state. The global fall in crude oil prices, high rates of unemployment and agitations from the population for improved service delivery, has awakened the government to the fact that the days of treating tax revenue collection as favour to political faithful are over. This paper takes a look at the application of information technology efforts by the Nigerian government towards reinforcing revenue generation. It will analyze how the present use of information technology in Tax administrative system has helped to check hitherto exploited loopholes of the revenue administration and to make recommendations towards improvements.
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Qwader, Amjad. "Impact of Oil Price Changes on Certain Budget Variables, Government and Tax Revenues, External Grants, and Government Expenditures in Jordan." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 7 (June 14, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n7p150.
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This study evaluated the impact of oil price changes on certain budget variables in Jordan over the period of 1992 to 2015. Time series data were analyzed using econometric techniques that included ordinary least squares. Findings from the analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation for oil price on government and tax revenues, external grants, and government expenditures, whereas oil price on budget deficits had a statistically significant negative correlation. Therefore, the study proposes that the government of Jordan directly invests its oil tax revenues in economic sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, to broaden the sources of revenue, as well as exploit such revenues to establish alternative energy projects, whether from the sun, wind, or both. In addition, the establishment of such projects is suitable for the conditions of the Jordanian environment.
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Paine, Jack. "Rethinking the Conflict “Resource Curse”: How Oil Wealth Prevents Center-Seeking Civil Wars." International Organization 70, no. 4 (2016): 727–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818316000205.
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AbstractA broad literature on how oil wealth affects civil war onset argues that oil production engenders violent contests to capture a valuable prize from vulnerable governments. By contrast, research linking oil wealth to durable authoritarian regimes argues that oil-rich governments deter societal challenges by strategically allocating enormous revenues to enhance military capacity and to provide patronage. This article presents a unified formal model that evaluates how these competing mechanisms affect overall incentives for center-seeking civil wars. The model yields two key implications. First, large oil-generated revenues strengthen the government and exert an overall effect that decreases center-seeking civil war propensity. Second, oil revenues are less effective at preventing center-seeking civil war relative to other revenue sources, which distinguishes overall and relative effects. Revised statistical results test overall rather than relative effects by omitting the conventional but posttreatment covariate of income per capita, and demonstrate a consistent negative association between oil wealth and center-seeking civil war onset.
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Yanita, Mirawati, Ernawati HD, and Napitupulu Dompak. "Studi Struktur Biaya dan Penerimaan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Pasca Peremajaan Di Kecamatan Sungai Bahar Kabupaten Muaro Jambi." Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto 22, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/agritech.v22i2.8575.
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Palm oil development provides benefits in increasing the income of smallholders and communities, where palm oil production becomes the raw material of the processing industry that creates added value in the country. However, the cost and revenue of palm oil farming is a consideration of smallholders in the implementation of replanting. This research aims to: (1) describe the oil palm farming in Sungai Bahar Sub-District of Muaro Jambi Regency (2) Analyze the cost structure and revenue of smallholder oil palm in Sungai Bahar Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency. The scope of this research area is Suka Makmur Village, Marga Mulya Village, Mekar Sari Village, Sungai Bahar District Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted by a descriptive and quantitative method using an analysis of the cost structure and revenue of oil palm smallholders. The results showed a replanting palm oil farm area of 2.13 hectares with palm oil of 7 to 8 years and production of 18,170 Kg/Ha/year. The cost incurred is Rp 25,647,303/Ha/year, and the revenue amounts to Rp. 33,527,655/Ha/Year. In the future, although there is still a positive difference between the revenue and cost of farming after the replanting, smallholders are suggested better to optimize the resources as an alternative to increasing revenue to meet the needs.
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Clausen, Fabian, and Amir Attaran. "The Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project--Assessing the World Bank's Failed Experiment to Direct Oil Revenues towards the Poor." Law and Development Review 4, no. 1 (August 5, 2011): 32–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1099.
