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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil storage tanks'
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1
Hua, Weixing, Yan Chen, Xiang Zhao, Jiping Yang, Han Chen, Zhaojie Wu, and Gang Fang. "Research on a Corrosion Detection Method for Oil Tank Bottoms Based on Acoustic Emission Technology." Sensors 24, no. 10 (May 11, 2024): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24103053.
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This paper presents an acoustic emission (AE) detection method for refined oil storage tanks which is aimed towards specialized places such as oil storage tanks with high explosion-proof requirements, such as cave oil tanks and buried oil tanks. The method utilizes an explosion-proof acoustic emission instrument to detect the floor of a refined oil storage tank. By calculating the time difference between the defective acoustic signal and the speed of acoustic wave transmission, a mathematical model is constructed to analyze the detected signals. An independent channel AE detection system is designed, which can store the collected data in a piece of independent explosion-proof equipment, and can analyze and process the data in a safe area after the detection, solving the problems of a short signal acquisition distance and the weak safety protection applied to traditional AE instruments. A location analysis of the AE sources is conducted on the bottom plate of the tank, evaluating its corrosion condition accurately. The consistency between the evaluation and subsequent open-tank tests confirms that using AE technology effectively captures corrosion signals from oil storage tanks’ bottoms. The feasibility of carrying out online inspection under the condition of oil storage in vertical steel oil tanks was verified through a comparison with open inspections, which provided a guide for determining the inspection target and opening order of large-scale oil tanks.
2
Ismayılov, F. S., F. G. Gasanov, Kh A. Soltanova, S. Ch Bayramova, and N. M. Mammadzadeh. "Increasing performance efficiency of reconstructed oil fields." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 05 (May 15, 2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-38-42.
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In the oil-gathering stations of most OGPDs, oil water sand clay mixtures that enter the settling equipment after passing through the separators are initially separated and collected in appropriate tanks. Prior to the production of commercial oil, more labor and energy is utilized to separate water and sand-clay mixtures from oil. Tanks are quickly contaminated with bottom sediments consisting of sand-clay and cleaning of them is difficult. Mixtures of sand-clay-water from settler, formation water from oil tanksa are drained into open oil traps, as a result, the environment is polluted with oil wastes and oil losses occur. It is more efficient to use a horizontal oil and gas separator to overcome shortcomings identified in the reconstruction of the tank farm with a capacity of more than 1.500 m3/day. Sand-clay separator should be installed at the inlet of it to protect the separator and tanks from sand-clay mixed sediments. Sand-clay separators should be installed inside the overflow tanks for better separation of formation water and sand-clay mixtures from oil, oil suspensions and sand-clay mixtures from water in formation water storage tanks. In order to reduce evaporation losses in the tanks, an auxiliary palte should be used under the PSV and the gas phase of the technological tanks and commercial oil tanks should be connected via pipes.
3
Hu, Haoran, Jian Guo, Bingyuan Hong, Yan Yan, Xu Yang, and Baikang Zhu. "Wind-resistant optimization design of large storage tanks in island-type petrochemical parks." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101017.
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Due to the thin-walled wind-sensitive structures of large crude oil storage tanks, it is necessary to consider the wind load failure of oil storage tanks in coastal areas under strong wind conditions during the design process. Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS\Workbench, the static structure analysis and buckling analysis of the 100, 000 cubic crude oil storage tanks are carried out. In order to solve the buckling failure phenomenon, a wind-resistant ring structure was optimal designed for the crude oil storage tank according to standards, so that the storage tank can withstand hurricanes and typhoons above level 12 with a wind speed of 137 km/h.
4
Sultanbekov, Radel, and Maria Nazarova. "The influence of total sediment of petroleum products on the corrosiveness of the metal of the tanks during storage." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912101015.
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Storage tanks for petroleum products must comply with the requirements of technical, technological and environmental safety. The corrosion rate increases with prolonged storage of petroleum products in tanks. To prevent the destruction processes for reliable operation of tanks caused by metal corrosion some solutions are needed. Active formation of general sludge occurs in the storage of fuel oil, which contains corrosion-active substances, because of the incompatibility of fuels. The paper assesses the effect of total oil sludge in tanks on the corrosion process and on the reliability of tanks. Studies of the formation of a common sediment caused by incompatibility when mixing petroleum products are conducted. The paper proposes a solution which allows to reduce the formation of total oil sludge and to ensure reliable operation of reservoirs.
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TUDORACHE, Valentin-Paul, and Niculae-Napoleon ANTONESCU. "Aspects Regarding of Oil Sludge Cleaning from Crude Storage Tanks Using Robots." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Engineering Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscieng.2024.1.88.
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One of the problems of the oil industry is the accumulation of sludge at the bottom of crude oil storage tanks. Oil sludge obtained from crude oil storage tanks is a semi-solid waste. It is actually a complex emulsion made up of numerous petroleum hydrocarbons, water and solid particles or mineral impurities from the rock. Oil sludge is generated during the storage of crude oil production, but also during the transportation, storage, and refining of crude oil. Through its nature - organic and inorganic, dark brown / black in color and semi-fluid physical state - it is a very dangerous waste, as it includes many poisonous substances, such as: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, xylene, benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, but also metals heavy. Therefore, oil sludge deposition is a dynamic, long-term, and ever-changing process. The authors, under the auspices of AOȘR and AGIR, present - through this scientific paper - a modern technology used for the successful cleaning of oil sludge from crude oil storage tanks and, obviously, it can be a recommendation for organizations in the oil industry.
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Liu, Yu-fang, Li-xin Shi, Qi-er Sa, Tian-ning Zhang, Yan-qiang Chai, Xiao-feng Si, Yu-meng Wang, and Bing jun Li. "Exploration and Application of Acoustic Emission Detection Technology in Leakage Detection of the Bottom Plate of Crude Oil Metal Storage Tanks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2594, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2594/1/012059.
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Abstract The use of acoustic emission detection technology can conduct online and non-stop detection and evaluation of crude oil metal storage tanks, achieving the integrity detection and evaluation of storage tanks. In order to explore the applicability of acoustic emission detection technology in the leakage detection of the bottom plate of crude oil metal storage tanks, this project carried out online acoustic emission detection of crude oil metal storage tanks, magnetic flux leakage detection after tank opening and cleaning, and compared and analyzed the results of two detection technologies. The adaptability of online acoustic emission detection technology was analyzed and explored. It was found that acoustic emission technology can qualitatively evaluate the corrosion of tank bottom plates, but cannot accurately locate corrosion defects. For tanks with severe corrosion that require maintenance, it is still necessary to open the tank and use magnetic flux leakage and other detection techniques to determine the location of defects. Through comparative analysis of acoustic emission testing technology and magnetic flux leakage testing technology, the results obtained from acoustic emission testing technology are conservative compared to the actual results. It is recommended to upgrade the evaluation of corrosion degree for the acoustic emission evaluation results of crude oil metal storage tanks.
