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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Old economy'
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1
Ramanujam, Nandini. "Price mechanism in Russia : its role in the old planning and new markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320928.
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Murphy, Sheilagh C. "Valuing traditional activities in the northern native economy : the case of Old Crow, Yukon Territory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26575.
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The purpose of the research is to develop a widely acceptable and more holistic method for valuing traditional activities in a northern native community. It does this by extending contemporary valuation methods to include native categories and perceptions of natural resources, both past and present. The community of Old Crow, Yukon Territory is used as the field site because it is a relatively stable community, closely linked to the land, and one for which historical material is available.
Any assessment of a contemporary native community, its people, and their relationships to the land and its bounty would not be complete without an examination of their history. Thus, the thesis recounts the history of the Kutchin Indians of Old Crow. By reviewing past situations, traditions and cultural beliefs, the present day place of the land and its resources in the lives of the Old Crow people is revealed.
Contemporary valuation methods are defined as those which emphasize valuing resources numerically using a specific type of quantitative information. The more holistic method, on the other hand, includes the examination of the 'value'1 assigned traditional activities by the people themselves as exemplified through past and present situations. The ultimate goal of this work is to show that static quantitative analyses must be balanced with research into the more social side of native activities if their true value is to be found.
The thesis shows that contemporary valuation methods continually underestimate the 'value' of production from the land because they are usually limited in time and scope, and fail to deal with the non-market 'values' the land and its bountry hold for native northerners. It is discovered that comparing data collected at different points in time is a very effective means of precipitating out those 'values' which influence native people in making choices about the pursuit of traditional activities in the north.
Using this method the land and its resources as perceived by the Old Crow people are shown to still hold a paramount place in their day to day lives. As with other northern native groups, even though material opportunities and hunting strategies have changed, the people continue to value their traditional land and life for a variety of reasons.
While the thesis identifies the various 'values' associated with productive activities in Old Crow, it does not develop a scheme that quantifies or ranks the relative worth of these 'values'. It discusses the merit of the concept in the context of valuing activities in the traditional economy of the north, and concludes that much research is still required in this area.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Golda, Kamilla Anna. "The impacts of new and old economy stock market valuations on private investment in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5790.
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Slobodchikoff, Tatyana G. "The Slavic Dual: Morphosyntactic Feature Economy as a Factor in Language Change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297021.
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Dual number marked on personal pronouns and verbal agreement suffixes disappeared in the majority of Slavic languages except for three - Slovenian, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian. Previous studies do not provide a principled account why (i) the monomorphemic dual was reanalyzed as bimorphemic in Slovenian, Upper, and Lower Sorbian, and why (ii) it was replaced by the plural in the majority of Slavic languages including Russian and Kashubian. In this dissertation, I investigate diachronic changes in the morphosyntactic category of the Slavic dual which occurred in the 11th-15th centuries. In this dissertation, I present new diachronic data obtained through digital corpora of Old Slavic manuscripts. Within the framework of Distributed Morphology, I propose a new principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy which explains these two different patterns of diachronic change in the Slavic dual pronouns and verbal agreement. I argue that the principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy is one of the factors which drives diachronic change in the category of number in Slavic languages. Morphosyntactic Feature Economy is a principle of efficient computation. It plays an essential role in restructuring of the morphosyntactic category of the Slavic dual. Morphosyntactic restructuring of the Slavic dual, triggered by its morphosyntactic and semantic markedness, results in a morphosyntactically 'simpler' category of number. As a consequence of the application of the principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy, the language learner acquires a featurally restructuctured category of number, which is simpler and more computationally efficient.
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BERGMANN, WILLIAM H. "COMMERCE AND ARMS: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, NATIVE AMERICANS, AND THE ECONOMY OF THE OLD NORTHWEST, 1783-1807." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1111608712.
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Bergmann, William H. "Commerce and arms the federal government, Native Americans, and the economy of the old northwest, 1783-1807 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1111608712.
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Imologome, Folashayo Olateju. "Bridging the gap between an old economy culture and a new economy culture to create a high performance organisation : a critical analysis of the organisational performance of an indigenous company in a developing economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97396.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTACT: The research seeks to investigate the progress of an indigenous group of companies in the advertising industry in Nigeria, in its bid to transform from unsustainable organisational practices to more sustainable and progressive practices that promote increased operational efficiency and organisational performance. The study made use of the Beehive Survey of High Performance Organisation TM and the Evolution to Excellence Framework (EEF), tools that were used by permission of the owners, The Village of Leaders Consulting, as well as interviews with staff of the company. The research objectives were firstly, to identify positive and negative influences on organisational culture change, secondly, to assist the subject company in identifying necessary steps to take in its bid to become world class and finally, to test the questionnaire model, the Beehive Survey, in an environment other than South Africa where it had been extensively used. The research further aimed to identify how far Nigerian companies had been able to achieve their bid to become truly world class with sustainable organisational practices, what type of leadership and cultural challenges they might face and what they needed to do to overcome these challenges. The major findings of the research were that indigenous companies need to reduce authoritative hierarchy and control, increase participation and interaction at all levels, increase transparency and information dissemination and clearly define the organisational vision and get the buy-in of all stakeholders.
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Evenhuis, Emil. "The political economy of adaptation and resilience in old industrial regions : a comparative study of South Saarland and Teesside." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3285.
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This project aims to make a conceptual, methodological and empirical contribution to the burgeoning field of Evolutionary Perspectives in Economic Geography. To date, Evolutionary Perspectives have tended to underplay the role of the state and macro-institutions, and how notions of agency, power, and scale feature in the evolution of a regional economy. This thesis draws upon Geographical Political Economy to develop an Evolutionary Perspective that is more sensitive to these concerns. In particular, I have focussed on aspects of policy and governance in the long-term adaptation and resilience of old industrial regions coping with disruptive structural change. Based on the Path Dependency perspective – which within Evolutionary Perspectives seems best suited to theorise aspects of policy and governance - I have developed an analytical framework and detailed a methodology of ‘deep contextualisation’, to understand (1) how policies and institutions evolve over time, (2) what role they play in long-term adaptation and resilience, and (3) how this may be shaped by the wider institutional environment. This framework and methodology (with these three distinct levels of analysis) was subsequently used to study and compare two cases: the old steel regions of South Saarland in Germany, and Teesside in the United Kingdom. These regions both experienced a crisis in their economies in the 1970s and 1980s. South Saarland has been able to adapt successfully, whereas Teesside continues to struggle. The study presents compelling evidence that this has to a considerable extent been a result of (1) different priorities and consistency in the policies implemented, (2) the more robust governance arrangements present in South Saarland compared to Teesside, and (3) the federal government structure and more cooperative form of capitalism in Germany, which appears to have been more conducive for long-term resilience than the centralist structure and more liberal model in the United Kingdom.
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Wang, Shihui. "Promoting a Circular Economy in the Mobile Phone Product System in China." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276998.
