Relevant bibliographies by topics / Old age pensions – Belgium / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Old age pensions – Belgium.

Journal articles on the topic 'Old age pensions – Belgium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Old age pensions – Belgium.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Arcanjo, Manuela. "Retirement Pension Reforms in Six European Social Insurance Schemes between 2000 and 2017: More Financial Sustainability and More Gender Inequality?" Social Policy and Society 18, no. 4 (2018): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746418000398.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2000, the European Union established three principles that should guide Member State pension systems and their reforms: the financial sustainability of pension systems; adequacy of pensions; and the modernisation of systems. The latter included the achievement of greater gender equality and sought to respond to the significant gender gaps in public pension systems. This article demonstrates how the reforms carried out over the period 2000–2017 have focused on strengthening the financial sustainability of systems but may also have contributed to even greater gender inequality in old age protection. To this end, we examine the major legislative amendments concerning eligibility criteria and entitlement conditions in six countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain), as representative of the social insurance scheme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

PEETERS, HANS, ANNELIES DEBELS, GERT VERSCHRAEGEN, and JOS BERGHMAN. "Flexicurity in Bismarckian Countries? Old Age Protection for Non-standard Workers in Belgium." Journal of Social Policy 37, no. 1 (2007): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001523.

Full text

Abstract:

In the debate on ‘flexicurity’, relatively little attention has been paid to how responsive traditional areas of social security have been to increasing flexibility in the labour market. This article tries to fill this gap by focusing on the Belgian pension system. In particular, it asks to what extent pension regulation in the three pillars has been adapted to the proliferation of atypical forms of employment. It does so by examining whether there are significant differences between old age protection of standard and non-standard workers. The article pursues a double research strategy: an analysis of Belgian legislation and relevant collective labour agreements is complemented with a statistical analysis of the Panel Study of Belgian Households (PSBH). The results show that part-time employment results in a lower first-pillar pension, while other forms of temporal flexibility such as career interruptions and temporary unemployment do not. In the second pillar, our findings suggest that workers with contractual flexibility and job mobility are discriminated against. Finally, non-standard workers do not appear to compensate for lower pension protection through increased participation in the third pension pillar. Our findings suggest the need for a re-assessment of the system of ‘assimilated’ periods. To conclude, we point to some implications for the design of flexicurity policies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

PEETERS, HANS, and WOUTER DE TAVERNIER. "Lifecourses, pensions and poverty among elderly women in Belgium: interactions between family history, work history and pension regulations." Ageing and Society 35, no. 6 (2014): 1171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000129.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe precarious financial situation of many elderly women in developed countries is well established. Nevertheless, in-depth insight into the persistent vulnerability of this group remains largely absent. In this article, we demonstrate how a specific focus on the interaction between work history, family history and pension regulations can provide greater insight into the mechanisms that produce poverty among elderly women in Belgium. To that end, we make use of register data on some 9,000 women aged 65–71. Data on the poverty risk of these women is linked to career and family data, spanning over 45 years. We find that pension policy can indeed account for the higher poverty risk of some groups of elderly women (e.g. divorcees) as compared to others (e.g. widows). Similarly, pension policy can, to a large extent, directly or indirectly explain how previous lifecourse events, such as marital dissolution or childbirth, affect old-age poverty risk. However, our study also reveals some unexpected findings. Most notably, pension regulations fail to account for the beneficial situation of married women. Indeed, our analyses suggest that capital (income) may prove more decisive than pension rights in explaining the low poverty risk of married women when compared to other marital groups. Drawing from our findings, we conclude with some suggestions as to where pension policy should go from here.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

OUDE NIJHUIS, DENNIE. "Christian Democracy, Labor, and the Postwar Politics of Old-Age Pension Reform." Journal of Policy History 35, no. 3 (2023): 387–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000380.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractChristian-democratic parties not only constituted the most successful political force in much of Western Europe during most of the twentieth century; their attitudes toward solidaristic welfare reform have arguably also been more diverse than have those of most other major political groupings during this period. Whereas existing studies have mostly attributed this variation to electoral or strategic considerations, this article emphasizes the importance of interest group involvement. It analyzes and compares postwar old-age pension reform in three important Christian-democratic-ruled societies, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands, and shows how the very different attitudes of the main Christian-democratic parties toward solidaristic welfare reform in these countries related to the strength and unity of the Christian-democratic labor union movements there.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vukovic, Drenka. "Old age and poverty." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031165v.

