Academic literature on the topic 'Old Forge Press'

The problem which is often faced by small scale industry is the conventional problems, i.e. product quality, capacities, technology, management, marketing and capital. Its low quality of roof tile product yielded by Small and Middle Industry because of raw material quality, technological process applied, labour skill and equipments of production. While the capacity of production is influenced by labour skill, equipments of production and availability of raw material. Mechanism of roof tile press machine which is used during this time (existing equipment) by small scale roof tile industry is machine of manual press by exploiting arm torque. The weakness from this system is the lack of density of tile affected by low emphasis force (100 kgs) and long production cycle. This condition will produce roof tile with low density and low production capacity ( 80 roof liles per machine unit every hour). The solution offered to overcome the problem of quality and capacity of roof tile product is by improving the performance of production equipments, so that production process which is counducted can produce the better product and higher level production capacity. The old roof tile press machine will all its insuffiency will be substituted with the roof tile press machine using transmission power screw. The new design of press machine can produce the emphasis force 220 kgs and production capacity 150 roof tile per machine unit every 1 hour.

-Louis Allaire, Samuel M. Wilson, Hispaniola: Caribbean chiefdoms in the age of Columbus. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990. xi + 170 pp.-Douglas Melvin Haynes, Philip D. Curtin, Death by migration: Europe's encounter with the tropical world in the nineteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xviii + 251 pp.-Dale Tomich, J.H. Galloway, The sugar cane industry: An historical geography from its origins to 1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xii + 266 pp.-Myriam Cottias, Dale Tomich, Slavery in the circuit of sugar: Martinique and the world economy, 1830 -1848. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1990. xiv + 352 pp.-Robert Forster, Pierre Dessalles, La vie d'un colon à la Martinique au XIXe siècle. Pré-senté par Henri de Frémont. Courbevoie: s.n., 1984-1988, four volumes, 1310 pp.-Hilary Beckles, Douglas V. Armstrong, The old village and the great house: An archaeological and historical examination of Drax Hall Plantation, St Ann's Bay, Jamaica. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1990. xiii + 393 pp.-John Stewart, John A. Lent, Caribbean popular culture. Bowling Green OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990. 157 pp.-W. Marvin Will, Susanne Jonas ,Democracy in Latin America: Visions and realities. New York: Bergin & Garvey Publishers, 1990. viii + 224 pp., Nancy Stein (eds)-Forrest D. Colburn, Kathy McAfee, Storm signals: Structural adjustment and development alternatives in the Caribbean. London: Zed books, 1991. xii + 259 pp.-Derwin S. Munroe, Peggy Antrobus ,In the shadows of the sun: Caribbean development alternatives and U.S. policy. Carmen Diana Deere (coordinator), Peter Phillips, Marcia Rivera & Helen Safa. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990. xvii + 246 pp., Lynne Bolles, Edwin Melendez (eds)-William Roseberry, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., Lords of the mountain: Social banditry and peasant protest in Cuba, 1878-1918. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. xvii + 267 pp.-William Roseberry, Rosalie Schwartz, Lawless liberators, political banditry and Cuban independence. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1989. x + 297 pp.-Robert L. Paquette, Robert M. Levine, Cuba in the 1850's: Through the lens of Charles DeForest Fredricks. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1990. xv + 86 pp.