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Journal articles on the topic 'Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vukovic, Drenka. "Old age and poverty." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031165v.

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The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twic

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2

Hellerová, Věra, Valérie Tóthová, Lukáš Novotný, et al. "Preparation for Old Age and Ageing in the Time of the First Czechoslovak Republic." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 23, no. 2 (2023): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.23.2.1.

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Old age and ageing are part of everyday life. Healthy ageing and population health have been essential issues throughout history. After the First World War, in the newly founded First Czechoslovak Republic, this topic was also important. This young republic had a lot of difficulties. It was a multi-ethnic state with substantial consequences of war. The republic's infrastructure was damaged, the population’s health condition could have been better, the incidence of infectious diseases was very high while health literacy was very low. It was necessary to take care of the population’s health and

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3

Anglim, Christopher, and Brian Gratton. "Organized Labor and Old Age Pensions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 2 (1987): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lat2-p0yd-dtv8-67m9.

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Organized labor in the United States strongly supported pre-New Deal proposals for state pensions for the elderly. The idea that American labor, unlike its European counterparts, did not contribute to the rise of the welfare state is based on evidence from national organizations and their leaders. Review of the activities of the highly political state federations, and of the campaign for old age pensions in Massachusetts, indicates that labor, rather than middle-class reformers, was responsible for the promotion of new public welfare programs.

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4

Leighninger, Leslie. "Old Age Pensions Before Social Security." Journal of Progressive Human Services 18, no. 1 (2007): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v18n01_06.

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5

Van Zyl, Elize. "Old Age Pensions in South Africa." International Social Security Review 56, no. 3-4 (2003): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00172.

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6

Liu, Liqun, Andrew J. Rettenmaier, and Thomas R. Saving. "LONGEVITY AND PUBLIC OLD-AGE PENSIONS." Economic Inquiry 43, no. 2 (2005): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbi017.

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7

Kildal, Nanna, and Stein Kuhnle. "Old Age Pensions, Poverty and Dignity." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 8, no. 2 (2008): 208–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108090639.

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8

Minns, Richard. "Pensions and the age-old crisis." Pensions: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (2001): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940184.

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9

Walker, Robert, and Meg Huby. "Escaping Financial Dependency in Old Age." Ageing and Society 9, no. 1 (1989): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00013349.

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ABSTRACTOne of the principal motives behind pension reform in Britain in the post-war era has been to reduce dependence on means-tested assistance. Alternating attempts have been made to attain this objective through State and occupational collectivism but with only partial success. The present Government has shifted the emphasis away from collective provision towards individual saving promoted in the form of portable pensions. However, recent research has underlined the importance of structural determinants of dependency on means-tested assistance in retirement and of other factors over which

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10

Vivaldo, Juan Pablo. "A peaceful old age? Pensions in Mexico's history, 1850-2021." Signos Históricos 25, no. 49 (2023): 316–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/shis.v25n49.10.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the historical background of old age pensions in Mexico. The text shows its origins lie in the mid-nineteenth century mutual societies and that the beginning of the pensions financial crisis is linked not only to a scarce analysis of the aging population but a minimum government commitment for protecting the worker once advanced age is reached. In addition, it is shown that the first international steps regarding the protection of old age lie in the International Labour Organization (ilo). Finally, the path of non-contributive old age pensions in Mexico is b

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11

Vegas Sánchez, Raquel, Isabel Argimón, Marta Botella, and Clara I. González. "Old age pensions and retirement in Spain." SERIEs 4, no. 3 (2013): 273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-013-0096-0.

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12

Shapiro, Daniel. "Can Old-Age Social Insurance Be Justified?" Social Philosophy and Policy 14, no. 2 (1997): 116–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001849.

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While in America most people think of “welfare” as means-tested programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children, in reality in the United States and other affluent democracies the heart of the welfare state is social insurance programs, such as health insurance, old-age or retirement pensions, and unemployment insurance. They are insurance programs in the sense that they protect against common risks of a loss of income if and/or when certain events come to pass (illness, old-age or retirement, unemployment); they are “social” because unlike market insurance they are not run on a sound

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13

Silva, Rodrigo Souza, and Luís Eduardo Afonso. "The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions." International Social Security Review 76, no. 3 (2023): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12334.

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AbstractThis study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old‐age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intrag

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14

Riumallo-Herl, Carlos, and Emma Aguila. "The effect of old-age pensions on health care utilization patterns and insurance uptake in Mexico." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (2019): e001771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001771.

