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Gould, Ruth. "Contemplating Old Age An auto/biographical exploration of getting old in East Kent, United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504667.
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McFarlane, Ann. "The god Min to the end of the Old Kingdom /." Sydney : the Australian centre for Egyptology, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37058993m.
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Werschkun, Cordula. "Resource procurement and management in Egyptian settlements of the Old Kingdom." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540038.
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The first chapter discusses why the topic and general approach of thesis was chosen. It outlines some of the problems involved in the study of the different resources as expressed in the archaeological record, addressing each resource individually. Finally, a model for the analysis of resource management is introduced. The Heit el-Ghurab settlement and various other settlement sites on the Giza Plateau are discussed. Each site is examined individually according to its project history, general features and activities concerning resource procurement and management, followed by a brief discussion. An overall discussion of the Giza sites concludes this chapter. The next three chapters discuss the settlements of Kom el-Hisn, Elephantine and Ayn Asil according to the outline developed for the chapter on the Giza Plateau. The final chapter summarises the various forms of resource procurement and management for the individual resources, before turning to discuss the economic character of the settlements studied and their interconnection. Finally, there follows a short discussion of the nature of the Old Kingdom economy on the basis of the results of the previous chapters, including a brief examination of earlier studies of the ancient Egyptian economic system
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Harvey, Julia Carol. "A typological study of Egyptian wooden statues of the Old Kingdom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317754/.
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A corpus of 217 wooden statues dating from the Egyptian Old Kingdom is examined and discussed in detail. 127 statues have been dated to individual reigns within the Old Kingdom and are placed in chronological order (Catalogue A). They form the basis of a chronological feature list. Using the dating criteria from the feature list, and by drawing parallels with Catalogue A, a further 75 statues (Catalogue B) have been assigned to individual reigns within the Old Kingdom. New features from Catalogue B are then added to the chronological feature list. Catalogue C comprises statues which have no parallels in Catalogue A , but do sometimes have a parallel in Catalogue B, and which in the absence so far of evidence to the contrary, may be assigned to the Old Kingdom. Appendix I discusses the texts inscribed on 51 of the statues. These consist of the names and titles of the tomb owner. The texts are usually inscribed on the bases, but in two instances they are on the skirt, and once on the sceptre. The titles are examined in detail to see whether their date range is consistent with the dates suggested in the text. Unfortunately the inscriptions give no further dating assistance. The phrase im3hw hr is examined in detail and it emerges that its use changed over time. Appendix 2 is a discussion of the material of the statues, as far as this is known. Only 8 statues have been scientifically analysed, a further 4 have been identified visually, and another 2 have unconfirmed analyses. From this meagre information it emerges that indigenous woods were preferred to imported woods. The most popular indiginous woods are sycamore and acacia. Appendix 3 is a table of the dating features based on Catalogue A which, when applied to statues not in the corpus, can assist in assigning a date to them.
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Gashe, Victoria. "Burial practices in predynastic and Old Kingdom Egypt : a site specific survey." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538134.
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This study aims to determine whether current work on burial practices In early Egypt accurately reflects the evidence uncovered at Egyptian cemeteries since the 1890s. Two methods are employed: firstly an analysis of the written findings on a series of representative 'sample' sites across Egypt, and the evidence for burial practices within them; and secondly an indepth analysis of one region (Badari) which contains burials spanning the entire period, in which each individual grave is examined. The first method allows a comparative study of sites across the country, whilst the second allows a statistical approach to be used in the hope of ascertaining the frequency of particular funerary features (such as the position of the body, the treatment of the body, multiple and single burials, and the use of particular funerary objects).
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Sowada, Karin N. Grave Peter. "Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom : an archaeological perspective /." Freiburg Schweiz : Academic Press Fribourg, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783727816499.
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Shalomi-Hen, Racheli. "The writing of gods the evolution of divine classifiers in the Old Kingdom." Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2765230&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Moeller, Nadine. "The development of provincial towns in ancient Egypt from the end of the old kingdom to the beginning of the middle kingdom." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616177.
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Jones, Richard. "The use of manpower in the construction of old and middle kingdom pyramid complexes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443915.
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Han, Yong Qiang. "Pre-contractual Duties in the UK Insurance Law after 2015: Old (or New?) Wine in New Bottles?" Hart Publishing, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17806.
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Al, Salem Waleed. "Epidemiological characterization and control of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2023819/.
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A better understanding of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) epidemiology will lead to improved intervention methods to combat CL outbreaks and prevent disease re-emergence. CL is endemic throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and new disease control tools are needed. In this thesis, I studied various aspects essential to the design of a new CL control strategy, including parasite species identification, patient response to anti-leishmanial drug treatment, sandfly species identification, assessment of sandfly biting exposure and risk of disease transmission, implementation of an integrated control strategy, and development of a potential new CL diagnostic tool for use in CL endemic setting. It was found that Leishmania major (responsible for zoonotic CL) and Leishmania tropica (responsible for anthroponotic CL) are the main causative agents of CL in KSA, with over 75% of all human cases caused by the former. The current national CL treatment regimen consists of application of topical clotrimazole/fucidine cream followed by 1-2 courses of intralesional sodium stibogluconate; however, treatment efficacy is highly variable and the reasons for this are not well understood. As part of this PhD study, tests to determine the efficacy of this standard CL treatment regime in several endemic regions of KSA were performed. Most L. major patients responded favourably to drug treatment, although treatment success varied greatly depending on geographical location. In contrast, 60% of L. tropica cases proved completely unresponsive to the same treatment protocol. Furthermore, the development of secondary infections (SI) around or within the CL lesion significantly favoured the treatment response of L. major patients, but had no effect on L. tropica cases. These findings indicate that there is an urgent need to implement alternative CL treatment protocols based on these parameters, and also indicate a possible increase in drug-resistant parasites. In this epidemiological study, the potential correlation between the type of immunity generated after exposure to sandfly bites and disease outcome was monitored by measuring anti-SP32 antibody levels. Constant exposure of the local residents to sandflies may help prevent development of severe CL disease outcomes. Notably, comparison of the levels of anti-saliva antibodies of local individuals with migrant labour indicated that the latter had significantly higher levels of anti-saliva marker and also developed a more severe pathology. This implies that the corresponding governmental sectors need to assess all transmission risk areas, as well as greatly improve housing conditions to minimize the risk of non-local construction workers contracting CL. This is essential as CL drug treatment is costly and currently non-local workers comprise around one third of the KSA population. Additionally, a disease control strategy based on a combination of vector and reservoir control methods was designed to combat zoonotic CL outbreaks. Construction sites at Al-Ahsa, known to be highly endemic for zoonotic CL, were monitored by a vector control team between 2012 and 2014. The control strategy was applied following the outbreak using mechanical, reservoir and vector control methods. No CL cases were reported after the control team’s intervention. This case study suggests that implementation of a health impact assessment should be carried out, as well as a control strategy, in areas that share a similar CL ecology and environment in order to minimize incidence cases. As part of my PhD, I developed a potential new diagnostic tool by using an ELISA assay method to measure the levels of anti-α-galactosyl antibodies in human sera using synthetic neoglycoproteins (NGPs). The assay sensitivity was 96% for L. major (95% CI 94%–98%) and 91% for L. tropica (95% CI 86%–98%). In addition, the assay had higher sensitivity than microscopy analysis, which only detected 68% and 45% of L. major and L. tropica infections, respectively. Furthermore, improvement of the selectivity in recognizing different α-galactosylated NGPs suggests that this assay could potentially be developed into a rapid diagnostic test for use in resource-poor settings. Overall, this thesis should help set a basis for designing a national strategy for CL elimination in KSA.
