Academic literature on the topic 'Older people – Malawi – Social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Older people – Malawi – Social conditions"
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Beswick, AD, R. Gooberman-Hill, A. Smith, V. Wylde, and S. Ebrahim. "Maintaining independence in older people." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 20, no. 2 (April 7, 2010): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259810000079.
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SummaryAppropriate social and medical interventions may help maintain independence in older people. Determinants of functional decline, disability and reduced independence are recognized and specific interventions target the treatment of clinical conditions, multiple health problems and geriatric conditions, prevention of falls and fractures, and maintenance of physical and cognitive function and social engagement.Preventive strategies to identify and treat diverse unmet needs of older people have been researched extensively. We reviewed systematically recent randomized controlled trials evaluating these ‘complex’ interventions and incorporated the findings of 21 studies into an established meta-analysis that included 108,838 people in 110 trials. There was an overall benefit of complex interventions in helping older people to live at home, explained by reduced nursing home admissions rather than death rates. Hospital admissions and falls were also reduced in intervention groups. Benefits were largely restricted to earlier studies, perhaps reflecting general improvements in health and social care for older people. The wealth of high-quality trial evidence endorses the value of preventive strategies to help maintain independence in older people.
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Kemalova, Lilya, and Marina Nikonorova. "Elderly people as object of social work." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411023.
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The article accentuates the relevance of social work with elderly as one of the unprotected categories of people. It was noted that after termination of active work older people need assistance in the period of adaptation to new conditions as their lifestyle changes, their social connections are lost, they have feeling of loneliness and lack of being relevant. The basic directions, forms and methods of social work with older people are considered in this article.
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Miranti, Riyana, and Peng Yu. "Why Social Exclusion Persists among Older People in Australia." Social Inclusion 3, no. 4 (July 24, 2015): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.214.
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The existing literature on social exclusion among older people, though relatively limited, suggests that disadvantage among older people is cumulative in nature. Some aspects of disadvantage starting at early life stages have long-term consequences. As such, older people with disadvantages may be subject to higher risks of persistent social exclusion. This article aims to improve understanding of social exclusion and its persistence among senior Australians in three ways. Firstly, the incidence of social exclusion among older people is analysed using selected indicators. Secondly, the study examines whether an older person experiencing social exclusion at one time is more likely to experience it again (persistence). Thirdly, it investigates what factors may be protecting older people from social exclusion. The analysis is conducted using the first eight waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The sample of older people is disaggregated into a younger group (55–64 years at wave 1) and an older group (65+ years). The article suggests that higher education and income, as well as better health conditions and previous employment experiences, are important protective factors from social exclusion for older Australians.
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Akimova, O., and E. Andriyanova. "Health and social care for the elderly in the conditions of transformation of social reality." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2001-09.
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The article highlights the problems of providing medical and social assistance to elderly people in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Factors that affect the specifics of receiving medical and social assistance are: the crisis of confidence in the modern system of values, problems of medical examination of the population, low quality of life for people older than working age.
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Kiselev, Joern, Anika Steinert, Wencke Schindler, Marten Haesner, and Ursula Mueller-Werdan. "Intensive multidisciplinary home rehabilitation for older people with severe conditions." International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 5 (October 17, 2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3484.
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Beech, Roger, Bie Nio Ong, Sue Jones, and Vicky Edwards. "Delivering person-centred holistic care for older people." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 18, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-05-2016-0019.
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Purpose This paper is an evaluated case study of the Wellbeing Coordinator (WBC) service in Cheshire, UK. WBCs are non-clinical members of the GP surgery or hospital team who offer advice and support to help people with long-term conditions and unmet social needs remain independent at home. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method design assessed the outcomes of care for recipients and carers using interviews, diaries and validated wellbeing measures. Service utilization data, interviews and observations of WBC consultations enabled investigation of changes in processes of care. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, established instrument scoring systems and accepted social science conventions. Findings The WBC complements medical approaches to supporting people with complex health and social care problems, with support for carers often a key service component. Users reported improvements in their wellbeing, access to social networks, and maintenance of social identity and valued activities. Health and social care professionals recognized the value of the service. Practical implications The WBC concept relieves the burden on health and social care professionals as the social elements of ill-health are addressed. A shift in thinking from ill-health to wellbeing means older people feel more able to regain control over their own lives, being less dependent on consulting professionals. Originality/value The WBC is a new service focussing on the individual in their health, social and economic context. Process and outcomes evaluations are rare in this field.