Full text

Abstract:

The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twice. The restrictive methods of the reforms cause a change in the relation between the pensions and the earnings, so that more and more pensioners receive below average, i.e. minimal pensions. Not all old people are covered by pension insurance so that a significant number (around 400.000) does not have a safe monthly income at all. The state program of financial aid is of modest size and does not provide help to all of the poor. Welfare aid decreases the risk of poverty, but it do not guarantee an adequate level of material security at old age. The low level of minimal and average pensions, the decline of participation in the average earnings and the strict criteria of the social security system have brought to awareness the necessity of 'social pensions' and various help and support programs for the elderly. .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Anglim, Christopher, and Brian Gratton. "Organized Labor and Old Age Pensions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 2 (1987): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lat2-p0yd-dtv8-67m9.

Full text

Abstract:

Organized labor in the United States strongly supported pre-New Deal proposals for state pensions for the elderly. The idea that American labor, unlike its European counterparts, did not contribute to the rise of the welfare state is based on evidence from national organizations and their leaders. Review of the activities of the highly political state federations, and of the campaign for old age pensions in Massachusetts, indicates that labor, rather than middle-class reformers, was responsible for the promotion of new public welfare programs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Leighninger, Leslie. "Old Age Pensions Before Social Security." Journal of Progressive Human Services 18, no. 1 (2007): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v18n01_06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Van Zyl, Elize. "Old Age Pensions in South Africa." International Social Security Review 56, no. 3-4 (2003): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00172.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Liu, Liqun, Andrew J. Rettenmaier, and Thomas R. Saving. "LONGEVITY AND PUBLIC OLD-AGE PENSIONS." Economic Inquiry 43, no. 2 (2005): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbi017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kildal, Nanna, and Stein Kuhnle. "Old Age Pensions, Poverty and Dignity." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 8, no. 2 (2008): 208–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108090639.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Minns, Richard. "Pensions and the age-old crisis." Pensions: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (2001): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940184.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Walker, Robert, and Meg Huby. "Escaping Financial Dependency in Old Age." Ageing and Society 9, no. 1 (1989): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00013349.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTOne of the principal motives behind pension reform in Britain in the post-war era has been to reduce dependence on means-tested assistance. Alternating attempts have been made to attain this objective through State and occupational collectivism but with only partial success. The present Government has shifted the emphasis away from collective provision towards individual saving promoted in the form of portable pensions. However, recent research has underlined the importance of structural determinants of dependency on means-tested assistance in retirement and of other factors over which individuals have little if any control. In the light of these findings questions are raised about the potential effectiveness of portable and occupational pensions as mechanisms for reducing future dependency on means-tested supplementation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vivaldo, Juan Pablo. "A peaceful old age? Pensions in Mexico's history, 1850-2021." Signos Históricos 25, no. 49 (2023): 316–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/shis.v25n49.10.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to examine the historical background of old age pensions in Mexico. The text shows its origins lie in the mid-nineteenth century mutual societies and that the beginning of the pensions financial crisis is linked not only to a scarce analysis of the aging population but a minimum government commitment for protecting the worker once advanced age is reached. In addition, it is shown that the first international steps regarding the protection of old age lie in the International Labour Organization (ilo). Finally, the path of non-contributive old age pensions in Mexico is briefly reviewed.Keywords: mutualism; retirement; older people; aging; financial crisis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vegas Sánchez, Raquel, Isabel Argimón, Marta Botella, and Clara I. González. "Old age pensions and retirement in Spain." SERIEs 4, no. 3 (2013): 273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-013-0096-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shapiro, Daniel. "Can Old-Age Social Insurance Be Justified?" Social Philosophy and Policy 14, no. 2 (1997): 116–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001849.

Full text

Abstract:

