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Journal articles on the topic 'Old Turkic Inscriptions'
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1
HAO, CHEN. "On the Authorship of the Old Turkic Inscriptions." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186320000164.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the authorship of the Kül Tégin and Bilge Kağan inscriptions and manages to reveal the different layers of the text. Through a careful analysis of the Old Turkic inscriptions and the relative Chinese accounts concerning the Türk royal lineage after Bilge Kağan, it concludes that the text on the south side of the Kül Tégin Inscription and the north side of the Bilge Kağan Inscription were narrated by the younger son of Bilge Kağan, Teŋri Teg Teŋride Bolmış Türk Bilge Kağan, in Kaiyuan XXVIII (ca. 740). In that year his elder brother (Teŋri Teg Teŋri Yaratmış Türk Bilge Kağan) passed away, so the Chinese emperor sent envoys to ‘appoint’ him as the new Türk kağan. He took the opportunity of the visit of Chinese delegates led by Li Zhi to ask the Chinese craftsmen to inscribe his words onto his father's memorial. The same text was also inscribed onto the blank side of his uncle's memorial, while inserting a quotation of his father's words.
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Badam, Azzaya, Gerelmaa Namsrai, and Bayartuul Batjav. "Runic Inscriptions and Tamgas in Govi-Altai Province, MONGOLIA." Ази судлал 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/asinmongolia.v1i1.967.
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The great significance of ancient inscription is that it becomes evidence of that historical period. Approximately 170 runic inscriptions, date back to Old Turkic, Uighur period, had been registered in the territory of Mongolia so far. Govi-Altai runic inscriptions are located along the central road headed from Beshbalik to west southern until silk road in the period of Ancient Turkic, Uighur and they play important role in the studies of philology and history since they have many state and military ranking words and personal names. In this article, reading-lexical features and relevant Tamgas of 18 inscriptions discovered in Govi-Altai province have been studied. As of today, a total of 18 Runic inscriptions were discovered in 7 places from this province. The Biger’s 4 inscriptions had been discovered in 1969 for the first time by team “Inscription studies” of the Mongol-Soviet’s history and culture’s joint expedition, whereas our team discovered Davirt II inscription in 2020, and also research team from Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences discovered Khushuut Tolgoi’s inscription. The research team completed a hand painting of 95 Tamgas related to these inscriptions.
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MUNKHTULGA, Rinçinkhorol. "Old Turkic Inscriptions in Baga Khairkhan." International Journal Of Turkish Literature Culture Education 1, no. 1 (2012): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7884/teke.28.
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AYDIN, Erhan. "Notes On The Spelling Of Old Turkic Inscriptions Regarding Some Foreign Words In The Old Turkic Inscriptions." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 3 Issue 6, no. 3 (2008): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.453.
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Çalış Besli, Kerime. "Eski Türk Yazıtlarında Tanıklanan Çatı Ekli Fiillerde Eşdizim." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2024): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1512127.
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Old Turkic inscriptions are among the leading sources of Turkish language, literature, history, and culture. The inscriptions provide researchers, linguists, and historians with the opportunity to learn about the language, cultural concepts, and beliefs of that period. Proverbs, idioms, and collocations in historical and contemporary texts attract attention due to the richness of the language and the cultural elements they contain. In this study, the collocations formed by verbs with voice suffixes in Old Turkic inscriptions have been examined, and the linguistic, semantic, cultural, and functional characteristics of these collocations have been investigated. Some of the results we have reached in this study are as follows: In the collocations formed with voice-suffixed verbs, the suffixes {-t}, {-gUr}, {-Ur}, and {-tUr} function as causatives and serve a functional role in the cultural conceptualization of “having something built or erected (e.g., house, bridge, monument, tomb, etc.)” and “creating a nation or army.” Since one of the primary functions of these suffixes is “causative,” it can be inferred that the structure of Turkic states during the inscription period was based on a hierarchical relationship between the lower and upper levels of society and state life. Collocations formed by verbs with the {-n} voice suffix function as “passive, reflexive, and causative”, at atan- “to be given a title or name”, el törü etin- “to have one’s homeland or customs regulated”, il qazgan- “to conquer a country or homeland”. These collocations highlight the importance of the concepts of “homeland, customs, social order, hierarchy, army, and war” during the inscription period.
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Sadibekov, A. K. "Elements of Pedagigical Archetype on Old Turkic Monuments." Turkology 4, no. 102 (October 15, 2020): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-3162.003.
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Going through various stages of evolution humanity continuously aims to bring up the following generation rich in human qualities. To achieve these noble initiatives, various progressive models of bringing up have been developed from many centuries to the present day. Ancient Turkic monuments inscriptions, the most precious treasures of Turkic world pedagogics play great role in the education of specialists and children upbringing. When specializing future primary school teachers, philologists, and history specialists in higher education, it is necessary to include these great values in the curriculum. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the historical chronicle of ancient Turkic inscriptions on the monuments of Kultegin, bilge Kagan, Tonykok, which are considered the most valuable. The study of the heritage of Orkhon, Yenisei, and Talas monuments as ethnopedagogical values is of great importance in higher education. After all, starting from the kindergarten and school desks, it is obliged to lead the younger generation to the high culture and civilization of the ancient Turkic people. Thus, it would be possible to implement the ideas in the program article by N. Nazarbayev 'The course towards future: spiritual modernization'.
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DİLSİZ, Mustafa Selçuk. "Eski Türk Yazıtlarına Göre Türklerde Ortalama Yaşam Süresi." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1158517.
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Old Turkic inscriptions found in various geographies today have been studied by researchers in various aspects. In this study, the average life expectancy of the old Turks was determined in the light of the data obtained from the Orkhon Inscriptions, Yenisei Inscriptions and Kyrgyzstan Inscriptions. When determining these life periods, the lifestyle of the old Turks, the geography in which they lived, the economy and health services were taken into account. It has been determined that data on the average life expectancy are usually found in the Yenisei inscriptions.
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Asanov, Eldor. "Case Forms in Turkic Runiform Inscriptions from Central Asia." Golden scripts 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2020.2/hseg5329.
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The studying of the case category in the Old Turkic language has a long history in linguistics. This category, which is important in the sentence structure of Turkic languages, is thoroughly examined in most grammars and monographs of a general character. Despite this, there are very few researches on the case paradigm of nominal declension. Studies on the language of one of the small and poorly studied groups of the corpus of runic texts – Central Asian findings are very few as well. None of the scientists have yet conducted special research on the case category in them, have not reconstructed their case system.This article is dedicated to filling this gap to some extent. It discusses about the case forms in Turkic runiform inscriptions from Central Asia. The attempt to reconstruct the case system of Turkic dialects spread in the region has been taken on the basis of the collected data.According to the taken results, there were six case forms in Turkic runiform inscriptions from Central Asia of VIII century. All of them are similar with the forms that were identified in other corpuses of documents in Old Turkic language – Orkhon and Yenisey texts.At the same time, some of case forms determined in Orkhon and Yenisey texts were not found in mentioned inscriptions. The article contains some versions of explanation for this situation.