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Harris, Ruth, Roz Ullman, and Peter Griffiths. "Self-assessment of health and social care needs by older people." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 16, no. 4 (November 2006): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259807002262.
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The involvement of service users as active participants is a stated aim of many current developments within health and social care, and self-assessment has been identified as a key mechanism. For over 15 years, the UK Department of Health has referred to the importance of the service user's views in assessment, and this has been re-emphasized recently in guidance issued to both local authorities social services and the NHS. The concept of the expert patient and the promotion of self-care amongst people with long-term conditions are also highlighted as central to current NHS development. Although not specified as such, self-assessment is an important component of these person-centred initiatives which encourage self-diagnosis, self-monitoring and self-management.
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Meara, Jolyon, and Peter Hobson. "The nosology of involuntary movements in older people." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 12, no. 3 (August 2002): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259802012315.
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Involuntary movements become increasingly common with age and often lead to considerable disability, handicap and social embarrassment. Many causes of involuntary movements can be readily treated once the correct diagnosis is established. Getting the diagnosis right in older people is often challenging even for specialists. Even the identification of conditions thought easy to classify in younger people, such as Parkinson's disease, can be very difficult in older adults. This burden of movement disorder in older people reflects the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative and vascular disease with age as well as the growing exposure to medication and the natural history of conditions such as essential tremor, which tend to worsen with age and precipitate medical presentation later in life. A complex and poorly understood relationship exists between motor control, disorders of mood and cognitive function. In older subjects involuntary movements are often associated with gait abnormalities and poor mobility and falls may be the presenting feature.
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OH, KYEUNG MI, and ANTHONY M. WARNES. "Care services for frail older people in South Korea." Ageing and Society 21, no. 6 (November 2001): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008479.
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This paper examines the changed social circumstances of older people in South Korea and specifically the increased need for formal health and social services for those who are frail and have no informal carers. The article begins with a summary account of the country's exceptionally rapid demographic, economic and social transformations, which demonstrates a widening gap between the population's expectations and needs, and health and social service provision. It then examines the recently initiated and now burgeoning welfare programmes, with particular attention to health and social services for sick and frail older people. Most extant care services are accessed mainly by two minorities: the very poor and the rich. The dominant policy influence of physicians and a history of conflict between traditional and western medicine probably underlies the low current priority for ‘care’ as opposed to ‘cure’, as also for the management of chronic conditions and rehabilitation. Neither long-term care services nor personal social services are well developed. There is a marked disparity between the acute services, which are predominantly provided by private sector organisations in a highly competitive market and broadly achieve high standards, and public primary care and rudimentary residential services. The latter are weakly regulated and there are many instances of low standards of care.
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Raymond, Émilie, and Mélanie Lantagne Lopez. "Participation of People With Impairments in Seniors’ Organizations: Conditions and Limitations on Inclusion." Gerontologist 60, no. 6 (April 25, 2020): 1126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa011.
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Abstract Background and Objectives While older adults’ social participation has attracted sustained attention, the realities faced by seniors with impairments in this area are still understudied. Social representations are formed from socially constructed opinions regarding a given object and have four functions (knowledge, identity, orientation, justification). The purpose of this article is to document the social representations that exist within seniors’ organizations regarding participation by older people with impairments. Research Design and Methods In this mixed-methods study, an exploratory sequential design was applied. First, a qualitative phase involved meetings with five focus groups to explore how participants would manage difficult situations in which the inclusion of an older person with impairments must be addressed. Second, a quantitative phase consisted of a questionnaire administered to 86 respondents to examine the components of social representations about the participation of older people with impairments. Results Results show that, although research participants acknowledge that all seniors have the right to participate, this right confronts a collective identity infused with aging model that demands a youthful, “un-disabled” appearance and activities. In terms of the orientation function, making participation a reality is seen as relying on the efforts of people with impairments, but when there is a failure of inclusiveness, the reasons offered to justify it concern the resources available, rather than possible prejudices. Discussion and Implications Interpretation of the results leads to recommendations for both implementing an inclusion philosophy and practices in seniors’ organizations and revisiting the view of impairment in old age as otherness.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Older people – Malawi – Social conditions"
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Freeman, Emily. "Older adults' experiences of ageing, sex and HIV infection in rural Malawi." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/544/.