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The concept of the circular economy has been introduced to China and encouraged to be implemented in manufacturing industries by the government in recent years. The implementation of a circular economy in the mobile phone product system can potentially serve as a solution to reducing a significant amount of waste mobile phones. However, the development of a circular economy in China is still at the beginning phase. To help with the promotion of a circular economy, this thesis was proposed. The aim is to explore the possibility to promote a circular economy in the mobile phone product system in China and the main target group is mobile phone producers. The main methodology of this thesis was system dynamics modeling. A system dynamic model was developed to analyze the potential sustainability profits and economic profits. A questionnaire and a literature review were conducted to collect relevant data for the model. The study proposed three strategies (old-for-new, eco-design, and product service system) for producers to promote a circular economy. The profitability of the three scenarios was evaluated and then a sensitivity analysis of the parameters in the model was conducted. According to the model results, the old-for-new strategy was the most profitable and the strategy of the product- service system could not bring additional profit to producers if only economic profits were considered. The general suggestion for producers on maximizing the profitability was propagandizing the significance of mobile phone collection and recycling to increase consumers’ awareness.
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Lam, Sunny. "Retrofitting old industrial areas for the new economy, a case study of the leaside industrial district, borough of east York, Metropolitan Toronto." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23374.pdf.
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Kostioukova, Anastasia. "Alleviating Social Disadvantages of Rapid Economic Growth: A Case for Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Application in Old Siam." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/148.
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The ongoing conflict between Thailand’s red shirt and yellow shirt parties is not purely political. This tension is rooted in a renewed awareness of regional economic and social inequality, a byproduct of rapid economic growth in the past. This thesis seeks to understand the overall consequences of unequal economic development in Thailand, as the rationale for asserting that a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program is an appropriate policy tool for the ongoing reconciliation efforts.
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Canepa, Claudia. "New information technologies in the old political economy : an exploration of community-based GIS for improving basic services for the poor in New Delhi, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33012.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-223).
Rapid urbanization, limited neighborhood-level data, and the multiplicity of overlapping agencies in mega-cities in the developing world are creating a significant gap between citizens, particularly the poor, and government. Rising poverty rates have led NGOs and government actors to explore the role of community-based geographic information systems (GIS) in improving service provision to the poor. These participatory GIS applications focus on collecting neighborhood-level information directly from residents and providing this information to government for more need-based planning and policy-making. This thesis examines the development of three such applications in New Delhi, India, that illustrate the potential of participatory GIS production and implementation processes in strengthening communities and creating organizational change within government. However, these three projects also suggest that a stronger understanding of the political economy of information gathering and policy- making is needed if the use of resident perceptions and other types of local knowledge is to be institutionalized in government resource allocation and policy-making processes. Findings suggest, first, that, contrary to the popular belief that government lacks sufficient knowledge about the needs of the poor and that the role of participatory GIS is simply to inform "government," frontline workers have much information on the poor, and it is the higher-level officials who lack the knowledge. This knowledge differential highlights the need to deconstruct the state and consider the political economy issues that prevent information sharing between different levels of government.
(Cont.) Second, due to differences in ideology between NGOs and government, these two actors collect data on the poor for very different reasons. These differences may act as major impediments to GIS co-production unless special processes are set up and intermediaries are brought in to help generate common motivations between the two groups. Third, the NGOs' participatory approach to gathering local knowledge, which is deeply rooted in the flexible nature of NGOs, contrasts sharply with the standardized data collection methods that government officials and policy-makers value. This contrast, coupled with the fact that policy-making processes are often structured in ways that prevent easy incorporation of local knowledge, presents a challenge for NGOs and governments who seek to work together to create more need-based planning and policy-making.
by Claudia Canepa.
M.C.P.
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Summers, John R. "The architecture of food: Consumption and society in the Iron Age of Atlantic Scotland, with special reference to the site of Old Scatness, Shetland." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5714.
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Food is the foundation upon which societies are built. It is a means of survival, a source of wealth and prosperity and can be used as a means of social display. In Iron Age Atlantic Scotland, a wide range of food resources were open to exploitation. Among these, barley is likely to have been an important backbone to the system. Far from being at the mercy of the elements, the Iron Age population of Atlantic Scotland was able to extract surpluses of food from the landscape which could be manipulated for social, political and economic gain. One means through which this could be achieved is feasting, a practice considered significant elsewhere in the Iron Age.
With such ideas at its core, this thesis examines the main arenas for consumption events in Iron Age Atlantic Scotland (dwellings) in detail, considering also the underpinnings of the system in terms of food production and accumulation, in particular the barley crop. The distribution of food processing and preparation between a dwelling and its associated ancillary buildings at Old Scatness provides insights into the organisation of life on the settlement.
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Summers, John Richard. "The architecture of food : consumption and society in the Iron Age of Atlantic Scotland, with special reference to the site of Old Scatness, Shetland." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5714.
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Food is the foundation upon which societies are built. It is a means of survival, a source of wealth and prosperity and can be used as a means of social display. In Iron Age Atlantic Scotland, a wide range of food resources were open to exploitation. Among these, barley is likely to have been an important backbone to the system. Far from being at the mercy of the elements, the Iron Age population of Atlantic Scotland was able to extract surpluses of food from the landscape which could be manipulated for social, political and economic gain. One means through which this could be achieved is feasting, a practice considered significant elsewhere in the Iron Age. With such ideas at its core, this thesis examines the main arenas for consumption events in Iron Age Atlantic Scotland (dwellings) in detail, considering also the underpinnings of the system in terms of food production and accumulation, in particular the barley crop. The distribution of food processing and preparation between a dwelling and its associated ancillary buildings at Old Scatness provides insights into the organisation of life on the settlement.
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Jakobsson, Max. "Från industrier till upplevelser : en studie av symbolisk och materiell omvandling i Bergslagen." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7912.
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In old industrial regions traces from historical mining and production of iron and steel have become a valuable resource in developing a tourism industry and other experience-oriented industries in the post-industrial society. The so called Experience Industry became a buzz-word in regional development programs during the 2000´s. The region of Bergslagen in the middle of Sweden is a good example of this structural change in economy which has been going on since the crisis of the steel industry in the middle of the 1970´s. In the 1980’s, the region was seen as one of the most depressed areas in Sweden, together with the sparsely populated north. Because of that, cultural heritage has been promoted to strengthen regional identity in Bergslagen. Strengthening regional identity is still a matter in regional development in the region, but today efforts are more concentrated on commercial use and packaging of heritage as experience in order to create an attractive image of Bergslagen. Statistical data shows that the regional labour market is changing. During the 1990s and early 2000s employment in the Experience Economy in Bergslagen has increased by almost 30 percent. The emerging labour force is in many ways different from the traditional patterns on the regional labour market. Traditionally marginalized group, such as women, young people and immigrants are well represented. But they are often low educated, low paid and part-time employed. On the other hand we also find a growing well educated and well paid group of employees. They are often in-migrants or commuters from places outside the region. Campaigns to promote Experience Industries on the local level are common in many places in the region. Local campaigns tend to focus on tourism and the commercial use of the typical industrial heritage associated with Bergslagen. However, the regional identity is often considered a problem due to the negative image of Bergslagen which where formed after the crisis for the steel industry. Although there is a tendency towards a more positive approach to Bergslagen, developers and politicians often still claim that they rather use other local and regional identities in place marketing than being a place in Bergslagen.