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Van, Pelt Willem Paul. "Pyramids, proteins, and pathogens : a cultural and scientific analysis of Egyptian Old Kingdom pyramid mortars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708868.
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Darling, Timothy. "A soteriology of the Moabites illustrating how the Lord worked with Gentiles in the Old Testament." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Sowada, Karin N. "Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Old Kingdom : a re-appraisal of the archaeological evidence." Phd thesis, School of Archaeology, Classics and Ancient History, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4127.
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Alvarez, Christelle. "Inscribing the pyramid of king Qakare Ibi : scribal practice and mortuary literature in late Old Kingdom Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:91f5c89d-1c1e-47e2-9780-1136e4b3b10c.
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This thesis investigates how the burial chamber of the 8th Dynasty pyramid of king Qakare Ibi at Saqqara in Egypt (c. 2109-2107 B.C.) was inscribed. It uses a holistic approach to focus on the textual programme and its unusual aspects in comparison to older pyramids. In doing so, it addresses issues of textual transmission and of scribal practice in the process of inscribing the walls of subterranean chambers in pyramids. The aim is to contextualise the texts of Ibi within the Memphite tradition of Pyamid Texts and the development of mortuary literature on different media from the late third millennium BCE Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom in the early second millennium BCE. The first chapter presents the background to this research and information on king Ibi and his pyramid. The second chapter treats research on the arrangement of the texts on the walls of subterranean chambers of royal pyramids of kings and queens and compares the layout of the texts in the pyramid of Ibi with older pyramids. It then discusses in detail one section on the east wall of Ibi, where the order of spells diverges from other transmitted sequences. The unusual combination of spells and the practice of shortening spells is investigated further in the third chapter, where two sections of texts on the south wall are analysed. The fourth chapter explores garbled texts and discusses processes of copying and inscribing the texts onto the walls of pyramids. The fifth chapter analyses the modifications of the writing system in pyramids, especially the mutilation of hieroglyphs, and how this practice relates to the tradition of altering signs in pyramids. Finally, the sixth chapter synthesises the results of the preceding chapters in two sections. The first section summarises the process of inscribing pyramids and contextualises aspects of scribal practices within it. The second section concludes the thesis with a discussion of the features of the textual programme of Ibi and of how it relates to the broader transmission of mortuary literature.
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Buck, Paul E. "Structure and content of Old Kingdom archaeological deposits in the western Nile delta, Egypt : a geoarchaeological example /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6543.
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Bloxam, Elizabeth Gambier. "The organisation, transportation and logistics of hard stone quarrying in the Egyptian Old Kingdom : a comparative study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446697/.
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Widan el-Faras and Chephren's Quarry are two major hard stone quarries located outside the Nile Valley in the Western Desert of Egypt. Both quarries were exploited during the Old Kingdom exclusively for royal and elite purposes when hard stone consumption was at its peak during the 4th and 5th Dynasties. Basalt from Widan el-Faras was used for paving temple floors and Chephren Gneiss from Chephren's Quarry for royal statuary and vessels. The thesis presents a new approach to the interpretation of archaeological data from these quarries by using a comparative methodology that encompasses cross-cultural theoretical models of stone procurement. From such an approach significant insights can be made into the social context of these practises which have hitherto been poorly understood. From examination and interpretation of fresh quarry data collected from recent survey and excavation of Widan el-Faras and Chephren's Quarry, it is proposed that Old Kingdom quarry expeditions, outside the Nile Valley, were small-scale campaign-driven operations involving specialists, well-organised through kinship ties and mobilised for specific projects. Comparative analysis of ceramic evidence and stone tools has also highlighted connections between quarries across a diverse geographical range. Furthermore, a comparison of quarry inscriptions with settlement and ceramic data implies that the numbers of people involved in remote source quarry expeditions are fewer than the written sources suggest. Water-borne transport of stone and environmental conditions played an important part in the logistics of monumental stone acquisition from remote sources and cessation in exploitation may be linked to changes in these conditions and lower Nile floods by the 6th Dynasty. The discovery of ancient shallow groundwater wells providing water for domestic and production purposes and new concepts relating to methods of stone transport are presented. Changes in production and consumption of certain stones can also be measured against political, economic and ideological transformations over time.
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Cagle, Anthony J. "The spatial structure of Kom el-Hisn : an Old Kingdom town in the western Nile Delta, Egypt /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6478.
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Munch, Hans-Hubertus. "Who are my followers? : social knowledge, elite groups and the commemoration of the dead in Old Kingdom Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534286.
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Al-Haddad, Sana Saeed. "An investigation of 12-16 year old pupils' understanding of statistics and probability in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427663.
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Austin, William L. "The Tomb of Ny-ankh-nesut: A Contextualized Study of Looted Fragments." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1431522764.
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Cwiek, Andrzej. "Relief decoration in the royal funerary complexes of the Old Kingdom : studies in the development, scene content and iconography /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20library/cwiek%5Froyal%5Frelief%5Fdec.pdf.
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Lupo, Silvia. "Territorial appropriation during the Old Kingdom (XXVIIIth-XXIIIth centuries BC) : the royal necropolises and the pyramid towns in Egypt /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41097994t.
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Tassie, G. J. "The social and ritual contextualisation of Ancient Egyptian hair and hairstyles from the Protodynastic to the end of the Old Kingdom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18730/.
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Hair, the most malleable part of the human body, lends itself to the most varied forms of impermanent modifications. The resulting hairstyles convey social practices and norms, and may be regarded as part of the “representation of self” and an integral element in the maintenance and structuring of society. In this thesis, a systematic and quantative investigation has been undertaken of the structural relationships between variations in hairstyles and principal changes in social organisation in ancient Egypt from the Protodynastic to the end of the Old Kingdom (3,350-2,181 BC), a period that witnessed the rise, consolidation and eventually breakdown of centralised authority. The results reveal that hairstyles were linked to the identity of individuals and social groups, such as men, women, children and the elderly. Hairstyles were used as a means of displaying status. After experimentation with a broad spectrum of hairstyles during the Protodynastic and early Dynasty I, an institutionalised canon for hairstyles was established, coinciding with the creation of administrative institutions. These codified hairstyles continued to serve as the norms for identifying members of the administration or signs of authority. By the end of the Old Kingdom, the hairstyles of the elite had been adopted by the lower officials of the increased bureaucracy and provincial elites as representations of their newly acquired power and status. Although initially the majority of the men had their hair cut short, modifications of short hair and the adoption of mid- and shoulder-length hair became progressively common. The use of certain hairstyles was restricted to the higher social offices, with longer hair being emblematic of power and divinity. Women, by contrast, initially had long hair with greater variety occurring by Dynasty I and a more restricted array from Dynasty II onwards. However, long hair was predominant among women of all social statuses in all periods. Long hair may have thus been related to the perception of women as mothers (responsible for childbirth and nursing), and hence their perceived role as directly linked with procreation and fecundity. Although the adoption of the tripartite by high officials was related to this ‘generative’ aspect of feminine hairstyles, it was primarily in imitation of the God Osiris and his regenerative powers.