-José Sánchez-Boudy, Gustavo Pérez Firmat, The Cuban condition: Translation and identity in modern Cuban literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. viii + 185 pp.-Dick Parker, Jules R. Benjamin, The United States and the origins of the Cuban revolution: An empire of liberty in an age of national liberation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. xi + 235 pp.-George Irvin, Andrew Zimbalist ,The Cuban economy: Measurement and analysis of socialist performance. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1989. xiv + 220 pp., Claes Brundenius (eds)-Menno Vellinga, Frank T. Fitzgerald, Managing socialism: From old Cadres to new professionals in revolutionary Cuba. New York: Praeger, 1990. xiv + 161 pp.-Patricia R. Pessar, Eugenia Georges, The making of a transnational community: Migration, development, and cultural change in the Dominican republic. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. xi + 270 pp.-Lucía Désir, Maria Dolores Hajosy Benedetti, Earth and spirit: Healing lore and more from Puerto Rico. Maplewood NJ: Waterfront Press, 1989. xvii + 245 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner, Jr., Percy C. Hintzen, The costs of regime survival: Racial mobilization, elite domination and control of the state in Guyana and Trinidad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. x + 240 pp.-Judith Johnson, Morton Klass, Singing with the Sai Baba: The politics of revitalization in Trinidad. Boulder CO: Westview, 1991. xvi + 187 pp.-Aisha Khan, Selwyn Ryan, The Muslimeen grab for power: Race, religion and revolution in Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Spain: Inprint Caribbean, 1991. vii + 345 pp.-Drexel G. Woodson, Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, Haiti: The Breached Citadel. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990. xxi + 217 pp.-O. Nigel Bolland, Howard Johnson, The Bahamas in slavery and freedom. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1991. viii + 184 pp.-Keith F. Otterbein, Charles C. Foster, Conchtown USA: Bahamian fisherfolk in Riviera beach, Florida. (with folk songs and tales collected by Veronica Huss). Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University Press, 1991. x + 176 pp.-Peter van Baarle, John P. Bennett ,Kabethechino: A correspondence on Arawak. Edited by Janette Forte. Georgetown: Demerara Publishers, 1991. vi + 271 pp., Richard Hart (eds)-Fabiola Jara, Joop Vernooij, Indianen en kerken in Suriname: identiteit en autonomie in het binnenland. Paramaribo: Stichting Wetenschappelijke Informatie (SWI), 1989. 178 pp.-Jay Edwards, C.L. Temminck Groll ,Curacao: Willemstad, city of monuments. R.G. Gill. The Hague: Gary Schwartz/SDU Publishers, 1990. 123 pp., W. van Alphen, R. Apell (eds)-Mineke Schipper, Maritza Coomans-Eustatia ,Drie Curacaose schrijvers in veelvoud. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1991. 544 pp., H.E. Coomans, Wim Rutgers (eds)-Arie Boomert, P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, De rotstekeningen van Aruba/The prehistoric rock drawings of Aruba. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Presse-Papier, 1991. 228 pp.-J.K. Brandsma, Ruben S. Gowricharn, Economische transformatie en de staat: over agrarische modernisering en economische ontwikkeling in Suriname, 1930-1960. Den Haag: Uitgeverij Ruward, 1990. 208 pp.-Henk N. Hoogendonk, M. van Schaaijk, Een macro-model van een micro-economie. Den Haag: STUSECO, 1991. 359 pp.-Bim G. Mungra, Corstiaan van der Burg ,Hindostanen in Nederland. Leuven (Belgium)/ Apeldoorn (the Netherlands): Garant Publishers, 1990. 223 pp., Theo Damsteegt, Krishna Autar (eds)-Adrienne Bruyn, J. van Donselaar, Woordenboek van het Surinaams-Nederlands. Muiderberg: Dick Coutinho, 1989. 482 pp.-Wim S. Hoogbergen, Michiel Baud ,'Cultuur in beweging': creolisering en Afro-Caraïbische cultuur. Rotterdam: Bureau Studium Generale, 1989. 93 pp., Marianne C. Ketting (eds)

