Academic literature on the topic 'Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain"
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Leigh, Victoria, and Sarah MacLean. "Silent deaths: a commentary on new mortality data relating to volatile substance abuse in Great Britain." Drugs and Alcohol Today 19, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-08-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on new information from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on deaths caused by volatile substance abuse (VSA) in Great Britain which occurred between 2001 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach Comparing the new study with previous mortality data, the authors consider the strengths and some limitations of the analysis provided by ONS. Findings By utilising a broader range of codes and collating additional information from death certificates, the new report provides a more comprehensive measure of VSA mortality than was previously available, showing increasing prevalence of deaths. The age profile of people dying is older than in previous studies. Most deaths were associated with inhalation of gases and almost three-quarters of deaths involved volatile substances alone. Practical implications Understanding VSA mortality is essential for service planning. It is important that we identify why so many people whose deaths are associated with VSA are not accessing treatment, with particular concern about treatment access for those who only use volatiles. Training to support drug and alcohol and other health service staff to respond to VSA is essential. In future reports, data to identify socioeconomic correlations of VSA deaths would enable targeted responses. Additionally, information on whether deaths occur in long term rather than episodic or one-off users could enable risk reduction education. Originality/value This paper shows how data on VSA deaths may inform for policy and service planning.
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Victor, Christina R., and Ann Bowling. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Loneliness Among Older People in Great Britain." Journal of Psychology 146, no. 3 (May 2012): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.609572.
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Sin, Chih, Nina Mguni, Chloe Cook, Natasha Comber, and Annie Hedges. "Targeted violence, harassment and abuse against people with learning disabilities in Great Britain." Tizard Learning Disability Review 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5042/tldr.2010.0026.
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Olszowski, Patrick, and Anna Boaden. "Targeted violence, harassment and abuse against people with learning disabilities in Great Britain." Tizard Learning Disability Review 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5042/tldr.2010.0027.
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Patel, Avanish Bhai, and Anindya J. Mishra. "An empirical study of elder abuse in the state of Uttar Pradesh of India." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 19, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-08-2017-0033.
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Purpose Elder abuse is the matter of grave concern in recent times in India. Today, older people are facing the abusive behaviour such as maltreatment, mental and physical torture and heedless ignominy from the family and the society. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of elder abuse in Indian socio-cultural context and also focuses on the causes of elder abuse and abusers. Design/methodology/approach Mixed method design has been applied in this paper. The study has been conducted from October 2012-January 2013 on a sample of 220 older people living in both rural and urban areas of Lucknow, India. The data have been analysed through descriptive and narrative analysis. Findings The study finds that the emotional abuse is more common among the older people, which raises the feeling of insecurity, depression and isolation. The study also points out that the respect, honour, status and authority which were enjoyed by the elderly in the traditional society, have gradually started declining. Moreover, the study finds that the family members, do not provide proper food, clothing and medical facilities in rural areas. Research limitations/implications Since the sample of older respondents was small and focused on those living in a particular area of one state, the authors cannot generalise from this study to include the great diversity of experience and difference in perceptions among the older people even within a particular state. However, widespread and diverse types of accounts of elder abuse were reported even in these settings, which can help indicate areas for future research and policies. Originality/value This is an original paper, which is based on the experiences of older people living in rural-urban areas and discussed the elder abuse in socio-cultural context.
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DENNIS, MICHAEL, SARAH BAILLON, TRAOLACH BRUGHA, JAMES LINDESAY, ROBERT STEWART, and HOWARD MELTZER. "The spectrum of suicidal ideation in Great Britain: comparisons across a 16–74 years age range." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000013.
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Background. Previous studies have examined suicidal ideation in older populations and emphasized the strong association with the presence of psychiatric disorder. However, associations with the presence of psychiatric disorder across the age range are unclear. Representative epidemiological estimates are needed.Method. In a national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain, 8580 randomly selected adults were interviewed. Three questions were asked to assess suicidal ideation, and psychiatric disorder was identified using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).Results. Suicidal ideation was up to three times commoner in younger adults than in those aged 55–74 years but the odds of depression in those with suicidal thoughts was significantly greater in the older age group (p<0·01). Tiredness with life (p<0·01) and thoughts of death (p<0·01) were also more strongly associated with depression in the older age group. Other major associations of suicidal ideation for all ages were: smaller social support group, being divorced or separated, poor self-rated general health, and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). Being single was an important factor for younger age groups, and widowhood for older people. Life events were also important in younger people, but not in those aged 55–74 years.Conclusions. Suicidal thoughts and death wishes are comparatively more unusual in older people; however, they are more likely to be associated with clinical depression. In terms of suicide prevention this study emphasizes the importance of improving rates of recognition and treatment of depression in older people.