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IntroductionAs old-age pensions continue to expand around the world in response to population ageing, policymakers increasingly wish to understand their impact on healthcare demand. In this paper, we examine the effects of supplemental income to older adults on healthcare use patterns, expenditures and insurance uptake in Yucatan, Mexico.MethodWe use a longitudinal survey for individuals aged 70 or older and an individual fixed-effects difference-in-difference approach to understand the effect of an income supplement on healthcare use patterns, out-of-pocket expenditures and health insurance u

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15

Moseiko, V. V. "Old-age Pension Provision in the EAEU Countries." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, no. 3 (2023): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-03-50-63.

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The development of integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union actualizes the issue of regulation of pension relations. The adoption of the Agreement on Pension Provision laid the foundations for international cooperation in the field of pension provision. However, significant institutional differences in national pension systems may hinder the effective implementation of oldage pension provision.Aim. To investigate the possibilities and difficulties of international cooperation in the pension sphere in the context of national differences in old-age pension provision in the

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16

BÖRSCH-SUPAN, AXEL, ANETTE REIL-HELD, and DANIEL SCHUNK. "Saving incentives, old-age provision and displacement effects: evidence from the recent German pension reform." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, no. 3 (2008): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747208003636.

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AbstractIn response to population aging, pay-as-you-go pensions are being reduced in almost all developed countries. In many countries, governments aim to fill the resulting gap with subsidized private pensions. This paper exploits the recent German pension reform to shed new light on the uptake of voluntary, but heavily subsidized private pension schemes. Specifically, we investigate how the uptake of the recently introduced ‘Riester pensions’ depends on state-provided saving incentives, and how well the targeting at families and low-income households works in practice.We show that, after a s

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17

Medaiskis, Teodoras, and Šarūnas Eirošius. "A Comparison of Lithuanian and Swedish Old Age Pension Systems." Ekonomika 98, no. 1 (2019): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.3.

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[full article and abstract in English] The aim of this study is to compare Lithuanian and Swedish pension systems from the point of view of their design and performance in order to elaborate reasonable recommendations to Lithuanian pension policy based on the best Swedish experience. Swedish income, premium and guaranteed old-age pensions system are compared with the analogous Lithuanian system of the “first,” “second” pillars and the “social” pensions. The main features of the systems are discussed, and the performance of the systems, mainly from the point of view of adequacy, is compar

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18

Breyer, Friedrich, and Stefan Hupfeld. "Fairness of Public Pensions and Old-Age Poverty." FinanzArchiv 65, no. 3 (2009): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522109x477813.

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19

Calciano, Filippo L., and Mario Tirelli. "Public versus private old-age pensions in Europe." European View 7, no. 2 (2008): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-008-0064-4.

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20

Cao, Xuefen. "A Study of the State’s Responsibility for Pensions." Learning & Education 10, no. 3 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2436.

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At present, China has entered into an aging society, and the social risk brought by the aging population has become a major problem facing the country and society. Along with the weakening of the traditional-type family elderly function, the expansion of the state’s elderly responsibility has become an inevitable trend for the transformation of elderly responsibility. However, in the existing norms on old-age security, there are still problems of unbalanced distribution of responsibilities and blurred boundaries of government responsibilities.By analyzing the unreasonable aspects of the existi

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21

Rossi, Pauline, and Mathilde Godard. "The Old-Age Security Motive for Fertility: Evidence from the Extension of Social Pensions in Namibia." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 14, no. 4 (2022): 488–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200466.

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The old-age security motive for fertility postulates that people’s needs for old-age support raise the demand for children. We exploit the extension of social pensions in Namibia during the 1990s to provide a quasi-experimental quantification of this widespread idea. The reform eliminated inequalities in pension coverage and benefits across regions and ethnic groups. Combining differences in pre-reform pensions and differences in exposure across cohorts, we show that pensions substantially reduce fertility, especially in late reproductive life. The results suggest that improving social protect

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22

Zuijderduijn, Jaco. "Set for Life: Old-Age Pensions Provided by Hospitals in Late-Medieval Amsterdam." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 66, no. 1 (2025): 205–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2025-0008.

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Abstract Hospitals were among the wealthiest organizations in medieval cities. Their directors managed portfolios consisting of real estate and financial instruments; as a result, they also handled large quantities of money. It has been suggested that they used these to provide a variety of financial services and performed early banking functions. In this study I focus on the role hospitals played in allowing the general population to invest in financial instruments that could serve as old age pensions. Two hospitals in Amsterdam issued corrodies: pensions in kind that gave investors the right

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23

Goodkind, Daniel. "Reforming the Old-Age Security System in Vietnam." Asian Journal of Social Science 27, no. 2 (1999): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382499x00093.