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Yoshida, Shoichi. "Massive Fire Incidents of Multiple Aboveground Storage Tanks due to Vapor Cloud Explosion." EPI International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082019.03.
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The vapor cloud explosion (VCE) begins with a release of a large quantity of flammable vaporing liquid from a storage tank, transportation vessel or pipeline. If VCE occurs in an oil storage facility, multiple tanks burn simultaneously. There is no effective firefighting method for multiple tanks fire. It will be extinguished when oil burned out spending several days. Many incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE have occurred all over the world in recent 50 years. This paper reviews the past 6 incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE.
8
Emil Abdullayev, Emil Abdullayev. "DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF THE COVER STRUCTURE OF OIL TANKS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 07, no. 03 (May 25, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0703202113.
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Oil tanks must meet the requirements of low evaporation losses, as well as durability and longevity. Oil tanks are made of steel and non-metal structures of different materials. Steel oil tanks are small (up to 2000 Pa), high (up to 70,000 Pa) and atmospheric pressure due to the additional pressure in the gas phases. Due to their design, steel oil tanks are vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical, drip-shaped and trench-type. Vertical cylindrical oil tanks are the most common and are mainly conical, spherical, pantone, floating lid. Pantone and floating oil tanks - used to reduce evaporation losses during oil storage. The pantone installed in the oil tank with a capacity of 20,000 m3 consists of a steel floor made of a 4 mm thick layer of steel and a ring with two lids welded along its perimeter at a distance of 2.8 m from each other. These ribs provide rigidity to the pontoon during movement, as well as a reserve swimming position when the middle part of the panto sinks. The annular ribs are connected at a certain distance from each other (up to 1/48 of the circumference) by radial ribs. The annular and radial ribs are welded to the floor of the pantone with a complete seam. Keywords: cover construction, oil storage terminal, oil tanks volume, determination of the coating structure.
9
Aljarah, Ahmad, Nader Vahdati, and Haider Butt. "Magnetic Internal Corrosion Detection Sensor for Exposed Oil Storage Tanks." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072457.
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Corrosion in the oil and gas industry represents one of the major problems that affect oil production and transportation processes. Several corrosion-inspection technologies are in the market to detect internal and external corrosion of oil storage tanks, but inspection of storage tanks occurs every 3 to 7 years. In between inspection interval, aggressive corrosion can potentially occur, which makes the oil and gas industry vulnerable to accidents. This study proposes a new internal corrosion detection sensor based on the magnetic interaction between a rare-earth permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic nature of steel, used to manufacture oil storage tanks. Finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to analyze the effect of various sensor parameters on the attractive force between the magnet and the steel. The corrosion detection sensor is designed based on the FEA results. The experimental testing of the sensor shows that it is capable of detecting internal metal loss due to corrosion in oil storage tanks within approximately 8 mm of the internal surface thickness. The sensor showed more than two-fold improvement in the detection range compared to previous sensor proposed by the authors. Furthermore, the sensor of this paper provides a monitoring rather than occasional inspection solution.
10
Firsov, A., S. Yanyk, E. Ivanchenko, L. Snigur, V. Malikov, and U. Kyzenko. "METHODS OF REDUCTION OF LOSSES OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.13.1.202-209.
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Petroleum products are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Duringtransportation and storage of oil products under the influence of changing environmentalconditions there is a change in quality indicators. The change in the quality of petroleum products reflects the real physico-chemical processes that occur in petroleum products during their transportation and storage. As a result of changes in the quality of petroleum products, their operational qualities deteriorate, which further leads to the impossibility of their use for their intended purpose. In modern conditions, there are many ways to reduce losses in quantity and quality of petroleum products during transportation and storage. All existing methods can be divided into several groups. The first group of measures is aimed at preventing the ingress of foreign liquids and mechanical impurities into petroleum products. Particular attention is paid to the detection andremoval of commodity water. The following measures are intended to improve the tightness of storage facilities and reduce the contact of petroleum products with ambient air. To reduce losses from fuel evaporation, the method of painting ground tanks in light colors is used, which allows to reduce the heating of tanks, which in turn reduces the evaporation of petroleum products. This method is very old, effective and well known. In addition, tanks of special design are used for storage of oil products, especially light ones. Tanks with pontoons and floating roofs. Theconstruction of the tanks reduces the free volume of air above the surface of petroleum products, which significantly reduces the loss of petroleum products from evaporation. This reduces the loss of petroleum products from evaporation. The use of methods to reduce fuel damage during transportation and storage leads to significant economic benefits in the future. Keywords: Loss of quantity and quality of oil products, transportation of oil products, storage of oil products, methods of reducing losses of oil products.
11
Nagornov, Stanislav, Maksim Levin, and Ekaterina Levina. "Concept of “smart” oil storage facility for agricultural purposes." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700176.
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Technological parameters and technical level of the equipment at an oil storage facility influence motor fuel’s quality and its waste during reception, storage and transfer. The use of intelligent systems during the oil storage and handling process enhances quality preservation and reduction of motor fuel waste caused by evaporation, oxidation and hydration while stored in above-ground horizontal steel tanks. Systems managing “smart” oil-storage facilities combine technologies for on-line collection, transmission and storage of information with instant data processing and analysis, and managerial decision-making techniques. A methodological framework, that includes algorithms and a program with sensors to monitor indicators of an automated horizontal oil reservoir, has been developed to control the technological parameters (temperature, pressure, fuel level) of the tanks during storage of light oil products, and to protect fuel against flooding and evaporation. The application of the neural network forecasting technique for fuel waste from evaporation during storage, and processing of the data array, made it possible to calculate with a 98% accuracy rate the gasoline waste during storage in horizontal on-ground tanks with up to 100 m3 in volume capacity. The application of a neural network enables development of new fuel storage algorithms and calculation of the optimal storage amount to minimise losses. The concept and developed digital intelligent control solutions for oil storage allows combining data in oil management into a single information space, and to control the automated oil storage system with application of neural networks, deep learning and Big Data.
12
Escandón-Panchana, Paulo, Fernando Morante-Carballo, Gricelda Herrera-Franco, Héctor Rodríguez, and Fausto Carvajal. "Fluid Level Measurement System in Oil Storage. Python, Lab-Based Scale." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090327.
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Refineries, fuel depots, airports and storage terminals commonly use fluid level measurement in storage tanks. Different fluid level measurement techniques and devices differ in the inaccuracy of measurement results, costs, and company needs. In addition, these measurements seek reliability of measurement data, immediate response times, control in operations, oil movement, custody transfer and inventory control. The objective is to develop a computer system for measuring fluid levels in oil storage tanks, using ultrasonic and temperature sensors, creating a web application for an automated measurement system (SAM) for managing volumes of Petroleum. The study methodology is i) Analysis of measurement reports. ii) Selection of physical components of the computer system. iii) SAM algorithm design and web application, and iv) Validate the system. The SAM application developed in open source proposes functional modules for administration, control, security, management and monitoring of storage tanks, the status of physical components and generation of dynamic reports in real-time. The results show the control characteristics of storage tanks such as maximum and minimum volume, temperature, time, precise data records in less time than certain current computer structures.