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GLASER, KAREN, MIKE MURPHY, and EMILY GRUNDY. "Limiting Long-Term Illness and Household Structure among People Aged 45 and over, Great Britain 1991." Ageing and Society 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x96006277.
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The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between health and household composition among older people. The 1 per cent and 2 per cent SARs (Samples of Anonymised Records) drawn from 1991 British Census data were used to examine the frequency of a limiting long-term illness among older people according to different types of living arrangements. These data include the population in institutions and our results show that previous studies based only on the private household population have underestimated the prevalence of illness among older people. Long-term illness rates vary across family and household types, with higher frequencies found for those individuals not living in families (either alone or with others) or in lone parent families, compared with those living as part of a couple. Importantly, our results show a previously unreported clustering of long-term illness in households. Those over 45 suffering from a limiting long-term illness were more likely than those without such an illness, to live in households including others with long-term illness. These results indicate that health should be considered from a household, rather than just an individual, perspective. Our findings support those who have argued that families including an older ill member need more help from formal services. However, it is unlikely that this can be achieved solely by redeploying services from those living alone as long-term illness rates were also high in this group.
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Rybachok, O. A. "June 15 — World Elder Abuse Awareness Day." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2207-08.
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On December 19, 2011, the UN General Assembly decided to celebrate June 15 as the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day. This decision was made in order to promote a caring and respectful attitude towards people of advanced age. Quite often, older people need outside help, because they frequently have to deal with difficult living conditions alone, may be subject to age discrimination in employment, or become victims of swindlers and simply unscrupulous people. For elderly people, not only the fact of physical assistance and the provision of conditions for normal life is extremely important, but also the attention to their inner world, the manifestation of spiritual care, and interest in activities and hobbies are of great importance. An interesting fact is that the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is celebrated two weeks after Children's Day — everyone knows that the elderly, like children, need attention and outside help more than others.
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Sheiham, A., J. G. Steele, W. Marcenes, S. Finch, and A. W. G. Walls. "The relationship between oral health status and Body Mass Index among older people: a national survey of older people in Great Britain." British Dental Journal 192, no. 12 (June 2002): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801461.
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Rowe, Jed. "The management of falls in older people: from research to practice." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 10, no. 4 (November 2000): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259800010492.
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Falls are common in late life. Evidence from New Zealand, the United States and Great Britain suggest that about a third of people aged over 65 will fall each year, a proportion that rises to about half for the community-dwelling population older than 85 years. Falls are the leading cause of death from injury in older people. Although many falls do not cause serious injury, nor precipitate referral to the health services for 30–50% of fallers, those that do have major consequences. From a purely financial perspective, acute care of those with falls is estimated to cost $10 billion per annum in the United States.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain"
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Breeze, Elizabeth. "Health inequalities among older people in Great Britain." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646506/.
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This thesis aims to describe health inequalities among older people in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and to assess whether various personal circumstances and experiences contribute towards this variation. Three sources of data are used: the Longitudinal Study; the first Whitehall cohort of male civil servants; and baseline quality of life information from the MRC Trial of the Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community (MRC Study). Housing tenure, car availability, and employment grade are the main socioeconomic measures used, but also social class and income. Findings: People disadvantaged in mid-life socioeconomic circumstances continue to experience increased risks of mortality, insitutionalisation, poor self-reported health and functioning 20-30 years later. Smoking and cardio-respiratory factors in middle age partially accounted for the differentials found in the Whitehall Study. The MRC Study revealed worse prospects for five dimensions of health-related quality of life among people in rented homes compared to owner-occupied ones, even among those who were deemed independent. Symptoms of ill health, and health behaviours accounted for over 40% of the housing tenure differentials in quality of life among these independent people. Being in a deprived or densely-populated area was not as strong a discriminator of quality of life as personal housing-tenure. Finally, people whose socioeconomic circumstances become worse in late middle age have greater risks of poor health outcomes than those who stay advantaged. The findings on benefits of improvements in socioeconomic circumstances are more mixed and complicated by ill health leading to apparent upward socioeconomic mobility. Conclusions: The three studies provide evidence of both long-term implications of socioeconomic position in mid-life and continuing relevance of socioeconomic position in old age. Although personal factors and health symptoms contribute to health inequalities in old age they are also seen as a possible product of socioeconomic position.