While in America most people think of “welfare” as means-tested programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children, in reality in the United States and other affluent democracies the heart of the welfare state is social insurance programs, such as health insurance, old-age or retirement pensions, and unemployment insurance. They are insurance programs in the sense that they protect against common risks of a loss of income if and/or when certain events come to pass (illness, old-age or retirement, unemployment); they are “social” because unlike market insurance they are not run on a sound actuarial basis, the premiums are not voluntarily incurred but compulsory, and there is very limited choice or flexibility concerning the type of policy one can purchase. Why have social insurance rather than market insurance? In this essay, I take up this question with regard to old-age or retirement pensions, which at present absorb around 9 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 25 percent of government spending of the affluent industrial countries comprising the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). My aim is to show that old-age or retirement social insurance (henceforth “SI”) is worse in virtually every relevant normative respect than its alternative, some form of market or private pensions. By relevant normative respect, I mean those values or principles which are used by contemporary political philosophers in their discussions and justifications of welfare-state policies, and which are applicable to assessments of different systems of old-age or retirement pensions. (Although they are applicable, almost no contemporary political philosophers have in fact applied them—an amazing state of affairs which I hope to remedy here.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Silva, Rodrigo Souza, and Luís Eduardo Afonso. "The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions." International Social Security Review 76, no. 3 (2023): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12334.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old‐age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intragenerational equity of old‐age and survivors’ pensions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Riumallo-Herl, Carlos, and Emma Aguila. "The effect of old-age pensions on health care utilization patterns and insurance uptake in Mexico." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (2019): e001771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001771.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionAs old-age pensions continue to expand around the world in response to population ageing, policymakers increasingly wish to understand their impact on healthcare demand. In this paper, we examine the effects of supplemental income to older adults on healthcare use patterns, expenditures and insurance uptake in Yucatan, Mexico.MethodWe use a longitudinal survey for individuals aged 70 or older and an individual fixed-effects difference-in-difference approach to understand the effect of an income supplement on healthcare use patterns, out-of-pocket expenditures and health insurance uptake patterns.ResultsThe implementation of the old-age pension was associated with increased use of healthcare with nuanced effects on the type of care. Old-age pensions increase the use of formal healthcare by 15 percentage points (95% CI 6.1 to 23.9) for those with healthcare use at baseline and by 7.5 percentage points (95% CI 3.7 to 11.3) for those without healthcare use at baseline. We find no evidence of greater out-of-pocket expenditures, likely because old-age pensions were associated with a 4.2 percentage point (95% CI 1.5 to 6.9) increase in use of public health insurance.ConclusionOld-age pensions can shift healthcare demand towards formal services and eliminate financial barriers to basic care. Pension benefits can also increase the uptake of insurance programmes. These results demonstrate how social programmes can complement each other This highlights the potential role of old-age pensions in achieving universal health coverage for individuals at older ages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Moseiko, V. V. "Old-age Pension Provision in the EAEU Countries." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, no. 3 (2023): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-03-50-63.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union actualizes the issue of regulation of pension relations. The adoption of the Agreement on Pension Provision laid the foundations for international cooperation in the field of pension provision. However, significant institutional differences in national pension systems may hinder the effective implementation of oldage pension provision.Aim. To investigate the possibilities and difficulties of international cooperation in the pension sphere in the context of national differences in old-age pension provision in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Tasks. To consider the national pension systems in terms of old-age pensions in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and conduct their comparative analysis; to show the features of international regulation of old-age pensions in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. In this work, the method of statistical data analysis was used to identify the features of the national old–age pension provision, comparative analysis — when comparing national pension systems in terms of old-age pensions, as well as the method of expert assessments when identifying difficulties of international cooperation in the pension sector.Results. Institutional features of old-age pension systems in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union have been found. The grounds for international regulation of old-age pensions are revealed. Difficulties in the formation of pension rights of citizens of the Union countries have been found.Conclusions. The countries of the Eurasian Union faced similar economic and demographic challenges. Pension reforms have resulted in the design of pension systems with national institutional differences, which can become causes of social injustice and pension inequality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

BÖRSCH-SUPAN, AXEL, ANETTE REIL-HELD, and DANIEL SCHUNK. "Saving incentives, old-age provision and displacement effects: evidence from the recent German pension reform." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, no. 3 (2008): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747208003636.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn response to population aging, pay-as-you-go pensions are being reduced in almost all developed countries. In many countries, governments aim to fill the resulting gap with subsidized private pensions. This paper exploits the recent German pension reform to shed new light on the uptake of voluntary, but heavily subsidized private pension schemes. Specifically, we investigate how the uptake of the recently introduced ‘Riester pensions’ depends on state-provided saving incentives, and how well the targeting at families and low-income households works in practice.We show that, after a slow start, private pension plans took off very quickly. While saving incentives were effective in reaching parents, they were less successful in attracting low-income earners, although Riester pensions exhibit a more equal pattern by income than occupational pensions and unsubsidized private pension plans.We also provide circumstantial evidence on displacement effects between saving for old-age provision and other purposes. Households who plan to purchase housing are less likely to have a Riester pension. The same holds for households who attach high importance to a bequest motive. Occupational pensions and other forms of private pensions, however, act as complements rather than as substitutes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kirk, Henning. "Geriatric Medicine and the Categorisation of Old Age; The Historical Linkage." Ageing and Society 12, no. 4 (1992): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00005286.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTGeriatric medicine became a part of medical science in the middle of the nineteenth century, more than haifa century before ‘geriatrics’ was named, and a century before it was established in British health care. It was born in Germany along with ancient theories that ageing was in itself a disease, but was increasingly influenced by new pathological and physiological knowledge on ageing and disease, and further developed during the great French clinical era of the latter part of that century. As part of the development of this particular branch of medical science, a gradual categorisation of old age took place, with much credit to the Belgian statistician Quetelet, who may be regarded as the inventor of the category ‘the elderly’ defined by age. The developing biomedical images of old age were given much space in encyclopaedias, dictionaries and popular health literature after 1870. Therefore, the defined existence of old-age limits must also have influenced the legislators responsible for the first national Acts on old- age pension, which now celebrate their centenary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Medaiskis, Teodoras, and Šarūnas Eirošius. "A Comparison of Lithuanian and Swedish Old Age Pension Systems." Ekonomika 98, no. 1 (2019): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