This study assessed muscle-specific force in vivo following strength training in old age. Subjects were assigned to training ( n = 9, age 74.3 ± 3.5 yr; mean ± SD) and control ( n = 9, age 67.1 ± 2 yr) groups. Leg-extension and leg-press exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of the 5 repetition maximum) were performed three times/wk for 14 wk. Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle fascicle force was calculated from maximal isometric voluntary knee extensor torque with superimposed stimuli, accounting for the patella tendon moment arm length, ultrasound-based measurements of muscle architecture, and antagonist cocontraction estimated from electromyographic activity. Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was calculated from the ratio of muscle volume to fascicle length. Specific force was calculated by dividing fascicle force by PCSA. Fascicle force increased by 11%, from 847.9 ± 365.3 N before to 939.3 ± 347.8 N after training ( P < 0.05). Due to a relatively greater increase in fascicle length (11%) than muscle volume (6%), PCSA remained unchanged (pretraining: 30.4 ± 8.9 cm2; posttraining: 29.1 ± 8.4 cm2; P > 0.05). Activation capacity and VL muscle root mean square electromyographic activity increased by 5 and 40%, respectively, after training ( P < 0.05), indicating increased agonist neural drive, whereas antagonist cocontraction remained unchanged ( P > 0.05). The VL muscle-specific force increased by 19%, from 27 ± 6.3 N/cm2 before to 32.1 ± 7.4 N/cm2 after training ( P < 0.01), highlighting the effectiveness of strength training for increasing the intrinsic force-producing capacity of skeletal muscle in old age.

A procedure to mechanically force water into the bale structures of old corrugated container (OCC) material was studied and evaluated in low-consistency pulping studies. Two mechanical methods were used in the study: (1) roll pressing of sheets and (2) press wetting of bales. Mechanical pressing was first used in simple roll tests to evaluate nip pressure as an enhanced effect on wetting. Repeated press wetting treatments were found to increase water penetration into the sheets and appeared to lower wet strengths. A simple laboratory-scale bale pressing device was constructed and the effect of different parameters in wetting method was studied. We found that when a bale was pressed under water, multiple pressings were needed to get efficient press wetting. Increased temperature was found to increase water penetration inside the porous structure of linerboard. We also discovered that there must be a delay between relaxation and pressing to allow water to travel within a board and to wet all surfaces. The wetting procedure also evaluated the weight of water inside the bale. Results showed that the amount of water could be used as an indicator of the pulping kinetics and energy consumption needed to disintegrate OCC. The enhanced method (i.e., hydraulic pressing) could provide efficient wetting on an industrial scale. With this method, a 30% savings in the energy consumption required in pulping unit operation is possible.

The prescription of maximal dynamic strength training in both adults and children is based on the evaluation of maximum strength, usually by one-repetition maximum tests (1RM). This study examined the test-retest reliability and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the maximal force test and muscle power test. Forty-eight children (9–14 years old) completed two test–retest sessions that involved a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test and a muscle power test for leg extension (LE) and seated bench press (SBP). The MDC values of the 1RM test in the LE and SBP tests ranged from 7.35 to 11.34 kg and 6.84 to 7.92 kg, respectively. The MDC values of the muscle power test in the LE and SBP ranged from 30.32 to 63.20 Watt and 22.65 to 29.53 Watt, respectively. In children 9 to 14 years old, the increase of maximum strength along the growth curve was different in each muscle group studied. The repeatability of the 1RM test of the SBP was excellent (ICC 0.974) and was better than that of the LE (ICC, 0.954). The MDC of the 1RM test evaluation was 19.56% in the LE and 12.93% in the SBP.