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Tilley, Sara. "Ageing and mobility in Britain : past trends, present patterns and future implications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4471.
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Over the next decade the ‘Baby Boomer' cohort will increasingly contribute to the proportion of those aged 60 and over in Britain. The issue of how the mobility of older people has changed for different cohort groups has not been considered in a historical context. Ryder (1965) argued that cohort groups could be important in determining behaviour as have other social structural factors, such as socioeconomic status. This thesis merges the disciplines of transport geography and population studies using a novel approach of cohort analysis, which has not been used widely for studying mobility trends. Using National Travel Survey data from 1995-2008, the mobility trends of older people in Britain are explored by creating pseudo cohorts. Pseudo cohorts are artificially created datasets which are constructed from using repeated cross-sectional data (McIntosh, 2005, Uren, 2006). This technique can differentiate ‘age', ‘period' and ‘cohort' effects in mobility trends. Age effects are differences in behaviour between age groups i.e. changes in mobility associated with age itself. Period effects relate to changes in behaviour in all age groups over a period of time. Cohort effects are those associated with behaviour common to particular groups born around the same time (Glenn, 2005, Yang, 2007). The influence of the Scottish concessionary travel policy on the mobility of older people at the aggregate level is also considered using Scottish Household Survey data from 1999-2008. This policy is very blunt and based on assumptions about older age. As cohorts differ, these assumptions may no longer hold and therefore the policy may not be effective. This thesis argues, using a longitudinal demographic perspective, that structural effects shape mobility of cohorts differently over time. The findings reveal although mobility amongst older people is rising in general, there would actually be declining mobility were it not for the Boomer cohort. Amongst younger cohorts mobility is lower. The analysis also shows that women travel further than men, a fundamental break with the past, specific to this generation. This thesis illustrates the importance of cohort membership in explaining mobility change.
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Carter, Holly R. "The Effects of Age, Sex, and Class Stratification and the Use of Health Care Services among Older Adults in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2256/.
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As the population ages, providing health services for the growing number of older people will become an increasingly difficult problem. In countries where the health services are provided by the government, these problems are involved with complicated issues of finance and ethics. This is the case of the National Health Service, the government institution providing health care for the citizens of the United Kingdom. Knowing what social factors influence health care usage can be a link to match usage and funding. Literature has shown that health care utilization can be predicted by social factors, as well as the medical model, and from this orientation social variables were drawn from the 1994 General Household Survey. Social factors were analyzed to determine relationships that exist between certain types of health care use and these factors. Age, sex, and class, the three main factors shown in literature to affect usage, were then analyzed to determine if services are allocated on the basis of these factors or the basis of need from illness and disability. Results of the study show that of the predisposing variables, age, sex, and class, are associated with most types of health care use. From the enabling variables, both source of income and visits from friends and relatives are associated with most types of health care. Of the illness determinants, disability, limiting illness, restricted activity days and eyesight difficulty were all related to health care use. When intervening control variables were introduced, the intervening control variables of difficulty with activities of daily living and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living had an explanatory effect on the use of home help, district nursing, consultations with a general practitioner at home, consultations with a general practitioner at a surgery or health clinic, and inpatient stays. These services were offered more according to need than the factors of age, sex, and class.
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McCormack, Brendan. "An exploration of the theoretical framework underpinning the autonomy of older people in hospital and its relationship to professional nursing practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670229.
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Rait, Greta. "The adaptation and performance of screening instruments for depression and cognitive impairment for use with older African-Caribbean and South Asian populations in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673820.
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Garabedian, Claire Elizabeth. "'I'd rather have music!' : the effects of live and recorded music for people with dementia living in care homes, and their carers." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21757.