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Аззаяа, Бадам, Төмөр-Очир Идэрхангай, and Батдэлгэр Амгаланбат. "Ногоон уулын бичээс." Mongolian Journal Anthropology, Archaeology and Ethnology 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjaae.2023120110.
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Every year, in Mongolia, new runic inscriptions are discovered, and according to the latest data, a total of 193 monuments from 108 places have been documented. Only in 2023 were five new inscriptions found, which is a significant accomplishment for epigraphic research. This article will provide information on the II and III inscriptions found in 2023 as well as the first reading interpretations of the Nogoon Uul I inscription found in 2022. Located on the borders of Bor-Öndör and Darkhan soum in Khentii province, Nogoon Uul is site to a monument written in the old Turkic alphabet that was discovered in 2022 by a research team led by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Iderkhangai Tömör- Ochir. Based on the information provided by this team, during the examination of the inscription in 2023, two new inscriptions that had not been previously reported from this area were discovered by our project team. Acknowledgement: The research has received funding from the National University of Mongolia under grant agreement P2022-4373 and PROF. 2023-2737.
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Derin, Mehmet Oğuz, and Erdem Uçar. "Augmenting parametric data synthesis with 3D simulation for OCR on Old Turkic runiform inscriptions: A case study of the Kül Tegin inscription." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2024): 278–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1501797.
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Optical character recognition for historical scripts like Old Turkic runiform script poses significant challenges due to the need for abundant annotated data and varying writing styles, materials, and degradations. The paper proposes a novel data synthesis pipeline that augments parametric generation with 3D rendering to build realistic and diverse training data for Old Turkic runiform script grapheme classification. Our approach synthesizes distance field variations of graphemes, applies parametric randomization, and renders them in simulated 3D scenes with varying textures, lighting, and environments. We train a Vision Transformer model on the synthesized data and evaluate its performance on the Kül Tegin inscription photographs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, with the model achieving high accuracy without seeing any real-world data during training. We finally discuss avenues for future research. Our work provides a promising direction to overcome data scarcity in Old Turkic runiform script.
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TEKİN, Talat. "On A Misinterpreted Word In The Old Turkic Inscriptions." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 1 Issue 2, no. 1 (2006): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.31.
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Chen and 陳浩. "A Study on the Chronology of Old Turkic Inscriptions." Central Asiatic Journal 61, no. 2 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0313.
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Chen, H. "A Study on the Chronology of Old Turkic Inscriptions*." Central Asiatic Journal 61, no. 2 (2018): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/caj/2018/2/6.
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Tüngüç, Kader. "Eski Türk Runik Yazılı ile Uygur Yazılı Sosyokültürel Metin Örnekleri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2024): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1516433.
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In this article, a Turkic runiform inscription and a Uyghur written letter will be examined comparatively from a linguistic perspective. The research question is to what extent are the Yenisey inscriptions and the letters from the Old Uyghurs similar? Hemçik-Çırgakı (E 41) from the Yenisei Inscriptions was chosen as the sample text for the Turkish Runic written document, and letter numbered Or. 8212 (180) was chosen as the sample text for the Uyghur written text. Care has been taken to ensure that both texts bear the general characteristics of their genres. These texts, which reflect the sociocultural life of their period, were examined in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics. An evaluation was made on some common features identified as a result of comparing the texts.
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Gulcali, Zemire. "A Study on the Hapax Legomenon ‘yogun yolpa’ Hendiadys in Old Uyghur." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 75, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2022.00177.
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In Turkic, hendiadys has an important place as a method that is used for the emphasis of an expression. In addition to Old Turkic inscriptions, hendiadyses, which are often used in Old Uyghur texts, still survive in contemporary Turkic languages. In this article, the hendiadys of yogun yolpa i.e. ‘unmannerly, cumbersome, rude, ugly’ which appears only once (hapax legomenon) in Old Uyghur texts, and never in works from other periods, will be studied in comparison to examples from contemporary Turkic languages. The etymology of the two words yogun and yolpa which form the hendiadys will be investigated. The first element of the hendiadys, yogun, ‘intense, rude, rough, ugly’ has already been the subject of various studies. The other element of the hendiadys, the word yolpa, which does not appear in any other text, is analysed in this article.
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AYDIN, Erhan. "Türk Runik Bibliyografyası’na Ek III." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 7–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1234984.
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Thousands of studies have been worked on the old Turkic inscriptions, which are the first known written period texts of the Turks, since the first day they were discovered. This article aims to add to the current bibliography published in 2017 as the Turkic Runic Bibliography (İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat Publications). The article contains the overlooked studies in the Supplement section, and the studies studies in 2021 and 2022 in the New Publications section.
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Vavulin, M. V. "DOCUMENTATION OF OLD TURKIC RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS OF THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS USING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (November 14, 2017): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-257-2017.
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Old Turkic runic inscriptions of the Altai Mountains (8th–9th centuries AD) were digitized in the course of this project to be preserved in the current state on the Web and deciphered by linguistic experts. The ways the inscriptions were made as well as their location in hardly accessible areas required finding an inexpensive solution that would provide detailed 3D documentation of rock faces, while at the same time mobility and autonomy. Digital photogrammetry came as a quite affordable and optimal choice for getting high-quality outcomes using inexpensive software and further data processing using free software.
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Gabbaskyzy, Shaimerdinova Nurila. "A root morpheme in the Old Turkic language." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-95-108.
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The old Turkic literary language was formed on the basis of ancient Turkic dialects. In the era of the ancient Turkic kaganates, the language of runic inscriptions as a single literary language was used by various Turkic tribes or unions of tribes – Kipchaks, Oghuz, Uighurs, Turgesh, Kirghiz. The internal structure of the old Turkic literary language has been sufficiently studied in terms of graphic, phonetic-phonological, lexical, morphological. However, the morpheme-derivative system of the language has been studied fragmentarily and inconsistently. The purpose of this article is to consider the structure of the old Turkic word, in particular, the potential of the root morpheme. The structure of the old Turkic word consists of a root and affixal morphemes, differentiated into derivational, inflectional and formative. A root morpheme is a sign unit, the content of which is encoded information embodied in the lexical meaning of the word. The meaning of the root is singular and concrete, in contrast to the abstract meanings of auxiliary morphemes. The root morpheme of the old Turkic language differs from the root morphemes of modern Turkic languages in a number of ways, and above all in the preservation of historical relics, primary monosyllabic and verb-nominal syncretism. In the process of the historical development of the structure of the Turkic word on the basis of monosyllabic, a new model of the root appears, along with which many types of non-derivative roots, three/four/five/six-syllable/seven-syllabic, function in the old Turkic language, which reveals the potential of non-derivative Turkic roots. Another feature of the old Turkic root is the variability of its sound-phonemic composition ((ил/ел; ир/эр/ ер; бен/мен, сен/син, ол/ул/у; мын/мин/мен/мун/мүн) il/el; ir/er/er; ben/men, sen/sin, ol/ul/u; myn/min/men/mun/mun), which is uncharacteristic for root morphemes of modern Turkic languages. Such diffuse changes are fundamentally due to the archaism of the proto-forms and the influence of ancient Turkic dialects.The root morpheme is the old Turkic language is an active participant in the act of word creation, representing a generating basis in the formation of derivative words with word-building affixes. The derivation of the root morpheme is also revealed in the formation of complex, paired words and combinations of words, typologically inherent in the Turkic languages both in diachrony and in synchrony.The root of the old Turkic word structure is the subject of a required article by the author.