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, reducing force generation and mobility in the elderlies. Contributing factors include a severe decrease in both myofiber size and number as well as a decrease in the number of motor neurons innervating muscle fibers (mainly of fast type) which is sometimes accompanied by reinnervation of surviving slow type motor neurons (motor unit remodeling). Reduced mobility and functional limitations characterizing aging can promote a more sedentary lifestyle for older individuals, leading to a vicious circle further worsening muscle performance and the patients' quality of life, predisposing them to an increased risk of disability, and mortality. Several longitudinal studies have shown that regular exercise may extend life expectancy and reduce morbidity in aging people. Based on these findings, the Interreg IVa project aimed to recruit sedentary seniors with a normal life style and to train them for 9 weeks with either leg press (LP) exercise or electrical stimulation (ES). Before and at the end of both training periods, all the subjects were submitted to mobility functional tests and muscle biopsies from the Vastus Lateralis muscles of both legs. No signs of muscle damage and/or of inflammation were observed in muscle biopsies after the training. Functional tests showed that both LP and ES induced improvements of force and mobility of the trained subjects. Morphometrical and immunofluorescent analyses performed on muscle biopsies showed that ES significantly increased the size of fast type muscle fibers (p&lt;0.001), together with a significant increase in the number of Pax7 and NCAM positive satellite cells (p&lt;0.005). A significant decrease of slow type fiber diameter was observed in both ES and LP trained subjects (p&lt;0.001). Altogether these results demonstrate the effectiveness of physical exercise either voluntary (LP) or passive (ES) to improve the functional performances of aging muscles. Here ES is demonstrated to be a safe home-based method to counteract fast type fiber atrophy, typically associated with aging skeletal muscle.

AIM: Negative fluid balance before competition is used by some track-and-field athletes aiming to reduce body weight and increase jumping performance. However, the effects of body weight loss due to dehydration on fast and explosive muscle actions have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dehydration on weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing explosive movements. MATERIAL & METHOD: Nine athletes took part in this study (5 females and 4 males, 20–23 years old). Participants were familiarized with the procedures and measurements of the study, recorded their normal dietary and fluid intake for 3 days, and took part in two randomly assigned conditions. On one condition, carbohydrate intake was reduced by 70% and water intake by 50% of their habitual diet on the day preceding the measurements (dehydration). On the other condition, the habitual diet and fluid intake were followed (habitual hydration). Prior to the performance measurements in each condition, body weight (BW) and urine specific gravity were measured. After a standardized 15-min warm-up, the following assessments were performed: countermovement jump (CMJ), maximum isometric leg press force, and rate of force development (RFD), 10-, 20-, and 30-m sprint performance, and six 30-m sprints interspersed with 25 s of rest. RESULTS: Mild dehydration (1.1 ± 1.1% BW) was achieved, which was confirmed by almost two-fold higher thirst ratings compared with habitual hydration (p < 0.002) and a trend for higher urine specific gravity (habitual hydration: 1025 ± 5 vs. dehydration: 1032 ± 7 mg/mL, p = 0.054). CMJ performance, expressed as relative power, was similar in habitual hydration and dehydration (38.5 ± 4.6 vs. 39.0 ± 3.6 W/kg BW, p = 0.14). Also, 20-m, 30-m, and repeated-sprint performance were similar in the two conditions, but 10-m sprint performance was impaired by 3.2 ± 0.13% (p = 0.019) in dehydration. Moreover, although maximum isometric leg press force was unaffected, RFD was lower in dehydration at 0–150 ms (by 13.3%; p = 0.05), 0–200 ms (by 11.8%; p = 0.03), and 0–250 ms (by 11.2%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Mild dehydration did not affect maximum force or power output, but decreased acceleration and RFD. The decreases in RFD may be linked with the lower acceleration ability in these athletes.