13
Lee, Jeomdong, Juyeol Ryu, Seowon Park, Myong-O. Yoon, and Changwoo Lee. "Study on the Evaluation of Radiant Heat Effects of Oil Storage Tank Fires Due to Environmental Conditions." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2020.34.1.072.
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In this paper, the risk of damages to humans and properties due to fire explosions in gasoline storage tanks is identified, and the effects of radiant heat on adjacent tanks are evaluated to present the necessary area to secure safety. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of radiant heat (Maximum emission) on adjacent tanks in an oil storage tank fire due to environmental conditions (Wind speed and temperature) in the Northern Gyeonggi Province. The result indicated that the radiant heat released in the fire of an oil storage tank was increased by approximately 1.9 times by the maximum wind speed and the difference occurred in the range of 700~800 kW by the maximum temperature. If a storage tank fire occurs, securing approximately 34.4 m of holding area is necessary. In the future, evaluating the radiant heat emitted by the fire of gasoline storage tanks will be required by applying various environmental conditions, and through this, research on specific and quantitative holding area is required.
14
Wang, Wen He, Hai Xia Li, Zhi Sheng Xu, and Dong Liang. "Safety Assessment of Large-Scale Crude Oil Tank after Fire Process." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.469.
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In recent years, the demand of the crude oil is increasing in the world, and the oil storage tanks are also developing larger and larger. Higher requirements of safety for storage tank, especially safety evaluation of the oil tanks in fire environment, was proposed because the oil tank volume is large, as well the oil is volatile, flowing, inflammable and explosive easily. In the paper, the fire process was simulated by the heat treatment for the key position, and the relationship between mechanical property and heating temperature of large tank after fire was obtained. The strength evaluation for large-scale crude oil storage tank after fire was implemented and the result showed that the strength for large crude oil tank was satisfied with requirement.
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Feng, Miaoke, Kaining He, and Yanhong Zhao. "Corrosion and protection of island and offshore oil storage tank." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203035.
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This article is mainly based on the characteristics of the marine environment of islands and coastal seas and the current corrosion problems of storage tanks as well as their main locations, analyse the reasons for their formation and consider the potential safety hazards, so as to propose several effective storage tank corrosion protection methods, which has important positive significance for the long-term development of islands and coastal seas oil storage tanks.
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Lupunga, Mwansa Andrew, Liang Huang, and Haotian Li. "Foundation Treatment, Reinforcement and Design Optimization for Oil Storage Tanks at TAZAMA Pipelines Limited (Ndola, Copperbelt Province, Zambia)." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 21 (April 9, 2024): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v21i.10870.
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Addressing foundation soil consolidation and subsoil treatment/reinforcement pertaining to oil storage tanks is essential for ensuring their long-term structural stability and minimizing risks associated with ground movement. This study will specifically revolve around investigating Foundation Treatment, Reinforcement and Design Optimization for Oil Storage Tanks at TAZAMA Pipelines Limited Ndola Site, (a key player in the transportation of petroleum products between Zambia and Tanzania). Key content of article: - Through systematic analysis of survey data of the target area, the engineering characteristics and distribution patterns of soft soil foundations in site area was analysed and appropriate foundation treatment and reinforcement methods of oil storage tanks within the area was taken into consideration.- Demonstrated significance of applying chosen method of optimization to address the soil consolidation issues; i.e. presented through level for level analysis of application model.- Considered a 50,000m3 floating roof oil storage tank foundation for soil consolidation optimization, analysing practicality and feasibility of study.The main author of this article served as a Civil Engineering Intern at TAZAMA Pipelines Limited.
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Hlova, Taras, Mykhailo Semerak, Bogdanna Hlova, and Mykola Mykhailyshyn. "The influence of pressure changes on the integrity of tanks for storage of petroleum products and toxic substances." Military Technical Collection, no. 24 (May 20, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.24.2021.31-36.
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Tanks for the storage of oil products and toxic substances in warehouses are the main ones. They can be in the form of separate tanks or a group of tanks. The most widespread are vertical steel tanks with a stationary roof that a placed in open areas. The tanks heat up, and the intensity of evaporation of the oil product increases in case of fire. If there is a permanent roof, the pressure in the tank will increase. If the capacity of the breathing valves is less than the intensity of evaporation then there is a risk of explosion. Explosions in the tank often lead to the separation of the bottom, and the side cylindrical surface and the roof fly away instantly, spilling oil on neighboring tanks and the territory of the tank’s park. Then the combustion area increases intensively. The destruction of the integrity of the tank, due to the separation of the bottom, contributes to temperature and power stresses, the value of which increases with increasing temperature of their heating and increasing pressure, respectively. The values of temperature stresses are added to the power stresses caused by pressure, and when the critical value is reached, destruction occurs.
We investigated the stress-strain state of a steel vertical tank for the storage of oil products and toxic substances. The analysis of the reasons for the occurrence of admissible pressure in the tank, which is the reason for the loss of its integrity, is carried out. Using the differential equation of a closed cylindrical shell, which is under the action of internal pressure, analytical expressions are obtained to find deformations and stresses in the side cylindrical surface and bottom. Were calculated axial and annular stresses for the tank of RVS-900. Based on the basic relations of the theory of elasticity of thin plates and shells analytical expressions of the stress-strain state of the cylindrical tanks are obtained for conditions for changing of pressure on their structural elements. It is shown that the greatest values of axial stresses are obtained on the surface of the connection of the cylindrical surface with the bottom. The researches results are presented graphically.
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Yoshioka, Gary, and Elisa Vitale. "THE THREAT OF OIL SPILLS FROM STORAGE TANKS AT END USER FACILITIES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1159.
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ABSTRACT The oil pollution prevention program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses a large regulated community—the owners and operators of several hundred thousand nontransportation-related facilities. Regulated oil facilities generally are thought of as refineries, terminals, production field tanks, fuel oil dealers, or gasoline service stations. Some studies of the nationwide petroleum storage capacity do not even consider tanks owned by petroleum consumers, while others recognize that end users constitute a significant part of the nation's oil storage. The storage capacity of fixed petroleum tankage in the tertiary segment (agricultural, commercial, electric utility, industrial, military/government, residential, and transportation sectors) is estimated to comprise more than 20 % of the total U.S. storage capacity. EPA estimates that more than one-half of the facilities required to prepare Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans are such end users. The focus of oil pollution prevention, of course, is preventing spills. Several years ago, an American Petroleum Institute report on aboveground storage tank incidents stated that more than 25% of large petroleum releases in the United States were from tanks controlled by companies outside the petroleum industry. Recent data on large spills (10,000 gallons or more) show similar patterns. Of course, most nontransportation-related spills are from storage tanks or facilities in the petroleum industry (production wells, refineries, terminals, tank farms, and fuel oil dealers). More than 40%, however, are from electric utilities, manufacturing plants, military bases, airports, railroad yards, and other end user facilities. Smaller spills come from a variety of facility types. It is important for EPA and other groups to recognize the end user community and the threat of spills from end user facilities, and to begin to work with the owners and operators of end user facilities to educate them about EPA's oil pollution prevention regulation.
