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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oil well'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Mishra, Nekkhil. "Investigation of hole cleaning parameters using computational fluid dynamics in horizontal and deviated wells." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5111.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 65 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).
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2

Kaparthi, Prashanth. "Kinematic synthesis of a well service machine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2244.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
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3

Wang, Hong. "Near wellbore stress analysis for wellbore strengthening." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338926861&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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4

Serra, Kelsen Valente. "Well testing for solution gas drive reservoirs /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8811978.

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5

Camacho-Velázquez, Rodolfo Gabriel. "Well performance under solution gas drive /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1987. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8720613.

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6

Ozkan, Erdal. "Performance of horizontal wells /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8825498.

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7

FEITAL, RAFAEL JOSE CAVALIERI. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF OIL WELL PLUGGING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26280@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O tamponamento de poços de petróleo é analisado numericamente. Neste processo, um fluido mais denso (pasta de cimento) é colocado sobre outro menos denso (fluido de perfuração) em um poço vertical, resultando em uma situação de instabilidade. O escoamento resultante foi estudado de forma a avaliar se o isolamento do poço ocorreria até o momento da cura do cimento (entre 4 e 5 horas). O cimento foi modelado como fluido não-newtoniano e o fluido de perfuração foi considerado newtoniano em alguns casos e não-newtoniano nos demais casos. A solução do escoamento foi obtida numericamente, usando-se o programa ANSYS Fluent. As equações de conservação são resolvidas empregando-se o Método dos Volumes Finitos e o escoamento multifásico foi modelado utilizando-se o método Volume de Fluido. O comportamento viscoplástico não-newtoniano foi modelado empregando a equação constitutiva do fluido newtoniano generalizado, com a função de viscosidade Herschel-Bulkley. O sucesso da operação foi determinado pela combinação dos parâmetros reológicos e geométricos. O efeito dos parâmetros como a razão entre densidades e viscosidades foi investigado para uma geometria fixa (razão fixa entre o comprimento do tampão e o seu diâmetro). Além disso, a influência dessa mesma razão no processo também foi analisada enquanto outros parâmetros foram mantidos fixos. Foi demonstrado que o escoamento é muito instável e que os parâmetros estudados afetam consideravelmente a operação.
The plugging process of an oil well was analyzed numerically. In this process, the denser fluid is the cement plug, which was placed above the drilling fluid in a vertical well, resulting in an unstable situation. The cement plug was modeled as non-Newtonian and the drilling fluid was considered Newtonian in some cases and non-Newtonian in other cases. The flow solution is studied using the ANSYS Fluent program. The conservation equations were solved using the Finite Volume Method, and the multiphase flow was modeled with the Volume of Fluid method. The non-Newtonian viscoplastic behavior of the cement plug was modeled with the Generalized Newtonian Fluid constitutive equation, with the Herschel-Bulkley viscosity function. The success of the operation was determined by the combination of the governing rheological and geometric parameters. The effect of the governing parameters, such as the density ratio and the viscosity ratio, were investigated for a fixed geometry and a fixed ratio between the cement plug length and diameter. Furthermore, the influence of this ratio in the process was also analyzed while others governing parameters were fixed. It was shown that the flow is highly unstable, and that the governing parameters considerably affect the operation.
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8

Sanni, Moshood Olajide. "Well test analysis in volatile oil reservoirs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8716.

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This thesis discusses characterization of volatile oil reservoirs using well test analysis. For this purpose, typical well test behaviours were simulated with a one-dimensional single well compositional reservoir model, for different production rates; fluid composition and relative permeability curves, with bottomhole pressures above and below the bubble point pressure. It was found that, when the bottomhole pressure falls below the bubble point pressure during a drawdown, a high gas saturation zone is created around the wellbore with two-phase (oil and gas) flow, whereas single phase (oil) with the initial gas saturation remains away from the wellbore. During the subsequent build up, the gas created around the wellbore during the preceding drawdown condenses into the oil and the saturation in the near-wellbore region returns to the initial gas saturation. The log-log pressure-derivative behaviours below the bubble point correspond to a twozone radial composite model, with decreasing mobility during drawdowns and increasing mobilities during build ups. The log-log pressure derivative plot of the build up reflects oil mobility distribution of the reservoir at the end of the preceding drawdown. Knowledge obtained from the study was applied to the analysis of a well test in an actual volatile oil reservoir. Analysis results were validated with compositional reservoir simulation that included the effect of capillary number and non-Darcy flow. Finally, factors affecting well deliverability in volatile oil reservoirs producing at flowing bottomhole pressure below bubble point pressure were studied. The result shows that end point relative permeability of oil phase and oil fluid composition are the most important factors affecting productivity of volatile oil reservoirs producing below bubble point pressure. This study suggests in volatile oil reservoirs, both vertical hydraulic fractures and horizontal wells are best implemented early in the wells life to delay the time when the flowing bottomhole pressure drops below the bubble point pressure, hence improving ultimate recovery.
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9

Onur, Mustafa. "New well testing applications of the pressure derivative /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8917500.

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10

Feitosa, Gilvan Soares. "Well test analysis for heterogenous reservoirs /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9330022.

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11

Sobbi, Farhad Aschar. "Well testing of naturally fractured reservoirs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1481.

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12

Hue, Yik-Kiong. "Analysis of electromagnetic well-logging tools." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1143053776.

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13

Carrasco-Teja, Mariana. "Primary cementing of a highly deviated oil well." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17466.