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The World Bank's engagement with projects involving extractive industries has not proven particularly successful. Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, it has actually often made matters worse. Borrower countries' economies failed to grow, and corruption increased; the poor did not benefit from the revenues that were generated. This paper assesses the complex legal and institutional framework of the World Bank project that many hoped would change this bleak record: in the highly publicized and controversial Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project, the Bank catalyzed the largest private investment in the history of Sub-Saharan Africa. This model project featured new and untested contractual, statutory, institutional and fiscal mechanisms which were intended to make Chad's oil revenues transparent and compel the Government of Chad—one of the world's poorest—to expend its oil revenues on areas consistent with the project's agreed poverty reduction objective, such as education and health. Despite these heroic measures, in 2008 the revenue allocation program collapsed, and the Bank's projects in Chad terminated prematurely. Not for the first time, the government of Chad had unilaterally altered the underlying laws to enable more security and military spending. Yet again, the poor had not profited from the oil revenues. We analyse in this paper whether the Bank's failure in the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project was due to specific errors in the framework of contracts, laws and institutional structures the Bank deployed—errors which could, in theory, be taken as lessons for a future project making use of an improved revenue allocation system—or whether generally the Bank's entire concept of contractually imposing a revenue allocation system is flawed, such that any attempt to revive such a system on another occasion is misguided and futile.
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Adesola, Ogunmakin Adeduro, and Dada Raphael Adek . "Impact of oil Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria [1981–2012]." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.807.
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In enhancing proper and adequate economic development in Nigeria, there is a need to manage macroeconomic stability and pro-cyclical government expenditure pattern by improving non oil growth performance. It was based on this premise that, this study sought to examine the economic development and oil revenue in Nigeria. In doing this, regression analysis was carried out using SPSS. The result revealed the overdependence of Nigeria economy on oil revenue. Thus, this paper recommends policies and functional institutions to checkmate the poor transparency in the management of oil revenue that robbed the people of their potential benefits and economy diversification that will lead to improvement in revenue generation via other sources in the economy.
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Aliyev, Khatai, Bruce Dehning, and Orkhan Nadirov. "Modelling the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Non‑Oil Gdp in a Resource Rich Country: Evidence from Azerbaijan." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 1869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664061869.
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This paper analyses the impact of public expenditures and tax revenues on non‑oil economic growth in Azerbaijan for the period of 2000Q1‑2015Q2 by employing OLS, ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS, CCR and Granger Causality techniques. Different cointegration methods result in consistent results. In this study, there is strong evidence of significant long‑run positive contributions from public expenditures to non‑oil sector output. Results also show that tax revenues significantly slow down non‑oil economic growth in the long run. Granger Causality analysis finds the existence of a bidirectional short‑run association between non‑oil GDP and public expenditures, while tax revenues Granger Cause both variables. The research findings should be useful for Azerbaijan fiscal policy makers to consider now and in the future. Current plans in Azerbaijan for both public expenditure cuts and tax revenue increases are likely to cause contraction in the Azerbaijan’s non‑oil sector GDP.
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Eder, L., and I. Filimonova. "The Financial Significance of the Oil and Gas Sector for the Russian Economy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2012): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-10-76-91.
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The article describes the complex of economic and financial indicators reflecting the results of Russia’s oil and gas industry in 2011. Price environment of the major energy resources with regard to their realization at the domestic and international markets is analyzed. Main indicators of economic performance of the oil and gas industry (revenue, profit, profitability) are reviewed with differentiation by companies. The authors consider the tax burden for the oil and gas companies; show their role in forming federal budget revenues. The paper presents the analysis of specialized funds and reserves that are formed at the expense of oil and gas industry sources; examines Russia’s balance of payments as well as revenues generated by oil and gas exports. The stock market structure of Russia and the world is described with consideration of particular oil and gas companies.
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Russell, A., and R. A. Dawe. "How the Oil Revenue is Shared." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 8, no. 4 (October 2, 2013): 346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567240903514995.
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Afangideh, Udoma Johnson, Augustine Ujunwa, and Angela Ifeanyi Ukemenam. "Oil prices, armed conflict and government revenue in Nigeria." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 5 (November 29, 2018): 1196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-04-2017-0118.