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Majbor, Kosay Abdul sattar, Qais Matti Alias, Wafa Faraj Tobia, and Mohamed Adnan Hamed. "Cathodic Protection Design Algorithms for Refineries Aboveground Storage Tanks." Journal of Engineering 23, no. 12 (November 26, 2017): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.12.06.
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Storage tanks condition and integrity is maintained by joint application of coating and cathodic protection. Iraq southern region rich in oil and petroleum product refineries need and use plenty of aboveground storage tanks. Iraq went through conflicts over the past thirty five years resulting in holding the oil industry infrastructure behind regarding maintenance and modernization. The primary concern in this work is the design and implementation of cathodic protection systems for the aboveground storage tanks farm in the oil industry.
Storage tank external base area and tank internal surface area are to be protected against corrosion using impressed current and sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems. Interactive versatile computer programs are developed to provide the necessary system parameters data including the anode requirements, composition, rating, configuration, etc. Microsoft-Excel datasheet and Visual Basic.Net developed software were used throughout the study in the design of both cathodic protection systems.
The case study considered in this work is the eleven aboveground storage tanks farm situated in al-Shauiba refinery in southern IRAQ. The designed cathodic protection systems are to be installed and monitored realistically in the near future. Both systems were designed for a life span of (15-30) years, and all their parameters were within the internationally accepted standards.
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Samigullin, Gafur, and Alexandr Zakharov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF FIRE ESCALATION DURING STORAGE OF MOTOR FUELS IN POLYMERIC ELASTIC TANKS." Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia» 2024, no. 1 (April 13, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2218-130x-2024-1-1-12.
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Due to the increase in oil production and production of petroleum products, as well as their transportation and storage, the range and sizes of reservoirs are increasing. For this purpose, polymer tanks are widely used at Russian enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, including mobile tank farmsand oil depots for the operational storage of oil and petroleum products. However, the polymer materials from which the tanks are made are flammable, which increases their fire hazard level. An assessment of the possibility of fire escalation has been carried out using the example of an oil depot model for storing motor fuels in polymer elastic tanks. The results
of calculating the dangerous factors of a spill fire during depressurization of polymer elastic tanks with gasoline and diesel fuel, as well as a graph of the dependence of the intensity of thermal radiation during the ignition of these tanks, are presented in tabular form, and an event tree is constructed. The parameters characterizing the possible escalation of a fire at a motor fuel storage site under quasi-stationary conditions have been determined.
A methodology is proposed that allows assessing the possibility of realizing the escalating nature of a fire at facilities for storing and handling motor fuels in polymer elastic tanks, and recommendations are also given to prevent the progressive nature of the development of negative events and reduce damage in case of fire.
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Yong, Qi Dong, Yang Chen, and Yao Wang. "Study on Risk Analysis and Control of Oil Tank Based on Environmental Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.882.
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Risk analysis and calculation about different position from oil tank, is to supply the scientific basis on risk control and design of precaution device. The risk factors of the oil tank as the start is analyzed, and risk concept model under several uncertain influences of storage medium, storage amount, newness extent,distance among oil tanks and environment is established;the different position of oil tank risk calculation models and their risk levels precaution method under single tank coupled with several tanks are put forward. According to the case simulated, the method can be used in risk control.
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Górska-Włodarczyk, Wioletta, and Zdzisław Bogdanowicz. "Analysis of sediment from bottom water in tanks with stored diesel oil." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 70, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0549.
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In this study, the bottom water obtained from short- and long-term storage diesel oil tanks was ex-amined in order to determine the substances that indicate the interaction of water with fuel components. The actual water phases obtained from tanks with standard diesel oil and with improved low-temperature proper-ties, with the current level of biocomponent and fuel additives were used for the research. The sediments formed as a result of water evaporation were subjected to qualitative and quantitative tests, and the obtained results were compared with the composition of commercially available additives and a biocomponent. The test results indicated the presence of hydrocarbons, additives, microorganisms and compounds unidentified in the conducted tests, which confirmed the interaction of fuel components with the water phase in tanks with stor-age diesel oil. Keywords: solubility of hydrocarbons, bottom water, fuel storage tanks, fuel additive
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Yang, Hong Wei, Shi Liang Yang, Chao Wu, Yi Wei Fei, and Xian Yong Wei. "The Applications of Direct Fluorinated HDPE in Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2436.
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Characteristics of elemental fluorine and carbon-fluorine bonds were analyzed. The barrier and oil-resistance properties of direct fluorination of HDOE were unveiled from molecule structure. The HDPE surface fluorination results in the increase of surface energy, cross link to some extent and shrinkage of polymer free volume.The application of direct fluorination of HDPE in oil in oil ＆ gas storage and transportation fields were reviewed, including oil and gas pipe,plastic petrol-tanks and HDPE impermeable membrane applied in oil tank foundation. After direct fluorination processing, the anti-corrosion and the permeability to hydrocarbons of HDPE pipes are strengthened. With the development of technology, it will be the trend that the multi-layer fuel tanks replace the single layer fuel tanks. The HDPE is applied as the outermost layer of multi-layer structure to ensure the processing property and the impact resistance in low temperature.
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Sulistomo, Try Rahadi, and Adi Surjosatyo. "RISK-BASED INSPECTION OF CRUDE AND REFINED OIL STORAGE TANK IN INDONESIA REFINERY PLANT." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2023.004.01.10.
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A storage tank, which is used to store oil, is important and high-risk equipment that requires attention to its safety aspects. As a preventive measure, the government requires inspections of all storage tanks, either on a regular basis (every four years) or based on risk assessment. This safety study aims to create an inspection plan for the storage tanks at the oil refinery using the risk-based inspection (RBI) method. The RBI method in this study adopts API RP 581, Third Edition, 2016. Risk analysis is carried out in stages, including collecting technical data on the tanks, determining failure mechanisms, conducting risk analysis, and finally creating an inspection interval and method. Technical data was collected and studied for 29 storage tanks designed according to the API 650 standard. The determined failure mechanisms for the storage tank shell are atmospheric corrosion, general corrosion, and corrosion under insulation. The results of the risk analysis showed that all tanks have a medium risk, with 16 units in category 3C and 13 units in category 2C. The planned inspection methods are visual inspection, UT thickness or flaw thickness, and CUI, with most inspection intervals reaching 10 years. Based on this study, it is concluded that risk-based inspection (RBI) is more effective and efficient than the specific time interval inspection method (every 4 years).
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Batic, Iva. "Reduction of evaporation losses in oil and oil derivatives storage tanks: A case study for warehouse in Pozega (Serbia)." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220923172b.