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In this thesis we study laminar displacement flows of one fluid by another in a horizontal annulus. The study comes from the primary cementing of highly deviated oil and gas wells. Highly deviated wells are those in which part of the well bore is nearly horizontal. Primary cementing is a critical process in the construction of a well. The objective is to provide zonal isolation, i.e., a hydraulic seal between the well and the surrounding rock. This is essential to protect the environment and increase the productivity of the well. Therefore, an understanding of the process is indispensable. We model primary cementing displacement flows using a Hele-Shaw approach, and provide simple scientific tools to improve the design of cementing jobs. The contribution of the thesis comes in three parts. Firstly, we analyse the displacement of one viscoplastic fluid by another in a near-horizontal eccentric annulus with a fixed inner pipe. We present examples that illustrate the differences between vertical and horizontal displacements. We then derive a 1D lubrication model which gives analytical conditions that predict when the flow will stratify, according to the fluid properties and the annulus geometry. Secondly, we derive a 2D displacement model for Newtonian fluids which includes rotation and reciprocation of the inner cylinder. This is a common practice in the industry and not well understood. Using an asymptotic approach, we find steady-state traveling wave solutions for nearly- flat interfaces. Then we use numerical simulations to understand the flow dynamics for more elongated interfaces. In particular, we show that casing rotation can lead to local instabilities and mixing, which can shorten the length of the interface. Finally, we generalise this moving casing model to viscoplastic fluids. Using a lubrication- type model we explore the effects of casing motion, again deriving conditions for there to be steady solutions.
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14

CHIEZA, CAROLINA PONTES. "DIAGNOSTICS OF OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS DURING OIL WELL DRILLING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19161@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A perfuração de poços de petróleo é uma operação complexa e de elevado risco e custo financeiro. Com o passar dos anos o número de poços horizontais e de longo alcance perfurados aumentou consideravelmente devido à existência de reservatórios mais profundos e de difícil acesso, além da necessidade de se obter uma melhor eficiência na extração do petróleo. Juntamente com este aumento na complexidade da perfuração surgiram problemas operacionais que, por muitas vezes, não são identificados e acabam sendo responsáveis pela maior parte do tempo não produtivo da operação elevando, assim, seus custos diários. Logo, o estudo destes problemas é de extrema importância para se garantir condições seguras de operação, além de contribuir para a otimização da mesma, mitigação dos efeitos causados e uma maior rapidez e eficácia nas tomadas de decisões. O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de identificação de problemas operacionais a fim de otimizar a perfuração de poços, através da utilização de recursos computacionais, para gerar análises de previsão de torque, arraste e hidráulica e, posterior, comparação com os dados de perfuração obtidos, em tempo real, dos sensores de mudlogging e da ferramenta de PWD. A caracterização dos problemas foi realizada com base nos dados reais de poços horizontais, perfurados na Bacia de Campos, mediante a identificação de possíveis desvios importantes, que não estavam previstos, nos parâmetros de perfuração. Através da retro-análise dos dados de perfuração dos poços foi possível diagnosticar alguns problemas operacionais ocorridos durante esta operação, tais como: perda de circulação, prisão da coluna de perfuração, washout no tubo de perfuração e dificuldade de avanço causada por uma limpeza deficiente, pelo enceramento da broca e pela vibração na coluna de perfuração. Além disso, foram destacados também alguns exemplos que mostraram variações na tendência do torque em função de mudança na litologia do poço.
Drilling is a complex and a high risk process which involves high financial cost. Over the years the number of horizontal wells and extended reach wells increased, due to the existence of deeper reservoirs, which are more difficult to access, in addition to the need of having an improvement in the oil production efficiency. Along with this increased complexity of drilling, unidentified operational problems end up being responsible for most of the non-productive time and daily cost increase. Thus, analyzing such problems it is very important to ensure safe operating conditions, optimize drilling operation, control causes/effects and have a faster and efficient decision-making capability. This paper presents a methodology to identify operational problems in order to optimize drilling operation using computer resources to predict torque, drag and hydraulic effects and later on to compare with the drilling data obtained in real time from mudlogging sensors and PWD (Pressure While Drilling). Cases were based on real time data from horizontal wells drilled in Campos Basis, Rio de Janeiro, and the problems were identified with unforeseen changes in drilling parameters trend. After studying the available well data, it was possible to diagnose several operational problems occurred during drilling, such as: lost circulation, stuck pipe, drill pipe washout and difficulty in drilling due to a poor hole cleaning, bit balling and drill string stick-slip vibration. In addition, it was also highlighted some examples that showed variations in the torque trend due to lithology changes.
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15

Alkaragoolee, Mohammed Y. A. "Hybrid Modelling and Optimisation of Oil Well Drillstrings." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16859.

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The failure of oil well drillstrings due to torsional and longitudinal stresses caused by stick-slip phenomena during the drilling operation causes great expense to industry. Due to the complicated and harsh drilling environment, modelling of the drillstring becomes an essential requirement in studies. Currently, this is achieved by modelling the drillstring as a torsional lumped model (which ignores the length of the drillstring) for real-time measurement and control. In this thesis, a distributed-lumped model including the effects of drillstring length was developed to represent the drillstring, and was used to simulate stick-slip vibration. The model was developed with increasing levels of detail and the resultant models were validated against typical measured signals from the published literature. The stick-slip model describes the friction model that exists between the cutting tool and the rock. Based on theoretical analysis and mathematical formulation an efficient and adaptable model was created which was then used in the application of a method of species conserving genetic algorithm (SCGA) to optimise the drilling parameters. In conclusion, it was shown that the distributed-lumped model showed improved detail in predicting the transient response and demonstrated the importance of including the drillstring length. Predicting the response of different parameters along the drillstring is now possible and this showed the significant effect of modelling the drillcollar. The model was shown to better represent real system and was therefore far more suited to use with real time measurements.
Iraqi Government, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
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16

PICARD, NICOLAS. "DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL HYDRAULICS FOR OIL WELL DRILLING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1025637714.

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17

Whaballa, Ala. "Reservoir simulation and well testing of compartmentalized reservoirs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1493.