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Purpose Persistent wave of armed conflicts – militancy and terrorism – and the mono-cultural structure of the Nigerian economy, as well as extensive reliance on revenue from crude oil, highlights how external vulnerabilities, weakening internal structure and insecurity could significantly exacerbate public revenue loss. Understanding the nature, trend and impact of these factors on government revenue is one of the questions that still remain unsolved. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of global oil prices, militancy and terrorism on government revenue in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study focusses on the state-failure and frustration-aggression hypotheses to explain the nature and trend of armed conflicts in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to examine the effect of global oil prices, militancy and terrorism on government revenue. Findings The study reveals that crude oil price, terrorism and militancy have significant negative effect on government revenue in short- and long-run Nigeria. Evidence from the study therefore supports the theory that macroeconomic fluctuation is largely determined by endogenous and exogenous factors in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications In view of this review, future studies should empirically analyse the interactive impact of militancy, terrorism and global oil prices on government expenditure or a combination of government revenue and expenditure. Originality/value The study provides evidence on the role of internal and external factors on macroeconomic fluctuation, and recommended appropriate suite of policies that could mitigate external and internal vulnerabilities, especially during upsurge in armed conflicts.
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Pegg, Scott. "Oil to cash in Somaliland: a debate whose time has come." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 4 (November 26, 2018): 619–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000575.
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AbstractSomaliland might start producing oil in 2019. Yet, it has done little to prepare for the arrival of oil revenues which could exceed its current annual budget. Although Somaliland has been largely peaceful for two decades and recently inaugurated its fifth president after holding a democratic election, it remains entirely unrecognised. Oil revenues could positively transform Somaliland's fragile political economy, but they also place it at significant risk for a political resource curse that could threaten its democracy, peace and political institutions. Oil to cash or the direct distribution of oil revenues to citizens has been posited as a solution to the political resource curse. Somaliland has many of the elements necessary to make oil to cash work in place. Several factors combine to make Somaliland both potentially receptive to oil to cash and uniquely positioned to benefit from it. Interviews with political elites demonstrate receptiveness to the idea. Sample revenue calculations from other African oil producers highlight just how such a system could work to benefit Somaliland.
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Akanbi, Olusegun Ayodele. "Sustainability of fiscal policy in an oil-rich economy: the case of Nigeria." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 380–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2013-0053.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the sustainability of fiscal policy in Nigeria by disaggregating the economy into oil and non-oil segments. Design/methodology/approach – Owing to the enormous influence of the oil revenue, the study distinguishes between the oil and non-oil fiscal balances. In addition, it abstracted from the endogenous macroeconomic environment, therefore, fiscal policy sustainability is investigated on the basis of the responses of the government primary balance to changes in deficits and debt levels. The models are estimated with time-series data from 1970 to 2011 using the Johansen estimation techniques. Findings – The results from the estimations performed suggest that government responds more to deficit targets than debt targets. However, this differs in the non-oil segment, as the fiscal policy actions of government do not consistently respond to either deficit or debt targets. Given this, the overall economy and the oil segment have revealed a strong fiscal sustainability over the years while fiscal policy is unsustainable in the non-oil segment. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation of this study is the unavailability of data on government expenditure resulting from oil revenue. Therefore, it would be imperative to reinvestigate the specifications adopted in this study in follow-up studies. Practical implications – The study includes implications for policy makers, especially in Nigeria and other oil-producing countries, to detect the extent to which the economy should rely on the oil revenue stream as the main source of revenue to government. The proceeds from the oil endowment have not yet trickled down to the rest of the economy where real economic activity could be carried out which would eventually lead to more tax revenue for the government. Originality/value – To assess the sustainability of fiscal policy in an oil-rich economy such as Nigeria, it is imperative to detect the influence of oil funds on both government revenue streams and expenditure decisions. This study has made this distinction.
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Arifin, Kasman, Dina Hidayat, and Halimahtussakdiah. "EFFECT OF SHARING FUNDS (DBH) FOR REGIONAL BUDGET INCOME (APBD) PRODUCING REGIONS (STUDIES IN INDONESIA UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY)." Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science 2, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 484–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v2i3.760.
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Revenue-sharing is an oil-producing region allocation is used as the working area of mining. Along with fiscal decentralization and greater regional autonomy lately, the revenue sharing should be used in order to increase the prosperity of oil and gas producing regions through APBD revenue. This study aims to determine the effect of profit sharing funds in the upstream oil and gas industry in Indonesia on the regional budget. This research is associative explanative. Data collected through interviews, questionnaires, observation and literature study. Data were analyzed descriptively, tested assumptions, estimated through path coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis. After that the model is interpreted and modified. The results show that the effect of revenue sharing funds on the regional budget is significant. The greater the revenue sharing funds, the greater the APBD producing regions.