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Breckwoldt, Tina. "Economic mechanisms in Old Babylonian Larsa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251857.
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Hedberg, Ann-Sofie. "Economic evaluation of old and new locomotives." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203819.
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Like any other business, a train operator is expected to make a profit and to make that profit as large as possible. The transportation market is highly competitive and it is therefore hard to increase the price of the transportation service. In order to maintain the profit margins focus needs to be on keeping the costs down. Therefore, in this thesis the cost side of freight train operation will be investigated. The main focus will be on the costs inflicted by the choice of locomotives. Locomotives are expensive and the capital cost usually makes up a significant portion of the total cost. It can therefore be tempting to buy older locomotives with lower capital cost. However, even though reducing the capital cost, using older locomotives might inflict other costs, such as higher maintenance costs. The aim of this thesis is to find the main cost drivers in freight train operation that is related to the choice of locomotive and to use that information to build a software tool that calculates if using old or new locomotives is more cost efficient for different scenarios. In order to identify the different factors that affect the cost of the railway operation, interviews were conducted with experts in different railway transportation fields. To complement the information from the experts, a literature survey was performed. Also, statistical data of the actual costs related to different locomotives was used. It was found that capital cost, energy, maintenance and repair, planning and administration, delays, infrastructure and drivers were important factors that affect the cost. Whether it is more cost efficient to use old or new locomotives depends mainly on the transportation service that should be provided. The marginal cost per kilometre is lower for new locomotives, however their capital cost is higher. This makes modern locomotives more suitable for transportation tasks that require that the locomotive runs long distances every year, whereas older locomotives are more suitable when shorter transportations are needed. Since the newer locomotives have higher tractive force and better slip control they can pull heavier trains. Therefore, depending on the mass of the train, fewer new than old locomotives can be used to pull the trains. In those cases it will be more cost-efficient to use new locomotives.Precis som alla företag förväntas tågoperatörer att gå med vinst och helst ska vinsten vara så stor som möjligt. Transportbranschen är en starkt konkurrensutsatt marknad och det kan därför vara svårt att höja priset på transporttjänster. För att kunna behålla vinstmarginalen är det därför viktigt att fokusera på att hålla kostnaderna nere. I detta arbete har därför kostnader för att bedriva godstågsverksamhet undersökts. Fokus har varit på kostnader uppkomna på grund av valet av lokmodell, gamla lok jämfört med nya. Lok är dyra och kapitalkostnaden utgör därför vanligtvis en betydande del av den totala kostnaden. För att sänka kapitalkostnaden kan det därför vara lockande att köpa äldre lok. Även om äldre lok vanligtvis medför lägre kapitalkostnader finns risken att de för med sig andra kostnader, såsom högre underhållskostnader. Målet har varit att identifiera de huvudsakliga kostnadsfaktorerna som härrör sig till valet av lok samt att använda denna information till att konstruera ett datorverktyg som räknar ut vilket lok som är mest kostnadseffektivt vid olika transportuppdrag. För att identifiera faktorerna som påverkar kostnaden för att bedriva godstågsverksamhet utfördes intervjuer med experter inom olika järnvägsrelaterade områden. För att komplettera informationen från experterna utfördes även en litteraturstudie. Utöver detta användes statistisk data om de faktiska kostnaderna som hänförde sig till de olika loken. Undersökningen gav att kapitalkostnad, underhåll, energi, planering och administration, förseningar, infrastruktur och förarkostnader var de huvudsakliga kostnadsfaktorerna. Huruvida det är mest kostnadseffektivt att använda nya eller gamla lok beror främst på vilket transportuppdrag som ska utföras. Marginalkostnaden per kilometer är lägre för nya lok, å andra sidan är kapitalkostnaden högre. Detta medför att nya lok är lämpliga för transportuppdrag där loket går långa sträckor medan äldre lok är bättre lämpade för kortare transportuppdrag. Då de nya loken som undersökts kan ge en högre dragkraft och har bättre slirreglering än de äldre loken kan de användas till att dra tyngre tåg. Därför, beroende på tågvikten, kan i vissa fall färre nya än gamla lok användas för att dra tågen. I dessa fall är det mer kostnadseffektivt att använda nya
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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.
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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Ross, Sandy. "Everyday economics : ideas new and old from lay theories of economic life." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/193/.
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This project explores divergences and parallels between lay theories of economic life as experienced and developed in two virtual worlds – Final Fantasy XI (FFXI) and Second Life (SL) – and academic theories from sociology and anthropology as well as economics. My intent is not a critique of economics, but a suggestion that other economic sociologies are possible, and to provide points of departure and ideas for such alternative configurations. Exploration of lay theories is organised around four key conceptual categories – value, exchange, money and markets – which were suggested by participants' accounts and economic organisation within each field site. Respondents' theories offer polyphonic, heteroglossic approaches to economic life that sometimes diverge substantially from academic conceptualisations. Lay theories examined in this research emphasising plurality and multiplicity – especially with respect to monies – going so far as to suggest a radical reorganisation of economies based on monies rather than markets. When lay theories from each category are pieced together, they reveal a social imaginary of boundless abundance, strong reliance upon practices as ways of knowing about and theorising economic life, and strange parellels with studies of “primitive” cultures. This dissertation is based on comparative ethnographies of two disparate virtual worlds, FFXI and SL, which offer different slant-wise views of contemporary capitalist, consumer societies. Final Fantasy XI is a proprietary massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) created, owned and maintained by Square-Enix, while Second Life (SL) is a free-form, nonproprietary, three-dimensional virtual world created and maintained in a laissezfaire fashion by Linden Lab. Fieldwork consisted of participant observation, one-on-one interviews, group interviews with FFXI respondents and analysis of fan-made media and corporate texts.
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Carroll, Llane Glenn. "An economic comparison of breeding performance of yearling and two-year-old bulls." Thesis, Montana State University, 1990. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1990/carroll/CarrollL1990.pdf.
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An important decision a rancher makes is the age at which a bull will first be used for breeding. While yearling bulls are used by many ranchers in the Great Plains States, there is concern that lack of maturity among yearling bulls leads to lower breeding performance. To compare the breeding performance of yearling and two-year-old bulls Line One Hereford bulls in single sire breeding herds at Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory (LARRL) were analyzed. Tests for differences in pregnancy rates, calving dates, calf birth weight, and calf average daily gain were conducted. The physical attribute distributions were converted to a returns distribution for each age of bull. The distributions were then compared in a stochastic dominance framework. From the results it was concluded that the alternative "use the bull first as a two-year-old" dominated the alternative "use the bull first as a yearling" in the first order stochastic sense. While ranchers are using yearling bulls, the expected income is higher and the dispersion of observed income smaller from herds bred to two-year-old bulls. Ranchers may be deriving other benefits from the use of yearling bulls such as decreased intervals for introducing special genetic traits. Ranchers may be using yearlings in multiple sire settings which may diminish the downside risk of using yearling bulls as compared to using yearling bulls in single sire settings.
