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Journal articles on the topic 'Old mortars'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vaičiukynienė, Danutė, Agnė Liudvinavičiūtė, Reda Bistrickaitė, Olha Boiko, and Vilimantas Vaičiukynas. "Alkali-Activated Slag Repair Mortar for Old Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Ordinary Portland Cement." Materials 18, no. 10 (2025): 2272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102272.

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In this study, alkali-activated mortars were prepared using two different types of fine aggregates: natural sand and biomass bottom ash. These mortars were used as a repair material for structures constructed using old reinforced concrete structures based on Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Experimental studies have shown that the alkali-activated slag mortar with biomass bottom ash (BBA) from the bubbling fluid bed meets the repair mortar class R1 according to EN 1504-3. The suitability of such repair mortar is determined by the good adhesion properties of the alkali-activated slag binder to o

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Karampatsou, G., Th Markopoulos, E. Repouskou, and G. Triantafyllou. "Minerological and physico-chemical properties of the building materials of Koule castle, Heraklion, Crete." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (2013): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11013.

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This study was designed to determine the physical and technical characteristics of the building stones and mortars of the Koule Castle Heraklion, in order to use compatible materials in future restoration works. Five core samples of rocks and masonry mortars have been extracted from different parts of the monument. Both mortar and rock samples have been studied by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their morphological characteristics, granulometry and mineralogical composition have been determined. In the old mortars a thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, while mortar sampl

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Makunza, John K., and G. Senthil Kumaran. "Analyses of Deteriorating Old Masonry Buildings; Characterisation of Materials for Establishment of their Compatible Repairs." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 15 (April 2015): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.15.47.

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Most of the Governmental and religious building structures in Rungwe district are masonry structures built during the German East Africa period. These structures are deteriorating despite of various efforts on their repair intervention using modern cements and paints. This paper studies the types of mineral binders used, composition and physical characteristics of these in-situ mortar materials for the purpose of deciding on their appropriate compatible repair materials. Field observations and investigations, laboratory materials testing and review of the literature showed that the in-situ mor

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Branco, Fernando G., Maria de Lurdes Belgas, Cátia Mendes, Luís Pereira, and José Marcos Ortega. "Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063281.

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The use of lime as a binder in masonry lining mortars plays an important role in its conservation and durability. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of pre-existing and restoration mortars is essential in order to guarantee the compatibility between them and for avoiding the appearance of pathologies. The paper mainly focuses on the study of the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars to be applied in rehabilitation works in old buildings. Four types of mortars were tested with very similar workability, based on lime putty, aerial lime, and hydraulic lime. Sand and crushed rock p

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Lico, Alessia, Maya Akouche, Matteo Maria Niccolò Franceschini, Giulia Misseri, Silvia Rescic, and Luisa Rovero. "Florence City Centre Historical Mortars: Digital Image Analysis of thin sections in view of conservation actions." MATEC Web of Conferences 403 (2024): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440307012.

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Conservation actions in historical urban centres must consider compatibility criteria in the selection of repair materials to ensure effective long-term intervention. Along this, compatibility between old and new mortars employed in conservation action requires the characterization of the historical mortar to design a new mortar mix. Digital image analysis (DIA) of thin sections of historical mortars observed under a transmitted polarised light optical microscope appears as an effective methodology for the characterization of mortars. In this work, three samples of bedding mortar were collecte

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Wang, Ru, and Liang Zhang. "Mechanism and Durability of Repair Systems in Polymer-Modified Cement Mortars." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594672.

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This paper investigated the mechanism and durability of repair systems made of ordinary cement-based repair mortar and three kinds of polymer-modified repair mortars with old concrete, SBR dispersion, SAE dispersion, and SAE powder. By comparing the bonding properties of mortars before and after erosion, it was found that polymers could effectively improve the durability of the repair system and SAE powder had the best improvement. Micromorphology study of the repair mortar and the interface of repair mortar with old concrete through SEM showed that the polymer film formed from SAE powder what

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Klimek, Beata. "The method of research and structure analysis of the historic mortar. Part I – the macroscopic and microscopic - in visible light and electron microscopy." Budownictwo i Architektura 11, no. 2 (2012): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2223.

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The former construction mortar differ significantly from the currently used. In many cases the historic mortar have very good physical-chemical properties. Therefore, the method of preparation of these mortars are still interesting for modern technology. But there is no precise guidance in archival technology. Therefore, attempting to re-create the old recipes make it sometimes very difficult. Set of methods in the study of historic mortars allow comparative analysis, as well as the reproduction of ancient recipes for modern conservation and technology of construction materials.