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Cynthia Odinakachi, Ayoka, Nzotta Samuel Mbadike, and Kanu Success Ikechi. "The Effect of Federal Government Revenue and Expenditure On Economic Growth in Nigeria – An Empirical Review." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 7, no. 3 (August 2021): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.73.2004.
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This study examined the effect of federal government revenue and expenditure on the economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1983 to 2018. Prior to now many studies have been completed on the subject matter and yet there doesn't seem to be a consensus of opinion amongst the different researchers on the relationship between revenue and expenditure interface in Nigeria. This could be ascribed to the different approaches gies set forward to clarify the relationship; thus warranting the need for this research .The investigation embraced an ex-post facto research design to produce test results via Bounds test, ARDL short/long run estimates and to make forecasts. The full scale economic factors used in the study includes Real Gross domestic product (proxy for economic growth), federal government retained revenue, non-oil revenue, capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure. We chose to be different in this study with a conscious omission of oil revenue as a variable of study. Findings of the research showed that federal government retained revenue; non-oil revenue and recurrent expenditure were statistically significant in explaining the relationship with economic growth in the short run; while capital expenditure was not at 5% Alpha level. Federal government retained revenue was also found to be statistically significant in the long run. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the influential growth variables are federal government retained revenue; non-oil revenue and recurrent expenditure. The researchers thus recommend that government should be tactful in her efforts at fiscal policy synchronization. There is need to monitor Nigeria’s expenditure pattern, increase in revenue and a consequent increase in governments retained revenue. This will make for an effective adjustment in the utilization of capital expenditures and to assist with raising the level of economic growth in Nigeria
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MOHAMMED, SHAIMAA. "الأزمة المالية في العراق الأسباب وسبل لمعالجة." Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.01.p5.
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Iraq is characterized by a unilateral economic system that relies on oil revenues. Oil is the main source of finance for the state's treasury. More than 97% of revenues are oil revenues and almost negligible non-oil revenues. This may be the main reason behind the financial crisis in Iraq today , Since the collapse of oil prices since mid-2014 through 2015 and 2016 until mid-2017 led to this financial crisis, in addition to other factors helped to grow the crisis, including financial corruption and lack of rationalization of spending. Which led the state to reconsider its fiscal policy and followed the reform policy to eliminate or at least alleviate the impact of the financial crisis. However, the reforms introduced by the government were temporary, and most importantly, contrary to constitutional and legal rules. , Which has led many to seriously reflect on the search for ways to deal with this crisis and to reach long-term radical solutions. The most effective solution may be to develop revenue sources, eliminate financial corruption.
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Wibowo, Puji. "DUALISME KEBIJAKAN PENYETORAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA SEKTOR HULU MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI." JURNAL MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 1, no. 1 (August 10, 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jmkp.v1i1.89.
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Transfer or payment policy of national revenue from upstream oil and gas has been interesting to discuss for years. The main issue of this policy is Indonesian government has recognized two models of transfer in oil and gas revenue for national account, which are direct and indirect transfer to national account. Direct transfer is dedicated for oil revenue from Pertamina in Rupiahs, while indirect transfer allows foreign currency (dollars) payments from other sources.This dual policies result in liquidity issues regarding government’s ability to cover liabilities in upstream oil mandated by Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) and regulation. Another issue has been intensively debated with external auditors is national revenue delayed during earning process. By reviewing current business process based on a number of regulations and interviewing with several middle management officers in the Ministry of Finance, we propose two options to consider. First, direct transfer or one-step transfer is modified by gathering all revenue sources from upstream oil and gas either in Rupiahs or dollars. The second model, indirect transfer or two-step transfer gathering all payments from oil and gas lifting in dollars. By considering fiscal impacts of these two alternative payment models, we conclude that the second model is preferable than the first scheme
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Chuka, Esiaka, Uwaleke Uche, and Nwala Nneka. "IMPACT OF FOREIGN TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijasbsm.v9.i1.03.