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One of the biggest problems related to mandatory tanks of oil and oil derivatives are evaporative losses in the tanks. It is well known that the storage, manipulation and transport of oil and oil derivatives results in the evaporation of the liquid. In the case of tanks where commodity reserves are stored for a long period of time, the most pronounced problems are "breathing" losses and degradation of the quality of petroleum products. Many of these volatile organic compounds also have a strong negative impact that is harmful to human health and the environment. The aim of this research is to improve system in order to reduce evaporative losses in the tanks which are used for mandatory reserves of oil and oil derivative in warehouse in location near Pozega in Serbia as well as to reduce the harmful impact on the environment with the proposed improvement measures.
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Gulida, E. M., and Ya Ya Kozak. "Fire safety in tanks of oil and oil products storage." Bulletin of Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 6 (December 6, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.241120.69.700.
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Paulauskienė, Tatjana, Vytenis Zabukas, and Petras Vaitiekūnas. "INVESTIGATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSION IN OIL TERMINAL STORAGE TANK PARKS/LAKIŲJŲ ORGANINIŲ JUNGINIŲ (LOJ) EMISIJOS TYRIMAS NAFTOS TERMINALO TALPYKLŲ PARKUOSE/ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭМИССИИ ЛЕГКОЛЕТУЧИХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ (ЛОС) В ПАРКАХ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ НЕФТЯНОГО ТЕРМИНАЛА." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.81-88.
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The problem of VOC volatilization into the atmosphere from oil terminals is discussed in the paper. Investigation of VOC concentration in an oil terminal was performed in characterized spots of the main pollutant concentration ‐ in storage tank parks of light and heavy oil products. A complex analysis of the impact of meteorological elements, oil‐product‐storage tank construction, the level of filling storage tanks with oil products on the emissions of VOCs in oil terminals and adjacent territories is provided in the paper. The dependence of VOC concentration on the following parameters of the construction of storage tanks was analysed: the capacity of storage tanks, the insulation between the wall of a storage tank and peculiarities of the pontoon construction (single, double, triple insulation). The results of the investigation may be applied for the development and improvement of the VOC calculation method (LAND 31–2007/M‐11), reduction of VOC emissions in the existing oil terminals and when developing new ones. Santrauka Analizuojami profesiniai pavojai, kuriems gresiant būtina nustatyti rizikos lygį. Tirtas darbo aplinkos mikroklimatas, apšvieta, triukšmas ir dulkėtumo lygis. Profesiniams pavojams gamyboje įvertinti siūlomas paprastas ir lankstus rizikos vertinimo metodas, pagrįstas skaitiniais kriterijais. Pateikiami penkių Estijos pramonės šakų (mašinų apdirbimo, spaudos, medienos, plastmasės ir tekstilės) tyrimo šiuo požiūriu rezultatai ir praktiniai pavyzdžiai. Kaip akivaizdžiausias pavojus sveikatai plačiai analizuojamas triukšmas, įvertinama klausos praradimo rizika. Straipsnio tikslas – atkreipti dėmesį, kaip svarbu pramonėje nustatyti profesinę riziką ir priminti apie kelis svarbius praktinius aspektus, kad darbo rizikos vertinimas būtų efektyvus ir padėtų darbuotojams, darbdaviams, darbo vietos higienos specialistams, gydytojams bei sprendimų priėmėjams.
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Belash, T. A., and E. A. Dymov. "Influence of Tanks Design Features on Earthquake Resistance in Permafrost Areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042089.
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Abstract Tanks for the storage of oil and gas play a special role in the oil and gas industry. During the construction and design of such structures in difficult geological conditions, increased attention is paid to their safe operation. The combined manifestation of seismic impacts and the presence of permafrost can pose an increased danger. The article presents an analysis of the various components of an oil and gas storage system. A comparative analysis of the seismic resistance of storage tanks was carried out, taking into account the presence of a thawed permafrost base in the base. It is shown that during thawing, the permafrost base can greatly affect the seismic resistance of the structure.
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Xiaodong, Zhao, Chen Kefeng, Yang Jie, Xi Guangfeng, Sun Jie, and Tian Haitao. "Analysis of effect of oil and S2− impurities on corrosion behavior of 16Mn steel for storage tanks by electrochemical method." RSC Advances 8, no. 66 (2018): 38118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08113a.
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Cristescu, Tudora, Monica Emanuela Stoica, and Silvian Suditu. "The Evaluation of the Influence of Geographic and Meteorological Factors on Heat Transfer in the Case of Crude Oil Storage in Overground Tanks." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 6 (July 15, 2017): 1384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.6.5679.
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The study aims to analyze the main factors that influence the transfer of heat in the case of crude oil storage. A model based on the computing relations taken from specific publications was developed. The case studies were conducted on the basis of experimental research on several oil storage tanks, located in an oil transit station in Romania. The following two cases were analyzed, i.e., when the crude oil is heated and stagnates in the storage tank, and when it only stagnates, respectively. The analysis and application of the developed standard model facilitated the establishing of the factors that influence heat transfer. The influence of the geographic position and meteorological factors was also analyzed, which led to the formulation of conclusions with respect to the heat loss that occurs through the walls of the tanks.
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Jiang, Xinsheng, Dongliang Zhou, Peili Zhang, Yunxiong Cai, Ri Chen, Donghai He, Xizhuo Qin, Keyu Lin, and Sai Wang. "Explosive Characteristics Analysis of Gasoline–Air Mixtures within Horizontal Oil Tanks." Fire 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7010024.
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Horizontal oil tanks, like other oil storage containers, carry the risk of explosion when gasoline–air mixtures are ignited. With the widespread application of horizontal oil tanks in the petrochemical industry, attention to safety risks is increasing. However, currently, a limited amount of experimental research on such tanks exists. To explore the characteristics of gasoline–air mixtures combustion within the confined space of horizontal oil tanks, this study constructed a medium-scale simulated horizontal oil tank (L/D = 3, V = 1.0 m3) platform. By investigating the effects of different initial gasoline–air mixture volume fractions and ignition positions on explosion overpressure characteristic parameters, an analysis of the combustion characteristics was conducted. It was found that the most dangerous gasoline–air mixture volume fraction is 1.9% when ignited at the top position and 2.1% at the middle. It was also observed that the ignition position has a significant impact on the variation in explosion overpressure characteristic parameters, with ignition at the middle position resulting having a greater explosive force compared to ignition at the top position. Furthermore, using ignition at the middle position as an example, a study was conducted on the flame morphology characteristics at initial gasoline–air mixture volume fractions of 1.1%, 1.9%, and 2.7%. The conclusions from this research deepen our understanding of the explosion characteristics of different containers, providing theoretical insights for the safe storage and transportation of oil materials in horizontal oil tanks.
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Mihajlovic, Marina, Ana Veljasevic, Jovan Jovanovic, and Mica Jovanovic. "Estimation of evaporative losses during storage of crude oil and petroleum products." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120301050s.