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Vovin, Alexander. "A New but Not Exciting Study of Yeniseian Old Turkic Inscriptions." International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25898833-12340039.
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Ünal, Orçun. "The Needle Case of Jánoshida Revisited." Archiv orientální 81, no. 2 (September 12, 2013): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.81.2.173-182.
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The needle case of Jánoshida is a significant artefact of the Late Avar period. It is inscribed with the Old Turkic uniform script on three sides. The present paper offers new readings for the three inscriptions on the needle case, explores its origin, and defines the traits of the underlying language based on these readings.
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AYDIN, Erhan. "Türk Runik Bibliyografyası’na Ek IV." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1439337.
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Since their initial discovery, the Old Turk inscriptions in the Turkish Runic script, which represent the earliest known written texts of the Turks, have been the subject of extensive scholarly investigation, encompassing thousands of studies. The aim of the study is to contribute to the existing bibliography, as outlined in the 2017 publication entitled “Turkic Runic Bibliography” by Bilge Kültür Sanat Publications. In doing so, this research endeavour aims to expand the existing body of knowledge in two key areas: the “Additions” section will include previously overlooked publications, while the “New Publications” section will include works published in 2023. By expanding and refining the existing literature, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the rich cultural and historical heritage contained within these ancient inscriptions.
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Aydın. "Who were the Narrators of the Old Turkic Inscriptions? A Study of the Küli Čor and Tariat (Terh) Inscriptions." Central Asiatic Journal 64, no. 1-2 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.64.1-2.0039.
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Shaimerdinova, Nurila, and Aisulu Kupayeva. "On the history of the research of old Turkic Orhon Inscriptions in linguistic aspect." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2015.4.1.680.690.
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Nevskaya, Irina, Larisa Tybykova, Mikhail Vavulin, Olga Zaytseva, and Evgeniy Vodyasov. "3D documentation of Old Turkic Altai runiform inscriptions and revised readings of the inscriptions Tuekta-V and Bichiktu-Boom-III." Turkic Languages 22, no. 2 (2018): 194–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/tl/2018/2/194.
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Sodiqov, Qosimjon. "The Predicative Parts of Speech Except the Verb (ot-kesim) and its Expression in the Language of old Turkic Inscriptions." Golden scripts 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2020.4/ogew6075.
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The type of predicate that is called ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) in traditional grammar is relative. Because the predicate of the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) are not only formed with such as noun, adjective, numeral or pronoun. Those that we consider them as predicate (in the group of Name including noun, adjective, pronoun, etc.) are followed by the copulas that are -turur, -durur (in present-day Uzbek language: -dir “in English -dir is to be”) which logically refer to emphasis. In all sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), the copula is logically required instead of a predicate, and the predicate of such as sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) returns again to the verb. Although they are the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), the predicate is logically required in the structure of a sentence. The state of being a predicate of the words except for a verb can be considered the result of historical-linguistic progress that lasted for more than a hundred years. In this article the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), and the factors of their origin are discussed, using the example of inscriptions.
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Kulzhanova, B. R., and M. Zh Myras. "PHONO-MORPHO-SEMANTICS OF THE ABORIGINAL NOUNS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." Tiltanym 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-2-37-45.
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Nouns, which are the leading groups of words, have always needed to be studied in the field of linguistics. In particular, it was necessary to study the influence of phonosemantic and phonomorphic-semantic phenomena on the phonetic or phonetic, semantic features of words in the modern language. On the contrary, another group of nouns does not change its appearance, but changes its internal lexical composition. Some have lost their old meanings, while others add new lexical meanings. According to researchers, the noun was used in ancient Turkic inscriptions. Orkhon-Yenisei monuments have their own system of phonetic, morphological and semantic features. Introduces many settings for correct reading and translation of individual words. Scientists also explained in detail the peculiarities of recording sounds in the monument. Focuses on phonetic and grammatical structure. The article discusses the phonomorphosemantic characteristics of ancient nouns and the definition of nouns in the language of medieval written monuments from the point of view of the modern Kazakh language. In addition, scientific concepts of indigenous words were generalized, the opinions of scientists-researchers of Kazakh linguistics, such as Marhabat Tomanov, Berikbai Sagyndykuly, Zhamal Mankeeva, etc. were taken as a basis.
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Shikhaliev, Shamil Sh, and Ilona A. Chmilevskaya. "TIMUR’S WARRIORS AND FIRST MUSLIMS IN KISCHA VILLAGE: EPIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ABU BAKAR-SHEIKH CEMETERY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 864–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch164864-887.
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The article overviews some tombstones of the Abu Bakar-sheikh cemetery (Darg. – Abu Bakar-shaikhla hIyabri), located in the center of the village of Kischa. During the detailed analysis of their styles, shapes, inscriptions, as well as interviews with locals, the authors divided the monuments into two groups according to their characteristic features. The first one is tombstones of Abu Bakar-sheikh’ followers, who after his death remained in the village. The monuments of this group are characterized with artistic variety, rich ornament, and the inscriptions carved on them, mainly written in Kufic script. By analogy with dated steles of the similar design in the Kubachi highlands and the Kaitag-Tabasaran zone, the monuments can be dated from the beginning to the first half of the 15th century. The second group of tombstones located in the same cemetery is distinguished by the lack of decoration and stone processing; the names of the buried have Turkic-Persian roots which is not characteristic of local anthroponymy. By combining these facts, as well as information from written sources and local legends, it was possible to draw a parallel between these burials and Timur's sixth campaign to Dagestan in 1396.
The reconstruction of events established that Kischa village, located at the old trade route that connected Kaitag and Zirihgheran with Akusha, Usisha and Mugi villages, was in the way of Timur’s army heading towards Kaitag and Zirihgheran. Upon pillaging the village, timurids suffered some losses, and the only possible place for burring their dead in Kischa was the Muslim cemetery of Abu Bakar-sheikh. Thus, the paper describes the group of tombstones of Timur’s soldiers, which is unique in modern Dagestan.
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Tishin, V. V. "Two Old Turkic Runic Inscriptions on Spindle-Wheels from the Territory of Western Baikal Region: the History of Finds and Their Historical and Cultural Significance." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 27 (2019): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2019.27.36.