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Boshoff, Hercules Jacobus. "Sudan’s old and new conflicts : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3383.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Recent years have seen new ideologies and political factors being introduced into the Sudanese political landscape. The new war in Darfur has revealed that the traditional North-South conflict is not necessarily a religious war but rather a war that goes beyond religion and ethnicity. Several factors underpin the civil wars in Sudan; principally disputes over religion, identity, inequality, resources, governance, self-determination, autonomy and secession. The attempt is therefore to define the various actors, factors and issues underlying both the North-South conflict and the new war in Darfur, and to analyse and compare the differences and similarities between the two wars. Both the conflicts in Southern Sudan and in Darfur have their origin in the decay of the Sudanese state and in both cases did political marginalisation resulted in political exclusion. Another resemblance between the two wars is the acute identity crisis that resulted from the long history of stratification and discrimination. Both warring groups want to reassert their distinguishing characteristics in the respective conflicts where ‘Arab’ and ‘African’ have distinctive meanings and are used as racial, cultural, and political identities. The third similarity between the South and Darfur is the ethnic cleansing tactics and policies the Sudanese government has adopted. The differences between these two wars is that Southern Sudan has developed into a war over national resources while Darfur does not share the same strategic commodities. The second is secession. The South started as a secessionist war while neither of the rebel groups in Darfur have demanded any form of self-determination. Darfur has also seen relatively timely international attention compared to Southern Sudan. Comparing the two conflicts do reveal that neither religion nor race is at the heart of Sudan’s wars. Instead, the root of the insurgencies is largely founded upon culturally and regionally imposed economic and political marginalisation coupled with the politicization of ethnic identities. The challenge for Sudan will be to create a new consciousness of common identity and a new meaning of belonging that grants peace, dignity, development and fundamental human rights.
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Al-Husseini, Dalia Z. (Dalia Zuehir). "Aqaba's Old Town : proposed model for community development within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39308.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-55).
As a recently designated Special Economic Zone in 2001 and Jordan's only port, Aqaba has been experiencing a major economic boom and rapid development at a scale previously unprecedented in Jordan. Under the governance of the Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) investments and growth so far have largely focused on new developments bypassing the more distressed parts of the city. Community development and upgrading efforts in Aqaba have thus far fallen short. Efforts are scattered, jurisdictions are unclear, and there is a definite lack of a coherent strategy and clear mechanisms for community development within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ). This thesis examines the Aqaba Old Town critically and suggests developing it as a model for community upgrading and revitalization within ASEZ. Through examining the existing stakeholders and roles, I arrive at a suggested strategy for the Old Town that would serve as model for community upgrading within ASEZ.
by Dalia Z. Al-Husseini.
S.M.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Martin Lábaj, and Patrik Pruzinský. "Prospective Ageing and Economic Growth in Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4080/1/wp165.pdf.
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We assess empirically the role played by prospective ageing measures as a predictor of income growth in Europe. We show that prospective ageing measures which move beyond chronological age and incorporate changes in life expectancy are able to explain better the recent long-run growth experience of European economies. The improvement in explanatory power of prospective ageing indicators as compared to standard measures based on chronological age is particularly relevant for long-run economic growth horizons. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Hu, Xiaohui [Verfasser]. "Exploring Differentiated Economic Adaptation and Adaptability of Old Industrial Areas in Transitional China / Xiaohui Hu." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076038344/34.
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Grossmann, Volker. "Inequality, economic growth, and technological change : new aspects in an old debate; with ... 5 tables /." Heidelberg ; New York : Physica-Verl, 2001. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz088958752cov.htm.
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Muruthi, James. "PERCEPTIONS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN OLD AGE: THE CASE OF RURAL ELDERS OF MARAIGUSHU, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335322687.
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Souza, Helaine Pereira de. "Coletivo Cultarte: limites e possibilidades para autonomia e empoderamento de mulheres no antigo quilombo do Cabula." Faculdade de Educação, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26548.
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Capes
O CULTARTE é um coletivo de artesãs, que passaram a se organizar após diagnosticarem demandas comuns, no mercado produtivo. Estas mulheres residem em diversas localidades que compõem o antigo quilombo do Cabula, lócus de atuação do Projeto Turismo de Base Comunitária no Cabula e entorno. Interessa-nos investigar, se seria possível, para essas mulheres, por meio de práticas democráticas mais autônomas, o acesso a serviços e geração de renda. A visibilidade oferecida pelo desenvolvimento de um turismo de base comunitária nas suas localidades, proporcionaria a essas mulheres maior possibilidade de romper com as múltiplas vulnerabilidades que lhes alcançam? Aproximamo-nos, das atuações e práticas dessas mulheres por meio de um estudo de caso, de caso único, que combinou diferentes técnicas de pesquisa, tais como: entrevista às integrantes do CULTARTE e antigos moradores do antigo quilombo do Cabula; observação, por meio de participações em reuniões, assembleias, cursos e feiras promovidas pelo Coletivo; questionários, aplicados instrumentos quantitativos com as integrantes do CULTARTE, de modo a traçar perfil socioeconômico; análise de documentos, em que reunimos o Regimento do Coletivo, documentos dos órgãos oficiais da Prefeitura Municipal, do Governo do Estado e Federal e documentos históricos, tendo a triangulação como forma de análise dos dados. Essa tese apresenta como produto, um objeto digital “Mapa Cultural” como possibilidade de conferir visibilidade ao Coletivo CULTARTE, por compreendermos que ações de associativismos, cooperação entre mulheres favorece autonomia e empoderamento, contribuindo para a superação de vulnerabilidades, na medida em que possibilita maior visibilidade e espaços na esfera produtiva.
ABSTRACT CULTARTE is a collective of artisans, who began to organize after examing common diagnotic demands to them, in the productive market. These women live in several localities that compose the old quilombo from Cabula in Bahia-Brasil, locus of action of the Community Based Tourism Project in Cabula and surroundings. It is interesting to investigate whether it would be possible for these women, through more autonomous democratic practices, to access services and generate income? Would the visibility offered by the development of community-based tourism in their localities give them greater opportunity to break with their multiple vulnerabilities? We approach the actions and practices of these women through a case study, a single case, which combined different research techniques, such as interviews with members of CULTARTE and former residents of the former quilombo from Cabula in Bahia-Brasil; observation, through participation in meetings, assemblies, courses and fairs promoted by the Collective; questionnaires, quantitative instruments were applied with the members of CULTARTE, in order to draw a socioeconomic profile; analysis of documents, in which we gathered the Collective Regiment, official document of the city hall, documents of the State and Federal Government and historical documents, using triangulation as a form of data analysis. This thesis presents as a product a digital object "Cultural Map" as a possibility to confer visibility to the CULTARTE Collective, because we understand that actions of associations, cooperation among women possibility autonomy and empowerment, contributing to overcoming vulnerabilities, as it allows greater visibility and spaces in the productive sphere.