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18

Araque-Martinez, Aura N. "Modeling the effects of geochemistry on well impairment." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008267.

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19

Hatzignatiou, Dimitrios Georgios. "Advances in well testing for solution-gas-drive reservoirs /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9033497.

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20

Chen, Guanlu. "Calculation of well productivity by analytical and numerical simulators." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1313.

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21

Hernæs, Marthe Pernille Voltersvik. "Human related root causes behind oil well drilling accidents." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20384.

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Many accident investigation techniques and other methods used by the petroleum industry today list a set of underlying human related causes and subsequent improvement suggestions. Do these techniques address the root cause behind the problem so that the appropriate initiatives can be implemented? The focus of the present thesis was to determine the human related root cause of two major accidents in the North Sea. This in order to give recommendations to improve the safety levels in the organisation. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, the IPT Knowledge Model was adapted to the given accidents. The data input into the model was based on interpreted observations from former investigation reports. The analysis of the blowout on Snorre A and the well control incident on Gullfaks C resulted in 49 and 63 observations respectively. For both accidents, the Human Factor that was indicated to have the largest affect on the accidents was Training and Competency (29% for Snorre A and 19% for Gullfaks C). Lack of competence was indicated as the majority subclass. Collectively, management and supervision, or lack thereof, was also indicated as being a contributing factor to the accidents. These final results coincide with the findings in other investigation reports. However, these are more acute, indicating a specific area of improvement within the company. By increasing the competency levels within the company and ensuring that the leaders and management have the proper tools to follow-up their employees and their operations, the safety levels and culture will improve.
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22

Abdollahi, Jafar. "Analysing Complex Oil Well Problems through Case-Based Reasoning." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1702.

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The history of oil well engineering applications has revealed that the frequent operational problems are still common in oil well practice. Well blowouts, stuck pipes, well leakages are examples of the repeated problems in the oil well engineering industry. The main reason why these unwanted problems are unavoidable can be the complexity and uncertainties of the oil well processes. Unforeseen problems happen again and again, because they are not fully predictable, which could be due to lack of sufficient data or improper modelling to simulate the real conditions in the process. Traditional mathematical models have not been able to totally eliminate unwanted oil well problems because of the many involved simplifications, uncertainties, and incomplete information. This research work proposes a new approach and breakthrough for overcoming these challenges. The main objective of this study is merging two scientific fields; artificial intelligence and petroleum engineering in order to implement a new methodology.

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Model-Based Reasoning (MBR), two branches of the artificial intelligence science, are applied for solving complex oil well problems. There are many CBR and MBR modelling tools which are generally used for different applications for implementing and demonstrating CBR and MBR methodologies; however, in this study, the Creek system which combines CBR and MBR has been utilized as a framework. One specific challenging task related to oil well engineering has been selected to exemplify and examine the methodology. To select a correct candidate for this application was a challenging step by itself. After testing many different issues in the oil well engineering, a well integrity issue has been chosen for the context. Thus, 18 leaking wells, production and injection wells, from three different oil fields have been analysed in depth. Then, they have been encoded and stored as cases in an ontology model given the name Wellogy.

The challenges related to well integrity issues are a growing concern. Many oil wells have been reported with annulus gas leaks (called internal leaks) on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) area. Interventions to repair the leaking wells or closing and abandoning wells have led to: high operating cost, low overall oil recovery, and in some cases unsafe operation. The reasons why leakages occur can be different, and finding the causes is a very complex task. For gas lift and gas injection wells the integrity of the well is often compromised. As the pressure of the hydrocarbon reserves decreases, particularly in mature fields, the need for boosting increases. Gas is injected into the well either to lift the oil in the production well or to maintain pressure in the reservoir from the injection well. The challenge is that this gas can lead to breakdown of the well integrity and cause leakages. However, as there are many types of leakages that can occur and due to their complexity it can be hard to find the cause or causal relationships. For this purpose, a new methodology, the Creek tool, which combines CBR and MBR is applied to investigate the reasons for the leakages. Creek is basically a CBR system, but it also includes MBR methods.

In addition to the well integrity cases, two complex cases (knowledge-rich cases) within oil well engineering have also been studied and analysed through the research work which is part of the PhD. The goal here is to show how the knowledge stored in two cases can be extracted for the CBR application.

A model comprising general knowledge (well-known rules and theories) and specific knowledge (stored in cases) has been developed. The results of the Wellogy model show that the CBR methodology can automate reasoning in addition to human reasoning through solving complex and repeated oil well problems. Moreover, the methodology showed that the valuable knowledge gained through the solved cases can be sustained and whenever it is needed, it can be retrieved and reused. The model has been verified for unsolved cases by evaluating case-matching results. The model gives elaborated explanations of the unsolved cases through the building of causal relationships. The model also facilitates knowledge acquisition and learning curves through its growing case base.

The study showed that building a CBR model is a rather time-consuming process due to four reasons:

1. Finding appropriate cases for the CBR application is not straightforward

2. Challenges related to constructing cases when transforming reported information to symbolic entities

3. Lack of defined criteria for amount of information (number of findings) for cases

4. Incomplete data and information to fully describe problems of the cases at the knowledge level

In this study only 12 solved cases (knowledge-rich cases) have been built in the Wellogy model. More cases (typically hundreds for knowledge-lean cases and around 50 for knowledge-rich cases) would be required to have a robust and efficient CBR model. As the CBR methodology is a new approach for solving complex oil well problems (research and development phase), additional research work is necessary for both areas, i.e. developing CBR frameworks (user interfaces) and building CBR models (core of CBR). Feasibility studies should be performed for implemented CBR models in order to use them in real oil field operations. So far, the existing Wellogy model has showed some benefits in terms of; representing the knowledge of leaking well cases in the form of an ontology, retrieving solved cases, and reusing pervious cases.