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Lhoyer, Bénédicte. "Les Altérations corporelles dans l'image à l'Ancien Empire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30058.
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L'art de l'Ancien Empire, ayant mis en place le canon dit « classique » du corps égyptien, est souvent décrit comme uniforme, fondé sur la répétition de la même image parfaite sur les murs des tombes. Pourtant, certains personnages se distinguent par leurs caractères physiques inhabituels, allant du détail corporel atypique à une infirmité évidente. Ainsi, des aveugles, boiteux, chauves, malades, bossus, nains ou encore obèses se dissimulent parmi leurs congénères dans les registres des programmes décoratifs. Une étude minutieuse des parois révèle une profusion de ces figures qui se distinguent par l'emplacement, la fonction, le rôle social, les attributs ou la nature de l'altération. Si certains groupes ont été largement étudiés ces dernières années comme les nains, d'autres demeurent moins connus voire à peine signalés dans les publications. Pourtant, ces images parfois crues et disgracieuses révèlent bien la volonté des artisans-artistes de cette époque de souligner un contexte spécifique et d'ajouter du sens à la scène. En rassemblant tous ces personnages en hors norme, en les comparant et en analysant leur iconographie, il est possible de tendre vers une vision plus proche de la réalité égyptienne, et notamment de la façon dont était perçue cette catégorie de population. D'autre part, la présence du handicap dans l'art égyptien pose une question essentielle : pourquoi avoir recréé sur les murs des tombeaux un univers fonctionnel non pas peuplé de sujets parfaits, mais parsemé d'êtres imparfaits ?Dans un champ d'investigation chronologiquement délimité (du Prédynastique au milieu du Moyen Empire), nous avons choisi d'analyser ces figures et leur apport à notre connaissance de la société égyptienne, et plus généralement à l'histoire et à la représentation du handicap dans l'art. Afin de mieux comprendre la perception du corps altéré chez les anciens Égyptiens, seront étudiés les mots qui les désignent, les causes médicales possibles, le développement et les innovations iconographiques qui ont pu se répandre dans toutes les nécropoles du pays. Le rôle de ses figures, les sens qu'elles recouvrent, ainsi que leur rapport avec les constatations médicales sur les restes humains nous en apprendront davantage sur la société égyptienne au temps des pyramides. Certaines figures, comme le bouvier émacié ou le notable replet, sont devenues les symboles d'une classe sociale particulière et ont connu une longévité dans l'art et la littérature. La reprise de certains motifs d'une sépulture à une autre, parfois distantes de centaines de kilomètres, révèlent également une stratégie fondée sur la référence et la citation.Ainsi, loin d'être un monde uniforme et régulier, les décors des tombeaux se révèlent finalement bien plus complexes et étoffés qu'une simple évocation de l'idéal égyptienThe art of the Old Kingdom, having set up the so-called "classical" canon of the Egyptian body, is often described as monotonous, with the repetition of the same perfect image on the walls of the tombs. But some characters are distinguished by their unusual physical characteristics, ranging from atypical body detail to obvious disability. Thus, blind or lame people, bald men, sick characters, hunchbacks, dwarves or fat people hid among their congeners in the registers of decorative programs. A study of the walls reveals a profusion of these figures, which are distinguished by the location, function, social role, attributes or nature of their alteration. While some groups have been widely studied in recent years as dwarves, others remain less known or barely reported in publications. However, these images sometimes raw reveal the will of the artists to emphasize a specific context and add some meaning to the scene. By bringing all these characters together, comparing them and analyzing their iconography, it is possible to reach a closer vision of the Egyptian reality, and in particular the perception of disabled people. On the other hand, the presence of disability in Egyptian art poses an important question: why did they choose to recreate on the walls of the tombs a functional universe not with perfect subjects, but strewn with imperfect beings?From Predynastic to the Middle Kingdom, we chose to analyze these figures and their contribution to our knowledge of Egyptian society, and more generally to the history and representation of disability in art. In order to better understand the perception of the altered body among the ancient Egyptians, we will study the words that designated them, the possible medical causes, the development and the iconographic innovations that may have spread to all the necropolises in the country. The role of these figures, their meanings and their relationships to the medical findings on human remains will tell us more about Egyptian society. Some characters, such as the emaciated herdsman or the fat nobleman, have become symbols of a particular social class and had a longevity in art and literature. The reuse of images from one tomb to another, sometimes hundreds of kilometers apart, also reveals a strategy based on reference and quotation.Thus, far from being a uniform and regular world, the decorations of the tombs reveal to be far more complex and elaborated than a simple evocation of the Egyptian ideal
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Malnasi, Cindy. "Paleopathology in Ancient Eygpt: Evidence from the Sites of Dayr al-Barsha and Sheikh Said." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4148.
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For centuries, people have been fascinated with how the ancient Egyptians lived, and particularly how they died. Although Egyptologists in the past had a greater interest in the treasures that accompanied the dead, there has now been a shift in focus on the actual ancient Egyptians themselves and their ways of life. Recognizing the health and disease status of ancient Egyptians has become particularly important. The aim of this research project is to document the paleopathology of the individuals from the sites of Dayr al-Barsha and Sheikh Said encompassing the Old Kingdom (2686 - 2160 BC), the First Intermediate Period (2160 - 2055 BC), and the Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BC) periods. The site of Dayr al-Barsha was most importantly the necropolis, or burial site, used by the inhabitants of the ancient city of Hermopolis Magna, and it was also a very prominent quarry site. Today, Dayr al-Barsha is a large scale archaeological site that has been divided into eleven zones. The results of this research reveal a documented list of paleopathologies that include traumatic conditions, congenital anomalies, joint diseases, infectious diseases, hematological disorders, dental pathology, neoplastic conditions, and various other conditions that ailed the people in their daily lives. Fractures and dental diseases are the paleopathologies that occurred most frequently. These pathologies provide important knowledge about the living conditions and occupations during the span of the Old Kingdom through the Middle Kingdom.M.A.
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology MA
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Thuault, Simon. "La dissimilation graphique dans les textes égyptiens de l'Ancien Empire : essai de grammatologie cognitive." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30040.