RESUMEN El CULTARTE es un colectivo de artesanas, que pasaron a organizarse después de diagnosticar demandas comunes en el mercado productivo. Estas mujeres residen en diversas localidades que componen el antiguo quilombo del Cabula; hoy barrio de Cabula en la ciudad de Salvador; locus de actuación del Proyecto Turismo de Base Comunitaria en el Cabula y su entorno. En este caso interesa investigar si es posible, para esas mujeres, el acceso a servicios y a la generación de ingresos por medio de prácticas democráticas más autónomas. Al mismo tiempo conocer si la visibilidad ofrecida por el desarrollo de un turismo de base comunitaria en sus localidades, proporcionaría mayor posibilidad de romper con las múltiples vulnerabilidades que les alcanzan. Nos acercamos a esas actuaciones y prácticas de este grupo de mujeres por medio de un estudio de caso. Combinamos diferentes técnicas de investigación, como entrevistas a las integrantes del CULTARTE y a los antiguos residentes de lo que fuera el quilombo del Cabula. También se realizaron observaciones a través de la participación en reuniones, asambleas, cursos y ferias promovidas por el Colectivo. Se aplicaron cuestionarios, cuantitativos a las integrantes del CULTARTE, para trazar un perfil socioeconómico y se analizó el Reglamento del Colectivo; otros documentos de los órganos oficiales del Ayuntamiento Municipal, del Gobierno del Estado y Federal y documentos históricos. Siendo la triangulación el formato de análisis de los datos. Esta tesis presenta como producto un objeto digital denominado "Mapa Cultural" con la finalidad de visibilizar las actividades del Colectivo CULTARTE. De esta manera se intenta comprender que acciones asociativas y de cooperación entre mujeres favorecen la autonomía y el empoderamiento y contribuyen a la superación de vulnerabilidades, en la medida en que mejora la visibilidad en los espacios en la esfera productiva.
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Sejanamane, Nkhahle Daniel. "Challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20477.
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The research set out to explore the nature of challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho. Poor institutional capacity failed the implementing agency, the Department of Pensions; to set up competent administrative structures to run run the pensions effectively and efficiently. A number of challenges have been identified, some of which were: inadequate supervision of the paying officers, fraud by workers and community agents, missing funds, insufficient resources, inadequate administrative capacity, overworked employees, faulty targeting, soft and discriminatory approach to non-compliance with rules and multiple use of identity documents by recipients. On the other hand, a number of opportunities have been identified to counteract the challenges. The main recommendation of the study was the engagement of mobile phone-based money transfer facilities to transfer the old age pensions from the government to the recipients. The Department of Pensions should make use of baseline database like information from civil registration agency like the Ministry of Home Affairs to confirm the validity of the pension recipients. Other recommendations included moving the division of old age pensions from the Pensions Department to the Ministry of Social Development which is the controlling body for other forms of social grants in Lesotho. The Ministry of Social Development is regarded as well equipped with qualified staff and facilities to deal with vulnerable people like the elderly.
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Dubey, Megha. "Regenerative Design for the Urban Roofscape of Old Delhi, India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535467556932406.
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Laraya, Lynnda Marie B. (Lynnda Marie Baua). "The Philippine Subic special economic and free port zone : a new approach to an old strategy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12412.
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Venâncio, Sara Filipa Meixedo. "Does financial development promote economic growth?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6301.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraThis study investigates the relationship between financial development and economic growth, using two panel of 17 and 19 developed countries, covering the period from 1980 to 2011 and 2000 to 2011, respectively. This study includes variables that measure the development of the financial sector in order to explain the GDP per capita growth, using modified ordinary least squares, fixed and random effects estimations. The results indicate that domestic credit provided by banking sector and domestic credit to the private sector are (in most estimations) negatively correlated with growth. This may be explained by poor and inefficient credit allocation. The results also show that gross domestic savings and M2 play a significant role in economic growth. Moreover, the ratio non-performing loans/total loans is positively correlated with GDP, particularly for estimations where credit variables were excluded. Little evidence was found from the relationship between liquidity provided by the banking system and capital markets, and economic development.
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Dotterweich, Andy R. "An Economic Analysis of the Village of Stone Mountain Bluegrass, Old-Time Music, and Country Dance Festival." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3809.
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Zhang, Xin. "An investigation of the management and socio-economic impacts of the 2006 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1602.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007.South Africa is a fast growing and developing sport tourism destination and has hosted various international sport tourism events. With specific reference to the 2006 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon (OMTOM), which is considered one the most beautiful marathons in the world, this study focuses on different stakeholders' perceptions concerning the management and socio-economic impacts of sport tourism events. Questionnaire surveys for spectators (n=200), participants (n=200) and residents (n=400), as well as key informant interviews for established businesses (n=20), stallholders/exhibitors (n=20), sponsors (n=4), the event organiser (n=1) and the destination marketing organisation (n=1), were designed specifically for this study. Spatially-based random sampling for spectators and participants, was implemented, while purposive sampling for residents, stallholders/exhibitors, established businesses, sponsors, the event organiser and CTRU, were adopted to collect data. Volume counts were undertaken to estimate the number of spectators, while the number of participants was provided by the event organisers. The direct economic impact of the total of the event's contribution to the local economy was ascertained by utilising spending patterns of the spectators and participants. The contribution of the event to the local economy is estimated at R44.7 million, which is relatively significant. The event is diverse in terms of spectators and participants. The stakeholders were generally satisfied with the event organisation. Engendering community pride, utilising a sport tourism event as a regional showcase and providing economic opportunities for local businesses in terms of leveraging opportunities, were key benefits for local businesses and residents in close proximity to the race route. However, problems such as traffic congestion and insufficient parking were raised by all stakeholders and there is still room for improvement in this area as well as the management on the day of the event. The study reveals that there is a greater need to consider attendees' motivations, spending patterns, perceptions and altitudes, demographic profiles, the dire need for community involvement, as well as current and possible event leveraging opportunities for local businesses to enhance the management and positive impacts of sport tourism events. Furthermore, this study also provides holistic information to manage sport tourism events and to retain standard service quality, fulfil customer satisfaction and generate more economic, socio-cultural benefits for the tourist destination in a sustainable manner. Stakeholders can share information, which would improve relevant performance problems in the sport tourism event industry, moreover, effectively make management decisions and assess the socio-economic impacts of sport tourism events.
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Pottaki, Iphigenia. "Competition and co-operation in Europe : new perspectives, old ideas and the experience of Greek co-operatives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365528.
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Woods, Susan E. "The role of the 'old' in new economic geography : the survival and significance of a mature industrial district." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266181.
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Knowles, Jason Mark. "Economic restructuring and changing governance in an old industrial region : a case study of West Cumbria and Furness." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366730.
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Olaison, Anna. "Negotiating needs : Processing older persons as home care recipients in gerontological social work practices." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, NISAL - Nationella institutet för forskning om äldre och åldrande, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15968.