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Huang, Xiaoguang. "Limit state design of oil and gas well casings." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/99757.

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24

BOMFIM, GABRIEL ALCANTARA. "MODELING OIL WELL PRODUCTION START DATE USING FUZZY INFERENCE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29924@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A previsão de produção é uma das etapas mais críticas do planejamento de curto prazo das empresas de exploração e produção de petróleo. O volume de petróleo que será produzido, denominado meta de produção, influencia diretamente todas as ações das empresas e tem crítico impacto em relação ao mercado. Percebe-se, portanto, a importância da aplicação de modelos que permitam considerar incertezas e avaliar o risco destas previsões. Esta modelagem estocástica tem sido realizada através de um modelo de simulação que considera quatro dimensões de variáveis: Potencial Produtivo Instalado, Entrada de Novos Poços, Parada Programada para Manutenção e Eficiência Operacional. Dentre as dimensões do modelo, a Entrada de Novos Poços é uma das mais sensíveis ao resultado final da previsão por apresentar grande incerteza. Desse modo, este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um sistema de inferência fuzzy para prever a data de entrada em produção de poços de petróleo. O sistema é concebido integrado ao modelo de simulação visando aumentar a sua precisão. Os resultados mostram que o sistema de inferência fuzzy é aplicável à previsão da entrada de novos poços e que o seu uso eleva a acurácia das previsões de produção.
Production forecasting is one of the most critical stages in short-term planning in upstream oil companies. The oil volume that will be produced, called production target, directly influences all companies actions and impact critically their market image. Therefore, it is noticed the importance of using models to consider uncertainties to evaluate production forecasting risks. This stochastic approach has been done through a simulation model which consider four dimensions of variables: installed production potential, new wells entry, scheduled maintenance program, and operational efficiency. Among those dimensions, the new wells entry is one of the most sensitive to the simulation results, because of its high degree of uncertainty. Thus, this work aims to develop a fuzzy inference system to forecast the new wells production start date. The system is designed integrated to the simulation model in order to increase its accuracy. The results show that the fuzzy inference system can be used to forecast wells production start date and its use increases oil production forecasting accuracy.
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25

Johnson, Erik D. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "High-energy photon transport modeling for oil-well logging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53266.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).
Nuclear oil well logging tools utilizing radioisotope sources of photons are used ubiquitously in oilfields throughout the world. Because of safety and security concerns, there is renewed interest in shifting to electronically-switchable accelerator sources. Investigation of accelerator sources opens up the opportunity to study higher-energy sources. In this thesis, sources with a 10 MeV endpoint are examined, a several-fold increase over traditional techniques. The properties of high-energy photon transport are investigated for potential new or improved well logging measurements. Two obvious processes available with a high-energy photon source are pair production and photo neutron emission. A new measurement of formation density is proposed based on the annihilation radiation produced after the pair production of high-energy source photons in the rock formation. With a detector spacing of 55 cm, this measurement exhibits a sensitivity to density with a dynamic range of 10 across a typical range of formation density (2.0 - 3.0 g/cc), the same as traditional measurements. Increases in depth of investigation for these measurements can substantially improve the sampling of the formation and thus the quality and relevance of the measurement. Being distributed in angle and space throughout the formation, a measurement based on anni-hilation photons exhibits a greater depth of investigation than traditional methods. For a detector spacing of 39 cm (equivalent to a typical spacing for one detector in traditional approaches), this measurement has a depth of investigation of 8.0 cm while the traditional measurement has a depth of investigation of 3.6 cm.
(cont.) For the 55 cm spacing, this depth is increased to 9.4 cm. Concerns remain for how to implement an accelerator source in which energy spectroscopy, essential for identifying an annihilation peak, is possible. Because pair production also depends on formation lithology, the effects of chemical composition on annihilation photon flux are small (<20 %) for the studied geometry. Additionally, lithology measurements based on attenuation at high energies show too small an effect to be likely to produce a useful measurement. Photoneutron production cross sections at this energy are too small to obtain a measurement based on this process.
by Eric D. Johnson.
Ph.D.
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26

Abbas, Rafid Kadhim. "Analysis of the wear of oil well drill bits." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12064/.

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Predicting the wear of drill bits is essential for all oil companies to maximise drilling efficiency and reduce loss in money and time. Typically, this problem has been dealt with by evaluating the specific energy of the drill bits at drilling formation intervals. Although this technique sometimes provides a good indication of the bit tooth wear, a number of phenomena such as bit balling and high vibration of the drill bit might give misleading results that affect the reliability of these techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective predictive tool for the bit tooth wear rate by both experimental and theoretical approaches. A case study is presented for the evaluation of the specific energy combined with dimensionless drilling parameters method as indicating tools for monitoring the wear of the roller-cone bits. The results were compared with the qualitative tooth wear index of the bits and an agreement was found for limited cases. The case study did not include the mechanical properties of the materials that form the bit, therefore a wear model was needed to combine the drilling parameters with the mechanical properties of the materials forming the bit under the phenomena of three body abrasion where the drill bits are in reality facing this effect. The new formula for quantifying the bit tooth wear is presented and compared with the qualitative bit tooth wear index, where close matching was obtained. Experimental studies were carried out on polycrystalline diamond compact cutters from two manufacturers. The mechanical properties were determined by micro-indentation as well as nano-indentation testing on the diamond and the substrate layers of the cutters. Microstructural properties of the materials forming the PDC cutters found to be effective on the mechanical properties and consequently on the amount of wear. The volume of wear for the PDC cutters was determined experimentally using micro and nano-scratch tests of PDC cutters. The experimental wear was compared with the predicted wear based on current approaches in the literature. The results show that the wear of both layers of PDC cutters in this work can be predicted by the material mechanical properties and the applied load on the indenter. The analytical study based on various scanning electron microscopy techniques revealed that the main dominant wear mechanism for the substrate and the diamond layers is abrasive wear in the format of ploughing and cutting.
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Sagar, Rajiv K. "Reservoir description by integration of well test data and spatial statistics /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9416603.