[full article and abstract in English] The aim of this study is to compare Lithuanian and Swedish pension systems from the point of view of their design and performance in order to elaborate reasonable recommendations to Lithuanian pension policy based on the best Swedish experience. Swedish income, premium and guaranteed old-age pensions system are compared with the analogous Lithuanian system of the “first,” “second” pillars and the “social” pensions. The main features of the systems are discussed, and the performance of the systems, mainly from the point of view of adequacy, is compared. The differences in system design and performance are identified, and the possible reasons of these differences are examined. Special attention is paid to differences in financing and the approach to the definition of benefits. The Lithuanian pension points approach is compared to the Swedish Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) approach. Each system is analyzed, and the relevance of transforming the Lithuanian first pillar pensions into a NDC system is examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Breyer, Friedrich, and Stefan Hupfeld. "Fairness of Public Pensions and Old-Age Poverty." FinanzArchiv 65, no. 3 (2009): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522109x477813.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Calciano, Filippo L., and Mario Tirelli. "Public versus private old-age pensions in Europe." European View 7, no. 2 (2008): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-008-0064-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cao, Xuefen. "A Study of the State’s Responsibility for Pensions." Learning & Education 10, no. 3 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2436.

Full text

Abstract:

At present, China has entered into an aging society, and the social risk brought by the aging population has become a major problem facing the country and society. Along with the weakening of the traditional-type family elderly function, the expansion of the state’s elderly responsibility has become an inevitable trend for the transformation of elderly responsibility. However, in the existing norms on old-age security, there are still problems of unbalanced distribution of responsibilities and blurred boundaries of government responsibilities.By analyzing the unreasonable aspects of the existing old-age security system, we summarize the proper contents of the state’s old-age responsibility, reasonably coordinate the state’s and individual’s old-age responsibility by applying the “subsidiarity principle”, and clarify the government’s position in the old-age responsibility, so as to construct a perfect old-age security system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rossi, Pauline, and Mathilde Godard. "The Old-Age Security Motive for Fertility: Evidence from the Extension of Social Pensions in Namibia." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 14, no. 4 (2022): 488–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200466.

Full text

Abstract:

The old-age security motive for fertility postulates that people’s needs for old-age support raise the demand for children. We exploit the extension of social pensions in Namibia during the 1990s to provide a quasi-experimental quantification of this widespread idea. The reform eliminated inequalities in pension coverage and benefits across regions and ethnic groups. Combining differences in pre-reform pensions and differences in exposure across cohorts, we show that pensions substantially reduce fertility, especially in late reproductive life. The results suggest that improving social protection for the elderly could go a long way in fostering fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa. (JEL H55, I38, J13, J14, O15)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zuijderduijn, Jaco. "Set for Life: Old-Age Pensions Provided by Hospitals in Late-Medieval Amsterdam." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 66, no. 1 (2025): 205–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2025-0008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Hospitals were among the wealthiest organizations in medieval cities. Their directors managed portfolios consisting of real estate and financial instruments; as a result, they also handled large quantities of money. It has been suggested that they used these to provide a variety of financial services and performed early banking functions. In this study I focus on the role hospitals played in allowing the general population to invest in financial instruments that could serve as old age pensions. Two hospitals in Amsterdam issued corrodies: pensions in kind that gave investors the right to lifelong board and lodging in the hospitals. They also issued life annuities: lifelong monetary pensions. Since both contract types were automatically terminated at death, they required relatively low investments and were ideal for securing an income in money or in kind during one’s final years. In this article, I will demonstrate that via the practice of issuing life annuities and corrodies, these hospitals played a central role in providing the late-medieval urban middle class with access to pensions. I will also show that thresholds for investing were sufficiently low to allow Amsterdam’s middle class to invest in both life annuities and corrodies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Goodkind, Daniel. "Reforming the Old-Age Security System in Vietnam." Asian Journal of Social Science 27, no. 2 (1999): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382499x00093.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOur paper examines changing systems of state support to the elderly in Vietnam, based primarily on two recent surveys in northern and southern subregions. We focus on the pension system, the most generous source of such support. Prior to 1995, pensions were primarily available to workers in the state sector. The funding system was ostensibly pay-as-you-go, yet heavily reliant on government subsidies. Our surveys reveal distinct regional patterns in the prevalence and size of pensions (as well as age at retirement), patterns we relate to Vietnam's partition and reunification. We then describe recent policy changes enacted as part of Vietnam's transition to a more market-oriented economy. A new Social Security Administration is attempting to extend old age security to employees of non-state enterprises based on enhanced employer contributions and new payroll deductions. We identify ideological, financial and demographic rationales for these reforms as well a variety of challenges to the new system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Masuku, Sikanyiso, Sizo Nkala, and Abigail Benhura. "Old Age Poverty." African Journal of Political Science 11, no. 2 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/56apwk71.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite having over 500 000 pensioners, Zimbabwe is far from guaranteeing its elderly an effective social security system. The National Social Security Authority (NSSA) – is embroiled in numerous cases of corruption. Similar criticisms have also been levelled against personal pension schemes with the living potential of pensioners in Zimbabwe (who receive in some cases less than US$1 monthly), continuing to deteriorate. In contributing new data to the understudied phenomenon of the old age pensions industry in Zimbabwe, this study interviewed a purposively drawn sample of bureaucrats from NSSA and pensioners in three provinces. Profound challenges in decommodification – attributes of a zero accountability status quo and a tokenistic, non-transformative old age social security regime were noted with numerous recommendations being proffered. Old age pension administrators failure to define and maintain measurable social indicators was argued in the study as partly contributing to their inability to ensure compliance to their primary mandate of providing a social security net for pension contributors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rogers, Edmund. "A ‘most imperial’ contribution: New Zealand and the old age pensions debate in Britain, 1898–1912." Journal of Global History 9, no. 2 (2014): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000035.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe extent of imperial influences upon nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British life, including in the development of social policy, has attracted significant scholarly interest in the past decade. The bearing of New Zealand's 1898 Old-Age Pensions Act upon the British debate over elderly poverty exemplifies the contested transfer of social policy ideas from settler colony to ‘Mother Country’. Reformers in Britain hailed a model non-contributory pension system with an imperial pedigree. However, the widely acknowledged distinction between ‘old’ countries such as Britain, and ‘new’ countries of English-speaking settlement, characterized the New Zealand example's reception. While progressives identified the colony as a ‘clean slate’ lacking the obstructive historical inheritance of the Poor Law, critics of state-funded pensions warned against drawing policy-making lessons from New Zealand. Yet when a reformist Liberal government introduced an Old Age Pensions Bill in 1908, it used Britain's age to justify the legislation's relative conservatism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Galasso, Vincenzo, Roberta Gatti, and Paola Profeta. "Investing for the old age: pensions, children and savings." International Tax and Public Finance 16, no. 4 (2009): 538–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-009-9104-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Verschueren, Herwig. "Regulation 883/2004 and Invalidity and Old-Age Pensions." European Journal of Social Security 11, no. 1-2 (2009): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270901100107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Moseiko, V. V. "International Regulation of Pensions in the EAEU: Problems and Development Prospects." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-63-74.

Full text

Abstract:

The EAEU countries, having adopted the Agreement on Pension Security in 2019, took a big step forward to form the pension rights of migrants from the EAEU countries. However, existing difficulties caused by economic, demographic characteristics and institutional differences make us think about further steps to harmonize, unify and coordinate the pension systems of the EAEU countries.Aim. Consider themechanisms and the principles of international regulation of pensions in the EAEU countries and identify limitations and opportunities for its further improvement.Tasks. Explore global experience of cooperation in the pension sector; conduct an analysis of international regulation of pensions in the post-Soviet space and in the EAEU countries; identify difficulties in forming pension rights for migrants from EAEU countries; to find possible directions for the further development of pension legislation in the EAEU countries.Methods. The comparative analysis method was used to study national old-age pension systems; when determining the directions for the development of old-age pensions for migrants in the world, the historical and legal method was used.Results. The world experience of international regulation of pensions is considered.Differences were discovered in the formation of pension rights in the EAEU countries.The mechanisms of harmonization and coordination, as well as the territorial and proportional principles of legal regulation of old-age pensions are analyzed. The difficulties of forming pension rights for migrants from the EAEU countries are shown.Conclusions. The current approach to regulating pensions in the EAEU is not perfect, but it allows countries to remain independent in their national pension policies. Overcoming the existing difficulties in the formation and implementation of pension rights is possible with further harmonization, unification and coordination of the EAEU pension systems, which are complicated by the economic and demographic operating conditions and the lack of a unified strategy for the development of pensions in the EAEU. A fundamental issue for all countries is to determine the role of the state in the pension process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Elu-Terán, Alexander. "Has Social Security Policy Converged? Cross-Country Evolution of Old Age Benefits, 1890–2000." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (2012): 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000642.