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La « dissimilation graphique » est une particularité récurrente des écritures égyptiennes, en particulier à l’Ancien Empire (IIIe-VIe dynasties, env. 2700/2150 av. J. C.). À cette époque, la pluralité (aussi bien grammaticale que lexicale) était indiquée par le triplement des sémogrammes, signes investis d’une valeur sémantique et censés permettre la compréhension des lexèmes. De ce fait, si les idéogrammes et classificateurs étaient d’ordinaire répétés trois fois à l’identique, la « dissimilation » désigne les occurrences dans lesquelles ces trois signes sont distincts. Par exemple, si un mot comme bAk.w, « serviteurs », est traditionnellement accompagné de trois hommes assis, l’un d’entre eux pourra être remplacé par une femme en cas de dissimilation. De même, si mHy.t, « poissons », comprend habituellement trois poissons de même espèce, sa version dissimilée offrira trois espèces différentes. Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser de façon systématique la dissimilation graphique, majoritairement attestée dans les inscriptions hiéroglyphes des tombes royales et privées, mais également dans certains documents hiératiques. À travers cette étude, les raisons supposées de l’existence de la dissimilation graphique sont exposées. En conséquence, la classification égyptienne se voit placée sous de nouveaux éclairages. De plus, par l’examen d’un nombre important de textes égyptiens de l’Ancien Empire, de nouvelles analyses des fonctions des signes qui les composent seront proposées afin d’éclaircir certaines zones d’ombres de la linguistique égyptologiqueThe peculiarity called “dissimilation graphique” is recurrent in Egyptian writing systems, particularly during Old Kingdom (Dyn. III-VI, ca. 2700-2150 BC). At this time, plurality (grammatical and lexical) is indicated by the threefold of semograms, signs that have a semantic value and allow to understand the lexemes. Thus, if ideograms and classifiers are ordinary reproduced three times identically, “dissimilation” refers to occurrences where these three signs are different. For example, if bAk.w, “servants”, is usually followed by three men, in case of dissimilation, one of them can be replaced by a woman. In the same way, if mHy.t, “fish”, habitually takes three identical fish, a dissimilated version will show three different species. This Ph.D Thesis aims to analyse in a systematic way the process of “dissimilation graphique”, mostly found in hieroglyphic inscriptions of royal and private tombs, but also in some hieratic documents. Through this study, the supposed reasons of dissimilation are exposed. Consequently, Egyptian classification is newly enlightened. Moreover, in examining a great number of Old Kingdom texts, new analysis of the signs functions are proposed to clarify some unclear elements of egyptological Linguistics
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Martinet, Émilie. "L'administration provinciale à l'Ancien Empire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040247.
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L’augmentation des publications concernant les sites provinciaux datés de l’Ancien Empire, qu’il s’agisse d'ouvrages consacrés à des découvertes récentes ou d’éditions plus approfondies de nécropoles connues depuis longtemps, a accru la documentation relative aux élites provinciales et au système administratif provincial de cette époque. Il était donc nécessaire de proposer une nouvelle reconstitution des structures administratives provinciales et de la hiérarchisation des élites provinciales de l’Ancien Empire. Si l'outil prosopographique reste crucial pour ces thématiques, nos objectifs n'ont pu être atteints qu'en effectuant une analyse croisée de la totalité des sources relatives au sujet, qu'il s'agisse de sources inscrites, iconographiques ou archéologiques, royales ou privées, ainsi qu'en adoptant une approche globale qui dépasse largement le cadre d'une étude prosopographique. Dans le chapitre 1, nous avons analysé chacune des catégories de fonctionnaires ayant eu une autorité supra-provinciale, afin de déterminer leurs différentes compétences et leur sphère d'influence. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence les temps forts de la présence de l’administration royale en province, ainsi que les modalités de son intervention selon les dynasties. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons étudié l'évolution du statut des responsables des provinces au cours de l'Ancien Empire (les administrateurs temporaires de nome, les proto-nomarques et les nomarques). Dans le chapitre 3, pour analyser les rouages de l’administration provinciale, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur les titres des fonctionnaires intermédiaires et subalternes qui se rencontrent les plus fréquemment en province et dont certaines sources, comme les décrets et les empreintes de sceaux, ainsi que la documentation hiératique, attestent leur emploi dans un contexte administratif et contribuent à préciser les modalités d'exercice de ces charges. Dans le chapitre 4, nous avons proposé une typologie des différentes structures administratives provinciales. Nous avons élaboré une liste de 22 critères qui nous ont permis de regrouper les provinces en plusieurs catégories en fonction de caractéristiques dominantes et communes à celles-ci. Trois principales catégories ont été mises en évidence : 1) les provinces qui présentaient d’importantes interactions avec le pouvoir central, 2) les provinces dans lesquelles le temple local occupait une place prépondérante, alors que les institutions centrales y étaient moins présentes, et 3) les provinces caractérisées par une organisation plus mixte, et dont les élites locales présentaient un degré d’intégration moins important à la structure administrative du royaume. Enfin, nous avons démontré, pour la VIe dynastie, l'existence d'une circulation du pouvoir entre certaines provinces sélectionnées par la monarchie et qui ont eu un rôle important dans l'administration de la Haute-Égypte, comme le suggère la présence de certains bureaux déconcentrés. Les élites de ces centres régionaux d'importance ont une influence sur plusieurs provinces et ont permis à la monarchie de pouvoir maintenir la stabilité de l'État et le contrôle d'une partie des ressources localesThis study aims at improving our understanding of the provincial administrative structures in the Old Kingdom. The analysis of the titles provides some information about the careers of the provincial officials and the hierarchical relationships in the provinces. The cross analysis of all the data allows to reconstitute the organisation of the provincial administration and its changes during the Old Kingdom. Moreover, despite attempts to standardise the administrative system by the royal power under the Sixth dynasty, the provincial administrative structures were diverse, according to the status of the province in the administration, as well as local factors
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Carlsson, Petra. "Människan i Maassara." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-342000.
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An osteological study on human skeletal remains from Maassara in Egypt. The goal of the study was to get a good picture of the health of the individuals buried in the graves at Maassara. The study was combined of nine individuals. Two from the Early Dynastic period and six individuals from the Old Kingdom. All the adult individuals have some form of pathological change. Most pathological changes are in the spine. Most pathological changes were age-related. Some of the individuals were very poorly kept and the bones were very fragile.
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Desbordes, Christelle. "Travail et société dans l’Égypte du IIIe millénaire : enseignements du système hiéroglyphique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20085.