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The objectives of this thesis were to explore the effects of receptive individualised live and recorded-music on interactions within participating dyads consisting of a person with dementia who was in their final phase of life (resident), and a person with whom he or she shared a close connection (carer), as well as on each individual participant. A 'Receptive' music intervention is one where participants are not required to do anything but listen. METHODS The conceptual frameworks of realist evaluation, ethnography, symbolic interactionism, and dramaturgical actionism influenced the design of this study. There were two phases: during phase-1, fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 'key-consultants', who were specialists in topics related to this thesis, to inform the design of 'phase-2'. During 'phase-2', musical interventions were conducted at five non-NHS care homes in Scotland over a period of nine-months. Each intervention consisted of either individualised live-music (3 sessions) or the same or similar music pre-recorded (three sessions); all music was played by the researcher on the solo cello. Interventions took place in residents' private bedrooms, and lasted between fifteen and seventy-minutes. The order of live and recorded-music interventions was switched for approximately half the dyads. Each intervention was video-recorded for later observation. Semi-structured interviews and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were administered with each participating carer before and after the conclusion of their series of interventions, to compare their expectations with their actual experiences and to better understand their experience. Whenever possible, key-staff and managers were also interviewed to learn what their perceptions of this study had been: its effects on them and on participants. ANALYSIS required repeated visits to the raw data: beginning with thickly-describing all video-footage; then thematically coding all thick-descriptions and transcribed audio-interviews; and lastly revisiting all video-footage via a self-modified version of an evaluative observation instrument; 'Person Interaction Environment Care Experience in Dementia' (PIECE-dem). FINDINGS support prior research regarding the beneficial effects of individualised receptive music on listeners who have dementia. This study suggests that both live and recorded-music promote wellbeing, and enhance dyad interaction in the moment of listening. These findings demonstrate the potential for receptive music to create an embodied sense of 'haven' for people with dementia who are nearing the end of life and for those sharing the experience with them: by capturing and holding their attention, and transporting them either back in time, or entirely out of time into a state of 'flow', or into an 'intense musical experience'.
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Barber, N. D., David P. Alldred, D. K. Raynor, R. Dickinson, S. Garfield, B. Jesson, R. Lim, et al. "Care homes' use of medicines study: prevalence, causes and potential harm of medication errors in care homes for older people." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9036.
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INTRODUCTION: Care home residents are at particular risk from medication errors, and our objective was to determine the prevalence and potential harm of prescribing, monitoring, dispensing and administration errors in UK care homes, and to identify their causes. METHODS: A prospective study of a random sample of residents within a purposive sample of homes in three areas. Errors were identified by patient interview, note review, observation of practice and examination of dispensed items. Causes were understood by observation and from theoretically framed interviews with home staff, doctors and pharmacists. Potential harm from errors was assessed by expert judgement. RESULTS: The 256 residents recruited in 55 homes were taking a mean of 8.0 medicines. One hundred and seventy-eight (69.5%) of residents had one or more errors. The mean number per resident was 1.9 errors. The mean potential harm from prescribing, monitoring, administration and dispensing errors was 2.6, 3.7, 2.1 and 2.0 (0 = no harm, 10 = death), respectively. Contributing factors from the 89 interviews included doctors who were not accessible, did not know the residents and lacked information in homes when prescribing; home staff's high workload, lack of medicines training and drug round interruptions; lack of team work among home, practice and pharmacy; inefficient ordering systems; inaccurate medicine records and prevalence of verbal communication; and difficult to fill (and check) medication administration systems. CONCLUSIONS: That two thirds of residents were exposed to one or more medication errors is of concern. The will to improve exists, but there is a lack of overall responsibility. Action is required from all concerned.
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Silvester, K. M., Mohammed A. Mohammed, P. Harriman, A. Girolami, and T. W. Downes. "Timely care for frail older people referred to hospital improves efficiency and reduces mortality without the need for extra resources." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9937.
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NoHospitals are under pressure to reduce waiting times and costs. One strategy that may be effective focuses on optimising the flow of emergency patients. We undertook a patient flow analysis of older emergency patients to identify and address delays in ensuring timely care, without additional resources. Prospective systems redesign study over 2 years. The Geriatric Medicine Directorate in an acute hospital (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) with 1920 beds. Older patients admitted as emergencies. Diagnostic patient flow analysis followed by a series of Plan Do Study Act cycles to test and implement changes by a multidisciplinary team using time series run charts. 60% of patients aged 75+ years arrived in the Emergency Department during office hours, but two-thirds of the admissions to GM wards were outside office hours highlighting a major delay. Three changes were undertaken to address this, Discharge to Assess, Seven Day Working and the establishment of a Frailty Unit. Average bed occupancy fell by 20.4 beds (95% confidence interval (CI) -39.6 to -1.2, P = 0.037) for similar demand. The risk of hospital mortality also fell by 2.25% (before 11.4% (95% CI 10.4-12.4%), after 9.15% (95% CI 7.6-10.7%) which equates to a number needed to treat of 45 and a 19.7% reduction in relative risk of mortality. The risk of re-admission remained unchanged. Redesigning the system of care for older emergency patients led to reductions in bed occupancy and mortality without affecting re-admission rates or requiring additional resources.