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AbstractOur paper examines changing systems of state support to the elderly in Vietnam, based primarily on two recent surveys in northern and southern subregions. We focus on the pension system, the most generous source of such support. Prior to 1995, pensions were primarily available to workers in the state sector. The funding system was ostensibly pay-as-you-go, yet heavily reliant on government subsidies. Our surveys reveal distinct regional patterns in the prevalence and size of pensions (as well as age at retirement), patterns we relate to Vietnam's partition and reunification. We then de

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24

Masuku, Sikanyiso, Sizo Nkala, and Abigail Benhura. "Old Age Poverty." African Journal of Political Science 11, no. 2 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/56apwk71.

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Despite having over 500 000 pensioners, Zimbabwe is far from guaranteeing its elderly an effective social security system. The National Social Security Authority (NSSA) – is embroiled in numerous cases of corruption. Similar criticisms have also been levelled against personal pension schemes with the living potential of pensioners in Zimbabwe (who receive in some cases less than US$1 monthly), continuing to deteriorate. In contributing new data to the understudied phenomenon of the old age pensions industry in Zimbabwe, this study interviewed a purposively drawn sample of bureaucrats from NSSA

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25

Rogers, Edmund. "A ‘most imperial’ contribution: New Zealand and the old age pensions debate in Britain, 1898–1912." Journal of Global History 9, no. 2 (2014): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000035.

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AbstractThe extent of imperial influences upon nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British life, including in the development of social policy, has attracted significant scholarly interest in the past decade. The bearing of New Zealand's 1898 Old-Age Pensions Act upon the British debate over elderly poverty exemplifies the contested transfer of social policy ideas from settler colony to ‘Mother Country’. Reformers in Britain hailed a model non-contributory pension system with an imperial pedigree. However, the widely acknowledged distinction between ‘old’ countries such as Britain, and ‘ne

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26

Galasso, Vincenzo, Roberta Gatti, and Paola Profeta. "Investing for the old age: pensions, children and savings." International Tax and Public Finance 16, no. 4 (2009): 538–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-009-9104-5.

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27

Verschueren, Herwig. "Regulation 883/2004 and Invalidity and Old-Age Pensions." European Journal of Social Security 11, no. 1-2 (2009): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270901100107.

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28

Moseiko, V. V. "International Regulation of Pensions in the EAEU: Problems and Development Prospects." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-63-74.

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The EAEU countries, having adopted the Agreement on Pension Security in 2019, took a big step forward to form the pension rights of migrants from the EAEU countries. However, existing difficulties caused by economic, demographic characteristics and institutional differences make us think about further steps to harmonize, unify and coordinate the pension systems of the EAEU countries.Aim. Consider themechanisms and the principles of international regulation of pensions in the EAEU countries and identify limitations and opportunities for its further improvement.Tasks. Explore global experience o

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29

Elu-Terán, Alexander. "Has Social Security Policy Converged? Cross-Country Evolution of Old Age Benefits, 1890–2000." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (2012): 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000642.

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The extension of social insurance during the twentieth century did not translate into homogeneous pension provision. Using a new database, this article analyzes the evolution of pensions in the long run for a sample of welfare states. The convergence in old age benefits as a share of earnings is only found for all earnings levels between 1970 and 1990. The results also underline the role as determinants of pension policy of both domestic and external factors. In line with previous literature, income per capita and the share of old people are key drivers of pensions. However, the effect of glob

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30

Messkoub, Mahmood. "Migrants in the European Union: Welfare in Old Age." Public Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210500500206.

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The first generation of post-World War Two (WWII) migrants to Western Europe have joined the ranks of the European elderly. Typically, they have accumulated limited assets because of lower paid employment and earned limited rights within public pension schemes that in most European countries relate pensions to years of residence or contribution. in some respect they share the problems of those of the European-born population, mainly women, who started work late, have interrupted work histories, or have low life-time earnings. This paper argues that changing the rules for those sections of the

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31

Levine, Daniel. "The Danish Connection: A Note on the Making of British Old Age Pensions." Albion 17, no. 2 (1985): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049215.

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In the continuous discussion of how and how much Lloyd George was influenced by Germany in formulating Old Age Pensions and National Insurance, attention seems to have been almost wholly diverted from the degree to which the Danish example was discussed, recommended and clearly present in the consciousness of those who made the British Old Age Pension Act of 1908. There is no discussion of the issue in the standard work on the subject, Bentley B. Gilbert's The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain, (London, 1966) nor even any mention of “Denmark” in the index. The subject is likewis

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32

Jarosz, Dariusz. "Old Age and Poverty in Poland, 1945-1989: The Status Regarding Knowledge And Research Problems." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 32, no. 1 (2014): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2014-0003.