Full text

Abstract:

The extension of social insurance during the twentieth century did not translate into homogeneous pension provision. Using a new database, this article analyzes the evolution of pensions in the long run for a sample of welfare states. The convergence in old age benefits as a share of earnings is only found for all earnings levels between 1970 and 1990. The results also underline the role as determinants of pension policy of both domestic and external factors. In line with previous literature, income per capita and the share of old people are key drivers of pensions. However, the effect of globalization is negative, especially for low and medium earnings levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Messkoub, Mahmood. "Migrants in the European Union: Welfare in Old Age." Public Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210500500206.

Full text

Abstract:

The first generation of post-World War Two (WWII) migrants to Western Europe have joined the ranks of the European elderly. Typically, they have accumulated limited assets because of lower paid employment and earned limited rights within public pension schemes that in most European countries relate pensions to years of residence or contribution. in some respect they share the problems of those of the European-born population, mainly women, who started work late, have interrupted work histories, or have low life-time earnings. This paper argues that changing the rules for those sections of the European Union (EU) population who are reliant on public pensions will help to reduce the risk of poverty in old age among some of the most underprivileged sections of the EU elderly population. Among these policies are: delinking length of residency from pension rights or giving credit for the years that a person lived outside the country, financial support to those who are short of contribution years, allowing people to take their pension abroad without a penalty, and improving the rights and entitlement of the surviving spouse (usually women).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Levine, Daniel. "The Danish Connection: A Note on the Making of British Old Age Pensions." Albion 17, no. 2 (1985): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049215.

Full text

Abstract:

In the continuous discussion of how and how much Lloyd George was influenced by Germany in formulating Old Age Pensions and National Insurance, attention seems to have been almost wholly diverted from the degree to which the Danish example was discussed, recommended and clearly present in the consciousness of those who made the British Old Age Pension Act of 1908. There is no discussion of the issue in the standard work on the subject, Bentley B. Gilbert's The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain, (London, 1966) nor even any mention of “Denmark” in the index. The subject is likewise missing from Francis H. Stead's How Old Age Pensions Came to Be, (London [? 1910]), which Gilbert calls “indispensible.” Patricia Mary Williams barely mentions the subject in her detailed dissertation, “The Development of Old Age Pension Policy in Great Britain, 1878-1925” (University of London, 1970), and does not even do that much in the book she wrote under the name Pat Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (Essex, 1982) nor in the chapter on old age pensions in the book she edited, Origins of British Social Policy (London, 1978). Hugh Heclo in Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden (New Haven, 1974) mentions (p. 167) that the proposals of the commission in 1899 “resembled” the Danish system, but Heclo does not say how or why, and then never mentions the subject again. John Grigg, in his biography of Lloyd George is concerned with the man more than the issue, and does not analyze the source of the ideas behind the old age pension bill of 1908 in his Lloyd George, The People's Champion (Berkeley, 1978).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Jarosz, Dariusz. "Old Age and Poverty in Poland, 1945-1989: The Status Regarding Knowledge And Research Problems." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 32, no. 1 (2014): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2014-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The history of old age has only relatively recently become explored as a research topic in Poland. This sketch focuses on the relationship between old age and poverty in People’s Republic of Poland. Old age, however, was a significant object of interest of the PRL authorities in at least two aspects. The first was the social security system, particularly in relation to old age and disability pensions, and the second, social care for the aged.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Moseiko, V. V. "Old-Age Pension Systems in Modern Socialist Countries: A Comparative Analysis." AlterEconomics 20, no. 2 (2023): 392–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2023.20-2.6.

Full text

Abstract:

This article provides an overview of old-age pension systems in contemporary socialist countries, namely China, North Korea, the Republic of Cuba, Vietnam, and Lao PDR. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the distinctive characteristics of these systems. Through an examination of academic literature on pension organization and financing, as well as data from the World Bank, OECD, ILO, ASEAN, and statistical departments (USSR, China), the study analyzes the old age pension systems of each country, identifying commonalities and unique features. The study identifies elements aligned with global practices, socialist characteristics, and national peculiarities. Initially, all of the given countries adopted distribution-based pension arrangements that are prevalent worldwide. However, as the systems evolved, distinguishing features emerged, such as pension income inequality and privileges for specific population segments. Moreover, the study explores country-specific features influenced by the national economic context. The impact of the informal sector and illicit income on old-age pensions is uncovered, alongside the significant role of family support. Possible future scenarios for the development of old-age pensions in these countries are proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