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8

Catalin, Saitis, Manea Lucia Daniela, Marioara Moldovan, et al. "Recycled Aggregates Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Lime-Based Mortars." Materials 17, no. 20 (2024): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17205122.

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The current framework for managing construction waste, guided by European Union regulations, calls for an integrated waste management system. However, the reuse of old plaster waste, particularly from deteriorated facades, remains underexplored. This study investigates the potential of repurposing old plaster waste as a substitute for aggregates and cement in mortars, with the aim of promoting environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. Three mortar mixes were analyzed: a control mix, a mix with 45% waste replacing aggregates, and a mix with 10% waste replacing cement. Results show t

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9

Papayianni, I. "The longevity of old mortars." Applied Physics A 83, no. 4 (2006): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3523-2.

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10

Janotova, D., and Z. Slizkova. "Lime-based mortars with various binder composition: characterization and freeze-thaw resistance assessment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1205, no. 1 (2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1205/1/012009.

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Abstract The study focused on lime mortars with different lime binder types regarding the frost attack effects on their microstructure and mechanical characteristics. The performances of studied mortars in hardened state was significantly influenced by the amount of mixing water and by curing conditions. Inhomogeneous microstructure was observed inside the 360 days old specimens with dimensions 40 × 40 × 160 mm in the case of all lime mortars types. The different state of the binder hardening with respect to various distances from the specimen surface and the different behaviour of matured out

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11

Bao, Kan, Gaowang Zhang, Jiangpeng Lv, Junmin Li, Zexin Chen, and Jie Yuan. "Bonding Performance and Microstructural Mechanism between Rapid Repair Materials and Old Concrete Pavement." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072156.

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In China, airports predominantly utilize airport cement concrete pavement, which inevitably undergoes deterioration in service. To uphold pavement durability and functionality, and ensure aircraft operational safety, prompt repairs of affected areas are imperative. Therefore, ordinary Portland cement mortars were used as the control group to compare and analyze the bonding performances of two common airport pavement repair materials: modified Portland cement mortars and phosphate cement mortars. Meanwhile, through microscopic experiments, the microscopic characteristics of the interfacial tran

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Shivakumar, Mani, Aruna Singh, Thirumalini Selvaraj, and Shanmugapriya Thangaraj. "Production of the Traditional Organic Mortars of Padmanabhapuram Palace—A Characterization Study on the Simulated Mortars for Their Compatibility." Buildings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091466.

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The scientific investigation performed on the different mortar typologies of the Padmanabhapuram Palace mortars in a previous study led to the formulation of a similar traditional mortar. The outcome of the study was an increase in the carbonation action and mechanical strength of the mortar compared to conventional lime mortar, primarily due to the fermented organics such as aloe vera, cactus, kadukkai, hibiscus, jaggery, and neelamari. The transformation of portlandite crystals to calcite, along with the early developed C-S-H and C-A-S-H hydrated products reported by the XRD analysis. The bi

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Yao, Xinqiang, Bin Liang, Hai Zhang, Ziliang Zhang, and Zheng He. "Typical brick masonry walls reinforced with high-strength mortar and steel bars in the horizontal joints." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (2021): 2767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211012238.

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Based on investigation of rural buildings in china, there are more than 20% of the masonry structures constructed in 1970s. Thus, the old blue bricks (OBB) and old red bricks (ORB), which demolished from the typical brick masonry structures was built in 1970s, was chosen in the test. During demolishing the OBB and ORB, the original mortar was destroyed. Thus, the 1:7.8 cement mortar was chosen instead of original mortars and the 1:5 cement mortar was chosen as the reinforcement mortar. In order to know the performant of the reinforcement methods, there are three-level test plan was put forward

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Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge, Carlos Alves, and D. Lobarinhas. "Estimating the Age of Lime Mortars by Luminescence to Measure Pollution Rates." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.598.