This article argues The Malari 1974 incident was triggered by a series of protests carried out by the opposition and students against foreign capital, which in this case were owned and Japanese outbreaks of fraud and corruption committed by officials in the New Order period, Hariman Siregar, the leader of Malari 1974 student movement himself, argued that this event was an anticlimax of the alliance between the campus and the military under Soeharto which was so warm in the previous times, namely in 1966 which was campus, in this case represented by students together with the military same to bring down the Old Order regime that was in power at the time. But that did not last long, because the alliance was then broken when students as a moral force found their critical reasoning again in criticizing the New Order government, which at the time was said to have deviated from the message of the actual suffering of the people. This then led to the Malari incident as an appropriate means to get rid of "opponents" who tried to overthrow the New Order power. At that time there were around 12 banned print media, such as: Nusantara, Indonesia Raya, Pedoman, KAMI, Mahasiswa Indonesias, The Jakarta Times, Abadi, Suluh Berita, Pemuda Indonesia, Pos Indonesia, Wenang weekly and Ekspress magazine. The government accused the press of being partially responsible for the Malari incident. The press is considered to have participated in finalizing the political situation which later exploded into riotous actions which claimed lives and material.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dry matter and organic matter<br />digestibility in vivo of Bali cattle diet that supplemented with fermented concentrate ration based from palm oil sludge and several local feed sources. Fifteen Bali cattles with 2 years old and the range of live weight 184,5±3,63 kg were distributed into three treatments and five replication in Completely Randomized design. The treatment was the level of concentrate supplementation, They were P1 (10kg/day), P2(7,5kg/day) and P3(5kg/day). The forage and the rice straw were adjusted as much as 10 kg/day and 1 kg/day, respectively. The composition of fermented concentrate consisted of palm oil sludge (70%), rice bran (10%), coffee husk (10% ) and coconut press fiber (10%). As bioactivator used”Bionak”as much as 0,3%. The an aerob fermentation took time a week. The result showed that up to the highest level (10kg/day) the supplementation of fermented concentrate ration enhanced the consumption and the digestibility of the whole rations.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a method for treating wound. However, there are no case reports using NPWT for treating congestion after arterialized venous flap. Therefore, this study reported favorable outcomes after using a single-use NPWT system for managing congestion. A 39-year-old man had his index finger caught by a press machine. The finger had a soft tissue defect at the ventral part. An arterialized venous flap taken from the right forearm was transplanted. Perfusion of the flap was favorable, but on postoperative day 5, congestion and the edema of the flap were found. Then, NPWT was initiated. The congestion and edema in the flap were improved without complications such as flap necrosis and wound infection. At 4 months postoperatively, the morphology of the finger was favorable. In this study, NPWT was speculated to force the deeper blood vessels within the flap to dilate with inducing drainage and the simultaneous reduction in excess blood flow to the cortical layer, resulting in the improvement of congestion. Negative pressure wound therapy was used for treating congestion after the transplantation of arterialized venous flap, and the wound was favorably managed.

Hugely popular on radio and in film playing Rochester in the early 1940s, Eddie Anderson’s celebrity and career were at a peak in the World War II years, when in film, and in government-created publicity, he was a spokesman for black opportunity that was non-threatening across the white political spectrum. Race riots, conservative white backlash, and growth of assertive black critics rooting out “Uncle Tom” accommodation to white dominance, threatened Anderson’s career. Even Benny and his writers could occasionally unthinkingly forget to move ahead, as a recycled old script about Rochester’s minstrel-type ways raised outraged cries from the black press in 1950. Anderson became even more central to Benny’s program in the 1950s with Mary Livingstone’s retirement, as Rochester was dismissed by many as passé, but on the other hand, closer than ever to Jack as an interracial “Odd Couple” of housemates.

This chapter explains that the answer to most “why does English do this?” questions will be a variation on things that were discussed in the previous chapters: old habits getting reinforced while new habits take over, unnoticeable slow drifts in pronunciation, the practice of extending or borrowing or creating in order to get something useful, reusing materials at hand in new ways, the drive to get more emotional impact, the need to look smart, impress, send social signals, express national pride. It will be because of the old Germanic layer, the French upheaval, the consolidating force of the printing press, the purposeful manipulation done by snobs, or the natural tendencies of our human language endowment. When language changes it is never the whole system changing at once. It happens one piece at a time, and the pieces do not coordinate or even communicate with each other while they do this. Contradictions will not be noticed until they are already baked in. English, because of its history, has a lot of them, but that does not stop the system from working. It does not stop people from learning to use it and making sense of what does not seem to make sense.