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This thesis contributes to understanding two demographically important phenomena: African ageing, and the ageing of the African HIV epidemic. Building on the body of interpretivist demography that privileges context and meanings, it explores older adults’ experiences of becoming old, sexuality and living with HIV in rural Malawi. The research uses a constructivist grounded theory framework. It is based primarily on data produced using repeat dependent interviews (N=135) with older men and women(N=43). These are supplemented by fieldwork observations, as well as data from a three-month multi-site pilot study, interviews with HIV support groups (N=3), and key informant interviews (N=19) and policy documents. The thesis identified sets of meanings surrounding old age and ways of discussing ageing that, taken together, formed an analytical framework. The framework is focused on the importance of maintaining an ‘adult’ identity and draws insights from sociological and psychological identity theories. The adult identity was aligned with personhood. It was situated within the body-centred livelihood system of rural Malawi, and associated with physical production. Old age was understood to limit productivity and thereby an individual’s adult identity. This thesis argues that ostensibly contradictory narratives about ageing experiences can be understood as rhetorical strategies respondents employed to maintain their adult identities. A central tenet of the thesis is that the adult identity (and its childlike counter identity) influenced older adults’ broader experiences and behaviours. This framework is used to explore ageing, as well as sex and HIV infection. The grounded understandings of older adults’ experiences developed in the thesis are presented against dominant understandings of the situation of older adults documented by the academe and in policy and programmatic arena emerging in Malawi. The findings highlight the centrality of wider experiences of ageing for older adults’ experiences of sex and HIV, as well as the broader importance of identity for understanding demographic behaviours and processes. In addition, they demonstrate how grounded theory and repeat dependent interviewing can be used within demographic studies to produce nuanced analytical accounts of the experiences that are most salient for the population of interest.
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Postle, Karen Margaret. "Care managers' responses to working under conditions of postmodernity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310558.
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Baird, Jennifer. "Poverty and wellbeing among older people in Nairobi slum settlements." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368190/.
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Levels of poverty and wellbeing among older people in poor, urban settings in Africa have been under-researched, yet absolute numbers of older people are set to increase in this continent in the coming decades. The urban experience of wellbeing for older people is relatively unknown as research tends to focus on older people residing in rural places. This study addresses this research gap and investigates patterns of poverty and wellbeing among older people in two slum settlements in Nairobi. The study uses data collected by the African Population and Health Research Centre. Livelihood information for households in a demographic surveillance system operating in two Nairobi slums is combined with data from a survey on the social, health and overall wellbeing of older people. Absolute expenditure poverty and expenditure quintiles are calculated to build a money-metric poverty profile of the older people. Sensitivity analyses of the poverty estimates are also calculated to explore different assumptions of equivalence scales. A multidimensional conceptual framework then measures how older people’s wellbeing varies across a range of different dimensions. Two-thirds (66%) of older people in the two slum settlements are living in absolute material poverty. Within the slums there are also significant differences in absolute poverty among older people. Wellbeing is found to vary greatly within dimensions and across them; overall, there are disadvantages for women and the oldest old in terms of poverty and wellbeing. Formal support mechanisms are limited with few older people receiving a pension. Conversely, informal reciprocal familial support patterns are strong with many older people giving support to other members of their family. Levels of absolute poverty are high, suggesting that policies should be targeted here to reduce poverty. The different dimensions of wellbeing also indicate that non-monetary policy interventions should be considered.
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Sham, Ka-hung Joe, and 岑家雄. "The effect of group residence on the psycho-social well-being of elderly residents in public subsidized housing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978356.
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Muruviwa, Addmore Tapfuma. "Livelihood strategies of the aged people in Mubaira Community, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/334.