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La graphie des signes hiéroglyphiques représentant des travailleurs est analysée, puis confrontée aux sources iconographiques et à la sculpture, pour comprendre la façon dont le système d’écriture interprète la notion de travail et cerner ce que l’élite souhaite voir se pérenniser dans l’imagerie. S’ajoute à ces données graphiques une approche lexicographique des termes liés au travail. Une mise en perspective de nos conclusions, par l’apport de sources historiques et sociologiques variées, contribue enfin à forger une appréciation plus juste de la façon dont l’organisation professionnelle est perçue sous l’Ancien Empire, et dont l’élite lettrée se confronte au contexte professionnel. Notre analyse a tout d’abord permis de définir les procédés utilisés pour transcrire le travailleur dans l’écriture et dans l’ensemble de l’imagerie d’Ancien Empire. Les critères intervenant dans la composition de l’image du travailleur, que ce soit dans son apparence, son rapport à l’action ou sa relation à la technique, sont ainsi définis. La relation du lexique au thème du travail est aussi abordée. L’ensemble des données récoltées sert ensuite à définir la perception du travail à cette époque. Le travail est ainsi considéré comme un acte social, et le travailleur, lié à une collectivité solide, apparaît intégré au cœur d’un système hiérarchique complexe. Le travail est aussi perçu comme un acte de peine, exercé par une population modeste dépendante d’une autorité dirigeante et entièrement investie dans la charge qui lui incombe. Le travail apparaît enfin comme un acte de production, dans lequel l’homme, technicien et producteur, constitue un chaînon essentiel dans le processus de transformation de la matière, et garantit la prospérité du pays et le bien-être de son éliteThe written form of hieroglyphic signs which represent workers is studied, and compared with iconographic documents and sculpture, to understand the way in which the writing interprets the notion of work, and the elements that the elite wants to fix in the imagery. A lexicographical approach of work is also done. Historical and sociological documentation is lastly used to obtain a more complete appreciation of the perception of the professional organization in the Old Kingdom. Our analysis has come to define the processes used to transcribe the worker in writing and in whole imagery of the Old Kingdom. The parameters which play a part in the composition of the worker’s image, in his appearance, his relation to action or his connection with technique, are thus defined. The link between lexicography and work is also treated. Whole information is then used to define the ideological perception of work at this time. Work is thus considered like a social act, and the worker, linked to a solid community, appears to be integrated in a complex hierarchic system. Work is also perceived as a hard act, practised by a modest population who is dependent on a ruling authority and who put a lot of effort into carrying out his task. Work finally appears as a productive act, and worker, as technician and producer, constitutes an essential link in the process of transformation of materials, and assures the prosperity of the country and the comfort of the elite
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Girardi, Chloé. "Traitements des corps et des restes humains en Egypte du Prédynastique à la fin de l'Ancien Empire (4400-2180 av. J.-C.) : contribution à l'étude des pratiques mortuaires par l'approche archéothanatologique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30052.
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Cette étude retrace l’évolution de certains traitements réservés aux cadavres et aux restes humains en Égypte en se concentrant sur l’époque prédynastique et les six premières dynasties. Les cimetières contemporains de cette période de formation et d’affirmation des principaux éléments constitutifs de la civilisation pharaonique témoignent de la coexistence de pratiques funéraires associées à l’émergence de la momification artificielle et de pratiques mortuaires intervenant sur des corps partiellement ou totalement décomposés. L’objectif est de réévaluer par une approche archéothanatologique la documentation relative à ces deux catégories de traitements du corps, afin d’appréhender la diversité des pratiques de cette période. Cette étude vise donc à replacer le corps du défunt au centre de la discussion sur les pratiques mortuaires égyptiennes en prenant en compte deux ères chronologiques souvent considérées séparément. La relecture des publications archéologiques et de certaines archives de fouilles dans cette perspective a permis de proposer une sélection hétérogène de sépultures et de dépôts de restes humains provenant de 27 cimetières de la vallée égyptienne du Nil. Cette sélection d’inhumations offre une vision d’ensemble de la manière dont pouvaient être traités les défunts, ce qui permet de discuter de la continuité entre les pratiques prédynastiques et dynastiques et de confronter les données recueillies aux différentes interprétations possibles des gestes identifiésThis study examines the evolution of practices pertaining to the treatment of human bodies and remains in Egypt from the Predynastic era through the first six dynasties. Burial grounds contemporaneous with the formation and affirmation of the principal constituents of the pharaonic civilization indicate the coexistence of funerary practices related to the emergence of artificial mummification, and mortuary practices involving partially or fully decomposed bodies. The purpose is to reevaluate, through the lens of archaeothanatology, the existing documentation regarding these two body treatment categories to better understand the diversity of practices over this period. The study aims to see the body of the deceased as the focal point of the discussion on Egyptian mortuary practices by taking into consideration two chronological eras often examined separately. Studying archaeological publications and archival documents of past excavations from this perspective provides a heterogeneous set of human sepultures and deposits found in 27 cemeteries throughout the Egyptian Nile valley. The cases chosen for the purpose of this study offer a comprehensive outlook into how the deceased were treated, which gives the grounds for discussing the continuity between predynastic and dynastic practices and for confronting the collected materials with diverse possible interpretations of these treatments
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Fattori, Anita. "50 cartas de Tell Harmal: práticas administrativas e sociabilidade no antigo Reino de Ešnunna." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100135/tde-03022019-183741/.
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Esta dissertação propõe uma análise de um conjunto de 50 cartas administrativas paleobabilônicas (c. 2003 1595 AEC), oriundas do sítio arqueológico de Tell Harmal, correspondente à antiga cidade de Šaduppûm, e publicadas pela primeira vez por Albrecht Götze em 1958. Para esse fim, apresentamos uma nova transliteração das cópias dos tabletes e a primeira tradução desse material do acadiano para o português. Nessa documentação podemos observar detalhes do papel desempenhado por oficiais integrantes da administração de Šaduppûm na gerência das terras agrícolas, mais especificamente quando Šaduppûm estava sob o controle do rei Ibãl-pî-El II (1779-1765 AEC) de Ešnunna. Por meio dos aspectos operacionais das práticas administrativas locais, buscamos compreender a sua relação com a administração central de Ešnunna. Adicionalmente, esse trabalho expõe um aspecto da atividade administrativa que pode ser compreendido como a experiência social, que se revela sobretudo nas estratégias de sociabilidade postas em ação por esses oficiaisThis dissertation proposes an analysis of 50 letters dated from the Old Babylonian period (c. 2003 - 1595 BCE). These letters come from the Tell Harmal archaeological site, corresponding to the ancient city of Šaduppûm, and were first published in 1958 by Albrecht Götze. To achieve my goal, I present new transliterations of the copies of the tablets and the first transliteration of this material from Akkadian into Portuguese. This documentation gives us details of the role played by the officials performing Šaduppûm administrative activities in agricultural land management, especially when Šaduppûm was under the control of king Ibãl-pî-El II (1779-1765 BCE) of Ešnunna. Through the operational local administrative practices aspects, we seek to understand their relationship with the central administration of Ešnunna. Furthermore, this work brings an aspect of administrative activity that may be understood as a component of social experience, which is revealed mainly in sociability strategies put into action by these officials.
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Dunshea, Philip Morton. "The Brittonic kingdoms of the 'Old North'." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610811.
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Bottius, Mathurin. "Le rôle financier et économique de l'intendant de province d'ancien régime : l'exemple de la Nouvelle-France, 1663-1760." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1055.