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Storage of crude oil and petroleum products inevitably leads to evaporative losses. Those losses are important for the industrial plants mass balances, as well as for the environmental protection. In this paper, estimation of evaporative losses was performed using software program TANKS 409d which was developed by the Agency for Environmental Protection of the United States - US EPA. Emissions were estimated for the following types of storage tanks: fixed conical roof tank, fixed dome roof tank, external floating roof tank, internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank. Obtained results show quantities of evaporated losses per tone of stored liquid. Crude oil fixed roof storage tank losses are cca 0.5 kg per tone of crude oil. For floating roof, crude oil losses are 0.001 kg/t. Fuel oil (diesel fuel and heating oil) have the smallest evaporation losses, which are in order of magnitude 10-3 kg/tone. Liquids with higher Reid Vapour Pressure have very high evaporative losses for tanks with fixed roof, up to 2.07 kg/tone. In case of external floating roof tank, losses are 0.32 kg/tone. The smallest losses are for internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank: 0.072 and 0.044, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the liquid with low volatility of low BTEX amount can be stored in tanks with fixed roof. In this case, the prevailing economic aspect, because the total amount of evaporative loss does not significantly affect the environment. On the other hand, storage of volatile derivatives with high levels of BTEX is not justified from the economic point of view or from the standpoint of the environment protection.
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Satybaldin, A. Zh. "THE INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGE ON THE OIL BOTTOM SEDIMENTS FORMED AT THE OIL STORAGE FACILITIES OF THE ATASU-ALASHANKOU STATION." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 3 (37) (September 24, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no3/71-75.
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From three to ten per cent of the total oil produced can ultimately not be used for further processing. When the oil is transported by oil pipelines and oil tankers and stored in reservoirs, oil bottom sediments are deposited on the bottom comprising particles of mineral (non-oil origin) and the heaviest hydrocarbons, mainly paraffin series, whose specific gravity is higher than the density of oil and water. For reliable operation of the tanks, it must be periodically cleaned from the accumulated sediment. The study novelty is the use of the electrohydraulic effect for the processing of oil bottom sediments and creation of a waste-free technology for the disposal of oil bottom sediments in field conditions. The optimal mode for electrohydraulic impact, ensuring the destruction of bottom deposits of oil in the oil storage tanks of the Atasu-Alashankou station, is determined.
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Boveirehi, Nader, Mahnaz Mirza Ebrahim Tehrani, Seyed Ali Jozi, and Mahsa Bakhshaei. "An Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Caused by the Fire of Strategic Diesel Tanks and Providing an Environmental Management Plan Based on the McKinsey 7S Model." Archives of Hygiene Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ahs.12.4.2.424.
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Background & Aims: Storage tanks for crude oil and petroleum products are always prone to various accidents such as fire and explosion. Depending on the volume and content of these tanks, these incidents can lead to environmental consequences. Ahvaz oil field is considered the third largest oil field in the world with many storage tanks. The present research was conducted to evaluate the emission of greenhouse gases caused by the fire of strategic diesel tanks in the Shahid Almasi field and provide an environmental management plan based on the McKinsey method in 2022. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the risks of fire and tank explosion accidents were identified and evaluated in the field based on the hazard analysis and operation management (HAZOP) method. The technical information on the reservoirs was obtained from the National Iranian South Oil Company. The emission coefficients of the main greenhouse gases (CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O) were based on the OAQPS standard, and the global warming potential was calculated in the scenarios according to Flessa et al. Then, the McKinsey 7S method was used to evaluate the state of environmental management. The validity and reliability of the McKinsey Questionnaire were assessed by the content method and Cronbach’s alpha method, respectively, using SPSS 19. Results: The explosion of strategic fuel tanks due to an attack, wall decay, and human error with priority of 200, 168, and 120 were the most important risks of fuel storage. The results of the greenhouse gas emissions analysis due to accidents showed that the total global warming potential (GWP) for the fire of diesel tanks in the Koreyt Camp of Ahvaz is 8277143 kg of CO2 equivalent. The results of a gap analysis by the McKinsey method also revealed that the lowest average score was related to the strategy dimension (3.67), and the highest efficiency was related to the system dimension (4.82). Conclusion: The occurrence of an accident for diesel storage tanks in the Koreyt Camp complex in the Ahvaz oil field led to significant environmental effects such as the release of air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
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FUJITSU, Hiroshi, Kinya SAKANISHI, and Isao MOCHIDA. "Characterization of sludges in crude oil storage tanks." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 29, no. 6 (1986): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.29.482.
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CHEN, Zhiping. "STRESS ANALYSIS ON LARGE UNANCHORED OIL STORAGE TANKS." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 42, no. 11 (2006): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2006.11.206.
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Shaluf, Ibrahim M., and Salim Abdulla. "An overview on ADCO crude oil storage tanks." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 19, no. 3 (June 22, 2010): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653561011052538.
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Atagana, Harrison Ifeanyichukwu. "Microbiological profile of crude oil in storage tanks." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 41, no. 3 (July 1996): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00419748.
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Leuchtle, Bernd, Wei Xie, Thiemo Zambanini, Simon Eiden, Winfried Koch, Klaus Lucka, Martin Zimmermann, and Lars M. Blank. "Microbial challenges for domestic heating oil storage tanks." Engineering in Life Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 9, 2016): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201500127.
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Fan, Lu, Xiaoying Chen, Yong Wan, and Yongshou Dai. "Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing Storage Tank Detection Methods Based on Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (May 7, 2023): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092460.
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Since the Industrial Revolution, methane has become the second most important greenhouse gas component after CO2 and the second most important culprit of global warming, leading to serious climate change problems such as droughts, fires, floods, and glacial melting. While most of the methane in the atmosphere comes from emissions from energy activities such as petroleum refining, storage tanks are an important source of methane emissions during the extraction and processing of crude oil and natural gas. Therefore, the use of high-resolution remote sensing image data for oil and gas production sites to achieve efficient and accurate statistics for storage tanks is important to promote the strategic goals of “carbon neutrality and carbon peaking”. Compared with traditional statistical methods for studying oil storage tanks, deep learning-based target detection algorithms are more powerful for multi-scale targets and complex background conditions. In this paper, five deep learning detection algorithms, Faster RCNN, YOLOv5, YOLOv7, RetinaNet and SSD, were selected to conduct experiments on 3568 remote sensing images from five different datasets. The results show that the average accuracy of the Faster RCNN, YOLOv5, YOLOv7 and SSD algorithms is above 0.84, and the F1 scores of YOLOv5, YOLOv7 and SSD algorithms are above 0.80, among which the highest detection accuracy is shown by the SSD algorithm at 0.897 with a high F1 score, while the lowest average accuracy is shown by RetinaNet at only 0.639. The training results of the five algorithms were validated on three images containing differently sized oil storage tanks in complex backgrounds, and the validation results obtained were better, providing more accurate references for practical detection applications in remote sensing of oil storage tank targets in the future.