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In today‘s changing demographic, economic, political and environmental context the livelihood strategies developed by the rapidly growing older population deserve particular attention. Lack of support by the state coupled with economic crises and decreasing family availability has meant that older people are increasingly expected to find their own means of support into old age, develop their own strategies and rely on their own resources. Heterogeneity in old age means that while some older people are amongst the most vulnerable and socially down and out, others have accumulated resources that enable them to implement diverse and enterprising livelihood strategies to maintain their wellbeing in old age. This study uses an explorative approach in its quest to understand the various livelihood strategies of the elderly. In-depth interviews and life histories have been utilized as data collection instruments. In addition to this inductive and qualitative research approach, the dissertation uses the sustainable livelihoods framework to examine the different kinds of livelihood strategies employed by the elderly in Mubaira to stave off poverty in old age in the absence of social security systems. A comparative analysis with other regional countries reveals that old age pensions have been able to reduce poverty at old age significantly. By engaging in different livelihood activities, in the absence of old age pensions, the elderly in Mubaira community in Zimbabwe have been able to make a living. Agriculture is the dominant activity the aged people engage in as they try to avert food insecurity. Besides agriculture, aged people diversify their livelihoods through self employments that add income value to their households. The impact of cash and non-cash remittances has seen aged people being able to buy basic goods and a few essentials. Although the state has been dysfunctional, civil society has stepped in to address the livelihood challenges faced by the aged population and in v particular to provide an alternative solution to the needs of the elderly people within the sustainable livelihoods framework which remains one of the most important models for the analysis of rural livelihoods. Through the livelihoods approach‘s vulnerability approach the study also analyses the various impacts affecting the attainment of sustainable livelihood outcomes. Through the utilization of the livelihoods framework in addition to the qualitative research methodology as indicated above, the study found that livelihood activities of the aged require a stock of capital assets which include natural, human, physical, social and financial capital. The life histories of the aged in Mubaira revealed that through the years the aged did accumulate various assets that assist them even now. As the life course perspective suggests events in earlier life do have a bearing on later life, access to a range of capital assets helped old aged people in Mubaira to fully engage in livelihood strategies that ensured their survival and escape from poverty.
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Chan, Yin-sang, and 陳寅生. "Elderly planning in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574134.
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Statham, Joyce. "A day at a time : a study of unsupported family carers of older people." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3484/.
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Informal carers provide the majority of care for older people living in the community. The provision of care can be very stressful and is said to have an adverse affect on caregivers’ health. Policy has recognised the need to support carers and a key objective has been to improve service provision for them. Research has shown that service intervention can prevent the breakdown of care and admission to long term care. However, relatively few carers and older people use formal services. While the low uptake of support services is documented, it is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of informal carers of older people who received no support services. It focused particularly on the question: why when caregiving is portrayed as being stressful, do carers continue without support from formal service providers? Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of unsupported carers of older people, who were interviewed three times over a period of two years. For this longitudinal study a predominantly qualitative approach underpinned by the principles of grounded theory was chosen with a quantitative component included in the second stage. The study used a range of methods including focus groups, interviews and self-completion questionnaires. The main source of data was individual in-depth interviews, while self-completion questionnaires and literature provided secondary and tertiary sources of data. Data were analysed according to the principles of grounded theory. The study found that carers were motivated by a strong sense of duty and a desire to maintain their independence and control over their lives and the caregiving situation. They regarded formal services as authoritarian and intrusive. Acceptance of support was associated with feelings of failure and a potential loss of control.
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Chow, Kit Ling Lina. "Residential care for frail and marginalised older people in Hong Kong 1990-2006 : targeting and efficiency?" Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48992/.
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Rapid growth in the number and proportion of older people in Hong Kong is shown to have taken place since the late nineties. The substantial increase in the number of older people (particularly the old-olds) and their declining ability levels accelerated the need for long-term care, including residential care. This has exerted heavy financial pressure on the government. Subsequently a new policy - the ‘Standardised Care Need Assessment Mechanism’ (SCNAM) - for elderly services was introduced in November 2000; giving rise to both intended and unintended consequences. In this cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the populations of two older peoples residential homes, the focus is on evaluating the outcome of the policy (SCNAM), which intended to target care on older people ‘in greatest need’. It explores how the profile of residents in long-term care has changed since this policy implementation. Specifically, the dependency characteristics of residents (including their physical health, functional status, cognitive levels, and degree of frailty) in two care homes of the Helping Hand charity in Hong Kong between 1990 and 2006 are compared. Moreover, the study explores whether the changed populations in these homes suggest greater efficiency and effectiveness in the allocation of residential care. It examines impacts on the costs of care, particularly relating to staffing and funding across a 16-year interval. Furthermore, the outcomes of residential care are assessed in terms of the quality of interaction between staff and residents, and participation in various kinds of social activities within the home. Efficiency is judged not by cost per person alone, but by the ratios of costs to outcomes. Findings in the study show that the quality of publicly-funded residential care in Hong Kong fell over the period, and this evidence puts any suggestion of greater efficiency in doubt. Most importantly, the quality of life of residents has been adversely affected and this is an ‘unintended consequence’ that needs to be taken into account by the policy-makers. Throughout its recent history Hong Kong has adopted a residual model of welfare, in which the government’s paramount focus has been on economic development. This is clearly reflected in the provision and financing of long-term residential care homes as operated under ‘a mixed economy of welfare’ system, in which the government only assumes a role as a funder. Other crucial issues such as the quality of care by front-line personal care staff as well as the quality of life of residents are largely outside of its policy concerns. Current evidence shows that better targeting and lower unit costs have been achieved in the two Care Homes of the Helping Hand, but at the expense of the effectiveness of care. The policy shift has produced new winners and losers. A focus on controlling the costs of public support for older people amounts to what Titmuss (1968, p.133) called a price that some pay ‘for the costs of other people’s progress’.