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C'est en février 1663, que la Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France remis à LOUIS XIV le territoire de la Nouvelle-France. Elle donnait suite à sa demande de restitution exprimée par LOUIS XIV. Pour mémoire cette restitution mettait fin à la Charte de LOUIS XIII du 29 avril 1628. Par suite, c'est par une déclaration de mars 1663 que LOUIS XIV accepta de recevoir les droits de propriété, justice et seigneur de la Nouvelle-France. Sa volonté d'administrer directement le territoire et non par Charte est exprimée dans le corps de la déclaration. C'est dans cet esprit, qu'il transférera, en tant que de besoin au Canada, des institutions du Royaume, notamment celle de l'Intendant de Justice, Police et Finances. Cette orientation ne sera pas remise en cause par son successeur LOUIS XV ce, jusqu'en 1760. La présente thèse a pour finalité de décrire ou d'exposer, ce que fut la juridiction financière et économique de l'Intendant de 1663 à 1760It is in february 1663 that the Nouvelle-France company hands over to LOUIS XIV the Nouvelle-France territory. This followed-up the claim to secure the return of the territories expressed by LOUIS XIV. To remenber right, this retutn of the territories put an end to the charter of LOUIS XIII dated april 29th 1628. Consequently, it is by a statement of march 1663 that LOUIS XIV agreeds to acquire the freehold, justice and lord of Nouvelle-France. His intention to directly govern the territory is clearly indicated in the body of doctrines and not in the charter. It is in state of mind thathe will trandfer for the purpose in hands to Canada institutions of the kingdom, particulary those of justice, police and finance intendants. This way of thinking will not be called inio question by his heir to the throne LOUIS XV until 1760; This actual thesis purpose is to describe or expound what was the coming within the financial and economic jurisdiction of the intendant from 1663 to 1760
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Bönnemark, Margit. "Binamn i det forntida Egypten : En undersökning av personnamn, särskilt rn nfr, under Gamla riket, Förstaintermediet och Mellersta riket samt under Senperioden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Egyptologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323482.
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In Ancient Egypt, names were very important, in this life and the next. Gods had a multitude of names, and kings were usually given five names, but also private individuals could have several names, given at birth or later. One of these names was called rn nfr (the good name), and it was especially prevalent during the Old Kingdom. The term rn nfr slowly disappeared during the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom, but reappeared during the Late Period.The characteristics of all occurrences that could be found of rn nfr from the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom were studied and compared to the occurrences of rn nfr in the Late Period. They were also compared to the first names of the individuals who wore these rn nfr.The results of this investigation show that there are great differences between the earlier periods and the Late Period, especially in that the names of gods and kings are often prevalent in the rather long rn nfr of the Late Period, possibly used for official and religious purposes. The rn nfr of earlier periods are often short names, which people were probably called, on an everyday basis. They sometimes constitute abbreviations of first names, with phonological changes taking place, in the majority of cases only consisting of three consonants without any apparent meaning, perhaps used from a very early age, and in a few cases taking on the characteristics of true nicknames.
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Hallström, Andreas. "The False Doors of Hershefnakht, Nyankhanty and Senetites." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Egyptologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323469.
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This study concerns the false doors of Hershefnakht, Nyankhanty and Senetites that are currently on display in the Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm. None of these doors has received much attention in the past, and certainly not their own dedicated study. Previously, these doors have only been roughly dated, and the status of their owners in society were practically unknown. This study seeks to narrow down the dating of these false doors and to more precisely make a judgement on their owners’ social standing within society. To more precisely date the false doors, relevant features are presented together with relevant information concerning the characteristic in question. As such, a more precise date is built from the various relevant elements of the door. The false doors are translated with appropriate commentary on the short texts. The most important parts of these texts are the titles and through comparisons to other holders of the same titles and discussion of what is known about these titles; a judgement of their social status is made. In the end, Hershefnakht’s and Senetites’ doors can be dated to, at earliest, the reign of Pepy II though their latest possible date is more difficult to establish with any certainty. Nyankhanty’s false door can be dated, at earliest to King Nyuserre Ini’s reign with the latest possible date being the end of the 5th dynasty. Due to only having a single title, Hershefnakht’s social standing is somewhat uncertain and it would be possible to both over- and underplay his status. On the other hand, Nyankhanty’s status can be established with more certainty and it seems he was a high-ranking priest and a commander of a force of men. Senetites can quite easily be placed in or close to the court, but the position therein is more difficult to define.På Medelhavsmuseet står skendörrarna av Hershefnakht, Nyankhanty och Senetites utställda. Ingen av dörrarna har fått mycket uppmärksamhet tidigare. Det finns därför ingen tidigare dedikerad studie av dessa dörrar och deras ägare. Tidigare dateringar är endast approximativa och den sociala statusen av ägarna okänd. Den här studien siktar mot att datera dörrarna med mer precision genom att studera viktiga aspekter av dörrarna och att bestämma ägarnas sociala status. De relevanta aspekterna av dörrarna presenteras tillsammans med relevant information om aspekten i fråga. Genom denna process så fastställs en mer exakt datering av dörrarna. Genom översättningen av texten som finns på dörrarna presenteras de olika titlarna av dörrarnas ägare. Efter en diskussion om det som är känt om dessa titlar och jämförelse med andra titelhållare så dras en slutsats om deras status. Skendörrarna av Hershefnakht och Senetites kan båda dateras till, som tidigast, Pepy II:s regeringstid. Däremot är deras senaste möjliga datering svårare att specificera. Nyankhantys skendörr kan dateras till Nyuserre Inis regeringstid som tidigast, och senast slutet av 5:e dynastin. Det är svårt att bestämma vilken status Hershefnakht hade, då han endast har en titel vilket kan peka på både en högre och lägre status. Däremot går det att säga ganska säkert att Nyankhanty var en högt uppsatt präst och befälhavare över någon form av trupp. Senetites kan utan större svårigheter placeras i, eller nära hovet även om den exakta positionen är oklar.
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Houston, Paul. "Ancient Israelites and Barbarian kingdoms : the influence of the Old Testament in the Early Middle Ages." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727401.
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This thesis originated from a desire to understand why Christians in the Middle Ages condoned religious violence, and how the use of force became an acceptable tool in the armoury of the Church to further its cause. Political and financial motivations aside, 1 argue that the Old Testament played a key role in the shaping of medieval thought to the point where acts of Christian violence were understood as the will of God. 1 aim to address four primary questions. In what ways did the Old Testament grow in popularity throughout the Early Middle Ages? Was there a uniformity of Old Testament influence across the main Christian kingdoms? How was the Old Testament used by Christian writers to elucidate God’s plan for the world? And lastly, how was Scripture used to add meaning to the lives of those who treasured it? The thesis shows, through a range of texts and examples, that the influence of the Old Testament was partly linked to the growth of monasticism. Early monks displayed a preference for the Hebrew Scriptures, and as monasticism spread across Europe, becoming widely popular and fashionable, so did the Old Testament. This process was encouraged by Church leaders who believed that God desired to establish a universal Christian State, acting through medieval kings and emperors who had embraced the Christian faith. Such powers, whose history and culture were steeped in warfare, identified easily with a Yahwistic view of God, one that promised divine protection in return for faithfulness. The thesis provides a deeper investigation of the connection between monasticism and the promotion of Old Testament values in the Middle Ages, and illustrates how the recurrence of Old Testament themes throughout medieval literature helped to breed a culture of Christian violence that would eventually lead to the Crusades.