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Lime mortars can suffer alterations when subjected to gaseous pollutants. Particulate air pollutants can also be deposited and incorporated to the mortar surfaces. Thus, they can be used as pollution tracers allowing us to measure deposition rates of pollutants to compare pollution loads. To calculate deposition rates the absolute age of the studied mortars must be known. Luminescence dating allows estimating the age of lime mortars but involves some partially unsolved problems. Luminescence yields the age of an object from the ratio between paleodose or cumulative radiation dose in the minera

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15

Ziegler, C. L. "Ursachen der Festigkeit alter römischer und gothischer Gebäude und die Mittel, gleiche Dauerhaftigkeit bei neuen Mauerwerken zu erhalten / Reasons for the strength of old Roman and Gothic buildings and ways how to achieve the same durability with new masonry." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 1 (2000): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5445.

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Abstract The Preussian Royal Directorate for Finance, Military and Property has published the following prize question in 1775: in which way depends durability of Gothic and Roman masonry on time, on specific local conditions, on the stones and mortars used, and on the design, the execution and curing conditions? And how is new masonry to be built in order to achieve the same durability? The text which has been selected for this award is presented in full length in this contribution. First some observations made in Roman buildings are described. The observations are explained based on Roman li

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Catalin, Saitis, Manea Lucia Daniela, Plesa Luminita Monica, and Saitis Lavinia Raluca. "Recycling Plaster Waste as a Substitute for Aggregates in Obtaining Plastering Mortars." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020491.

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The current context regarding the management of waste obtained from the construction industry, according to European Union laws and directives, requires the imposition of an integrated waste management system. The main objective of this study was to integrate and reuse old plaster waste as a substitute for aggregates in significant proportions in mortar composition and analyzing the impact on the physical and mechanical characteristics of mortar in fresh state and in hardened state. Over periods of 7, 14, and 28 days, the experimental program studied three types of plastering mortars: a standa

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17

Almeida, Luís, António Santos Silva, Rosário Veiga, and José Mirão. "An Approach to Accurately Identifying Binders in Historic Mortars by the Combination of Microscopic and Microanalytical Techniques." Minerals 14, no. 8 (2024): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14080844.

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Mortars are among the most important materials in building construction. They are generally obtained by mixing aggregates with an inorganic binder. The identification of mortar constituents, particularly the binder type in historic buildings, is one of the essential aspects of building conservation, considering that the new conservation materials must be chemically, mechanically, and physically compatible with the old masonries. Among other techniques used to characterise binders, those related to optical and electronic microscopy are particularly important. Microscopy and combined techniques

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18

Monteiro, João, Vitor Silva, and Paulina Faria. "Effect of Type of Curing and Metakaolin Replacement on Air Lime Mortars for the Durability of Masonries." Infrastructures 6, no. 10 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6100143.

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The interest in restoration and maintenance of old masonries towards their durability is nowadays combined with the concept of sustainability and the need to implement more suitable materials for building heritage interventions. This has led to the importance of having a better knowledge of air lime mortars, namely on the effect of pozzolanic additions, curing conditions and evolution at early stages. This study consisted in the characterization of mortars based on hydrated air lime and sand, with 1:2 (lime:sand) volumetric composition, with different weight percentages of substitution of lime

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19

E. Ali, Harith, Xavier Brunetaud, Kevin Beck, Naima Belayachi, and Malek Balawi. "Effect of curing conditions and formulation on the adhesive strength of stone-siporex mortar composite." Nexo Revista Científica 36, no. 06 (2023): 1006–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v36i06.17457.

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Background: Adhesive strength is one of the most important properties of the hardened mortar, and influenced by mortar workability (i.e. mortar water content), and substrate roughness surface degree. Objective: This study aims to measure the adhesion strength between three different hydrated aerial lime mortars, and the two most common building units in old and modern building in Loire valley in France: Tuffeau and Siporex, under different relative humidity (12,66,98%) and curing periods (7,28,90 days). Materials and Methods: These mortars include: B/F (1:5.6: Moisture=46 %, aggregate stone po

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Saitis, C., D. L. Manea, R. Fechete, L. M. Plesa, and L. Saitis. "Analysis of mortars with old plastering waste using state-of-the-art method: nuclear magnetic resonance." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1283, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1283/1/012009.

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Abstract One of the major problems we face today is the correct management of waste generated in all spheres of activity. Thus, the concept of sustainable development aims to develop strategies that prevent and solve problems already generated. Domain construction is the one that generates the most waste worldwide, according to recent studies, which requires the imposition of clear, effective, and future-proof measures to improve the environment and the health of the population. This paper is the continuation of a research program in which 3 types of mortar recipes are analyzed. The study invo

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21

Li, Yu Mei. "Research on Old Asphalt and the Regeneration Agent Compatibility Test." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1194.