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Simmons, Daniela. "Social Participation and Depression Among Elderly People in Greece." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848194/.
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The researcher had two objectives: first, explore how social involvement changes by age among Greek elderly, and second, examine the relationship between social involvement and depression by age among study participants, controlled for education, marital status, and gender. The researcher used data from the 2004 Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database subjecting a sample of 2,898 elderly aged 50 or older to analysis in terms of the study questions. Approximately 43% of the participants (n = 1,244) were males and 57% were females (n = 1,654).
Study results showed Greek elderly participated more in religious activities and less in non-religious activities with increasing age. The study results showed the level of education did not have an effect on the level of religious or non-religious participation. Marital status could influence Greeks’ tendency to participate in religious activities, however, it did not have an effect on non-religious participation. Women are more likely to participate in religious activities than the men. The gender of the participants did not have an effect on non-religious participation. Older Greek elderly were more likely to be depressed than the younger elderly. Participation in religious activities was not shown to relate to decreasing the risk of depressive symptoms; while participation in non-religious activities increased it. Further elaboration showed that caring for family increased the risk of depressive symptoms. Participation in other non-religious activities did not show significant relationships to depressive symptoms.
The study findings imply those caring for others are in need of social and mental health support services; and the quality of available social activities need significant improvement.
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Fleming, Brian James. "The social gradient in health : trends in C20th ideas, Australian Health Policy 1970-1998, and a health equity policy evaluation of Australian aged care planning /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf5971.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Older people – Malawi – Social conditions"
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Lebenslagen und Freizeit im Alter: Eine vergleichende Studie zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Süd-Korea. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.
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Magalhães, Dirceu Nogueira. A invenção social da velhice. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: D. Nogueira Magalhães, 1987.
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Magalhães, Dirceu Nogueira. A invenção social da velhice. [Rio de Janeiro?]: Editora Papagaio, 1989.
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Jackson, Gerald O. Profiles of older Americans 2010. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Burholt, Vanessa. The material resources and well-being of older people. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2006.
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Social Support und Kompetenzerwartung im Alter: Eine Kausanalyse. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.
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Ireland. Office for Social Inclusion. A social portrait of older people in Ireland. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2007.
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C, Powell F. Social conditions of Nebraska's elderly, 1994: A research report. Omaha, Neb: Dept. of Gerontology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1994.
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Xu, Jing. Chinese urban poor older people's life: An agentic approach. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Older people – Malawi – Social conditions"
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Eklund, Patrik. "The Logic and Ontology of Assessment of Conditions in Older People." In Human-Centric Decision-Making Models for Social Sciences, 391–400. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39307-5_16.
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Kucharczyk, Maciej. "Social Exclusion in Older-Age and the European Pillar of Social Rights." In International Perspectives on Aging, 421–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_33.
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AbstractThe European Pillar of Social Rights is about delivering new and more effective rights for Europeans. It builds upon 20 key principles, structured around three categories: equal opportunities and access to the labour market; fair working conditions; and social protection and inclusion. Directly relevant to older people, the Pillar has the potential to address the multidimensionality of exclusion in later life from a rights-based perspective – for example, by enhancing the rights to quality and affordable health and long-term care, to adequate pensions to live in dignity, to age-friendly working conditions and an inclusive labour market, or to access goods and services. Despite these valuable elements, there remains significant uncertainly around how the Pillar will achieve this and what kind of implemental actions might emerge across member states. This chapter analyses the potential of the European Pillar to address social exclusion of older people in Europe, the challenges that might impede its efforts, and the measures necessary to overcome such challenges.