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Abstract The history of old age has only relatively recently become explored as a research topic in Poland. This sketch focuses on the relationship between old age and poverty in People’s Republic of Poland. Old age, however, was a significant object of interest of the PRL authorities in at least two aspects. The first was the social security system, particularly in relation to old age and disability pensions, and the second, social care for the aged.

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33

Moseiko, V. V. "Old-Age Pension Systems in Modern Socialist Countries: A Comparative Analysis." AlterEconomics 20, no. 2 (2023): 392–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2023.20-2.6.

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This article provides an overview of old-age pension systems in contemporary socialist countries, namely China, North Korea, the Republic of Cuba, Vietnam, and Lao PDR. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the distinctive characteristics of these systems. Through an examination of academic literature on pension organization and financing, as well as data from the World Bank, OECD, ILO, ASEAN, and statistical departments (USSR, China), the study analyzes the old age pension systems of each country, identifying commonalities and unique features. The study identifies elements aligned

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34

GAL, JOHN. "How well does a partnership in pensions really work? The Israeli public/private pension mix." Ageing and Society 22, no. 2 (2002): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008619.

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This paper takes the old-age pension system in Israel as a test case to examine the implications of proposals for pension reform now being debated or implemented in many welfare states. For over a decade, high on the agenda of decision-makers on both national and international levels, there has been the notion of moving towards a changing ‘partnership in pensions’ or, to put it more bluntly, towards greater privatisation of social security. Virtually since its emergence in the 1950s, the Israeli old-age pension has been based primarily upon a mix of low universal state pensions and income-rela

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35

Budd, John W., and Timothy Guinnane. "Intentional Age-Misreporting, Age-Heaping, and the 1908 Old Age Pensions Act in Ireland." Population Studies 45, no. 3 (1991): 497–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145666.

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36

Bartkus, Algirdas. "Efficient Indexation of Social Insurance Pensions." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 49, no. 1 (2010): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2010.13945.

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This paper tries to formulate conclusions about the indexation of old-age pensions. Pensions can be adjusted and indexed taking into consideration a wage increase. The point of indexation with regard to wages lies in the increment of pensions on to a new, higher nominal level of consumption opportunities (the pension increases), but leaving it at the same relative or potential level of consumption opportunities (the pensions-to-earnings ratio remains constant). Pensions can also be adjusted and indexed according to an increase in the price level. The adjustment of pensions with respect to the

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37

Struthers, James. "Regulating the Elderly: Old Age Pensions and the Formation of a Pension Bureaucracy in Ontario, 1929-1945." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 3, no. 1 (2006): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031051ar.

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Abstract This article examines the emergence of means-tested old age pensions in Ontario in the context of the Great Depression and World War II. Ontario's old age pension scheme, it argues, was launched in 1929 with weak political commitment, little bureaucratic-preparation, and an almost complete absence of administrative experience at the provincial and municipal level in assessing and responding to need on a mass scale. The article examines the complex interplay among federal, provincial, and local government authorities in the politics of pension administration throughout the 1929-1945 er

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Verbic, Miroslav, and Rok Spruk. "Aging population and public pensions: Theory and macroeconometric evidence." Panoeconomicus 61, no. 3 (2014): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1403289v.

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Rapidly aging population in high-income countries has exerted additional pressure on the sustainability of public pension expenditure. We present a theoretical model of public pension expenditure under endogenous human capital, where the latter facilitates a substantial decrease in equilibrium fertility rate alongside the improvement in life expectancy. We demonstrate how higher life expectancy and human capital endowment facilitate a rise of net replacement rate. We then provide and examine an empirical model of old-age expenditure in a panel of 33 countries for the period 1998-2008. Our resu

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Rajevska, O., and F. Rajevska. "Why the share of small amount pensions is so substantial in Latvia?" SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184003011.

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More than 70% of all old-age pensions in Latvia are smaller than 300 euro, which is close to the monetary value of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. There is a number of reasons for it: the lack of non-contributory component and inadequately low minimum pensions, the absence of redistribution mechanisms in the mandatory notional defined contribution (pillar I) and funded (pillar II) schemes, an unfair conversion of pre-reform employment record into pension formula, and a high tax burden on pensioners. The authors proposed a package of measures to improve the situation: an introduction of basis

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Béland, Daniel, Gregory P. Marchildon, and Michael J. Prince. "Understanding Universality within a Liberal Welfare Regime: The Case of Universal Social Programs in Canada." Social Inclusion 8, no. 1 (2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i1.2445.