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The key to recycling of old asphalt mixture is waste asphalt recycle, three regenerants were used as modifiers for old asphalt mortars, three major indexes and rotary viscosity after mixing it with waste asphalt recycle and measured, and simulating a transfer of the old asphalt mortars, then which evaluate on compatibility of the old asphalt and regenerant, to provide reference basis for the choice of regenerant.

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Torres, Isabel, and Gina Matias. "Sustainable mortars for rehabilitation of old plasters." Engineering Structures 129 (December 2016): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.009.

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23

van Hees, R. P. J., L. Binda, I. Papayianni, and E. Toumbakari. "Characterisation and damage analysis of old mortars." Materials and Structures 37, no. 9 (2004): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02483293.

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Botas, Sandro, Rosário Veiga, and Ana Luísa Velosa. "Adherence Evaluation in Tile-Mortar Interface." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.403.

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This article deals with some of preliminary tests to study the adherence mechanism of lime mortars to late XIXth Century tiles. The bond between them is mainly physical. A water absorption by capillary test and a suction test were performed to study the parameters of mortar penetration in tiles porosity. The old tiles seem to have a higher porosity than new ones. Some of the new specimens can be used to simulate the old tiles in future tests without applying partially destructive tests to historical objects.

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Botas, Sandro Miguel dos Santos, Maria do Rosário Silva Veiga, and Ana Luísa Velosa. "Reapplication Mortars for Old Tiles: Characteristics of Tiles and Mortars and Selection Criteria." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 8, no. 1 (2013): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2012.673690.

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Gailitis, Rihards, Beata Figiela, Kalvis Abelkalns, et al. "Creep and Shrinkage Behaviour of Disintegrated and Non-Disintegrated Cement Mortar." Materials 14, no. 24 (2021): 7510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247510.

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One way to prevent cement from ending up in landfills after its shelf life is to regain its activity and reuse it as a binder. As has been discovered, milling by planetary ball mill is not effective. Grinding by collision is considered a more efficient way to refine brittle material and, in the case of cement, to regain its activity. There has been considerable research regarding the partial replacement of cement using disintegrated cement in mortar or concrete in the past few decades. This article determines and compares the creep and shrinkage properties of cement mortar specimens made from

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Yusra, Andi, Muttaqin Hasan, Husni Husin, and Teuku Budi Aulia. "The Impact of Silica Fume Addition on the Early Age Compressive and Flexural Strength of Geopolymer Mortar with Various Binders." E3S Web of Conferences 621 (2025): 01007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202562101007.

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The study aims to explore the early age strength of geopolymer mortars using three precursors: palm shell ash, rice husk ash, and clamshell ash, with varying silica fume additions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The mortars were made with a 3:2 ratio of precursor to activator solution, using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a 1:2 ratio. Beam specimens (4 cm x 4 cm x 16 cm) underwent a flexural test at three days old, followed by a compression test. Results show the highest compressive strength for geopolymer mortar with palm shell ash (GM-PSA) was 36.03 MPa, geopolymer mortar with clamshell as

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Papayianni, Ioanna, and John Hughes. "Testing properties governing the durability of lime-based repair mortars." RILEM Technical Letters 3 (March 18, 2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.81.

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Lime-based mortars (LM(s)) seem to be preferred in repairing historic structures. The long-term performance of repair LM(s) is closely related to durability issues concerning the old structure substrate, the new repair mortars and interface between the two aforementioned materials, which is also much influenced by the technique of mortars application. Durability is a multifunctional property affected by a number of parameters, including local environmental conditions. However, experience showed that some of the characteristics of materials play a dominant role in assessing the durability

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Manoharan, Abirami, and C. Umarani. "Lime Mortar, a Boon to the Environment: Characterization Case Study and Overview." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116481.

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Lime is an ancient construction material that has been utilized throughout the world in various forms, providing stable construction methods in usable conditions. Lime mortar is well known for its low carbon footprint in production and carbon absorption throughout its lifespan as a hardened material. The significant benefits of lime mortar were analyzed and reviewed for further research. Ancient lime constructions need proper maintenance for aesthetic and structural strengthening to preserve this cultural architecture of national pride. Hence, the characterization of ancient mortars is mandato

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Nehari, Abderrahim, Adem Ait Mohamed Amer, Adda Hadj Mostefa, et al. "The influence of fine recycled asphalt pavement aggregates on the properties of self-compacting mortar in fresh and hardened state." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e10182. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-440.