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The study concerns the needs assessment processes that older persons undergo to gain access to home care. The participation of older persons, their relatives and municipal care managers was studied from a communicative perspective. The assessment meetings functions as formal problem-solving events. The older persons´ accounts are negotiated discursively in interaction. Various storylines are used by the older persons and their relatives whether they view home care as an intrusion, as a complement or as a right. In case of divergent opinions the older person has the final say as prescribed by the Swedish social service act. One conclusion is that the role of relatives is not defined and a family perspective is not present. In the study the institutional structure of the assessment process was also analyzed. Older persons are processed into clients; their needs are fitted within the framework of documentation and institutional categories. In the transfer of talk to text all the particulars are not reflected and two types of documentation was identified; a fact-oriented objective language or an event-oriented personal language. Care management models and a managerialist thinking has influenced the assessment process by bureaucratisation of older people trough people processing, which is in contradiction to the individual-centric perspective prescribed by the law. The introduction of care management models in gerontological social work has lead to an embedded contradiction and constitutes a welfare political dilemma. Improved communicative methods are needed in order to achieve a holistic assessment situation.Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i de bedömningsprocesser äldre personer genomgår för att få tillgång till hjälp i hemmet. Bedömningsprocessen där äldre, deras anhö-riga och kommunala behovsbedömare deltog studerades ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv. Interaktionen vid behovsbedömningssamtalet fungerar som en pro-blemlösningsprocess. Den äldre personens redogörelse för behov förhandlas diskursivt i interaktionen och tre olika berättelselinjer identifierades, baserade på om de sökande betraktar hemtjänsten som ett intrång, som ett komplement och stöd eller som en rättighet. När olika åsikter uttrycks har de äldre sista ordet i enlighet med Socialtjänstlagens föreskrifter. En slutsats är att de anhörigas roll i behovsbedömningsprocessen inte är definierad och att ett familjeperspektiv sak-nas. I studien analyserades också bedömningsprocessens institutionella struktur. De äldre behovssökande processas till att bli klienter, deras behov anpassas till dokumentationens ramverk och kategoriseras i enlighet med institutionella kate-gorier. I transfereringen av tal till text redovisas inte samtliga element i samtalet. Två typer av utredningstext identifierades, den faktaorienterade och den händelse-orienterade. I studien diskuteras det marknadsekonomiska tänkande som kommit att påverka bedömningsprocessen genom byråkratisering vilket står i motsatsställ-ning till det individcentrerade perspektiv som lagen förespråkar. Introduktionen av marknadsmodeller i det gerontologiska sociala arbetet har medfört en inbyggd motsättning och utgör ett välfärdspolitiskt dilemma. Förbättrade kommunikativa metoder behövs för att uppnå en holistisk bedömningsprocess.
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Ng, Kok Hoe. "The prospects for old-age income security in Hong Kong and Singapore." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/786/.
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Family support is the central pillar of old-age income security in Hong Kong and Singapore. But demographic ageing, among the fastest internationally, implies fewer adult children to provide support, while the public pension systems remain lean even by East Asian standards. Future elderly cohorts therefore face growing risks of financial hardship. This study examines the current extent of this problem, its prospects in the coming decades, and the possibilities of pension reform. It is unique in combining historical and prospective approaches towards policy causes and effects within a comparative framework. First, it analyses work, incomes, and living arrangements among elderly persons in 1995/1996 and 2005/2006 using microdata from national surveys. Next, it models possible living arrangements, income sources, and pension outcomes for future elderly cohorts using a macrosimulation model and illustrative cases. Finally, it examines the historical factors affecting pension policy development and assesses the potential for reform. Elderly poverty is more serious than often acknowledged—three quarters of elderly persons have incomes below 40% of the median wage, including a quarter of those in work in Singapore. Children‘s transfers are prevalent and large, while co-residence boosts elderly incomes on a household basis. But co-residence is already falling. By 2030, half of elderly persons may not live with their children. Almost a third may have access to neither market income nor children‘s contributions. Pensions are estimated to replace less than a third of men‘s final wage and are equivalent to a quarter or less of the median wage for women. Although developmental policy paradigms disfavour generous public pension systems in both places, explicit policy demands by the public keep up the pressure on policymakers in Hong Kong. In Singapore, reform prospects may depend on the growth of ideational competition and the availability of policy proposals to focus public concerns and rejuvenate policy thinking.
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Kekec, Ibrahim. "The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment And The Macro Economy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103343/.
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In this thesis, I first investigate the relation between the aggregate unemployment rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows. To study this relationship, I use a panel data set that contains 45 (developed and developing) countries observed from 1987 through 2008, and I employ Arellano and Bonds generalized methods of moments (ABGMM) estimation method for dynamic panel data. My results show that FDI inflows and outflows are not determinants of the aggregate unemployment rate. In addition, in line with macroeconomic theory, the previous level of aggregate unemployment has a positive impact on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Again, as macroeconomic theory suggests, my results show that per capita real gross domestic product (RGDP) has a negative effect on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Second, I study the long-run relationship between exports and per capita gross domestic product (instrumented by total population) using a panel data set of 51 countries from 1970 through 2008. To study this relationship, I employ the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation method. I find that the percentage of exports in nominal gross domestic products (GDP) is sensitive to changes in the populations of host countries and, hence, to the changes in their GDP. In addition, my results show that the agreement on trade related investment measures increased the percentage of exports in the nominal GDP of developed host countries more than it did in developing host countries.
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Sousa, Jane Ferreira de. "Indications Resignifying old practices: non agricultural practices as surviving strategies in the case of Santa Maria do Suaçuí MG." Centro Universitário de Caratinga, 2006. http://bibliotecadigital.unec.edu.br/bdtdunec/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=33.