Books on the topic "Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain"
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Jacki, Pritchard, ed. Elder abuse work: Best practice in Britain and Canada. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1999.
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1947-, Carlton Nancy, ed. The harassment and abuse of older people in the private rented sector. Bristol: Policy Press, 2003.
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Gerry, Bennett. Elder abuse: Concepts, theories and interventions. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.
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Banning, Maggi. Medication Management in Care of Older People. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.
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1955-, Stanley Nicky, Penhale Bridget, and Manthorpe Jill 1955-, eds. Institutional abuse: Perspectives across the life course. New York: Routledge, 1999.
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Jil, Matheson, Summerfield Carol, Hill Catherine 1971-, and Great Britain. Office for National Statistics., eds. Social focus on older people. London: Stationery Office, 1999.
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Hayden, Carol. Making a difference: Better Government for Older People evaluation report. Coventry: Local Government Centre, University of Warwick, 2000.
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Office, National Audit. Ensuring the effective discharge of older patients from NHS acute hospitals. London: Stationery Office, 2003.
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Great Britain. Comptroller and Auditor General. Welfare to work: Tackling the barriers to the employment of older people : report. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain"
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Vos, Klaas de. "Income Mobility of the Elderly in Great Britain and the Netherlands: A Comparative Investigation." In Well-being of Older People in Ageing Societies, 237–95. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315234182-8.
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Kane, Rosalie A. "Case management and assessment of the elderly." In Improving the Health of Older People: a World View, 398–416. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192617927.003.0024.
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Abstract Over the past two decades, case management has been increasingly recognized in the United States as a way to co-ordinate services on behalf of that subgroup of elderly people with functional impairments and multiple needs.Sometimes known by other names such as care coordination or resource coordination. some form of case management has been implemented or considered in Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Israel, and many other countries in Europe and even Asia.
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Winger, Gail, James H. Woods, and Frederick G. Hofmann. "Tobacco and Nicotine." In A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 17–34. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172782.003.0002.
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Abstract The tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum is native to America. In his first voyage in 1492, Christopher Columbus found the Arawaks of the West Indies smoking crude cigars of tobacco leaf. These people had probably learned about the cultivation and use of tobacco from the Mayans, who inhaled the smoke of burning, dried tobacco leaves over 2000 years ago. The purpose of smoking tobacco may have been primarily medicinal for Native Americans, and for that reason the seeds of the tobacco were taken or sent to Europe for cultivation. Nicotine and the plant genus are named for Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds to France in 1556. Sir Walter Raleigh was in part responsible for the popularity of tobacco smoking in Great Britain in the sixteenth century. James I, however, presciently condemned the practice as dirty and unhealthy and prohibited tobacco production in Britain during his reign (1566-1625).
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Thane, Pat. "The ‘Menace’ of an Ageing Population, the 1920s to 1950s." In Old Age, 333–54. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198203827.003.0018.
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Abstract The British birth-rate started to fall from the later nineteenth century. One outcome was a change in the age structure of the population and the beginning of a dramatic long-run increase in the proportion of older people. Old people became more numerous, in absolute and relative terms, over the twentieth century. Decline in the birth-rate was not accompanied by rising mortality among older age groups, indeed rather the reverse, hence British society was ‘older’ in the inter-war years than it had been since the mid-eighteenth century. The percentage of the population of Great Britain composed of males over 65 and females over 60 was 6.2 in 1901, 9.6 in 1931, 12 in 1941, 13.5 in 1951, and the rise continued thereafter. Also the labour force was ageing. The percentage of the 15 to 65 age group (the bulk of people of working age) who were over age 40, had been 35 in the mid-nineteenth century and was 45 in 1947. Britain was undergoing a decisive shift from a predominantly youthful age structure in the mid-nineteenth century to a predominantly older one. The fact of this shift and the realization that its economic and social implications were likely to be profound were gradually recognized and discussed.
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Berry, Stephen R. "The Social Context." In The Oxford Handbook of Early Evangelicalism, 9—C1.P98. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190863319.013.2.