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Sierikova, Olena, Elena Strelnikova, Denys Kriutchenko, and Vasil Gnitko. "Reducing Environmental Hazards of Prismatic Storage Tanks under Vibrations." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 21 (December 31, 2022): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2022.21.27.
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Regular operation, pre-repair and repair work on tanks, as well as outflows of oil products and other flammable liquids under the influence of seismic loads, fires and explosions on tanks are the source of technogenic impact on the environment. Therefore, the influence treatment of the fluctuations and vibrations on the storage tanks for environmentally hazardous liquids and the assessment of reducing the load on nature is a very relevant scientific and practical issue to improve the environmental safety of areas adjacent to the tanks. This paper treats free and forced liquid vibrations in prismatic tanks filled with an incompressible ideal liquid. The developed method allows us to estimate the level of the free surface elevation in prismatic tanks under suddenly enclosed loadings. The proposed method makes it possible to determine a suitable place with a proper height for installation of the baffles in tanks by using numerical simulation and thus shortening the expensive field experiments. The proposed approach could be applied to various environmentally hazardous liquids. This will increase the environmental safety level of the territories adjacent to stationary tanks with environmentally hazardous liquid. It will also be possible to prevent emergencies.
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Semerak, M., T. Hlova, B. Hlova, and O. Petruchenko. "Investigation of parameters of leakage of toxic and explosive substances and gases under the action of high pressure from tanks of the special purpose during." Military Technical Collection, no. 25 (December 21, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.25.2021.49-53.
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Tanks for the storage of oil products and toxic substances in warehouses are the main ones. They can be in the form of separate tanks or a group of tanks. The most widespread are vertical steel tanks with a stationary roof that a placed in open areas. The tanks heat up, and the intensity of evaporation of the oil product increases in case of fire. If there is a permanent roof, the pressure in the tank will increase. If the capacity of the breathing valves is less than the intensity of evaporation then there is a risk of explosion. Explosions in the tank often lead to the separation of the bottom, and the side cylindrical surface and the roof fly away instantly, spilling oil on neighboring tanks and the territory of the tank’s park. Then the combustion area increases intensively. The destruction of the integrity of the tank, due to the separation of the bottom, contributes to temperature and power stresses, the value of which increases with increasing temperature of their heating and increasing pressure, respectively. The values of temperature stresses are added to the power stresses caused by pressure, and when the critical value is reached, destruction occurs.
In the article by the method of mathematical modeling using the laws of thermodynamics and mechanics of liquids and gases, analytical dependences for research of parameters of leakage of toxic substances and gases at action of high pressure from capacities at their storage are received. Saint-Venant’s principle was used to model the gas flow rate process. The dependence of the duration of gas leakage from special purpose tanks at the change of the area of the emergency hole and the pressure drop is obtained. The obtained results allow determining the velocity and mass flow rate of the gas depending on the area of the hole, the time flow, and the difference of pressure. Therefore, the task of research the emergency situations of engineering cylindrical tanks under the influence of temperature and pressure, which leads to the spillage of toxic substances and gassiness is actual. The researches results are presented graphically.
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Mashiyane, Themba, Lagouge Tartibu, and Smith Salifu. "Assessment of Buckling Failure in Oil Storage Tanks: Finite Element Simulation of Combined Internal and External Pressure Scenarios." Science, Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54327/set2024/v4.i1.139.
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Investigating the structural behaviour and buckling susceptibility of cylindrical oil storage tanks is crucial for ensuring their safe and reliable operation. In this study, the structural behaviour and buckling susceptibility of closed roof-top cylindrical oil storage tanks under combined internal and external pressure scenarios were investigated using the finite element analysis (FEA) technique. By utilizing the FEA technique, the combined effect of wind-induced pressure of 250 Pa, applied on the outer surface of the tank and internal pressure of 0.5 MPa, applied on the outer surface of the storage was analysed. The result reveals significant stress concentrations and deformation patterns, particularly on the windward side of the tank, thus, emphasizing the susceptibility of the storage tank to buckling under the specified operating conditions for both the filled and half-filled tank; with internal pressure emerging as the primary contributor to mechanical strain and deformation experienced in the tank, while the wind load plays a secondary but significant role in the deformation of the tank. The fe-safe predicted useful life shows that under the specified operating conditions, the filled storage tank will survive 1 429 hours (2 months) while the half-filled tank will survive 3 551 hours (5 months) before failure due to buckling. Thus, the useful life estimation results show the importance of varying oil levels and operating conditions in the structural assessments of storage tanks.
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Araki, Susumu, Wataru Kunimatsu, Shunyo Kitaguchi, Shun Iwasaki, and Shin-ichi Aoki. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BORE WAVE PRESSURE ACTING ON STORAGE TANK." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.44.
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Storage tanks located in coastal areas can be damaged by tsunami. The damage can lead a spill of gas or oil, which cause an extensive fire. Another huge tsunami triggered by earthquake is predicted to strike Japan in the near future. Therefore, tsunami wave load acting on storage tanks has to be investigated. The authors have investigated the characteristics of tsunami wave load acting on a storage tank (Araki et al., 2017a; 2017b). In this study, bore wave pressure acting on a cylindrical storage tank was measured. The characteristic of the pressure was discussed.
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Karaeva, J. V., V. O. Zdor, A. I. Kadyirov, and E. V. Shamsutdinov. "Jet mixing when heating oil and fuel oil in storage tanks." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401047.
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This paper presents the research results of jet mixing and heating processes of crude oil of the Zachebashskoe field (Republic of Tatarstan) and fuel oil M100 in a tank with a capacity of 2000 m3. Circulation systems with nozzle inclination in the range from -25° up to 125° are considered. The presence and washing out of bottom sediments in the tank are modeled. The time required for removing the bottom sediments and for heating the tank to the optimum temperature is determined. The best heating for the tank with oil and fuel oil was observed at the nozzle inclination in the range from -25° up to 60°. The optimal nozzle inclination was 115° for washing out the bottom sediments in the oil tank. To remove sediment in a tank with fuel oil it is recommended to use the same nozzle inclinations as for heating.
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Levitin, R. E., and S. A. Leontiev. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE GAS SPACE OF OIL STORAGE TANKS." Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 6 (December 21, 2023): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-6-51-59.
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Vertical steel tanks are a significant part of the main oil pipelines in terms of cost, purpose, and environmental impact. More than 30 % of vertical steel tanks will never be equipped with pontoons and floating roofs, but will be equipped with breathing valves, which are an ineffective means of reducing losses. The creation of excess pressure in the gas space of the tank requires control over it, while for tanks that have been in operation for a long time, a decrease in excess pressure and vacuum is allowed due to leakage of individual tank components. During the study, experiments were carried out to determine the change in pressure on 6 model tanks with a changing and stable filling level. As a result, it was revealed that it is necessary to analyze the change in pressure in the gas space of the reservoir by the operating organization online. This will allow timely detection of deviations in the operation of the tank and take the necessary action.