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UÇAR, Erdem. "RENTZSCH, J. & H. YILDIZ. The Uybat Inscriptions: a Group of Old Turkic Runic Texts from the Yenisei Area, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2020, 146 pp. ISBN: 978-3-11-067448-4." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 4, no. 2 (June 14, 2020): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.748751.
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Khromov, Kostiantyn. "One of the ‘New City’ (Shahr Al-Jadid) Copper Coin Types: Reading the Obverse Legend." Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo 2021, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ul2021.06.101.
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The article deals with two particular topics of Juchid numismatics. The author examines the legend written in Arabic letters on the obverse of copper coins struck at Shahr al-Jadid, a town once located on the site of nowadays’ Old Orhei settlement (Moldova). Researchers use to attribute the coinage of this type to the final stage of Juchid presence in the region (second half of the 1360s). Silver coins of that period, save for the latest issues (AH 769–770), bear the name of Khan ʿAbd Allah (1363–1370). As for copper coins, all belonging to the same undated type, those were long considered anonymous. Early in the 2000s the Romanian numismatist Eugen Nicolae suggested to see on them the Turkic name ﻗﺘﻠﻐﺒﻮﻏﺎ Kutluğboğa, implying certain graphic errors in the coin inscriptions. On the basis of written sources researchers use to associate this name with one of the Juchid Khan’s regional governors, a dignitary who took part in negotiations with Venice in the middle of 1340–1350 and later also in the battle against the Lithuanian prince Olgerd’s army at Sinie Vody (‘Blue Waters’) in 1362. Two completely different reading versions of the same coin inscription have induced the author to carry out a study aimed at clarifying the real spelling and translation of the obverse legend. In the course of joint work with colleagues (Vladimir Nastich), the author has come to the conclusion that Eugen Nicolae’s reading of the obverse legend on the copper coins in question is critically erroneous and the proposed reading of the legend as the name Kutluğboğa is impossible, which is confirmed by a detailed analysis of the arabographic legend, accompanying with high quality photos of clearer samples. The author has succeeded to reaffirm the reading of the legend proposed by Svetlana Yanina in 1977. Vladimir Nastich offered a refined translation of the cited expression as “glorious [is] who is moderate”. Other types of Juchid copper coins of the late 14th century containing the same legend were also found. A similar dictum was detected as part of a more complete saying on a copper coin of the Qajar dynasty (Rasht, AH 1229 / 1813–1814 [Zeno numismatic database, #9077]). All this has led the author to transferring his search from numismatics to Islamic texts. As a result, the cited saying has been found among the Hadith ascribed to Prophet Muhammad. Spelling, transcription and translation of the expression look like this: ﻋﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﻊ ﻭذل ﻣﻦ طمع ʿazza man qanaʿa wa-d̠alla man ṭamaʿa “glorious [is] who is moderate, and despicable [is] who is greedy”. The result of the described work can be outlined in several paragraphs: The legend on the ‘New City’ copper coin obverse is not Turkic as per Eugen Nicolae, just Arabic. Instead of whatever name, it contains the first part of the saying ﻋﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﻊ ʿazza man qanaʿa “glorious [is] who is moderate”. The cited saying is present within the set of Hadith allegedly uttered by Prophet Muhammad. Thus, the question of correctness of its reading and translation can be considered settled and closed. The text of Hadith has been fixed on a Juchid coin for the first time. The use of part of the Hadith in the design of a mass coin issued in Eastern Europe before the withdrawal of the Juchids requires special attention and further study. The article should be interesting to historians and numismatists studying the history of Juchi Ulus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the earliest history of the Moldavian principality, Islamic numismatics, and also to all those who are curious about the given topic.
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Koloda, Vladimir. "An old Turkic runic inscription from forest-steppe Khazaria." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 9 (September 20, 2014): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2014.3.9.180.193.
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WURİGENBAOYİN, Wurigenbaoyin, and Zagarperenlei TÜMENBAYAR. "Prenses Bilge’nin Türbesindeki Yazıt Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1287249.
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In the tomb of Princess Bilgä, who held a prominent position in the Second Turkic Khaganate, an extraordinary inscription spanning 23 lines, each containing 23 characters, extolled her beauty and wisdom. This monumental inscription, measuring 7.5 cm in thickness and 60 x 60 cm in dimensions, is adorned with intricate floral motifs on all four sides. Discovered in 1983 within the residence of a local farmer residing in the town of Luozhou, located in the Fujou district of China’s Fujian province, known as Dayan Qian, this historical artifact is now carefully preserved within the Fujou County Museum. Remarkably, the inscription concludes with a dedication, etched in bold characters, declaring it as the “Memorial Stone of Jichu (激秋) Palace, distinguished for its exquisite calligraphy and artistic significance.” Researchers have subsequently affirmed that this marks the ownership of Chen Chenshi, the father of Chen Bao Chen, who was a mentor to Puyi Emperor. In this comprehensive study, our aim is to shed light on the significant historical narrative encapsulated within the monumental inscription found in the tomb of Princess Bilgä of the Second Turkic Khaganate. We also endeavor to translate this inscription into Old Turkic and present it to the global scientific community, contributing to our collective understanding of this remarkable historical artifact.
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Vinogradov, Andrey, Denis Kashtanov, and Viktor Chkhaidze. "Turkels – a Turkic Family in the Byzantine Civil Service." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.11.
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Introduction. The paper considers the two Byzantine lead seals of the second half of the 11th century, the owner of which was a translator (ermeneutes) with a non-Christian name Turkeles. Analysis. The correct reading of the owner’s name was possible by comparing the sigillographic texts with the inscription on a silver bucket found in Perm region (Russia). This richly ornamented vessel made in the last third of the 11th – 12th c., belonged, according to the inscription, to a Christian person called Theodore Turkeles. The most probable etymology of this very rare name is Turkic. Because both seals originate from the territory of the Old Rus, we can suppose that he was involved in the northern policy of Byzantium. Results. It can be assumed that the owner of the seal, Turkeles, became the first Rhomaios in his family, entering the service of the Emperor as a translator from Turkic languages. The owner of the bucket, Theodore was called by the second name Turkeles, either from his father or as a family name. Since no other Turkeles is attested in the Byzantine sources, the bearers of this name were not very successful in cultivating their family tree, and the patronymic could simply not have time to turn into a family nickname.
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Nevskaya, Irina, Larisa Tybykova, and Mikhail Vavulin. "Kuttu I, a recently discovered Old Turkic Altai runiform inscription and its reading and interpretation." Turkic Languages 23, no. 2 (2019): 133–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/tl/2019/2/133.
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Кalikov, R. К. "Manichaeism in the Uyghur written monuments." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 4 (2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-4-51-62.