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<p>Although Canada is known as a liberal welfare regime, universality is a key issue in that country, as several major social programs are universal in both their core principles and coverage rules. The objective of this article is to discuss the meaning of universality and related concepts before exploring the development of individual universal social programs in Canada, with a particular focus on health care and old-age pensions. More generally, the article shows how universality can exist and become resilient within a predominantly liberal welfare regime due to the complex and fragme

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41

Guerrero Padrón, Thais. "Social protection of the self-employed in old age in the EU." Stanovnistvo 61, no. 2 (2023): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/stnv.524.

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In most European Union (EU) Member States, self-employed individuals receive, on average, lower retirement pensions than employees. Furthermore, the number of self-employed pensioners is lower, and there is a significant proportion of self-employed workers in the EU who are not entitled to a retirement pension. The situation is even more delicate for the new self-employed, as their mode of labour market participation, career trajectory, and the income level they reach can potentially compromise their future pension prospects. This paper analyses the position of self-employed workers within nat

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Dhemba, Jotham Joaquim. "Dynamics of poverty in old age: The case of older persons in Zimbabwe." International Social Work 57, no. 6 (2012): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872812454312.

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This article explores the factors associated with the syndrome of poverty in old age in developing countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. Available data show that the majority of older persons in Zimbabwe are not covered by existing social security schemes. Furthermore, the benefits for the minority who are covered are not adequate. It is therefore necessary to adopt legislation specific to older persons through the establishment of old age pensions in order to address poverty in old age.

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43

Crossley, Thomas F., and Byron G. Spencer. "Private Pensions and Income Security in Old Age: An Uncertain FutureIntroduction." Canadian Public Policy 34, no. 4 (2008): Siii—Svi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.4.siii.

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Crossley, Thomas F., and Byron G. Spencer. "Private Pensions and Income Security in Old Age: An Uncertain FutureIntroduction." Canadian Public Policy 34, Supplement 1 (2008): Siii—Svi. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.supplement.siii.

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45

Murphy, John. "The Poverty of Liberalism: the First Old Age Pensions in Australia." Thesis Eleven 95, no. 1 (2008): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513608095799.

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46

Sterett, Susan. "Constitutionalism and Social Spending: Pennsylvania's Old Age Pensions in the 1920s." Studies in American Political Development 4 (1990): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000936.

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Rather than studying only what appellate courts do, scholars of law and society have been pointing out that the interpretation of law is an enterprise many engage in—e.g., lawyers, administrative officials, and the lay public, as well as courts. Recent scholarship has broadened the analysis of constitutional law in a way that is not Supreme Court centered. Scholars have focused on constitutionalism as the idea that words written down limit and shape political practice. For example, Michael Kammen's work shows the continuing and repetitive celebrations of the Constitution in American life, cele

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47

Lodahl, Maria. "Old-age pensions in Russia: more subsistence benefit than social insurance." Economic Bulletin 36, no. 12 (1996): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02683049.

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Gorman, Mark. "Securing Old Age: The Case for ‘Social’ Pensions in Developing Countries." Public Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210500500203.

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With growing populations of older people in developing countries, the disproportionate numbers who are ageing in poverty is an increasing concern. During the last decade it has become more widely accepted in development circles that economic growth alone will not reduce or eliminate poverty, especially of particularly disadvantaged groups such as older people. Interest has therefore increased in the role that social protection may play in supporting vulnerable groups, both for their immediate assistance and to help provide stronger foundations for overall growth. At the same time a number of d

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Wu, Heng. "THE EFFECT OF INCOME SECURITY IN OLD AGE ON HEALTH OUTCOMES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND THE US." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1151.

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Abstract This paper examines the social determinants of health, particularly the social, political, and economic context of socioeconomic status and health outcomes. Many studies on the political economy of health have highlighted the effects of welfare states on health and health inequalities, typically using welfare state regimes as proxies for social policies. Few research studies have described the association between frailty phenotype and financial wellbeing, however, particularly considering the three-legged stool of retirement income security (public pensions, private pensions, and pers

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Timofeeva, Anna V. "Social and economic aspects of modern pension provision for military personnel of the Russian Federation." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology 24, no. 4 (2024): 410–14. https://doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2024-24-4-410-414.

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The military pension is often only a part of the institution of special payments to military personnel. Due to the fact that pension provision for military personnel is a specific system and differs from general pension payments, it is necessary to understand it. This article analyzes the features of the modern pension system for military personnel of all law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, reflecting, on the one hand, the global trends and, on the other hand, the specifics of the Russian military pension system. The total expenditures of the federal budget (for the period 2016

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