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Zeynab Abdullayeva, Zeynab Abdullayeva. "REMOVAL OF HIGH-MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS UNDER ACTION OF BAF-1 REAGENT INCLUDED BY DEPOSITS DURING STORAGE OF TRANSPORTED OIL IN TANKS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 13, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 04–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei13022022-04.
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Sedimentation occurs during storage and transportation of all produced oil, which leads to a reduction in the effective capacity of tanks, corrosion spills, difficulty in checking the condition of the tank, a large amount of oil loss and, most importantly, changes in the composition of oil. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the volume of the fraction during oil refining. In order to effectively combat sediment formation, it is necessary to determine its essence, as well as the basic laws of this process. One of the most important problems in the operation of tanks is their cleaning. During long-term operation, sediment accumulates at the bottom of the tanks, which reduces their useful volume and complicates their operation. Sedimentation in tanks is due to the separation of solid phases in the oil and its subsequent deposition. This is a natural and necessary process that is directly related to the increase in the concentration of heavy components - asphaltene, resin, paraffn in the total volume of oil during the mixing of different oils. On the other hand, the separation of the solid phase depends on the physical and chemical properties of the oil, temperature and a number of other factors, and the intensity of accumulation depends on the design and maintenance characteristics of the tank. During long-term storage of oils of different densities and viscosities, depending on the constantly changing temperature regime of storage conditions, sediment accumulates at the bottom and walls of the tank and is unevenly distributed over the area. Its relative thickness is observed in areas far from the intake and distribution pipes, which does not allow to more accurately determine the actual amount of oil in the tank. Over time, the sediment thickens; washing is difficult in some areas, and sometimes not at all. To ensure efficient and reliable operation of the tanks it is important to regularly clean them of accumulated sediment. One of the most important problems in the operation of tanks is their cleaning. During long-term operation, sediment accumulates at the bottom of the tanks, which reduces their useful volume and complicates their operation. Sedimentation in tanks is due to the separation of solid phases in the oil and its subsequent deposition. Manual cleaning of tanks from oil sludge is a fairly common method of cleaning. First of all, this method is used to clean small tanks. When cleaning the tanks in this way, the tank is first steamed, then washed at a temperature of 30-50 ° C and a pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa. The device used for pumping water consists of a pump and an ejector. The washing water is pumped along with the oil sludge. The solid sediment and sand are removed with a shovel, a shovel and a bucket. Cleaning of tanks from sediments is a dangerous labor-intensive work and requires considerable material costs. Even the most advanced chemical-mechanized treatment method does not eliminate human manual labor and requires preparation for the installation of additional equipment, as the main problem in technological and commercial tanks is the formation of high-molecular asphaltene and resin paraffin compounds in oils. The component composition of asphaltene-resin-paraffin sediments (ARPS) varies widely over a single oil recovery region, even within a single field. Knowing the composition of ARPS is of practical importance in determining the optimal methods of combating them, or more precisely in the selection of chemical reagents. A 1:1:1 mixture of all three sediments conventionally called BAF-1. the coordination polymer was injected and expelled until a dry residue was obtained (450-600 °C) and the sample was cooled and RFA analyzed. In order to prevent the formation of coagulants, it is important to pre-inject anticoagulant into the oil mass in the tank, which can successfully perform this task with the reagent we offer. As for the cleaning (washing) of the already formed sediments, the proposed reagent can break down large coagulants (associations) and ensure their re-dissolution in the oil mass. Keywords: asphaltene, resin, paraffin, associate, Balakhani, Bulla, Diogenes, BAF-1.
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Ji, Da Wei, Li Xin Wei, and Xiao Yan Li. "Deformation Characteristic Evaluation of Large Oil Storage Tanks under the Planar Inclined Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.786.
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Oil storage tank plays an important role in modern oil industry. The development of large-scale oil storage tanks has resulted in the complexity of stress distribution and deformation situation of tank wall and tank bottom. Especially in soft foundations, the tank structure is susceptible to various types of settlement deflections. The most common type is planar inclined foundation. In this paper, the finite element model of large-scale oil storage tank was built according to the pattern of design and the deformation characteristic and stress distribution of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation was obtained. Considering the floating roof, the ultimate value of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation is determined.
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NASONOVA, S. S. "OPTIMAL DESIGN OF OIL TANKS ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC CRITERIA WITH CONSIDERATION OF RELIABILITY." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 6 (January 14, 2023): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.271222.73.913.
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Problem statement. According to state regulations, the main method of ensuring the reliability of steel vertical above-ground tanks for long-term storage of oil and petroleum products is the limit states method. This method ensures the reliability of tanks under the conditions and modes of operation envisaged by the relevant standards. However, issues relating to the reliability of tanks whose service life exceeds the normative one, as well as the economic efficiency of project decisions, require further scientific study. In this article, in accordance with the normative documents regulating the oil tanks design, the general method of oil storage tanks optimal design according to the criterion of minimum total expected costs while ensuring the required reliability level during a specified operation period is considered. Within the framework of this methodology, a model of optimal tanks design is formulated and an algorithm for its numerical realization is proposed. The results of numerical experiments using this model are given. The dependence of the rational values of the structural elements thickness for the tank with a volume of 5 000 cubic meters on the required level of reliability is investigated. The purpose of the article is to develop a method of making economically justified design decisions that ensure the required reliability level of oil tanks during a specified operation period, taking into account the current design standards. Conclusions. This article proposes an optimal oil tank design model formulated in terms of a non-linear mathematical programming problem with integer variables. With this model, rational design decisions can be made based on the criterion of the minimum total expected costs while ensuring the required reliability level during a specified operation period. The components of this model are the calculation models for assessing the reliability of the tanks, the parameters of which are determined based on the available results of statistical data processing from field surveys of similar objects. A special “greedy” algorithm was developed for the numerical realization of the proposed optimal design model. The obtained results show, in particular, that ensuring the oil tanks reliability is mainly related to ensuring the strength of the two lower wall belts and the tightness of the bottom. At the same time, the strength of the 1st belt has a key role. All this is in good agreement with the available data of field surveys and statistics of oil tanks capital repairs, which confirms the reliability of the obtained results.
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Korneev, Vyacheslav S., Sergei G. Aksenov, Fanus K. Sinagatullin, and Arseniy V. Permyakov. "FIRE SAFETY ANALYSIS IN A TANK FARM." Oil and Gas Business, no. 2 (May 19, 2023): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2023-2-50-68.
Full textAbstract:
One of the urgent problems at oil-producing enterprises is the increase in man-made accidents and catastrophes caused by explosions of various oil and gas equipment, including tanks storing explosive, toxic petroleum products and raw materials.This article analyzes the accident statistics at oil and gas enterprises for the period 1953–2022. The main share of accidents belongs to ground tanks with storage of petroleum products. The main cause of accidents on tanks are poor-quality welds. The fire risk of the tank farm has been calculated, namely, an assessment of the individual and potential risk of the tank farm territory has been made. The calculation of forces and means for tank extinguishing has been carried out.