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Gessel, Gregory M. "A New Method for Treating Wells in Reservoir Simulation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1902.pdf.

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Amin, Aram. "Well test analysis of infrequent flow behaviour of fractured wells in oil and gas reservoirs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24556.

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The purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to increase the contact area of the wellbore in the reservoir to maximise production rates. For modelling purposes, the induced fracture is assumed to be of infinite or finite conductivity. The modelled fracture tends to show either features of infinite conductivity with half slope or finite conductivity with quarter slope at early time. These flow behaviours are clear indications of a stimulated well. However, observations in some post-frac well tests report a single unit slope in early time, which indicates non-fractured well response. The objective of this study is to investigate the unusual flow behaviour associated with the testing of fractured wells following a proppant frac job and address reasons for this behaviour assuming the frac job has targeted the reservoir interval of interest. This infrequent behaviour is referred to briefly in a limited number of publications but with no clear explanation. Study suggests that the controlling factors are fracture length, fracture conductivity, non-Darcy flow in the case of gas wells and the damage caused by the fracture operation including choked fracture effect and less importantly fracture face skin. This study utilizes 3-D numerical black oil and compositional simulation in single and multi-layered reservoirs containing different fluid types. A range of factors are examined that may impact the introduced fracture flow behaviour based on actual fractured well flow features found in the literature. The main fracture and reservoir parameters investigated include: fracture half-length (xf), fracture conductivity (kfwf), fracture damage including fracture choke (Sfc) and fracture face skin (Sff), non-Darcy effect, formation permeability and many others. The study also examines fractured well behaviour in naturally fractured reservoirs and gas-condensate (lean and rich) reservoirs to investigate liquid drop out effect on the induced fracture flow behaviour. It is concluded that the investigated fracture behaviour is likely to be associated with damaged fractures of short lengths and low fracture conductivity values, which often result from poorly executed frac job on the well. Knowledge obtained from the study is applied to the analysis of well tests from actual fractured wells. Understanding the flow behaviour of fractured wells is crucial to operators and service companies in evaluating the effectiveness of stimulation work performed on the well.
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Jakaboski, Juan-Carlos. "Innovative Thermal Management of Electronics Used in Oil Well Logging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7255.

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The oil and gas industries use sophisticated logging tools during and after drilling. These logging tools employ internal electronics for sensing viscosity, pressure, temperature, and other important quantities. To protect the sensitive electronics, which typically have a maximum allowable temperature of 100 㬠they are shielded and insulated from the harsh external drilling environment. The insulation reduces the external heat input, but it also makes rejection of the heat generated within the electronics challenging. Electronic component failures promoted by elevated temperatures, and thermal stress, require a time consuming and expensive logging tool replacement process. Better thermal management of the electronics in logging tools promises to save oil and gas companies time and money. This research focuses on this critical thermal management challenge. Specifically, this thesis describes the design, fabrication, and test of an innovative thermal management system capable of cooling commercial-off-the-shelf electronics for extended periods in harsh ambient temperatures exceeding 200 㮠Resistive heaters embedded in quad-flat-packages simulate the electronics used in oil well logging. A custom high temperature oven facilitates the evaluation of a full scale prototype of the thermal management system. We anticipate the prototype device will validate computer modeling efforts on which its design was based, and advance future designs of the thermal management system.
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Essiwi, Mohamed Milad Ahmed. "Validation of CFD modeling for oil well drilling fluid flows." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430771.

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Leamon, Gregory Robert Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Petroleum well costs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30599.

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This is the first academic study of well costs and drilling times for Australia???s petroleum producing basins, both onshore and offshore. I analyse a substantial database of well times and costs sourced from government databases, industry and over 400 recent well completion reports. Three well phases are studied - Pre-Spud, Drilling and Completion. Relationships between well cost factors are considered, including phase time, phase cost, daily cost, rig day rate, well depth, basin, rig type, water depth, well direction, well objective (e.g. exploration), and type of completion (P&A or producer). Times and costs are analysed using scatter plots, frequency distributions, correlation and regression analyses. Drilling times are analysed for the period 1980 to 2004. Well time and variability in well time tend to increase exponentially with well depth. Technical Limits are defined for both onshore and offshore drilling times to indicate best performance. Well costs are analysed for the period 1996 to 2004. Well costs were relatively stable for this period. Long term increases in daily costs were offset to some extent by reductions in drilling times. Onshore regions studied include the Cooper/Eromanga, Surat/Bowen, Otway and Perth Basins. Offshore regions studied include the Carnarvon Basin shallow and deepwater, the Timor Sea and Victorian Basins. Correlations between regional well cost and well depth are usually high. Well costs are estimated based on well location, well depth, daily costs and type of completion. In 2003, the cost of exploration wells in Australia ranged from A$100,000 for shallow coal seam gas wells in the Surat/Bowen Basins to over A$50 million for the deepwater well Gnarlyknots-1 in the Great Australian Bight. Future well costs are expected to be substantially higher for some regions. This study proposes methods to index historical daily costs to future rig day rates as a means for estimating future well costs. Regional well cost models are particularly useful for the economic evaluation of CO2 storage sites which will require substantial numbers of petroleum-type wells.
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Kartoatmodjo, Rudjuk Sinung Trijana. "A model for finite conductivity horizontal wellbores /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9522755.

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Becker, Thomas Edward. "Correlations for drill-cuttings transport in directional-well drilling /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1987. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8712608.