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This study investigated the impact of foreign trade on the economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1981–2018. Economists hold two contrasting opinions on the effect of foreign trade on a nation’s economy. While the positive-sum game school of thought holds the view that, when nations engage in foreign trade, there are bound to be mutual gains as each country’s utility is expanded, the negative-sum game school of thought holds the view that trade relations amongst nations of the world benefit one economy at the expense of the other. This study was embarked upon to ascertain which of these two conflicting opinions applies to Nigeria. Accordingly, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of foreign trade proxy by oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and foreign exchange rate on Nigeria’s economic growth proxy by gross domestic product growth rate. The study adopted the ex post facto research design and secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to evaluate the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Nigeria. Findings suggest that oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and foreign exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommended that Nigeria’s oil revenue be heavily invested in non-oil revenue-earning productive sectors such as agriculture and mining to create the desired multiplier effect on the economy.
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Nwawe, CN, BO Erumwenbibi, SN Utulu, M. Dada, and EI Omofonmwan. "Economic assessment of oil palm projects in Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.2.
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Due to the dramatic increase in the incidence and severity of poverty in Nigeria arising from the dwindling performance of the agricultural sector where a preponderant majority of the poor are employed, the revenue from the farmer’s output is of paramount importance in order to maintain continuous cycle of production. However, this study was designed to economically assess oil palm projects in Nigeria. Secondary data used for this study were collected from Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and related journals. The data collected were analyzed using discounted cash flow techniques. The result shows that at 32% interest rate NPV was positive (N20,275), IRR was 33% and the BCR was 1.06. The sensitivity analysis revealed that at 5% fall in revenue of the project, the NPV was positive (N1,403) while at 10% fall in revenue, the NPV became negative (N-28,747). Therefore, since price and yield quantity is an important ingredient in determining the revenue from oil palm project, investor has to watch closely these variables that may affect the profitability of the project.Keywords: Oil palm, NPV, IRR, BCR, discount factor.
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PRATIWI, DEVI ALFIYANTI, SYARIFAH MARYAM, and SITI BALKIS. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di KECAMATAN WARU KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA (Income Analysis of Oil Palm Farming (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Waru Subdistrict, Penajam Paser Utara District)." JURNAL AGRIBISNIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN (Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication) 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jakp.3.1.2020.2855.9-16.
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A part of community in Waru Subdistrict cultivate oil palm. This study aimed to determine the costs of production, revenue, income, and revenue/cost ratio of oil palm farming. The research was conducted from June to August 2018 in Waru Subdistrict, Penajam Paser Utara District. The sampling method was purposive sampling. This research collected primary and secondary data. Data analysis were done to calculte the production costs, revenue, income, and R/C ratio. The results of research showed the average of production costs of oil palm farming was as much as IDR5,449,786.00 year-1 ha-1. The average of revenue of oil palm farming was as much as IDR25,332,427.00 year-1 ha-1. The average of income of oil palm farming was as much as IDR19,882,641.92 year-1 ha-1. The oil palm farming in Waru Subdistrict is economically profitable based on the value of R/C ratio as many as 4,44 or greater than 1. This meant that for every cost additional of IDR1,000.00 by farmer will generate the income additional of Rp4,440.00.
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Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad. "A comparative analysis of taxation and revenue trends in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region." Pacific Accounting Review 31, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 646–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-12-2018-0114.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into how well past reforms have performed against revenue, equity and efficiency benchmarks of tax policymaking, so that the direction of future reform of tax system might be determined. It also presents a comparative analysis of taxation and revenue trends in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the data set period 1990-2012. Design/methodology/approach By overviewing the development and relative significance of resource revenues, allocating non-resource taxes and examining the tax policies of constituent countries, this paper presents a comparative review of taxation and revenue trends in the MENA region. Findings Findings showed, on average, a slight decline in non-resource revenues against the significant rise in income from resources. The analysis of government revenues and current taxation structures provide insight into how prior reforms have performed against the standard measures of tax policy-making (i.e. revenue, equity and efficiency) and directions for change leading to the establishment of simple tax systems. The study observes regional differences, such as the higher tax and revenues of the Maghreb sub-region over the Mashreq, except for value-added tax, where low rates were associated with equal or greater revenue. Similarities were also found, including the partial compensation by income taxes (not indirect taxes) for revenue lost through trade liberalization. The challenges of tax reform are found to vary across countries and opportunities for improving equity and reducing the complexity of tax systems across the region are identified. Research limitations/implications Reforms in all tax systems could have major implications for the country, employment, earnings and tax revenues; but recommendations would require political value judgments and government decisions. The study suggests eliminating the current tax system, thereby replacing one of the more distortionary taxes in the current system with a neutral and efficient tax. Originality/value The paper signals the need, even of the oil-rich states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, for governments to build tax systems capable of capturing and spending revenues effectively into the future.