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Atanassova, Vessela. "Les prêtres Hmw-ntr du culte divin (de l’époque thinite à la fin de l’Ancien Empire)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040226.
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Les prêtres sont une partie indissociable de l’organisation et du fonctionnement de la société égyptienne. Parmi eux les prophètes avaient une grande importance dans le clergé égyptien. Leur étude nous permet non seulement une meilleure compréhension du sacerdoce égyptien, mais aussi une meilleure connaissance de la religion égyptienne. Concentrée sur l’époque thinite et l’Ancien Empire, notre recherche a fait l’examen exhaustif des titulaires des prêtrises divines afin de comprendre les mécanismes de l’obtention de celle-ci et les fonctions déléguées aux prophètes. L’examen de sources nous a parmi d’attester une relation entre fonction civile et prêtrise divine qui est étudiée en détail. Nous discuterons la chronologie des prêtrises, les divinités concernées et la nature de ses titulaires. Nous interrogeons sur l’obtention et la transmission de la prêtrise divine. Enfin, nous poserons la question sur les lieux d’exercice de la fonction sacerdotale, ainsi que sur ce que celle-ci devait êtreThe priests were an inseparable part of the organisation and functioning of the Egyptian society. Among them the prophets were one of the most important for the Egyptian clergy. The study of them allows us not only a better comprehension ofthe Egyptian priesthood but also a better knowledge of the Egyptian religion. Focused on the Early dynastic period and the Old Kingdom our research examinedthe holders of the divine priesthoods in order to understand the ways of having andobtaining it. The study of the sources allowed us to attest a relation between the civil service and the divine priesthood. We discussed the priesthood’s chronology, the mentioned gods and its holders. We question about its obtainment and transmission. At last, we focused on finding the place of exercise of the priesthood and its significance
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Robson, Sally Jane. "International market entry : determinants of Australian exports and direct investment to the United Kingdom." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15844/1/Sally_Robson_Thesis.pdf.
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Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.
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Robson, Sally Jane. "International Market Entry: Determinants of Australian Exports and Direct Investment to the United Kingdom." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15844/.
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Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.
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Guégan, Izold. "Le hnr : recherches sur un groupe religieux de l’Ancien au Nouvel Empire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL106.
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Cette thèse a pour sujet un groupe religieux égyptien, principalement féminin, connu sous le nom de hnr. L’étude ici menée propose de comprendre l’évolution, la structure hiérarchique et les pratiques rituelles de ce groupe de façon diachronique en se fondant à la fois sur les sources textuelles et iconographiques. La période concernée va du début de l’Ancien Empire à la fin du Nouvel Empire. La thèse est divisée en deux volumes, le premier étant dédié à la présentations des résultats de l’enquête et le second regroupant l’ensemble des sources rassemblées et sur lesquelles se fonde l’analyse. Les résultats de cette enquête montrent d’abord les évolutions du hnr à travers les époques concernées avant de discuter la structure hiérarchique ainsi que l’éventail des rites et rituels du groupe. La thèse propose en outre une analyse des relations entre les genres au sein du hnr et interroge également sur les liens entre ce groupe religieux la royauté et l’élite. Enfin, la signification-même du terme hnr est discutée et envisagée sous l’angle des sources rassemblées ici. Cette thèse propose de comprendre le hnr dans le contexte plus large de l’évolution des clergés féminins égyptiens afin de saisir sa singularitéThis thesis is about an Egyptian religious group, mainly feminine, known as hnr. The study carried out here proposes to understand the evolution, of the hierarchical structure and the ritual practices of this group in a diachronic way based on both textual and iconographic sources. The period covered ranges from the start of the Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom. The thesis is divided into two volumes, the first being dedicated to the presentation of the results and the second bringing together all the sources collected and on which the analysis is based. The results of this investigation first show the evolution of hnr through the periods concerned before discussing the hierarchical structure as well as the scope of rites and rituals of the group. The thesis also offers an analysis of gender relations within the hnr and also questions the links between this religious group, royalty and the elite. Finally, the very meaning of the term hnr is discussed and re onsidered in regard of the sources gathered here. This thesis proposes to understand the hnr in the broader context of the evolution of Egyptian female priesthood in order to grasp its singularity
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Martin, Nicolas. "De la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle aux bureaux de Versailles, les relations commerciales entre droit romain et Europe du Nord au XVIIIe siècle : la voile rochelaise dans l'ombre de la Hanse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD035.
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Créée en 1719 pour lancer une nouvelle représentation de la sphère « commerciale » au sein de la généralité, la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle, point central d’une organisation institutionnelle complexe, participe activement à la vie politique et économique du royaume. Malgré la rivalité organique qui la fragilise, cette neuvième chambre parvient finalement à se présenter comme l’interlocuteur privilégié du négociant et son plus fervent défenseur. En tant qu’intermédiaire entre les rouages du pouvoir et les maisons de commerce, elle devient le pilier du négoce de la généralité et aussi sa mémoire, en collectant une abondante correspondance et de nombreux écrits touchant au commerce. Inscrite dans une logique de participation mais aussi de contestation, sa défense des intérêts locaux au sein du vaste intérêt national trouve tout particulièrement à s’exprimer dans les relations commerciales avec l’Europe du Nord. Certes, les préoccupations essentielles du commerce sont ailleurs, dans la mesure où ce circuit maritime ne saurait rivaliser en importance avec le trafic colonial et la traite négrière. Pour autant, les négociants rochelais n’entendent pas se résigner à la situation de fait qui prévaut dans la route du Nord : des denrées coloniales et des marchandises françaises fort convoitées par l’espace septentrional, mais transportées presque exclusivement sous pavillon étranger. Connus pour être de « grands disputeurs et faiseurs de mémoires », les Rochelais ne manquent pas d’analyser au fond les causes de la crise du commerce direct entre le Nord de l’Europe et le royaume. Ils dénoncent non seulement la mainmise quasi hégémonique des Anglais et des Hollandais sur cette voie d’échanges, mais également les mesures adoptées par les bureaux de Versailles qu’ils jugent trop timides. Cette réalité, expliquée jusqu’alors par des considérations d’ordre économique, politique et culturel, se colore de tout autres teintes si l’on prend en considération la norme juridique. Analysée à plusieurs niveaux et dans plusieurs dimensions, cette dernière révèle une inégalité de traitement manifeste entre négociants français et étrangers. Ententes diplomatiques, traités internationaux, législation douanière, cadre institutionnel, toutes les composantes de la règle de droit jouent un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de ce circuit maritime. Toutefois, la corrélation entre la règle de droit et le commerce du Nord ne saurait être appréhendée par la seule étude des échanges avec le port de La Rochelle. Le regard doit se porter également vers les modèles institutionnels et douaniers septentrionaux. Or ces derniers confirment que la spécificité de la norme juridique dans certains États du Nord constitue un élément déterminant de cette carte maritime. Et au-delà de ce constat, l’analyse attentive de l’un des plus anciens monuments du droit maritime médiéval, par ailleurs à l’origine de la ligue hanséatique, conduit à une singulière découverte : ce texte, connu sous le nom de « Lois de Visby » laisse transparaître, dans le berceau même de l’Europe du Nord, une très nette influence romaineCreated in 1719 to launch a new representation of the "trade” sphere within the general population, the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce, the central point of a complex institutional