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35

Long, P. J. G. "Experimental studies of fluid-fluid displacement in annuli." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386649.

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Chidamoio, João Fernando. "Experimental and numerical modelling of gaslift cavitation and instabilities in oil producing wells." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239215.

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Davidson, James Alexander. "Applications of acoustic measurements in shale stability research /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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38

Acheampong, Theophilus. "Essays on North Sea oil and gas economics : offshore safety economics and third party access to infrastructure in the upstream oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232397.

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This thesis explores two themes on upstream oil and gas economics centred on offshore safety economics and third party access to infrastructure in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS). The first part involves work that explores the nexus between the offshore safety regime and safety outcomes. It contributes to the literature by explaining the post-Piper Alpha safety regime changes with regard to our understanding, framing of safety decision making and benchmarking of safety outcomes. The second part investigates third party access to infrastructure issues in the UKCS. It contributes to our understanding of how different third party access to infrastructure arrangements can be utilised to maximise economic recovery. Each chapter addresses fundamental issues of North Sea oil and gas operations through the application of microeconomic, operations research and econometric methods within a formal analytical framework. The results provide insights into decision-making complexities in the upstream oil and gas industry by guiding policy makers. Specifically, part one of this thesis looks at safety performance in the post-Piper Alpha era in the UKCS. It investigates ways through which a more comprehensive and theoretically informed framework can be used to understand the linkages that arise when dealing with safety regulations and their impacts on the offshore oil and gas industry. Our objective is to empirically ascertain the determinants of offshore hydrocarbon releases within the context of the post-Piper Alpha offshore safety regime regulations. This is done using an observed number of hydrocarbon releases linked to a population denominator data of the number of the installations present in the UKCS. Three research problems are examined: (1) the transmission mechanisms through which safety regulation influence firm and industry productivity; (2) the assessment methods utilised in measuring and benchmarking regulatory outcomes in terms of safety compliance; and (3) the extent to which safety policies contribute to enhancing safety levels in the oil and gas industry. We initially review the background and literature on offshore safety with a particular emphasis on the UKCS in Chapter 2. We also frame our research questions and underlying hypothesis here. In Chapter 3, we present our underlying empirical framework and model specifications followed by some descriptive analysis of the hydrocarbon releases data. The results of the various econometric model specifications are analysed in Chapter 4. The second part of the thesis explores how possible different ownership patterns (including access arrangements) might affect the economic viability of exploiting remaining resources in the UKCS. This section attempts to answer two critical questions namely how the impact of the separation of infrastructure and field ownership affect economic recovery and the impact of taxation on field and hub economics in a mature oil basin. We explore how possible different ownership structures and access arrangements might affect the economic viability of remaining UKCS reserves. We apply a mixed integer programming (MIP) model to field data from the Northern North Sea. Specifically, we examine how the unbundling of infrastructure and field ownership, as well as different cost sharing and tariff arrangements, affect the long-term economics of hubs and their user fields. Regarding the layout, Chapter 5 talks about access to infrastructure issues in the UKCS namely the regulatory framework for access and related legislation. It leads to the development of a conceptual framework and model based upon which extractions are made to capture the various potential market outcomes. In Chapter 6, the empirical model, which utilises the mixed integer programming approach, is discussed. The data sources and characterization, as well as the presentation of the results from the Baseline Model, are presented in Chapter 7. The analysis of the Tax Model and the Cost Sharing plus Tax Model including structure and simulated results with underlying assumptions are presented in Chapter 8. Finally, Chapter 9 leads to a thorough discussion of the results followed by conclusions and policy recommendations.
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JUNIOR, MANOEL FELICIANO DA SILVA. "FIBER OPTIC PH SENSOR FOR PIPELINES AND OIL WELL PERMANENT MONITORING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4746@1.

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PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S. A.
A detecção da corrosão metálica em estruturas complexas e de difícil acesso apresenta dificuldades que até o presente não foram satisfatoriamente contornadas nos diversos setores industriais. Os sensores para avaliação da corrosão metálica baseiamse normalmente em corpos de sacrifício ou na monitoração da reação catódica que ocorre junto com o processo de oxidação e redução da corrosão. Condições ambientais, como temperatura, pressão, vazão, composição química e pH, têm influência direta sobre a agressividade do meio e seu conhecimento é fundamental para a previsão das taxas de corrosão. Na indústria do petróleo a corrosão metálica pode significar a falha prematura de equipamentos e vazamentos, causando onerosas operações de manutenção e pondo em risco a segurança e o meio ambiente. O presente trabalho mostra a concepção e desenvolvimento de um sensor de pH a fibra ótica para monitoração permanente de poços de petróleo. Dois princípios de medição foram avaliados. O primeiro, baseia-se na medida da variação do índice de refração efetivo em uma rede de Bragg, especialmente preparada para este fim, imersa em um meio contendo indicadores comerciais de pH. A segunda concepção utiliza a variação de volume proporcionada por um polímero sensível ao pH para deformar uma rede de Bragg. Os resultados experimentais obtidos demonstraram que a segunda técnica possibilita uma maior sensibilidade para as condições de operação do sensor. Esta segunda solução viabiliza também a utilização de múltiplos sensores, em uma única fibra óptica, monitorando ao mesmo tempo outras grandezas físicas que influenciam diretamente as taxas de corrosão, como pressão, temperatura e vazão. O sensor foi avaliado em meio ácido, sob diferentes condições de temperatura, produzindo resultados se sensibilidade melhor 0,01 unidades de pH. Novas investigações ainda precisam ser conduzidas para se chegar a um protótipo que possa ser testado em condições reais de operação de um poço de petróleo.
Evaluation of corrosion rates in hard-to-access equipments, such as those found in petroleum production, is still a difficult task. Sensors for corrosion rate evaluation are normally based on sacrifice bodies or in the cathodic reaction that occurs with the oxidation and reduction reactions of the corrosion process. Environmental conditions like temperature, pressure, chemical composition, and pH, are fundamental factors of environment severity and have a direct influence on corrosion rate predictions. In the Petroleum Industry, metallic corrosion may cause premature failure of equipments and fluid leaks, often resulting in expensive maintenance operations and posing safety and environmental risks. This work presents new concepts for fiber optic pH sensors that may be applied for permanent monitoring of petroleum wells. Two measurements principles were evaluated. The first one is based on measurements of refractive index changes in commercial pH indicators. The second solution explores a pH sensitive polymer, whose changes in volume strains a fiber Bragg grating. Experiments reported here show that the second technique has a better sensitivity, particularly under the operation conditions found in oil wells. It also allows the use of multiple fiber optic sensors simultaneously monitoring other physical quantities, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, which directly affect corrosion rates. The sensor was tested in acid environment, with special attention paid to temperature, solubility and response time. The sensitivity achieved was better than 0.01 pH units. More experiments still need to be performed in order to produce a prototype that will be testes in real operation conditions in producing petroleum well.
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40