GAL, JOHN. "How well does a partnership in pensions really work? The Israeli public/private pension mix." Ageing and Society 22, no. 2 (2002): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008619.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper takes the old-age pension system in Israel as a test case to examine the implications of proposals for pension reform now being debated or implemented in many welfare states. For over a decade, high on the agenda of decision-makers on both national and international levels, there has been the notion of moving towards a changing ‘partnership in pensions’ or, to put it more bluntly, towards greater privatisation of social security. Virtually since its emergence in the 1950s, the Israeli old-age pension has been based primarily upon a mix of low universal state pensions and income-related private occupational pensions. This paper compares the British and Israeli social security systems for older people in the wake of the reforms recently introduced in Britain and analyses the implications of the Israeli structure on the distribution of social security spending and on the wellbeing of different categories of older individuals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

DEWILDE, CAROLINE. "Lifecourse determinants and incomes in retirement: Belgium and the United Kingdom compared." Ageing and Society 32, no. 4 (2011): 587–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000407.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the impact of lifecourse family and labour market experiences on household incomes of older people in Belgium and the United Kingdom (UK) is analysed. To this end, panel data and life-history information from the Panel Study of Belgian Households and the British Household Panel Survey are combined. The results show that old-age income is indeed influenced by previous lifecourse experiences, and that differences between Belgium and the UK can be explained in terms of (the development over time of) welfare regime arrangements. Family experiences have a larger impact on old-age incomes in ‘male-breadwinner’ Belgium, while in Britain labour market events are more important. As social transfers in Britain are more aimed at poverty prevention and less at income replacement, a ‘scarring effect’ of unemployment persists even into old age. Also, the more of one's career is spent in blue-collar work or self-employment/farming, the lower the income in old age. A new finding is that, notwithstanding the high level of ‘de-commodification’ achieved by the Belgian welfare state, this effect turns out to be significantly stronger in Belgium than in the UK. Compared to the market, the welfare state is hence a more efficient ‘mechanism’ of stratification for incomes in old age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Budd, John W., and Timothy Guinnane. "Intentional Age-Misreporting, Age-Heaping, and the 1908 Old Age Pensions Act in Ireland." Population Studies 45, no. 3 (1991): 497–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145666.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bartkus, Algirdas. "Efficient Indexation of Social Insurance Pensions." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 49, no. 1 (2010): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2010.13945.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper tries to formulate conclusions about the indexation of old-age pensions. Pensions can be adjusted and indexed taking into consideration a wage increase. The point of indexation with regard to wages lies in the increment of pensions on to a new, higher nominal level of consumption opportunities (the pension increases), but leaving it at the same relative or potential level of consumption opportunities (the pensions-to-earnings ratio remains constant). Pensions can also be adjusted and indexed according to an increase in the price level. The adjustment of pensions with respect to the price level maintains the real level of consumption (a person is always able to buy the same set of goods). The aim of this study is to identify the conditions of efficient indexation; to summarize the methods of indexation; to draw conclusions as to which of these methods maximizes the wealth of taxpayers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Struthers, James. "Regulating the Elderly: Old Age Pensions and the Formation of a Pension Bureaucracy in Ontario, 1929-1945." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 3, no. 1 (2006): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031051ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article examines the emergence of means-tested old age pensions in Ontario in the context of the Great Depression and World War II. Ontario's old age pension scheme, it argues, was launched in 1929 with weak political commitment, little bureaucratic-preparation, and an almost complete absence of administrative experience at the provincial and municipal level in assessing and responding to need on a mass scale. The article examines the complex interplay among federal, provincial, and local government authorities in the politics of pension administration throughout the 1929-1945 era, arguing that local control of pension decision-making in the early years of the Depression provided two divergent models of pension entitlement both as charity and as an earned social right. After 1933 governments at both the provincial and federal level centralized decision-making over pension administration in order to standardize and restrict pension entitlement, contain its rapidly rising costs, and enforce more efficiently the concept of parental maintenance upon children. World War II undermined the concept of pensions as charity by broadly expanding the boundaries of entitlement both for the elderly and their children. By 1945 means-tested pensions had few supporters within or outside of government, laying the basis for the emergence of a universal system of old age security in 1951.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Verbic, Miroslav, and Rok Spruk. "Aging population and public pensions: Theory and macroeconometric evidence." Panoeconomicus 61, no. 3 (2014): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1403289v.