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Abraham, Kow Kwegya Amissah. "Petroleum revenue management in Ghana: The epoch of high expectation in perspective." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v10i1.2.
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The avoidance of resource curse is, in part, dependent on the management and administration of realized revenue from the exploration of its natural resource. This article evaluates the existing fiscal regime and the regulatory frameworks that Ghana established to manage its petroleum revenue from 2010 to 2013. The restrictive period accounts for the era where Ghanaians showed high expectations of increased benefits from oil. In this vein, the article analyses the preparedness reflected in the policy framework to manage accrued revenue and, by extension, the expectation of citizens on improved living conditions. This article established that existing mechanisms, legislation, and checks and balance procedures to manage petroleum revenues are not the final steps at ensuring sustainable development. Two crucial factors play a decisive role in this regard. First is the extent to which accrued revenue is expended in critical areas of the economy for accelerated growth. Second is the commitment to, and establishment of, strong public institutions to enforce the relevant regulations. Keywords: Fiscal Regime, Transparency, Tax, Petroleum Revenue.
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Onoja Eneche, Emmanuel, and Ibrahim Ademu Stephen. "Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth." European Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2020.v3i1-81.
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This study examines the relationship between Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth. In order to achieve this objective, data was gathered through secondary means. Tax Revenue is proxy by Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax, while Economic Growth is proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Stata computer software. The study revealed that Petroleum Profit Tax (oil tax revenue) has a positive but no significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth, while Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax (non-oil Tax Revenue) have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth. The study recommends that government should minimize the wide spread corruption and leakages prevalent in tax administration in Nigeria, and transparently and judiciously account for tax revenue generated through the provision of more quality public goods and services, and need not to increase the rates of Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax in the short run, but to closely monitor the operations of companies engaged in petroleum operations to minimize tax evasion, and as well as support the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to significantly increase Tax Revenue so as to sustain the significant relationship of VAT and CIT (non-oil tax) revenue with Nigeria Economic Growth.
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Onoja Eneche, Emmanuel, and Ibrahim Ademu Stephen. "Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth." European Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v3i1.p30-44.
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This study examines the relationship between Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth. In order to achieve this objective, data was gathered through secondary means. Tax Revenue is proxy by Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax, while Economic Growth is proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Stata computer software. The study revealed that Petroleum Profit Tax (oil tax revenue) has a positive but no significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth, while Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax (non-oil Tax Revenue) have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth. The study recommends that government should minimize the wide spread corruption and leakages prevalent in tax administration in Nigeria, and transparently and judiciously account for tax revenue generated through the provision of more quality public goods and services, and need not to increase the rates of Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax in the short run, but to closely monitor the operations of companies engaged in petroleum operations to minimize tax evasion, and as well as support the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to significantly increase Tax Revenue so as to sustain the significant relationship of VAT and CIT (non-oil tax) revenue with Nigeria Economic Growth.
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Waluyo, Joko. "PERANAN PAJAK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN ANGGARAN." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v10i2.798.
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The main subject of this paper are the role of tax revenue to central government budget and how reforms it to increase tax revenue. Financing budget deficits represent one of cause of state budget become annoyed. Ratio tax - PDB ranging from 13 – 15 percent showing good improvement, although still not yet optimal. Ratio tax – revenue and tax - expenditure progressively mount which indication that important taxation role progressively in budget revenue sources. In year of the research showing by change of tax structure from oil tax become the non oil tax, and also from indirect tax become to the direct taxes. Role of direct taxes progressively mount in taxation structure. Tax effort indicator and elasticity of tax revenue indicate that the good imposition efficiency progressively. To increase tax revenue without giving distortion to economics require to be conducted by a taxation reform.
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Dovi, Efam Awo. "Ghana’s ‘new path’ for handling oil revenue." Africa Renewal 26, no. 3 (January 31, 2013): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/83aa350b-en.
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Mottu, Eric, and Ehtisham Ahmad. "Oil Revenue Assignments: Country Experiences and Issues." IMF Working Papers 02, no. 203 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451874464.001.