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lt;p align="justify"gt; The modernization of the agriculture is founded on the logic that presupposed an identity between agriculture development and rural development. Where these policies had been implemented, it has been proved that while agriculture modernized, rural poverty persisted and grew, still where it occurred, the familiar agriculturists were excluded from the markets. This allows us to justify that the parameters of rural development surpass the agriculture sphere. This research analyses the strategies of reproduction of familiar farms of the municipality of Santa Maria do Suaçuí, which has passed through a long period of economic stagnation, showing an under-developed agriculture excluded from the technological development. This process generates new techno productive dynamics causing strong impacts on rural development. On one hand, many producers have abandoned the agricultural business freeing family labor force from farming activities. On the other side, there is growing numbers of agriculturists, and their families, who no longer run activities related to agricultural business. In this process it has appeared the pluriactive family, which combines the agricultural activities with the non agricultural businesses, inside and outside the farm. This is a case study of the family farms of Santa Maria do Suaçuí, a municipality that has gone through economic hardship still produces and survives. It was learned that the familiar agriculturists of Santa Maria do Suaçuí established a system of production based in cooperation with each other, characterized by the existing relations of reciprocity e solidarity in community lives. From then on, many agriculturists have become to carry on a variety of different activities, not all directly linked with agricultural. Poultry, milk and vegetables productions are the main strategies of reproduction linked to agriculture. Agroindustrialization and services have also increased. This development of new activities provoke social differentiation, however, the mercantilism didnt imply the proletarianisation of agriculturists, but causes the appearance of new social reproduction strategies. Therefore, it is believed that the main contribution of this study to the familiar agriculture is the analysis of surviving alternatives for familiar agriculturists in economic stagnated areas.lt;/pgt;lt;p align="justify"gt; A lógica que fundamentou a modernização da agricultura pressupunha uma identidade entre desenvolvimento agrícola e desenvolvimento rural. Sabe-se hoje que, onde essas políticas foram implementadas, a agricultura se modernizou, mas a pobreza rural persistiu e ainda, onde ela ocorreu, os agricultores foram excluídos dos mercados. É justamente este fato que permite afirmar que os parâmetros de desenvolvimento rural transcendem a esfera agrícola. Este trabalho aborda justamente as estratégias de reprodução da agricultura familiar do município de Santa Maria do Suaçuí, que tem passado por um longo processo de estagnação econômica, apresentando uma agricultura atrasada e excluída dos processos tecnológicos. Este processo gera novas dinâmicas técnico-produtivas que causam fortes impactos sobre o meio rural. Por um lado, muitos têm abandonado a atividade agrícola liberando mão-de-obra no interior das famílias. Por outro, aumenta o número de agricultores e de seus familiares ocupados em atividades que não estão mais diretamente relacionadas à agricultura. No âmbito deste processo surgem as famílias pluriativas, as quais passam a combinar as atividades agrícolas com as atividades não-agrícolas, tanto interna como externamente às propriedades. Neste sentido, o presente estudo terá como principio metodológico que o norteia a técnica do estudo de caso que é um recurso pelo qual se procura estudar uma determinada realidade exaustivamente a fim de se obter o máximo de informações possíveis. Trata-se de um estudo empírico que investiga um fenômeno mediante a utilização de várias fontes de evidências, tanto qualitativas quanto quantitativas. A partir dessas técnicas procurou-se verificar como a agricultura familiar em Santa Maria do Suaçuí, um município que tem passado por grande retração econômica, vem se reproduzindo e sobrevivendo. Para tanto se percebe que os agricultores familiares de Santa Maria do Suaçuí estabeleceram um sistema produtivo baseado numa forma de sociabilidade caracterizada pela existência de relações de reciprocidade e solidariedade em nível de comunidade. A partir de então, muitos agricultores passam a se dedicar a diferentes atividades, tanto na agricultura como fora dela. A produção de frangos, suínos, leite e hortaliças, são as principais estratégias de reprodução ligadas à agricultura. A agroindústria e a prestação de serviços são as principais estratégias não-agrícolas. O desenvolvimento das novas atividades leva os agricultores a uma diferenciação social, todavia, a mercantilização não implicou na proletarização dos agricultores, mas no aparecimento de novas estratégias sociais de reprodução. Nesse sentido, acredita-se que a principal contribuição desta dissertação ao estudo da agricultura familiar e da pluriatividade consista na revelação de alternativas de sobrevivência para agricultores familiares de áreas de economia estagnada, bem como do local em que estes processos estão se desenvolvendo.lt;/pgt;
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Karkuki, Osguei Nushin. "The relationship between socio-economic variation and nutritional status of under five year old Nepalese children and their mothers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648724.
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Olsen, Wendy. "Neuro-correlates of Word Processing among Four-and-Five-Year-Old Children from Homes Varying in Socio-Economic Status." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7879.
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A large body of research relates families’ socioeconomic status (SES) to child language development (Hoff & Tian, 2005). Results from these studies indicate preschoolers from low SES backgrounds may have underdeveloped linguistic foundations required for future academic success (Sirin, 2005; Lacouri & Tissington, 2011). These differences have been said to create a 30 million word-gap between the language experiences of low and middle to high SES children by the age of 3 years. Thus, children who come from lower SES backgrounds often lack the vocabulary knowledge used in school and in textbooks (Hart & Risley, 1995). One index of SES is parental level of education, specifically maternal education (Hoff & Tien, 2005). The current study compared the language processes related to word knowledge of 17 preschoolers who live in lower maternal education attainment (LEA) homes and 17 preschoolers who live in higher maternal education attainment (HEA) homes. An event related potential (ERP) thought to index semantic congruity and comprehension monitoring, the N400, was used. Preschoolers listened to nouns and verbs presented aurally that matched or mismatched with pictures to understand how preschoolers from varying SES backgrounds process linguistic stimuli. Additionally, participants completed an Auditory Oddball Paradigm, or tone judgment task, to evaluate how preschoolers categorized and judged non-linguistic stimuli (e.g., standard and target pure tones). Tone judgment results revealed a Group x region midline interaction, indicating that the groups may recruit different neural resources to judge tones. The noun picture task results indicated that the HEA group processed familiar object labels more robustly and quicker than the LEA group. N400 results did not differ for the verb picture task. These results may indicate that both groups require more neural resources to process action labels and that perhaps verbs represent a higher level of linguistic complexity for young children. These results provide preliminary evidence of neural linguistic processing differences between preschoolers from varying socioeconomic backgrounds. Because of the lack of minimal differences on associated behavioral measures of language, one may speculate that ERP underpinnings as exemplified in the current study may hold promise for identifying subtle underlying differences in the processing of language among preschoolers
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SMITH, WINIFRED KAYE. "NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS RETENTION AND EXPANSION: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE OLD NORTH DAYTON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078359958.
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Kalula, Mpiana. "Investigating the Socio-Economic Impact of the Old Age Pension in the Pensioner Household within Selected Areas of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=td_cput.
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Lincecum, Joshua E. "“The Grand Old Man of Cotton”: Colonel Henry G. Hester, Economic Innovation, and the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 1871-1932." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2170.
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After the American Civil War, and the collapse of the market in slave-produced cotton in the South, cotton merchants in New Orleans faced challenges in re-establishing the city as a central port for Southern cotton. As commodities exchanges emerged as centralized spaces for business in the 1870s, a new class of experts emerged, upon whose reports traders bought and sold newly developed securities derivatives. Henry G. Hester (1846- 1934), Secretary of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, was an integral player in the development of the methods that governed sophisticated commodities trading around the world. His career at the New Orleans Cotton Exchange tells the story of the arrival of these methods and subsequent downfall of Euro-American centrality in the global cotton empire and contradicts previous histories that deemphasize Southern businesspersons’ contributions to modernization.
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Landes, Charlotte. "Private Corrections, Public Implications: The Local Economic Effects of Private Prisons." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1368362798.