Hird, Kirk B. "A conditional simulation method for reservoir description using geological and well performance constraints /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9330024.

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Vo, Dyung Tien. "Well test analysis for gas condensate reservoirs /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9014121.

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42

Pereira, Janaina Luiza Lobato. "Permeability prediction from well log data using multiple regression analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3368.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).
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43

Campos, Wellington. "Mechanistic modeling of cuttings transport in directional wells /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1995. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9527819.

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44

Barreto, Filho Manuel de Almeida. "Estimation of average reservoir pressure and completion skin factor of wells that produce using sucker rod pumping /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008273.

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45

Shewring, Nigel Ivor Edward. "Interactions at the clay/polymer/water interface." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20358/.

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The thesis investigates the behaviour of aqueous montmorillonite suspensions and also the interactions between montmorillonite as a free standing film and in highly dispersed aqueous suspension with water soluble polymers used as additives in water based drilling fluids. FTIR microscopy and FTIR ATR spectroscopy have been employed to study in-situ dehydration of fully dispersed aqueous montmorillonite suspensions. The IR spectrum of the dispersed bentonite shows significant differences from that of a dry bentonite powder, which have been attributed to the hydration of the exchangeable cation. Drying, or concentrated salt solution causes the differences to disappear and this is attributed to the exchangeable cation settling back to its ditrigonal cavity in the silicate sheet of the mineral under these conditions. The adsorption of various molecular weights of neutral polyacrylamide (PAM) onto montmorillonite has been studied using FTIR transmission, ATR spectroscopy and XRD. Shifts seen in the NH[2] stretching and bending bands have been interpreted as being due to H-bonding with the outer co-ordination sphere of exchangeable cations. KCl has shown to have some influence on this system. Another neutral polymer used extensively in water based drilling fluids is polyalkylglycol (PAG). The adsorption of two molecular weights of this polymer from aqueous solutions of various concentrations have been monitored both in the presence and absence of KCl. The physical form of the montmorillonite (either as a free standing film or as a dispersed suspension), the concentration of the polymer solution, the polymer molecular weight and the presence of KCl all have significant effects on the adsorption of polymer. The stabilisation of montmorillonite films by PAG and PAG/KCl solutions has been monitored by ATR spectroscopy, and the dehydration of these films by polymer has been monitored using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD. The interaction of PAG is thought to be via hydrogen bonding with the innermost co-ordination sphere of the exchangeable cations which thus presents a hydrophobic surface to solvent molecules, preventing the film from collapse. Since all water based drilling fluids are multi-component systems, techniques previously used have been employed to study the competitive adsorption of the polyalkylglycol and polyacrylamide components. Preferential adsorption of the PAG is seen in these systems either due to the mass transport effects (PAG is considerably smaller than PAM) or due to PAG removing all but the inner cation hydration sphere, and presenting a hydrophobic surface for the PAM, and therefore preventing its adsorption.
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46

AL-Rashidi, Abdulrahman F. "Designing neural networks for the prediction of the drilling parameters for Kuwait oil and gas fields." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1209.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 76 p. : ill. (some col.), map (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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47

Yin, Qingqing. "Transporting and Disposing of Wastewater from North Dakota Oil Producers." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26541.

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North Dakota?s oil boom is aided by a new technology, fracking. But this technology implies large amounts of wastewater. The methods of dealing with this wastewater are now an issue. Currently, North Dakota locks it into deep injection wells in the Bakken formation. With the development of membrane technologies to treat wastewater, it may be feasible to treat the wastewater and reuse it. This study uses a mathematical programming model to minimize the total cost of dealing with wastewater using three methods - deep well injection, on-site treatment, and off-site treatment. The model results show it is cost-effective to use on-site and large capacity off-site treatment to treat the 20% of the wastewater that flows back within the first 30-60 days after a well is drilled.
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48

Rudshaug, Atle. "Optimizing & Parallelizing a Large Commercial Code for Modeling Oil-well Networks." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8928.