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Dietz, Andreas. "The Surgical Approach to Elderly Patients with HNSCC." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 111–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_8.
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AbstractDespite the fact that elderly people are the main incidental and continuously growing patient group with head and neck cancer, prospective trials focusing on special issues regarding head and neck surgery in elderlies are missing. To avoid complications during and after surgery in that patient category, comprehensive evaluation of functional status, comorbidities, performance status, social support and mental condition is mandatory. Regarding functional parameters, cardiac and respiratory conditions play a major role for any primary surgical procedure. Nevertheless, other comorbidities, medication and patients view on self-determination have carefully to be taken into consideration. It has repeatedly been shown that fit elderly individuals may benefit from intensive therapies like reconstructive surgery with microvascular free tissue transfer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the locoregionally advanced disease setting, and even from the standard first- and second-line palliative systemic therapies. Since it is well known that tolerance of systemic nonsurgical treatments in elderly people is less and therefore death from noncancer-related causes in that population is higher, moderate surgical procedures can be even more effective regarding quality of life in situations facing higher comorbidities, or functional constraints with limited life expectancy compared to nonsurgical standard approaches. Older people usually are at increased risk of postoperative complications. In particular, organ failure progresses much faster in multiple organ failure. The preoperative clarification of comorbidity for the avoidance of surgical complications is therefore of major importance. Close coordination with anesthesia and rapid postoperative mobilization are essential for this. Decision-making and treatment based on specific assessment in an experienced multidisciplinary team is key.
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Skrapek, Candace, and Elliot Paus Jenssen. "Suburban community vignette." In Aging People, Aging Places, 109–14. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352563.003.0009.
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This chapter highlights Saskatoon, the largest city in the province of Saskatchewan that is nestled on the meandering South Saskatchewan River and is considered to have many natural features that make it an attractive place to call home. The chapter describes warm, long summer days, green, clean spaces, and a variety of social and cultural events that contribute to active living, social engagement, and community participation. It also talks about the safe and friendly neighbourhoods of Saskatoon that offers a variety of housing options, excellent educational opportunities, public and accessible transit services, accessible buildings and services, and a range of health and community services. The chapter elaborates that winter poses challenges for all residents, especially older adults who face safety issues related to icy and cold conditions that result in reduced opportunities for social connectedness. It looks at the 2016 Canadian Census that lists the population of 295,095 residents, of which 10.9 percent are indigenous people.
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Bell, Ruth, and Michael Marmot. "Life course approach to understanding inequalities in health in later life." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 69–76. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0010.
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A long and healthy life is universally valued. The starkest inequalities in later life are how many years of life remain at an older age such as 65 years, and how many years of life that remain free from disabilities that impede physical, cognitive, and social functioning to the extent that they limit the sense of valuing one’s life. In this chapter we apply the frame of social determinants of health, using the life course approach to understand inequalities in health in later life. Healthy ageing is patterned by degrees of social advantage. Biological ageing, as revealed by physical and cognitive changes, is slower in people in better socioeconomic circumstances. These inequalities in health in later life need to be understood in terms of current social, economic, environmental conditions of living, as well as previous experiences and living conditions across the life course that affect the biological processes of ageing.
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Wang, Szu-Yao (Zoe). "Assistive Technologies as Aids to Family Caregivers in Taiwan." In Intelligent Technologies for Bridging the Grey Digital Divide, 295–304. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-825-8.ch019.
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The social structure in Taiwan has changed dramatically in the last twenty years. An increasing population of people aged over 65, a decreasing birth rate and rising numbers of women entering the workforce have led to the need for more aged care services. Research has demonstrated that nursing home placement of older adults in need of advanced care is the most cost effective option for family caregivers. However, filial piety, which entails looking after older parents at home, is one of the core tenets of Chinese society. Placing older parents into nursing homes can lead to conflicts that are detrimental to adult children psychologically. Moreover, the burden of caregiving does not necessarily end for the family once they have placed their parent(s) into nursing homes. It can continue to evoke deep emotional responses in some former family caregivers. This chapter draws on findings from two case studies to illustrate the dilemmas facing Taiwanese families who must cope with changing social conditions and customary filial expectations. The use of assistive technologies as solutions to these dilemmas is outlined. These technologies are argued to be a cost effective way to assist adult caregivers, their charges, and staff in nursing homes. Their use may apply to other Asian countries with similar cultural beliefs and values.