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Sustainable development is a contemporary concern in the field of asphalt pavements, as road construction consumes a significant amount of new aggregates. Furthermore, road maintenance necessitates the milling of old pavement layers, which generates a substantial quantity of bituminous material waste. This study explores the use of recycled sand from asphalt waste as a substitute for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of natural sand in self-compacting mortar, aiming to achieve both sustainable and economical asphalt production. The differences in physical properties between natural sand (NS) and fine re

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Kumar, Padmapriya Arul, Sripriya Rengaraju, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Self-Waterproofing Performance of Repair Mortars With Inorganic Healing Agents." MATEC Web of Conferences 378 (2023): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202337803001.

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In Europe, about 55% of concrete bridges are about 50 years old and require non-structural rapid repair strategies to reinstate the aesthetic and durability performances. Existing strategies focus primarily on superficial restoration that continues to demonstrate premature deterioration due to inevitable micro-crack formations that further propagate to macro-cracks leading to the ingress of moisture along with harmful ions. In this study, the benefits of self-healing technology to control moisture ingress at the microscale were investigated. For this, tailored microcapsule with inorganic heali

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Branco, Fernando G., Maria de Lurdes Belgas, Cátia Mendes, Luís Pereira, and José Marcos Ortega. "Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094909.

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Coatings and plasters are an integral part of masonry cladding, having a fundamental protective and aesthetic function. They are exposed to numerous aggressive actions, which produce their degradation over time. The utilization of lime, as a binder in masonry lining mortars, plays an important role in their durability and conservation. The objective of this work is to analyze the fresh and durability properties of lime-based mortars for their application in the restoration of old buildings. Four different kinds of mortars were studied with similar workability, using as binders lime putty, aeri

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Khanom, Achia, DK Saha, SM Rahaman, and Al Mamun. "Elemental analysis of old mortar used in various archaeological sites of Bangladesh by SEM and EDAX." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 38, no. 2 (2013): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15595.

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Morphological characterization and mineralogical studies were performed on fifteen mortar samples collected from three ancient archaeological sites (Wari-Bateshwar, Lalmai-Mainamati, and Paharpur) of Bangladesh. Many cracks and pores were found in the mortar samples of Buddhist Lotus temple of Wari-Bateshwar. Energy dispersive analytical x-ray analysis confirmed the presence of C, O, P, K, Al, Fe, Na, Mg, Mn, Si and Ti in the mortar samples. The absence of Ca in the samples indicates that the clay was used in the architecture as binding materials. In the clay mortar, Si played an important rol

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Stella, Giuseppe, Luis Almeida, Lilia Basílio, et al. "Historical building dating: A multidisciplinary study of the Convento de São Francisco (Coimbra, Portugal)." Geochronometria 45, no. 1 (2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0089.

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Abstract Cross-dating of bricks and mortars from historical building, through thermal (TL) and optically stimulated (OSL) luminescence have achieved good accuracy and precision. However this approach is, in many cases, not exhaustive especially for buildings with different construction phases closely temporally spaced to each other. The uncertainties of experimental data added to the reuse of old bricks and/or the presence of mortars applied on restorations represent the main limits to obtain the complete chronology. In the case of the Convento de S. Francisco (Coimbra, Portugal), the dating r

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Yao, Zeliang, Yang Zhang, Tianjing Linghu, Yalun Qi, Maosen Lang, and Faning Dang. "Study on Chloride Diffusion Behaviors of Recycled Concrete of Random Aggregates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2607, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2607/1/012006.

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Abstract Based on the chloride ions (Cl−) diffusion model and aggregate grading theory, PYTHON and COMSOL are used to construct a mesoscopic model of recycled concrete random polygon aggregate and verify its validity in combination with existing experimental results. The diffusion law of Cl− in recycled concrete and the law of influence of critical factors on the Cl− erosion resistance are studied by calculating and analyzing the Cl− erosion resistance of recycled concrete under different working conditions such as the diffusivity of new and old mortar, the thickness of old mortar and the repl

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Vu Viet, Hung, and Quang Le Van. "Early strength enhancement of high-volume fly ash mortar using accelerating admixtures." Transport and Communications Science Journal 75, no. 1 (2024): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.75.1.4.