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The article is devoted to the study of Manichaeism in Uyghur written monuments. Manichaeism is a religious belief that emerged in the Middle East in the 3rd century AD. Manichaeism contained Zoroastrian, Christian, Judaic, Mithraic and Buddhist elements. However, it is a holistic, complex religious system based on the dualistic philosophy of the struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, bright and dark. After the demise of the Old Turkic Khaganates, the Uyghur Begyu Khagan made Manichaeism the state religion of the Uyghur Khaganate. One of the reasons for the adoption of Manichaeism by the Uyghurs was the Begyu Khagan’s desire to establish relations with the Sogdians, the missionaries of Manichaeism, who were trying to spread it in East Turkestan, China and Mongolia.The spread of Manichaeism among the ancient Uyghurs is attested by Chinese and Arabic sources, but especially by several Uyghur monuments. Among these monuments is the Karabalgasun inscription, found by N.M. Yadrintsev in 1889 during an expedition to Mongolia, Ordu-Balyk (Karabalgasun). The author of the article analyzes the content of the Karabalgasun inscription and other Uyghur texts, explores the essence of the ideas of Manichaeism and reveals its origin, spread and close connection with Buddhism
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Tishin, Vladimir V. "Analysis of the Previously Unknown Estampage of the Tonuquq Inscription Found in the Kyakhta Museum of Local Lore of Academician V. A. Obruchev." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-205-217.
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In July 2019, I received information about the discovery of an estampage of an inscription made in Old Turkic Runic Writing in the fond “Documents. Photo documents” of the Kyakhta Museum of Local Lore of Academician V. A. Obruchev. Judging on several obtained photographs, it has been tentatively identified as To?uquq/Tonyuquq Inscription. It is an epigraphic text on a monument of the period of the so-called Second Eastern Turkic Qaghanate, great nomadic empire that existed in Inner Asia in 682–744 A. D. The monument was discovered in 1897 and has since been repeatedly studied, copied and translated. I could find no information on which of the copies could have been found in Kyakhta. The opportunity to get acquainted with the find in situ came only in December 2019, and it became apparent that this copy has been previously unknown to the academic community. The subsequent work followed two directions. Firstly, it was necessary to establish the origin of the copy, its authorship, dating, and circumstances surrounding its appearance in the collections of the Kyakhta Museum of Local Lore. Secondly, it was necessary to work directly with the discovered copy for the purpose of its comparison with others known copies and, if possible, of identifying differences in copying any of the text fragments. As a result, it has been understood that the copy was made by Chinese scientists and then somehow transferred to St. Petersburg, wherefrom W. Kotwicz sent it to Kyakhta in April 1913 as a supplement to W. Radloff’s “Atlas of Antiquities of Mongolia.” Incidentally, it has been discovered that at least one of the similar copies of the To?uquq/Tonyuquq Inscription, stored today in the fonds of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (IOM) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, must be contemporary to the one found in Kyakhta. A careful analysis of the copy itself — eight estampages corresponding to the eight sides of the To?uquq/Tonyuquq Inscription (four sides on two stelae) — has allowed us to conclude that individual fragments differ from the corresponding ones on earliest copies made in 1898 in the course of the Orkhon expedition work, as well as from those made in 1909 in the field research of G. J. Ramstedt. We have also made measurements and description of these estampages.
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ТОПАШОВ, М. "Исторические основы идеи вечной страны." Вестник Карагандинского экономического университета, no. 1(68) (March 26, 2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52445/bkeu.2023.68.1.009.
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Мақалада «Мәңгілік ел» идеясының қайнар-бастауларына, арғытүп белгілеріне жіті назар аударылып, оның жыраулық, ақындық поэзияда сабақтаса жалғасуының ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Ұлттық идеяның алғышарттарын негіздейтін мәңгі ел болу идеясының кәмелеттену жолының күретамыры тым тереңнен бастау алатыны әдеби талдаулар арқылы дәлелденеді. Түркі жазба ескерткіштеріндегі ой-пікірлер мен қазақ жыраулары Асан қайғы, Қазтуған, Бұқар қалдырған ел, жер туралы ой-толғамдар, философиялық түйіндеулер халықтың өмір сүру әдет-ғұрпы қалыптастырған бір дүниетанымның жемісі екендігі тарихи деректермен сараланады. Махамбет, Дулат, Шортанбайлардың өлең-толғауларындағы елдің бірлігі, тұтастығы туралы айтқан ой-пікірлеріне талдау жасау арқылы жыраулар мен ақындар арасындағы сан ғасырлар бойы жалғасып жатқан шығармашылық байланыс бір сәтке үзілген емес деген тұжырым жасалды. Олардың ұлт тұтастығы, ел тәуелсіздігі туралы толғаулы ой-пікірлерінің өзара үйлесім табуы, ұлттық идеология тұрғысынан үндесуі, тарихи-танымдық мәні түсіндіріле талданады. Махамбет, Дулат, Шортанбай сияқты ақындар өздерінің өлең-толғауларында салт-дәстүрдің бұзылуы, жердің тарылуы сияқты қоғамдық өзгерістерді бүгінге өткенді қарама-қарсы қою арқылы бейнелесе, ХIХ ғасыр соңында мұндай қарсылық ағартушылық идеяларымен рухтанған Ыбырай шығармаларында да көрініс бере бастады. Ол ерекшелік ағартушылық бағытта жазылған өлеңдеріне талдау жасау арқылы нақтыланып сараланды. Ұлы Абай шығармаларының идеялық-көркемдік маңызы күні бүгінге дейін өзінің құндылығын сақтап отыр. XX ғасырдың бас кезінде алаш арыстары Ахмет, Міржақып, Мағжандардың Абай дәстүрін қалай жалғастыра алғанын анықтау, әсіресе, олардың көзқарастарындағы ұлттық мүдде, тағы басқа ортақ жайларды нақтылау мақсат етілді. Жаңа тарихи жағдайда олардың Абай дәстүрін қалай меңгергенін, одан әрі қалай жалғастырғанын анықтау қажет болды. Олардың Абай дәстүрінен тағылым алуы, оның озық идеяларымен қаншалықты сусындай білгені, қоғам шындығын боямасыз көрсету үшін қандай ізденістерге барғаны герменевтикалық талдау әдістерімен нақтыланды. Ұлттық дүниетанымның астарына терең үңіліп, «ел-жұрт» идеясын өмірге әкелген Абайдың қазақ дүниетанымына, оның өмір сүру дәстүріне, елдік салт-санасына жасаған тұжырым-түйіндеулері Ахмет, Міржақып, Мағжандарға әсер еткені салыстыра талдау арқылы дәлелденді. «Мәңгілік ел» идеясының теориялық негіздерін нақтылау, тарихи тамырын анықтау, қалыптасу кезеңдерін әдеби сабақтастықта қарастыра отырып, бүгінде тәуелсіз қазақ елінің ұлттық идеясына айналуын зерделеу дәстүр жалғастығы тұрғысынан қарастырылды. В статье уделено пристальное внимание истокам идеи «Вечной страны», особенностям ее развития в жырау, письменной национальной поэзии конца Нового и начала Новейшего времени. Литературоведческий анализ свидетельствует о том, что мысли о Вечной стране, закладывающие предпосылки национальной идеи, уходят своими корнями в седую старину. Берущие начало в древних тюркских петроглифах и получившие развитие в произведениях акынов-жырау Асана Кайгы, Казтугана, Бухара, мысли об обетованной земле, где будут царить вечный мир и спокойствие, глубокие философские обобщения являются результатом интеллектуально-художественной деятельности единой цивилизации, сформированной образом жизни народа. В работе проанализирован путь гармоничного становления отраженной в литературных произведениях национальной идеологии, базирующейся на традиционном мировоззрении жырау и представлениях о Вечной стране тюркских письменных памятников. Идеологическое и художественное значение произведений