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Almeida, Osvaldo P. "Preserving mental health and well-being." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 1289–96. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0167.
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Well-being is a state characterized by contentment with one’s emotional, physical, and social circumstances that is undermined by the presence of depression, dementia, and frailty. Numerous potentially modifiable risk factors have been associated with these common conditions of later life, and there is growing evidence that multidomain interventions that target them in a systematic fashion hold potential to reduce the incidence and prevalence of frailty, dementia, and depression in older age. Some of the potential targets for interventions include physical inactivity, suboptimal education or cognitive activity, smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high plasma homocysteine, low vitamin D, and testosterone. These interventions are still in their infancy, but preliminary data offer hope that an increasing number of people will be able to enjoy good health and well-being in their later years.
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Forte, Viviana, and Giovanni Gambassi. "Prognostication and recognition of dying." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 1191–202. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0155.
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Prognosis is the science of evaluating what is like to happen in term of health outcomes (recovery, death, disability) related to a patient’s condition (cancer, chronic disease, accident). Estimating the likelihood of a life-threatening illness becomes crucial, especially among older people. It allows us to balance the benefits and burdens of diagnostic tests and treatments, to plan with the patient and family by their values, and to take care of physical, psychological, and social suffering when the disease is incurable. Validated prognostication tools are available for cancer, chronic conditions, and advanced dementia to help decision-making in the terminal phase of illness. Recognition of dying and care during the last days/hours of life should be a core competency of every physician. When a patient is actively dying, common signs tend to be present and if symptoms are not well controlled, the dying process may be prolonged and the patient may suffer unnecessarily.
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Thrall, Grant Ian. "Housing and Residential Communities." In Business Geography and New Real Estate Market Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076363.003.0009.
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Housing occupies about 70 percent of the land area of a typical city. That land area is not randomly distributed, but instead follows regular spatial patterns; these patterns are sectorial and radial (see Hoyt 1939; chapter 2). These geographic patterns form housing submarkets. Specific demographic groups are attracted to housing in those submarkets. As there are many kinds of demographic characteristics of households, there are also many types of housing, and many housing submarkets. Housing submarkets include downtowns, middle-burbs, suburbs; high income; middle income, and low income; new development, mixed use, older development, and mixed new infill with older development; apartments, condominiums; townhouses, high rises, and single-family dwellings. The market analyst makes recommendations on which type of development will be most successful in which submarket and on which submarket would be appropriate for a particular type of development (see Sumichrast and Seldin 1977). Few people today choose to live without the benefit of some type of housing. The choice and availability of what type of housing to live in depends on a complex interaction of many factors, including culture, the natural and built environment, technological scale of society, government, income, stage of life cycle, economics of building construction, and knowledge and imagination of those building the housing. This chapter presents a broad overview of housing market analysis. In the overview, the determinants to demand and supply of housing are presented (See also Harvey, 1992). There is a broad overview of forecasting procedures and methodologies, the methods for projecting absorption rate, housing demand, and competitive supply, and how sales prices and rental prices might be determined. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, upper-middle-income urban households in the United States and Canada often lived in what are today commonly referred to as Victorian houses. These houses were designed for multigenerational living, including grandparents as the head of household, their children, and their grandchildren. Aunts, uncles, and cousins might have lived in the same dwelling. All the family subunits contributed to the finances of maintaining the house. This provided social security to the elder members of the household, and inexpensive yet high-quality living conditions for the other family members.