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Abstract Evangelicalism emerged in the social context of the first British Empire that connected Great Britain with its American and Caribbean colonies. Neither solely the product of a North American context or the extension of a European one, evangelicalism developed amid transatlantic social and cultural commerce. While Restoration policies diminished older forms of religious dissent, the subsequent Glorious Revolution firmly cemented Protestantism in England and created space for new Protestant alternatives. In terms of the broader political context, evangelicalism arose during the Second Hundred Years War (1689–1815) that repeatedly pitted Protestant Britain against Catholic France and fomented the pan-Protestant solidarity that energized evangelical thought and action. These cycles of warfare greatly expanded Britain’s naval and commercial shipping, which created the mechanism for people, goods, and ideas to traverse the Atlantic more regularly. This free circulation of people and ideas through migration and communication networks brought together the German Pietist, Scottish Presbyterian, New England Puritan, and Anglican Methodist strains, which contributed to the birth of a distinct new Protestant movement. Britain’s shipping power also forcibly transported millions of Africans to its colonies in the eighteenth century, making slavery an inextricable part of the social order and adding a population that would make further contributions to evangelicalism. Britain’s expanded shipping and commercial networks in the context of religiously charged warfare created a social context in which the people and ideas of early evangelicalism could emerge simultaneously on both sides of the North Atlantic.
Conference papers on the topic "Older people – Abuse of – Great Britain"
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Sjölinder, Marie, Olov Ståhl, Elisabeth Rydwik, and Simon Torikka. "Design of an mHealth application for optimizing preoperative physical function." In 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004083.
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Limited physical reserve capacity in older people might be a risk factor for further functional decline and complications after surgery (Griffiths et al., 2014). A shift in cancer care in Sweden toward standardized and enhanced care processes, has led to that time between diagnosis and surgery has been shortened. Therefore, it has become important to focus on the effects of a short exercise program with high intensity and frequency. Recent qualitative studies have shown that patients with cancer need personalized support to perform preoperative exercises and that they prefer to do it at home or close to home (Beck et al., 2020). It is also important with a design that is tailored to the patient's needs, and goal setting, performance feedback, self-monitoring and reminders are all known facilitators for motivation and adherence to physical activity interventions (Michie et al., 2011).Development of the application: In a previous study, physiotherapists visited patients in their homes and supported them in conduction physical exercises during their preoperative phase. In the next step we developed a digital application consisting of, among other things, exercises, support and motivational features.The detailed features of the application were defined together with users during a co-creation process in workshops. Two workshops were conducted together with five patients. During the first workshop the participants discussed experiences from the previous intervention, factors they deemed relevant for adhering to the protocol and motivational aspects. During the second workshop the participants gave input on features and functionalities. One workshop was held together with five physiotherapists. In these workshops, experiences with the previous intervention, support needed for the patients and functionalities and interface for remote support were discussed. Further meetings and workshops were also conducted iteratively during the development phase.Content and interaction with the application: The specific aim of the application is to support the creation and tailoring of exercise programs with high intensity and frequency. The application consists of two parts, one used by the physiotherapists and one used by the patients. Physiotherapists are able to create individual exercise programs by selecting exercises from an exercise library, and then choosing settings for the exercises (e.g., numbers of sets and repetitions) based on a patient's needs and abilities. New types of exercises can be created by the physiotherapist and added to the library. The application allows the physiotherapist to monitor the patient's progress (based on data reported by the patient) and the exercise program can be adjusted if needed. The application also provides support for conveying a sense of presence and encouragement to the patient by allowing physiotherapist to write comments and to give the patient ”likes” on reported exercises, which will then be visible in the patient's part.The patient part of the application allows patients to see which exercises they are supposed to do each day, and to report to which extent the exercises have been completed. During reporting, the application will ask the patient to input data about how and when the exercise was performed (e.g., number of sets and reps, time of day, etc), and how the patient experienced the effort. All reported data are automatically gathered in a training diary section of the application, giving the patient access to the whole training history for later inspection. Any comments or likes sent by the physiotherapist also appears in the diary. The application includes different features for supporting and increasing the motivation to conduct the exercises. For example, rewards in the form of medals are given based on how well the patient follows the exercise program. Also, information about why this kind of training is important for improving the recovery after the surgery is provided in a theory section, to further strengthen the motivation to follow the exercise program. In the workshops patients had expressed the importance of this kind of information since it will be a reminder of how they can contribute to the best outcome as possible.ReferencesGriffiths R et al. Peri-operative care of the elderly 2014 Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia 2014;69:81-98. Beck A et al. Investigating the experiences, thoughts, and feelings underlying and influencing prehabilitation among cancer patients: a qualitative perspective on the what, when, where, who, and why. Disabil Rehabil. 2020 May 13:1-8.Michie S et al. A refined taxonomy of behaviour change techniques to help people change their physical activity and healthy eating behaviours: the CALO-RE taxonomy. Psychol Health 2011;26:1479-98.