Абая в общественно-политической жизни страны по-прежнему сохраняет свою значимость. В начале XX в. острую общественноую актуальность приобрела проблема преемственнности литературно-философской традиции Абая в творчестве алашских львов Ахмета, Миржакыпа, Магжана. В новом историческом контексте необходимо было определить, как они восприняли и развили учение Абая. Методы герменевтического анализа выявили степень их приверженности традициям Абая, умение погрузиться в лучшие идеи своего времени, поиск ясной картины общества. Обобщая проведенный Абаем анализ казахского художественного познания, быта и национальных обычаев, проникший в глубинные корни национального мировоззрения и представивший его психосоциальные основания, сравнительный анализ показал, что он оказал фундаментальное влияние на мировоззрение Ахмета, Миржакыпа и Магжана. В связи с этим представлением о Вечной стране, берущим истоки в древнетюркских письменных памятниках, изучение этапов формирования, особенностей преемственности осуществлялось посредством литературоведческого анализа. The article pays close attention to the origins of the idea of "Eternal Country", the features of its continuation in Zhyrau, poetic poetry. Literary analysis proves that the idea of becoming an eternal country, which justifies the preconditions of the national idea, has its roots in the path of maturity. Thoughts in Turkic inscriptions and Kazakh poets Asan kaygy, Kaztugan, Bukhara left the country, thoughts about the land, philosophical summaries are the result of one civilization, in particular, the worldview formed by the way of life of the nation. The harmony of the traditional worldview of the Zhyraus with the idea of being a country in the Turkic written monuments, the harmony of the national ideology in terms of literary relations are considered and analyzed. It is obvious that Makhambet, Dulat, Shortanbay, who were able to inspire the nation, determined the direction and ideological position of Kazakh poets in the future. Therefore, analyzing their views on the unity and integrity of the country, it was concluded that the centuries-old literary connection between the Zhyraus and the poets was not broken for a moment. Their thoughts on the independence of society, the state, the country - the harmony of opinions, the harmony in terms of the degree of national ideology, the historical and cognitive meaning were analyzed and analyzed scientifically. Poets such as Makhambet, Dulat, and Shortanbay in their poems portrayed social changes such as the destruction of traditions, the narrowing of the earth, and the weakening of religion by contrasting the past with the present. The analysis of his poems written in the direction of enlightenment was carried out ideologically and thematically. In general, the nature and individuality of the works of poets were determined by scientific analysis. Attention was paid to the works of Kazakh scientists Ismailov E, Suinshaliev H, A. Egeubaev, H. Abzhanov, and references were made to the scientific connections for the purpose of research. The ideological and artistic significance of Abai's works in the socio-political life of the country still retains its significance. At the beginning of the XX century, the aim was to clarify how the Alash lions Ahmet, Mirzhakyp, Magzhan continued the Abay tradition, in particular, to identify national interests and other commonalities in their views. In the new historical context, it was necessary to determine how they accepted and further developed the teachings of Abai. The methods of hermeneutic analysis clarified the extent to which they adhered to the traditions of Abay, the ability to immerse themselves in the best ideas of their time, the search for a clear picture of society. Summarizing Abai's analysis of the Kazakh artistic cognition, life, and national customs, which delved into the deep roots of the national worldview and presented its psychosocial foundations, the comparative analysis proved that it influenced the worldview of Ahmet, Mirzhakyp, and Magzhan. In this regard, the idea of the eternal country began with the ancient Turkic written monuments, the study of the stages of formation, the peculiarities of continuity was carried out through literary analysis.
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Sartkoja, K. "Ancient Turkish reading of the Brahmi text Kuis-Tolgoi (HT1)." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 136, no. 3 (2021): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-136-3-105-132.
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The article considers published historical documents related to the language and history of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia from the eighth to the eleventh centuries and preserved to this day. Such as Old Turkic scripts (runic), ancient Sogdian, Manichean texts. In 1974, a pillar written in ancient Sanskrit in the Brahmi alphabet was first discovered in Central Mongolia. Until 2017, the text of the column was not deciphered, and the inscription had been ignored for 43 years. In 2017, German Sanskrit specialist Dieter Maue found the key to this text and published only transliteration (D. Maue,2017). Transliteration D. Maue was used by A. Vovin and L. Khurtsbatar presented the text as a document in the ancient Mongolian language. Unfortunately, their work was not crowned with success. The author of the article read the text in the ancient Turkic language using the Brahmi alphabet, reproduced and performed its historical and linguistic analysis. The text was written 1400 years ago.It provides information about historical events related to the First AncientTurkic Khaganate. There has been left reliable information about the fate and death of the leaders of the period when the First Ancient Jurassic Kaganate was divided into western and eastern. It considers two large rival groups on the Mongolian plateau, the Kipchaks and the main tribes of the Oguz group. At the same time, It informs about religion and paleoethnography.
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Erdal, Marcel. "Rentzsch, Julian / Yıldız, Hülya : The Uybat Inscriptions. A Group of Old Turkic Runic Texts from the Yenisei Area. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2020. VIII, 146 S., 34 Abb. 8° = Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker 30. Hartbd. € 69,95. ISBN 978-3-11-067448-4." Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 116, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2021-0165.
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Mitko, O. A. "“D.G. Messerschmidt’s Cups”." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.138-145.
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We describe two metal vessels, procured by looters and offered to D.G. Messerschmidt, who in 1722 traveled across southern Krasnoyarsk Territory. A bronze cup, judging by a description in researcher’s journal and by the accompanying drawing, resembled Old Turkic specimens. However, the hunting scene engraved on its body suggests Chinese provenance. A silver vessel from the vestry of Fort Karaulny church is peculiar to 7th–10th century Sogdian toreutics. It evidently belongs to a group of vessels with polygonal bodies, specifi cally to type 1—octagonal. Having been manufactured in Sogd, polygonal vessels were exported to China. Chinese jewelers copied the form of “wine cups” and adorned them with traditional fl oral designs and various scenes. An octagonal silver cup with an Uyghur inscription, found in 1964 in a kurgan at a medieval cemetery Nad Polyanoi, was likewise manufactured by Tang artisans. Other polygonal silver cups are listed—heptagonal and sexagonal. It is concluded that vessels made of precious metals testify to stable trade relations that emerged in 700–1100 and connected Siberia with Sogd and the Tang Empire.