Full text

Abstract:

Rapidly aging population in high-income countries has exerted additional pressure on the sustainability of public pension expenditure. We present a theoretical model of public pension expenditure under endogenous human capital, where the latter facilitates a substantial decrease in equilibrium fertility rate alongside the improvement in life expectancy. We demonstrate how higher life expectancy and human capital endowment facilitate a rise of net replacement rate. We then provide and examine an empirical model of old-age expenditure in a panel of 33 countries for the period 1998-2008. Our results indicate that increases in effective retirement age and total fertility rate would reduce age-related expenditure substantially. While higher net replacement rate would alleviate the risk of old-age poverty, further increases would add considerable pressure on the fiscal sustainability of public pensions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rajevska, O., and F. Rajevska. "Why the share of small amount pensions is so substantial in Latvia?" SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184003011.

Full text

Abstract:

More than 70% of all old-age pensions in Latvia are smaller than 300 euro, which is close to the monetary value of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. There is a number of reasons for it: the lack of non-contributory component and inadequately low minimum pensions, the absence of redistribution mechanisms in the mandatory notional defined contribution (pillar I) and funded (pillar II) schemes, an unfair conversion of pre-reform employment record into pension formula, and a high tax burden on pensioners. The authors proposed a package of measures to improve the situation: an introduction of basis pensions, linking minimum pensions to the country average wages, increasing income tax exempt for pensions, restoration of the supplements for pre-reform employment and their regular indexation, removal of the threshold in initial notional pension capital calculation or its reduction from 30 to 20 years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Béland, Daniel, Gregory P. Marchildon, and Michael J. Prince. "Understanding Universality within a Liberal Welfare Regime: The Case of Universal Social Programs in Canada." Social Inclusion 8, no. 1 (2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i1.2445.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Although Canada is known as a liberal welfare regime, universality is a key issue in that country, as several major social programs are universal in both their core principles and coverage rules. The objective of this article is to discuss the meaning of universality and related concepts before exploring the development of individual universal social programs in Canada, with a particular focus on health care and old-age pensions. More generally, the article shows how universality can exist and become resilient within a predominantly liberal welfare regime due to the complex and fragmented nature of modern social policy systems, in which policy types vary from policy area to policy area, and even from program to program within the same policy area. The broader analysis of health care and old-age pensions as policy areas illustrates this general claim. This analysis looks at the historical development and the politics of provincial universal health coverage since the late 1950s and at the evolution of the federal Old Age Security program since its creation in the early 1950s. The main argument of this article is that universality as a set of principles remains stronger in health care than in pensions yet key challenges remain in each of these policy areas. Another contention is that there are multiple and contested universalisms in social policy.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Guerrero Padrón, Thais. "Social protection of the self-employed in old age in the EU." Stanovnistvo 61, no. 2 (2023): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/stnv.524.

Full text

Abstract:

In most European Union (EU) Member States, self-employed individuals receive, on average, lower retirement pensions than employees. Furthermore, the number of self-employed pensioners is lower, and there is a significant proportion of self-employed workers in the EU who are not entitled to a retirement pension. The situation is even more delicate for the new self-employed, as their mode of labour market participation, career trajectory, and the income level they reach can potentially compromise their future pension prospects. This paper analyses the position of self-employed workers within national social security systems, with a particular focus on their methods of contribution and the consequential impact on their ability to access adequate retirement pensions as a form of replacement income, thus avoiding the risk of poverty and ensuring a decent standard of living in old age. In this area, the Member States and the EU interact within the framework of their respective competences, with the manifest aim of improving the social protection of self-employed workers in their senior years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dhemba, Jotham Joaquim. "Dynamics of poverty in old age: The case of older persons in Zimbabwe." International Social Work 57, no. 6 (2012): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872812454312.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores the factors associated with the syndrome of poverty in old age in developing countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. Available data show that the majority of older persons in Zimbabwe are not covered by existing social security schemes. Furthermore, the benefits for the minority who are covered are not adequate. It is therefore necessary to adopt legislation specific to older persons through the establishment of old age pensions in order to address poverty in old age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Crossley, Thomas F., and Byron G. Spencer. "Private Pensions and Income Security in Old Age: An Uncertain FutureIntroduction." Canadian Public Policy 34, no. 4 (2008): Siii—Svi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.4.siii.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Crossley, Thomas F., and Byron G. Spencer. "Private Pensions and Income Security in Old Age: An Uncertain FutureIntroduction." Canadian Public Policy 34, Supplement 1 (2008): Siii—Svi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.supplement.siii.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Murphy, John. "The Poverty of Liberalism: the First Old Age Pensions in Australia." Thesis Eleven 95, no. 1 (2008): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513608095799.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!