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Abadie, Luis, and José Chamorro. "Revenue Risk of U.S. Tight-Oil Firms." Energies 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2016): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9100848.
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Shili, Nedra, Kavita Panjwani, and Nedra Shili. "Non-oil Revenue Impact on Economic Growth: Empirical Study of Saudi Arabia’s Economy." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 4 (September 27, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i4.17587.
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The kingdom of Saudi Arabia saw during the year 2019 an improve in its business environment, as indicated in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business 2020 report in which the Kingdom was the best reformer, gaining 30 places to place itself in 62nd position. 62% of the three hundred planned reforms in this area have been completed, including a new law on tenders and public procurement, new commercial courts, and a new concurrence law and planned laws on public-private partnerships. The country has recently released the VAT regulation for public consultation through the tax authority (GAZT) website. The VAT introduction presents an important policy in a country where economic system has always relied on oil revenues. The purpose of this study is to show the marked contrast between the impact of non-oil tax revenue (NOTR) and non-oil non-tax revenue (NONTR) on economic growth in Saudi Arabia.This study applied various essential statistical tools such as descriptive and correlation, paired sample t-test. The results demonstrate that NONTR and NOTR were positive and firmly associated with Nominal domestic product with Co-efficient(r=.888, p >0.05) and (r=.960, p <0.05). The findings outline a significant divergence between the impact of NONTR and NOTR on nominal gross domestic product as shown (t3=23.310, p<0.05) and (t3=23.099, P< 0.05) based on four years of data from 2016-2020. In this paper, we try to explore the revenue composition of Saudi Arabia and its impact on its economy.
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Egbadju, Lawrence, U., and Victor, E. Oriavwote. "A Dynamic Analysis of Oil Revenue and the Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 2, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v2n1p203.
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<p><em>The main objective of the research is to empirically investigate the relevance of oil revenue to agricultural development in Nigeria. This is important because despite the numerous efforts by successive governments to diversify the economy, the level of agricultural output still remains abysmally low. The fallen oil price in the international market also makes this research to be timely. The research covered the period between 1981 and 2014. The cointegration technique and the granger causality tests were used for the study. The result indicates that oil revenue is not statistically significant in explaining the level of economic growth. The result of the granger causality test indicates that oil revenue does not granger cause agricultural output. The result is symptomatic since it casts some doubts on the diversification policies of successive governments in Nigeria. The result recommends, amongst others concerted efforts to revamp the agricultural sector through judicious use of the dwindling oil revenue and foreign investors should be encouraged to go into the agricultural sector in Nigeria.</em><em></em></p>
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Ebeku, Kaniye S. A. "Cyprus Hydrocarbons: Lessons from the Nigerian Experience." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n1p75.
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Hydrocarbons/oil is still the greatest source of energy in the world, although its importance is diminishing with the development of alternative/environment-friendly sources of energy such as wind-power and solar energy. For most oil-producing countries, hydrocarbons/oil revenue is a significant source of income. For instance, this is the case in Nigeria, whose economy depends heavily on oil revenue. Even so, natural resource wealth (hydrocarbons/oil, etc.) can also be a curse as it may cause poverty in the country, breed corruption, precipitate human rights abuses and other contradictions. This is the experience of some oil-producing countries such as Nigeria, Libya, Ecuador, and Algeria. The recent discovery of hydrocarbons in Cyprus is surely an important development for the country. However, given the negative experience of other resource-rich countries it is important to explore the possible lessons Cyprus may learn from such experience that could help her maintain a healthy economy when hydrocarbons revenue starts rolling in as projected, in 2022. This is the main objective of this paper and the Nigerian experience will be used as a case-study. Presently, the Cyprus economy without hydrocarbons revenue is strong and healthy; income is derived from diverse sources such as tourism, services and agriculture. This paper argues that Cyprus should learn from the experience of Nigeria and avoid abandoning other sources of revenue when it starts earning hydrocarbons revenue so that it would not suffer ‘Dutch disease’. Moreover, from the experience of Nigeria, Cyprus should take precautionary steps to check hydrocarbons industry related corruption, internal conflicts and other paradox which hydrocarbons could bring about. In conclusion, the paper recommends that the Cyprus economy should remain diversified in order to avoid the negative experience of Nigeria.