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Kupayeva, Aisulu. "Suffixation in Old Turkic Inscriptions." GSTF Journal on Education 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7603/s40742-014-0016-4.
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AbstractRecently, the language of one of the oldest Turkic written records, which are dated back to VII-IX centuries, the Orhon Old Turkic monuments are studied in different aspects, considering that these inscriptions contain important historical, linguistic and cultural data on Old Turkic period. In addition, the language of Old Turkic inscriptions, as the earliest valuable written data for language reconstruction and establishment of genetic relations of modern Turkic languages, is still a frequent subject in Turkological studies, as well as in Altaic studies.Suffixation is widely used productive word formation in Old Turkic as well as in Modern Turkic languages as an agglutinative type of languages. The study of suffixal morphemes in the language of Old Turkic inscriptions is important in reconstruction of archetypes, etymological base of suffixes and historical development of word formation process of Modern Turkic languages. This paper presents a detailed description of suffixes in Old Turkic inscriptions, giving the morphemic –structural, semantic and etymological analyses and historical development of derivations in modern Turkic languages.
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Kupayeva, Aisulu. "Suffixation in Old Turkic Inscriptions." GSTF Journal on Education 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2345-7163_2.2.60.
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Sadibekov, Аskat К., Raushan K. Baiymbetova, Akbota К. Myrzakhanova, Zh S. Yergubekova, G. Abilova, and A. D. Sadykova. "Teaching genesis of old Turkic alphabet and its connection with Turkic tribe Tamgas." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 42, no. 3 (September 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i3.58529.
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Old Turkic inscription with 2500-years history from the beginning of the 5-4th century A.D., it has been proven that archaeologists have come to prove that European Rune has reached the Turkic steppe. Every nation in the world has its genealogy, peculiarities and viewpoints. Each nation has its own language, customs, thinking system and value. It is common today that the Old Turkic language, which has been around for 300 years, has a great deal of social studies. The main aim of this paper is that the history of old Turkic inscriptions was formed 4-5th centuries before the European Rune inscription, and that this subject should still be studied in depth. The purpose of this study is to lay the foundation for Turkologists by training future philologists, and to open the way for a more in-depth study of our vision in the future. In recent years, the discovery of many exhibits in the territory inhabited by nomads can serve as an occasion to change the content of the prediction. This paper presents the thought that old Turkic scripts inherent to them. This idea is based on the opinions of famous scientists, based on the symbols of the Old Turkic tribes. This article focuses on scientific research from current scientists. The new data presented during the training of future philologists regarding the genesis of the ancient Turkic script will be analyzed.
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Sharifova, S. Sh. "Scientific debate about the genre of the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions." Turkic Studies Journal, 2021, 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2021-4-98-111.
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This paper attempts to define the genre of the Orkhon-Yenisei Old Turkic inscriptions. The Orkhon -Yenisei inscriptions, found in the territory of modern Mongolia, attracted researchers’ attention in two directions. First, the interest was shown in scientific field, and then in the field of fiction. Along with the historiography, the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions have been studied from a cultural point of view, as well as from the point of view of literary criticism. Today Azerbaijani, Turkish and Russian scientists still dispute about the genre of the Orkhon-Yenisei written monuments. Different views have been expressed on the genre of the Orkhon-Yenisei written monuments. The researchers emphasize The Old Turkic written monuments emphasized the fact of the presence of researchers in the rhythm of folk poetry and “weighty verses”. Taking into consideration the feature of narrative written in verses and the connection with a folk poetry, a number of researchers define these inscriptions as poems in prose (F.E. Korsh, Amid Abid). Other authors note that the inscriptions are “a small literary work” (Vasfi Mahir Gochatürk). Furthermore, the inscriptions are considered “a small literary work”, “common Turkic historical heroic poems”, “epitaphs”, “graveyard poetry”, “a separate genre”, “prose texts”, “historical legend”, “prose in verses” etc. The Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions manifest themselves as a mixture of prose and poetry, which is characteristic of the Turkic epic. We find the perfect example of this tradition in the epic Kitabi Dede Gorgud, a common Turkic monument. That is, a combination of prose and poetry. The Yenisei epitaphs, the Orkhon “Bangu stones” attract attention as the direction in which the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions will study the poetics of ancient Turkic literature. Although the Orkhon-Yenisei monuments were studied as texts of poems, epitaphs, epics, chronicles, stories, novels, stories, etc. Orkhon-Yenisei monuments should not be considered as an example of epitaphs. The Orkhon-Yenisei Inscriptions is a historical-documentary novel of poetry, combining genre features of different genres. The existence of such novels of poetry as the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions created the conditions for the creation of meaningful novels of poetry during the Eastern Renaissance. The creation of a novel of verses by Nizami Ganjavi in the XII century confirms this
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He, Chuansheng. "On the discovery and interpretation of overcounting in Orkhon Inscriptions." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, April 29, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186322000256.
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Abstract The discovery of overcounting in Orkhon Inscriptions has been an important contribution by historical comparative linguistics during the nineteenth century. However, the initial interpretation of overcounted numerals in Orkhon Inscriptions by Thomsen and Radloff was not correct, resulting in serious difficulties in reconstructing old Turkic history. It was Bang and Marquart who worked out the true semantics of overcounted numerals. This article aims to present a historical overview on the discovery and interpretation of overcounted numerals in Orkhon Inscriptions. Considering that Bang and Marquart did not explicitly spell out their evidence for reaching the true semantics of these numerals, this article presents a series of arguments proving the existence of overcounting in Old Turkic based on language per se, historical facts, logical reasoning, and bilingual translation.
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Ölmez, Mehmet. "Notes on Old Turkic ‘Dongoin Shiree’ Inscriptions Newly Discovered Ast Mongolia." Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, December 20, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26561/iutded.369185.
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Ōsawa, Takashi. "Revisiting the Ongi inscription of Mongolia from the Second Turkic Qaγanate on the basis of rubbings by G. J. Ramstedt." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2011, no. 93 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.82435.
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Since its discovery in the late 19th century, the Ongi inscription is well known as one of the Old Turkic inscriptions in Mongolia. In the early 20th century, however, the inscribed stele was badly destroyed and only partly conserved, which makes it difficult to research the original text. It is therefore noteworthy that the rubbings and photographs taken by G. J. Ramstedt and S. Pälsi in the excavation of the site in 1909 are still preserved in the collections of the Finno-Ugrian Society in Helsinki. This paper aims to reconstruct the original orientation of the inscription and to analyse philologically the new texts, and to resolve historically the purpose and dating of the stele and by whom it was established, with reference to new materials and the original data of the author's fieldwork.