organization, participates actively in the political and economic life of the kingdom. In spite of the organic rivalry which weakens it, this ninth Chamber succeeds finally in becoming the privileged representative of the trader and its most fervent supporter. As the middleman between the wheels of power and the trading companies, it becomes not only the mainstay of popular trade, but also its recorder, by collecting numerous items of correspondence and papers relating to trade. In a policy of both participation and dispute, its defense of local interests within the vast national interest is especially to be found in business relations with Northern Europe. Admittedly, the main trade concerns are elsewhere, as this maritime circuit could never compete in importance with colonial traffic and the slave trade. For all that, the Rochelais traders do not intend to give up - which is shown in the route to the North: colonial commodities and French products, strongly desired by the North, but transported almost exclusively under a foreign flag. Famous for being "big debaters and memory makers", the Rochelais do not fail to analyze the root causes of the direct business crisis between Northern Europe and the kingdom. They denounce not only the almost hegemonic control that both the English and the Dutch have over these trade routes, but also the measures adopted by the Versailles offices which they consider too timid. This reality, explained until then, by economic, political and cultural considerations, looks completely different if we consider the legal rule. Analyzed on several levels and in several dimensions, the latter reveals an obvious disparity of treatment between French and foreign traders. Diplomatic agreements, international treaties, customs legislation, institutional framework, all the components of legal rule, play an important role in the functioning of this maritime circuit. However, the correlation between legal rule and trade with the North could not be explained merely by the observance of trade exchanges with the port of La Rochelle. The northern institutional and customs models must also be examined. And yet these models confirm that the specificity of legal rule in some Northern States constitutes a determining element of this maritime chart. Furthermore, the careful analysis of one of the oldest monuments of medieval maritime law, at the origin of the Hanseatic league, leads to a singular discovery: this text, known by the name of "Lois de Visby" shows clearly, in the cradle of Northern Europe, a very clear Roman influence
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Furlong, Pierce James. "Aspects of ancient Near Eastern chronology (c. 1600-700 BC)." Melbourne, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2096.
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The chronology of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Near East is currently a topic of intense scholarly debate. The conventional/orthodox chronology for this period has been assembled over the past one-two centuries using information from King-lists, royal annals and administrative documents, primarily those from the Great Kingdoms of Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia. This major enterprise has resulted in what can best be described as an extremely complex but little understood jigsaw puzzle composed of a multiplicity of loosely connected data. I argue in my thesis that this conventional chronology is fundamentally wrong, and that Egyptian New Kingdom (Memphite) dates should be lowered by 200 years to match historical actuality. This chronological adjustment is achieved in two stages: first, the removal of precisely 85 years of absolute Assyrian chronology from between the reigns of Shalmaneser II and Ashur-dan II; and second, the downward displacement of Egyptian Memphite dates relative to LBA Assyrian chronology by a further 115 years. Moreover, I rely upon Kuhnian epistemology to structure this alternate chronology so as to make it methodologically superior to the conventional chronology in terms of historical accuracy, precision, consistency and testability.
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Adams, Matthew Joel. "The early dynastic through Old Kingdom stratification at Tell er-Rub'a, Mendes." 2007. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2302/index.html.
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"Cataloguing images for life six feet under: a comparative study on old kingdom Egyptian and Han Chinese visual data." 2015. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291559.
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Huang, Tzu-hsuan.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 633-641).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24, October, 2016).
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Kovalovská, Soňa. "Sociální role a význam šperku ve Staré říši." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411553.
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This work offers a view into the representation and function of the jewellery in the Old Kingdom. We can consider jewellery as a part of the cultural values of mankind, not only because of its aesthetic function. My purpose is a comprehensive insight of the importance and the representation of jewellery in the Old Kingdom, which is associated with a social role of the tomb owners. The primary source of knowledge of the meanings and functions of the jewellery are the iconographic sources in the Old Kingdom nonroyal tombs, including the scenes of the jewellery workshops and jewels as part of the funerary equipment.
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Jeřábek, David. "Správní aktivity v Raneferefově pyramidovém komplexu podle svědectví pečetních otisků." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373702.
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The aim of this thesis is to re-evaluate and re-discuss sealings that were uncovered during the excavations of the pyramid temple of King Raneferef in Abusir, resp. those which are kept in the collections of the Náprstek Museum in Prague. It deals with the general typology of cretulae and the method of their documentation and it tries to assess sealings under study in regard to the former typology. The second part of the work attempts to find details regarding the activity and authority of officials who were using seals in connection with the operation of the pyramid complex of King Raneferef. This was attempted by a search for recurrent seal designs attested on fragments of cretulae found in the area of the pyramid complex and by a study of the properties of their seal holders and their activity, areas where the fragments of sealings were found, titles that were attested on their sealings, and kinds of objects that were sealed by their seals.
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Hlouchová, Marie. "Sluneční kult v době Staré říše." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307484.
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The aim of this thesis is to enrich existing knowledge concerning to the sun cult in the period of the Egyptian Old Kingdom when the cult of the sun god Ra was strongly connected with the ideology of the kingship of the ancient Egyptian state and also with the belief in eternal afterlife of king. On the basis of chosen writing, epigraphical and archeological documents the thesis will try to describe extent and effect of the sun cult on the ancient Egyptian society.
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Čermák, Michal. "Thovt v Textech pyramid." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336489.
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The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the role of the god Thoth in the Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, a corpus of funerary literature found most prominently in the underground chambers of the pyramids of the kings and queens of the 5th and 6th dynasty. Following the division made by H. M. Hays, the topic is treated in two parts: the first is concerned with Thoth in the personal texts, where he is presented as a lunar deity and a transition figure, the second with the sacerdotal texts, studying his position in the myth of Osiris and Horus. The function of the god in both is shown to stem from his role as a mediator betwen the various elements of the divine world, mainly through a number of particular findings with regard to the individual motifs in which Thoth is found in the Pyramid Texts. The work concludes with a summary of these findings and an outline of Thoth's nature in the corpus.
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Štěpánová, Věra. "Kamenné sarkofágy v Egyptě ve 3. tisíciletí před Kristem." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313010.
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This thesis deals with the origin and development of stone sarcophagi in the Old Kingdom. Based on documentation of finds and their statistical processing aims to characterize the main diachronic trends in specific social classes of ancient Egyptian society.