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High-volume fly ash mortar is considered a "green" material, a sustainable development solution for the construction industry, in which the fly ash replacement Portland cement content is over 50%. However, this material has the major disadvantage of slow strength development, especially at an early age, which limits its applicability. To overcome the above disadvantage, the individual or combined addition of lime Ca(OH)2, silica fume, and/or accelerating admixtures including sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), diethanolamine (DEA), and glycerol (Gly), etc. have been interested recently. In this study,

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Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge, Rebeca Blanco-Rotea, José Carlos Sánchez-Pardo, and David M. Freire-Lista. "OSL dating of mortars from constructive phases of the old chapel San Breixo de Ouvigo (NW Spain)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2204, no. 1 (2022): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2204/1/012098.

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Abstract The use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on ancient mortars have provided increasing knowledge of the history of buildings in the last years. In this work, we apply OSL dating on mortars of a key building for the history of NW Spain: the old chapel of San Breixo de Ouvigo. After archaeological excavations, more than 40 years ago, it was generally accepted that this building preserves, at least, a Late Roman (4th and 5th centuries) constructive phase with later modifications introduced in the Early and Late Middle Ages. However, neither stratigraphical nor chronologica

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Freire-Lista, Kahraman, and Carter. "Multi-Analysis Characterisation of a Vernacular House in Doha (Qatar): Petrography and Petrophysics of its Construction Materials." Minerals 9, no. 4 (2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040241.

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This study characterises the original construction materials (building stones and mortars) of a collapsed two-storey colonnaded structure in the Ismail Mandani house, located in the old city centre of Doha (Qatar). Results were drawn based on interpretation and integration of historical, in situ observations and analytical data. The mortars and stones were characterised following a multidisciplinary approach, combining macroscopic observation with petrographic microscopy, mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction) and elemental analysis (handheld X-ray fluorescence) of samples. Moreover, hydri

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Guadagnuolo, Mariateresa, Giorgio Frunzio, Michelina Monaco, and Anna Tafuro. "Pozzolanic Mortars for Restoration of Sacred Tuff Masonry Structures." Resourceedings 2, no. 3 (2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i3.653.

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Recent earthquakes have shown the seismic vulnerability of the Italian Architectural heritage and the need of interventions. The restoration design should take into account not only assessment and rehabilitation, but also the need of fruition of the cultural assets. These aspects have been considered in the last Italian seismic codes, a performance-based set of technical requirements to be addressed in the design process. In this framework, the requirements that the materials, meant to repair or replace historic ones, should fulfill are a key issue. In particular, for tuff masonry structures,

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Botas, Sandro, Rosário Veiga, and Ana Velosa. "Air lime mortars for conservation of historic tiles: Bond strength of new mortars to old tiles." Construction and Building Materials 145 (August 2017): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.027.

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Saca, Nastasia, Lidia Radu, Stefania Stoleriu, Daniela Dobre, Răzvan Calotă, and Roxana Truşcă. "Investigation of Physical-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mortars with Perlite and Thermal-Treated Materials." Materials 17, no. 14 (2024): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143412.

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This study aimed to obtain and characterize a mortar with perlite aggregate and thermal-treated materials that could substitute for Portland cement. First, the thermally treated materials were obtained by calcinating old Portland cement (OC-tt) and concrete demolition waste (CC-tt) at 550 °C, for 3 h. Second, plastic mortars with a perlite: cement volume ratio of 3:1 were prepared and tested for water absorption, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity. The microstructure was also analyzed. Portland cement (R) was partially substituted with 10%, 30%, and 50% OC-tt. Thermal-treated materi

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Fragata, A., and R. Veiga. "Air Lime Mortars: The Influence of Calcareous Aggregate and Filler Addition." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1280.

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Many historical buildings with renders based in air lime still exist in Portugal. These old mortars have proved to be durable and reliable materials. However, new lime mortars prepared nowadays to be used in conservation practice, often present low strength in comparison with cement mortars. This paper presents a study of the viability of improving the performance of lime mortars through the use of different nature aggregates (Tagus River siliceous sand and crushed calcareous sand) as well as different size distributions, varying the filler contents. For that purpose a set of mortars with volu

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Stefanidou, Maria, and Eleni Pavlidou. "Scanning Mortars to Understand the Past and Plan the Future for the Maintenance of Monuments." Scanning 2018 (July 18, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7838502.