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Altangerel, Enkhtur, Darkhan Kydyrali, Napil Bazylkhan, Nurbolat Bogenbayev, Buyankhishig Tserenkhand, Batbold Gonchig, and Dalantai Sarantuya. "Qutluq qaghan’s Altar and Monument." Studia Archaeologica, December 29, 2022, 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/sa.v41i1.2484.
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International Turkic Academy and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences jointly carried out archeological excavation at nine burial sites, which date back to the old Turkic period, in the Nomgon valley in Khashaat soum, Arkhangai aimag (province) in 2019-2022. During the “Nomgon-2” excavations, we conclude that the burial site was dedicated to the restorer of the Second Turkic empire, Elteris, who reigned as Qutluq Qaghan in 682-692, the father of Bilge Qaghan and Kültegin. The capped head and lower part of the Qaghan statue, two smaller pieces of a stone head statue, two stone statues of sheep, a stone statue of a lion with two cubs, roof ceramics, surface ceramics, bricks, a sacred square stone with a center hole, and other historical objects have been found from the sacred sites. At the sacred site’s зэл чулуунаас the seal of the “eshir” (Ashina) royal dynasty was found. The discovery of this stone stele with inscriptions is significant for global nomadic civilization and Turkic studies. During the archeological excavations, it is found for the very first time that the stele, of which two wolves and lotus are inscribed in the upper part, with inscriptions in Old Turkic, Sogdian, and Brahmi scripts. In particular, “Qutluq Qaghan” is clearly written in Old Turkic and Sogdian.
Товчлол. Монгол улсын ШУА-ийн Археологийн хүрээлэн, Олон Улсын Түрэг Академи хамтран 2019, 2022 онд Архангай аймгийн Хашаат сумын Номгоны хөндийд эртний Түрэгийн үеийн тахилын онгон цогцолборт археологийн хайгуул, малтлага судалгааг хийсэн юм. «Номгон-2» тахилын онгон цогцолборт хийсэн малтлагын явцад Түрэгийн хожуу хаант улсыг сэргээн тохинуулагч Кутлук хаанд зориулсан дурсгал болох нь тодорхой болсон. Кутлук «Элтэрис» хаан нь алдарт Билгэ хаан, Күлтегин жанжины эцэг юм. Малтлагаар хүн чулуун хөшөөний малгайтай толгойн болон доод хэсэг, хүн чулууны хоёр толгойн хугархай, хоёр чулуун хонь, хоёр гүентэй чулуун арслан, дээврийн ваар, нүүр ваар, тоосго, дундаа нүхтэй тахилын шоо чулуу зэрэг эд өлгийн зүйлийг илрүүлсэн юм. Мөн зэл чулуунаас «эшир» (ашина) аймгийн янгир тамга олдсон. Нүүдлчдийн түүхэнд тэр тусмаа Түрэг судлалын хувьд бичээстэй гэрэлт хөшөө шинээр олдож байгаа нь онцгой шинэ нээлт болж байна. Археологийн малтлагын явцад гэрэлт хөшөөний дээд хэсэгт нь хос чоно, бадамлянхуа цэцгийн дүрс сийлсэн бөгөөд эртний Түрэг, Согд, Брахми бичгээр сийлсэн хос хэлний бичээс бүхий гэрэлт хөшөө анх удаа олдож байгаа юм. «Кутлук каган» гэсэн бичээс нь эртний Түрэг, Согд бичгийн хэсэгт хос хэлээр тод бичигджээ.
Кутлуг хааны тахилын онгон цогцолбор, гэрэлт хөшөө
Түлхүүр үгс: Кутлук каган, Елтерис каган, эртний Түрэг бичиг, Согд бичиг, Брахми бичиг, гэрэлт хөшөө, эртний түрэгийн тахилын онгон цогцолбор, чулуун арслан, чулуун хонь, шоо чулуу, дээврийн нүүр ваар, тоосго
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KARAMAN, Ahmet. "Budun or bodun otherwise bodan?" RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, July 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146574.
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Turks have a lively creation that has migrated to many parts of the world. The Turkish language, by taking its share from these migrations to different parts of the world, affected and was influenced by the languages in the migrated regions in terms of vocabulary and structure. In the historical process, some words have fallen into archaic status and left their place to other words, both for linguistic reasons and by the effect of languages in interaction. One of these words is the word budun / bodun / bodan, the oldest testimony of which is found in the inscriptions using the old Turkic script (runic / runiform) from the 8th century, and includes the meaning of ‘folk’. Although the meaning of the word ‘people’ is fixed, there are differences of opinion on the form of formation, the suffix it contains and how it should be read. In this study, it will be tried to clarify the obscure and controversial aspects of the word budun / bodun / bodan. From a methodological point of view, the structure of the word will be analyzed through the meaning it represents. In order to achieve this, there will be plenty of sample testimonies from the word sea of Old Turkic. In addition, the words related to the concept of ‘folk’, which are seen in the vocabulary of Old Turkic, will be emphasized in order to be seen the meaning world of the word more clearly. Then, with the guidance of semantic images, the structural explanations of the word will be passed. Afterwards, suggestions will be made on the phonological and phonetic status of the word, taking into account the characteristics of the alphabets in which the word is written. In the study, the development paths of the related word in the historical process will be followed diachronically. In addition to all these, which words were used to meet the meaning of ‘folk’ in Old Turkic will also be discussed simultaneously.
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AKDOĞAN, Rukiye. "FROM ANATOLIAN WORD HATTİCE TABARNA TO İL-TEBER IN ANCIENT TURKIC PEOPLES." Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, July 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1124289.
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In the cuneiform texts from Kayseri-Kültepe, is seen that Hattian t/labarna, an Anatolian word, has been used with special names since the 1800 BC. Later, in the Old Hittite Age, the name Labarna / Tabarna continued as the tradition of naming the king (Labarna I, Hattušili I (= Labarna II)). labarna-/tabarna- as the title of the Hittite kings, was used to mean king, ruler. It is clear that the first syllable of t/labarna, which we think is derived from the Sumerian word TAB (double, double, double, two-part), has a double, dual meaning. The title Tabarna/Labarna was used only for the "great king of the Hatti country", and the emblem used for the Hittite kingdom is the ax, which is also the symbol of power. During the KI.LAM (market place) festival, it sometimes appears that the iron ax and the iron spear, as the symbol of the kingdom, are mentioned with the king as the symbol of the kingdom. Thus, it becomes evident that the ax and spear refer to "symbols of the kingdom". In the region extending as far as Southern Europe, the Middle East and India, two axes or double axes with a single handle appear as the known weapon and symbol of the powers. In ancient times, it seems that the labrys (double-mouthed axe) was used in religious ceremonies or presented to the gods as a votive stuff. Among the old Turkish titles before Islam, the title of İl-teber (administrator of the province / ruler of the province) appeared in the inscriptions as the title of the Uyghur and Karluk chiefs. All these are very important in terms of indicating the historical journey of the Hattic t/labarna "ruler title" from the Hittites to İl-teber in the ancient Turkic Peoples.