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In this project, a complex, serial application that models networks of oil wells is analyzed for today's parallel architectures. By heavy use of the profiling tool Valgrind, several serial optimizations are achieved, causing up to a 30-50x speedup on previously dominant sections of the code, on different architectures. Our initial main goal is to parallelize our application for GPGPUs (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units) such as the NVIDIA GeForce 8800GTX. However, our optimized application is shown not to have a high enough computational intensity to be suitable for the GPU platforms, with the data transfer over the PCI-express port showing to be a serious bottleneck. We then target our applications for another, more common, parallel architecture -- the multi-core CPU. Instead of focusing on the low-level hotspots found by the profiler, a new approach is taken. By analyzing the functionality of the application and the problem it is to solve, the high-level structure of the application is identified. A thread pool in combination with a task queue is implemented using PThreads in Linux, which fit the structure of the application. It also supports nested parallel queues, while maintaining all serial dependencies. However, the sheer size and complexity of the serial application, introduces a lot of problems when trying to go multithreaded. A tight coupling of all parts of the code, introduces several race conditions, creating erroneous results for complex cases. Our focus is hence shifted to developing models to help analyze how suitable applications with traversal of dependence-tree structures, such as our oil well network application is, given benchmarks of the node times. First, we benchmark the serial execution of each child in the network and predict the overall parallel performance by computing dummy tasks reflecting these times on the same tree structure on two given well networks, a large and a small case. Based on these benchmarks, we then predict the speedup of these two cases, with the assumption of balanced loads on each level in the network. Finally, the minimum amount of time needed to calculate a given network is predicted. Our predictions of low scalability, due to the nature of the oil networks in the test cases, are then shown. This project thus concludes that the amount of work needed to successfully introduce multithreading in this application might not be worth it, due to all the serial dependencies in the problem the application tries to solve. However, if there are multiple individual networks to be calculated, we suggest using Grid technology to manage multiple individual instances of the application simultaneously. This can be done either by using script files or by adding DRMAA API calls in the application. This, in combination with further serial optimizations, is the way to go for good speedup for these types of applications.

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NETO, SIMAO MASSUD RUFFEIL. "ECONOMIC VIABILITY EVALUATION IN INDEPENDENTS OIL WELL THROUGH THE REAL OPTIONS TEORY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2515@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação baseia-se na análise de alternativas de desenvolvimento de um campo de petróleo já descoberto mas ainda não desenvolvido. Existe então o interesse de avaliar uma alternativa de desenvolvimento da produção em que se embute uma flexibilidade de expandir a produção, a depender das condições de mercado e das informações técnicas geradas pela produção inicial do campo. O processo estocástico que foi usado para modelar a incerteza de mercado relativo ao preço do petróleo foi o Movimento Geométrico Browniano (MGB). No contexto descrito acima, se faz necessário a utilização da Teoria de Opções Reais, na avaliação de projetos através da possibilidade de se tomar decisões a qualquer momento fazendo-se uma melhor análise e certamente uma alternativa mais realista do valor de um projeto, avaliando, principalmente, as possibilidades futuras em termos de decisões como a expansão deste.
This dissertation is based on the analyses of development alternatives in a discovered oil field but not yet developed. So there is an interest of evaluating an alternative of production development with a flexibility of production expansion, depending on the market conditions and technical information acquired by the initial roduction of the field. The stochastic process used to model the market uncertainty related to the oil price was the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM). In this context, it is necessary to use the Real Options Approach to evaluate projects through the possibility of making decisions at any moment, making a better analyses and certainty with a more realistic alternative to the project value, mainly evaluating the future possibilities in terms of expansion decision of the project.
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Trevizan, Willian Andrighetto. "Nuclear magnetic resonance and digital rock in oil industry: well logging applications." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-10082017-113902/.

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This thesis discusses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques for formation evaluation in well log analysis for the oil/gas industry. We present the standard ingredients for NMR data processing and interpretation, and develop a methodology that extends the determination of surface relaxivity from the laboratory to the well site. The methodology consists of a processing algorithm for diffusion editing data, which enables surface relaxivity determination for conditions close to those found in well logging (regarding data availability and noise levels). At moderate noise levels, lower relaxivity values (below 10μm/s) can be determined solely from NMR diffusion data, while higher values (∼30μm/s) can be separated from intermediate ones. Application for actual logging data still requires some noise reduction techniques such as stationary measurements downhole or data stacking among different depths. However, it provides a way of converting T2 distributions into actual pore size distributions even for downhole acquisitions, before the samples get to the laboratory for routine analysis. Besides the logging analysis, we also developed a theoretical approximation to the diffusion equation with partial absorptive contour conditions, by calculating appropriate transition rates between cells in an arbitrary grid, allowing a simple methodology for obtaining the NMR data based on pore imaging. Calculated rates can in principle be used for modeling/understanding different diffusion phenomena, such as exchange between pores or relaxation sites.
Neste trabalho são discutidas técnicas de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) aplicadas à avaliação de formações por meio da perfilagem de poços pela indústria de óleo e gás. São apresentados os conceitos básicos para processamento e interpretação dos dados de RMN, e desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinação da relaxatividade superficial em poço. O método consiste em um algoritmo de processamento de dados de diffusion editing, que permite a obtenção da relaxatividade superficial em condições próximas as encontradas na perfilagem de poços de petróleo (em relação à disponibilidade de dados e nível de ruído). Para níveis moderados de ruído, as relaxatividades mais baixas (menores que 10μm/s) podem ser determinadas através das medidas de difusão por RMN, enquanto valores mais altos (∼30μm/s) podem ser separados dos intermediários. Aplicações em dados de perfilagem ainda requerem técnicas de redução de ruído como aquisições estacionárias em poço ou empilhamento de dados ao longo de um intervalo de profundidades. Entretanto, o método possibilita uma forma de converter as distribuições de T2 em distribuições de tamanhos de poros ainda em poço, antes que as amostras sejam enviadas para o laboratório em análises de rotina. Além da perfilagem, foi desenvolvido também uma aproximação para a equação de difusão com condições de contorno absortivas, através de equações de taxas. A forma das taxas de transição permite o desenvolvimento de metodologias simples para obtenção dos dados de RMN através de imagens dos poros das rochas. As taxas de transição podem ser utilizadas também para a modelagem de outros fenômenos que envolvam difusão, como fenômenos de troca entre poros ou entre sítios com diferentes valores de relaxação.
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