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The effect of microstructure on macroproperties of building materials was the initiation in order to use microscopic techniques for studying the materials’ behavior. Primer role among the different techniques has the scanning electron microscope (SEM) as it provides much information in an easy and understandable way. SEM has been used in almost every study of the last decades, dealing with historic and repair materials to complete the analysis performed. In the case of historic mortars, it is a unique technique as it requires a small representative sample and without any intense treatment impo

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Olaniyan, Sule Adeniyi. "Pore Structure as a Determinant of Flexibility in Sustainable Lime-Cement Mortar Composites." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 6 (2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2021.6.6.2598.

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Flexibility of Lime Mortar resulting from its good permeability feature through its relatively large interconnected pore structure makes it popular as an old sustainable building material. This characteristic feature enhances its capability to suppress masonry deformation. However, its mechanical strength is weak. To address this shortcoming, cement is added to form a stronger composite. This study, therefore, evaluates the pore structure of the resulting lime-cement composite, with a view to assessing impact and sustainability of the lime’s flexibility in the overall performance of the compos

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Olaniyan, Sule Adeniyi. "Pore Structure as a Determinant of Flexibility in Sustainable Lime-Cement Mortar Composites." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 6 (2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.6.2598.

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Flexibility of Lime Mortar resulting from its good permeability feature through its relatively large interconnected pore structure makes it popular as an old sustainable building material. This characteristic feature enhances its capability to suppress masonry deformation. However, its mechanical strength is weak. To address this shortcoming, cement is added to form a stronger composite. This study, therefore, evaluates the pore structure of the resulting lime-cement composite, with a view to assessing impact and sustainability of the lime’s flexibility in the overall performance of the compos

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Adriano, P., A. Santos Silva, M. R. Veiga, J. Mirão, and A. E. Candeias. "The importance of SEM-EDS analysis in the study of old mortars." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S3 (2008): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608089381.

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The study of old mortars composition, using physical-chemical, mineralogical and microstructural characterization has an important role in the preservation of architectural heritage, allowing a deep knowledge about the materials used, construction techniques, possible repairs and degradation processes.

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Szydłowski, Jakub, Wojciech Szudek, and Łukasz Gołek. "Effect of temperature on the long-term properties of mortars containing waste glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag." Cement Wapno Beton 26, no. 4 (2021): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2021.26.4.1.

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The paper presents new and unique results of two-year examinations of mortars containing ground glass, as a substitute for 15 or 30% by mass of ordinary Portland cement in comparison with the properties of mortars with the analogous addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag, in different temperatures. Moreover, after a two-year curing period, the mortars were autoclaved. Samples were subjected to compressive strength measurements, XRD analysis and the determination of calcium hydroxide content, by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirm that as an additive, glass powder

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Petranek, Vít, and Jakub Hlawiczka. "Properties of Polyurethane and Epoxy Modified Cementitious Hybrids for Flooring Systems." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.87.

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This article focuses on a special kind of polymer modified mortars (PMM) which were developed especially for industrial floorings. These floorings are designed as self-leveling screeds, repair mortars or final coatings of the floor. The article investigates systems of two different binder systems (cement and PU or EP) with polymer-cement ratios between 0,2 to 0,75 [1-. Products of this range could be called cementitious hybrids. Polymers are added into cementitious mortars for different purpose. They are used mainly to improve performance of final product like the workability, adhesion, tensil

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Cayme, Jan-Michael, Renz Matthew L. L. Aurellano, Carmen Luisa P. Cabral, Gellyn Ann R. Alonzo, and Aniano N. ,. Jr Asor. "Assessing the Composition of 19th Century Lime Mortars from a Mission Chapel in the Former Hacienda de San Isidro de Mariquina Philippines." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 3 (2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.3.131-138.

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This paper presents the results of a chemical study on lime mortars manufactured during the Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines. Lime mortar samples, MRK-01 and MRK-02, were obtained from the facade of a historical mission chapel in Marikina City. The nature of the aggregate and binder components in these mortar samples were determined by performing sieve analysis and classified to be poorly graded with uniform gradation. An aggregate to binder ratio of approximately 1:1 was computed based on the solubility of the individual sieved fractions in hydrochloric acid. The silicate character

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Botas, Sandro Miguel dos Santos, Maria do Rosário Silva Veiga, and Ana Luísa Velosa. "Adhesion of Air Lime–Based Mortars to Old Tiles: Moisture and Open Porosity Influence in Tile/Mortar Interfaces." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (2015): 04014161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001108.

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