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Linderts, Gavin Sebastian. "Estimating the HIV prevalence among permanent employees of Old Mutual (SA) : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/885.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Menslike immuungebrekvirus (MIV) en Verworwe immuniteitsgebrek sindroom (VIGS) is een van die grootste uitdagings waarvoor werkgewers vandag te staan kom, en behoort die stukrag te wees vir ’n deeglike ondersoek om die voorkoms van hierdie toestand in die werkplek so akkuraat as moontlik te bepaal. So ’n ondersoek kan lig werp op toekomstige demografiese arbeidsmagtendense en verwante koste, byvoorbeeld verlies aan produktiwiteit en dienslewering weens afwesigheid, ’n toename in aftredes, en stygende sieke- en pensioenfondseise wat waarskynlik ingedien sal word. Daarbenewens kan so ’n ondersoek die werkgewer in staat stel om noukeuriger vir die toekoms te beplan, vanuit die oogpunt van finansies sowel as menslike hulpbronne. Daar is egter ’n neiging by werkgewers om MIV/VIGS steeds as ’n maatskaplike of samelewingsprobleem eerder as ’n besigheidspesifieke risiko te beskou. Onkunde is meestal die rede hiervoor. Werkgewers neig om weg te skram van direkte risikobestuur, dikwels met die argument dat dit die regering se plig is om MIV/VIGS-opleiding en gesondheidsorg te voorsien. Sodoende word die bestaande verhouding van ‘ekwilibriumkonvergensie’ tussen die staat, sakesektor en arbeid verydel. MIV/VIGS moet soos ander groot geïdentifiseerde sakerisiko’s beskou, gemeet en proaktief bestuur word, net soos met wisselkoers wisselvalligheid, politieke en infrastrukturele risiko’s, en persoonlike en batesekuriteit. Hoewel hierdie risikofaktore dwarsoor die wêreld bestaan, en sommiges in ander wêrelddele groter is, het hul gekombineerde uitwerking veral in Suider-Afrika ernstige implikasies vir investering en die koste om hier sake te doen. Soos alle ander sakerisiko’s moet die hantering daarvan multidimensioneel wees: • Identifiseer, meet en bestuur die risiko; plaas MIV/VIGS eerste op die direksie se agenda. • Stel senior beamptes aan om die risiko te bestuur. • Evalueer bestuurstrukture en intervensie stappe gereeld. • MIV/VIGS opleiding is die sleutel, vir bestuurslede sowel as werknemers. Risikobestuur moet holisties wees. So byvoorbeeld is dit nutteloos om gesondheidsorg sonder proaktiewe pasiëntebestuur te voorsien. En net soos wat behandelingsplanne sonder befondsing sinloos is, is dit futiel om goed befondsde voordeelplanne te skep as behandeling nie toeganklik is nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die proses wat Old Mutual (SA) gevolg het om die voorkoms van MIV onder sy 13 000 permanente werknemers landwyd te eksploreer. Die statistiese uitkoms sal dan gebruik word om te bepaal of Old Mutual (SA) wel sy doelwitte in terme van werknemersgelykheid sal bereik en behou, gegewe die MIV/VIGS pandemie. Vooruitskouings oor die implikasies van MIV/VIGS vir Old Mutual (SA) moet met die nodige omsigtigheid benader word, alhoewel hierdie studie aandui dat dit moontlik implikasies kan inhou vir werkverskaffing in die toekoms, gegewe die wetlike vereistes vir die verskeie aangewese groepe. MIV/VIGS lei nie net tot siekte, ongeskiktheid en dood onder Old Mutual (SA) se werknemers nie. Tesame met ernstige ekonomiese en emosionele ontwrigting vir hul gesinne, verhoog dit ook die koste om in Suid-Afrika sake te doen. Hierdie koste sluit die volgende in: • verhoogde gesondheidsorgkoste; • meer eise vir aftree-, pensioen- en doodsvoordele; • laer produktiwiteit namate afwesigheid van die werk styg weens siekte, hetsy eie of siek familielede na wie omgesien moet word; en • verhoogde koste vir personeelwerwing, arbeidsomset en opleiding weens die verlies van ervare personeel.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the greatest challenges facing employers today, and should provide the impetus for a thorough investigation among employees in order to arrive at an estimate of HIV prevalence within the workplace. Such an investigation could shed light on future demographic workforce trends as well as related costs, e.g. loss in productivity and service delivery due to absenteeism, increased retirement and a rise in medical aid and pension fund claims that the employer is likely to encounter. Furthermore, this investigation could enable the employer to plan better for the future – both from a financial and human resources viewpoint. In the ‘real’ world though, employers still perceive HIV/AIDS as a social or community problem rather than a business specific risk. Employers, largely through ignorance, tend to shy away from direct risk management – often using the argument that it is the government’s responsibility to provide HIV/AIDS education and healthcare. In this way they nullify the existing ‘equilibrium convergence’ relationship between the state, business and labour. HIV/AIDS must be measured and proactively managed and should be regarded in the same light as other major identified business risks, e.g. personal and asset security, exchange rate volatility, and political and infrastructure risks. While it is true that all of these particular risk factors exist across the globe, and may be greater in other parts of the world, nowhere else do they seem to combine with such severe implications to deter investment and raise the cost of doing business than in Southern Africa. As for any other business risk, the response should be multi-dimensional: • Identify, measure and manage; place HIV/AIDS at the top of board agendas. • Appoint senior executives to manage the risk. • Regularly evaluate management structures and interventions. • HIV/AIDS education is key to both management and employees. Risk management should be holistic. For example, providing healthcare without proactive patient management is pointless. Similarly, treatment plans without funding are futile, and well-funded benefit plans without practical access to treatment are a waste of time. The aim of this study is to explore the process Old Mutual (SA) followed in estimating the HIV prevalence among its 13 000 permanent employees nationally. The resultant statistics would then be used to project whether or not Old Mutual (SA) will be able to achieve and sustain its employment equity targets, given the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Predictions on the implications of HIV/AIDS for Old Mutual (SA) should be approached with due caution, although this study suggests that it could probably seriously impact on shortages in the supply of labour in future, given the legislative requirements for the various designated groupings. HIV/AIDS not only causes illness, disability and death among Old Mutual (SA) employees, coupled with severe economic and emotional disruption for their families, it also increases the cost of doing business in South Africa. These costs include: • increased healthcare expenses; • increased retirement, pension and death benefit claims; • decreased productivity as worker absenteeism rises owing to personal illness, or absence from work to care for sick relatives; and • increased recruitment, labour turnover and training costs due to loss of experienced workers.
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Chu, Eva Pui Yi. "Women in the middle : economic restrictions and informal care : an exploratory study on the economic disadvantages of female informal carers of the Chinese old people in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1995. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/45.
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Weis, Christian. "Inventing a capitalist region : Upper Silesia/Poland : economic transformations in old-industrial and post-Socialist spaces of Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435906.
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Kasere, Gayle Farai. "Cash transfers and poverty reduction in South Africa: a case study of old age pensions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003109.
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Social assistance in the form of cash grants is a large and fiscally costly component of anti-poverty policy in South Africa. A critical question arises: Are the grants effective tools for reducing poverty in South Africa and, moreover, how significant is their impact on poverty? As a measure of reducing poverty, the government has expanded the social grants system since the advent of the new democracy in 1994. The country's social grant system is quite comprehensive and it is intended to cover vulnerable individuals over their life course from childhood to adulthood and into old age. Policy discourse surrounding the grants centres on the sustainability of the system and its implications for socio-economic development and poverty alleviation. It is therefore important that the significance of grants is identified and assessed particularly in relation to very poor households. This dissertation focuses specifically on one particular grant, namely, the old age pension. It does so in the context of the sustainable livelihoods conceptual framework and the history of the social grant system in South Africa. Statistical data collected by the South African government as well as more localised evidence gathered in the Eastern Cape town of Grahamstown is used to ascertain the significance of old age pensions for poverty reduction. While there is some evidence to suggest that pensions contribute to poverty reduction, this does not translate into poverty alleviation. In fact, there is some unevenness in the impact of pensions on poverty. In this regard, the decision-making structures in poor households regularly influence the way pension money is allocated and used within households. Grant money is normally shared in extended households, such that the pension does not simply benefit the recipient but the recipient's household as a whole. Although there is cause for concern regarding the propensity of social grants to affect people's behaviour negatively, there is a case to be made for retaining grants as an important, though not the only, form of anti-poverty strategy. This highlights the need for continued research on the social grant system and pensions more specifically.