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Rao, Vani. "Traumatic Brain Injury." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0011.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability in the United States, with an incidence of about 1.5 million cases per year (National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel, 1999). It is associated with both neurologic and psychiatric consequences. Although the neurologic problems usually stabilize with time, the psychiatric disorders often continue to remit and relapse. Factors associated with the development of psychiatric disorders include older age, arteriosclerosis, and chronic alcoholism, all of which interfere with the reparative process within the central nervous system. Other contributors to psychiatric disability include a pre-TBI history of psychiatric illness, illicit drug abuse, and lack of social support. Because post-TBI psychiatric disturbances interfere with rehabilitation and cause emotional and financial burden for patients and caregivers, early diagnosis and treatment are important. Post-TBI psychiatric disturbances are best classified according to their clinical presentation. These disturbances are discussed below and their pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies are recommended. The mood disturbances most commonly associated with TBI are major depression, mania, anxiety, and apathy. Major depression is seen in about 25% of people with TBI. Symptoms of major depression include persistent sadness; guilt; feelings of worthlessness; hopelessness; suicidal thoughts; anhedonia; and changes in patterns of sleep, appetite, and energy. Sometimes these symptoms may be associated with psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations. It is important to remember that changes in sleep, appetite, or energy are not specific to the syndrome of major depression and may be due to the brain injury itself, or to the noise, stimulation, or deconditioning associated with hospitalization. If due to the latter conditions, gradual improvement occurs with time in most patients. Sadness in excess of the severity of injury and poor participation in rehabilitation are strong indicators of the presence of major depression. The presence of poor social functioning pre-TBI and left dorsolateral frontal and/or left basal ganglia lesion have been associated with an increased probability of developing major depression following brain injury ( Jorge et al., 1993a; Jorge et al., 2004). Major depression should be differentiated from demoralization, primary apathy syndrome, and pathologic crying.
Conference papers on the topic "Older people – Malawi – Social conditions"
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Vidová, Jarmila. "LIFESTYLE AND WAYS OF LIVING OF SENIOR HOUSEHOLDS." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.279.
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Growing the proportion of older people requires adapting services and products to their needs and preferences, which will support and extend their full life. While once people aged 55 and over considered themselves old, most of them now live an active life. Over the past decade, the proportion of those who are fully employed has changed and their stereotypes and behaviour have increased, thus changing the quality of life demands. With the gradual aging of the population, the problem of dealing with the housing of older people begins to grow. Housing is one of the key factors in the fight against social exclusion. Housing promotes coherence between communities, enabling sustainable development goals to be achieved. Each state uses its own housing policy, based on social policy and historical conditions, to solve housing-related problems. In the paper we will discuss the possibilities of life in retirement age.
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Bu, Jiatian, and Yifan Yu. "Spatial behaviour and healthy aging. A GPS-ased study of the older residents in Shanghai." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/obav2578.
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The spatial behavior of elderlies is essentially the result of interactions between people and the environment. In order to explore a demand-responsive spatial intervention through new types of data from the perspective of urban planning, this study attempts to identify the differentiated trip features within the aged group, and proceed to gain a further understanding of their daily trip pattern, trip chain, and daytime activity sequence . 76 older residents from a typical public housing neighborhood in Shanghai were asked to carry an Android Phone for 102 consecutive days. By collecting and analyzing the trajectory data, we found that even in a highly consistent social and physical environment, there are still significant differences among the elderlies’ daily activities, mainly existing in the age and gender aspects. The research indicates that elderlies’ daily trip patterns are related to the starting point, effective interval, travel time, and the physical conditions of the individuals.
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Pereira, Elaine Valias Sodré, Carolina Pessoni Garcia, and Maria José D’Elboux. "CASP-19 AND THE HEALTH AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF OLDER ADULTS PARTICIPATING IN FIBRA 80+." In XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Zeppelini Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2447-21232021res06.
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INTRODUCTION: Assessing quality of life in older adults is relevant due to the significant increase in this population. Based on Maslow’s need hierarchy model, CASP-19 is a broad measure of quality of life that focuses on positive aspects of older adults’ lives, regardless of health conditions or other factors. OBJECTIVE: To compare sociodemographic and health variables with quality of life according to CASP-19 scores. METHODOLOGY: Using data from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People (FIBRA 80+) follow-up study, this study included 233 adults aged ≥ 80 years who resided near the University of Campinas (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Sociodemographic variables (gender, age, and perceived social support), health variables (perceived health status and depressive symptoms) and quality of life were evaluated. RESULTS: The participants were predominantly women (69.09%) with a mean age of 83.46 ± 3.7 years. A total of 77.25% rated their health as fair or good, and 79% showed no signs of depression. The mean CASP-19 score was 41.8 ± 2.62 points, which corresponds to better well-being (total scores range from 0 to 57). Among the instrument’s domains, autonomy and pleasure obtained the highest mean scores (11.15 and 11.64 respectively). When comparing these variables with quality of life, social support (p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p <0.001), and perceived health status (p <0.001) were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults who were satisfied with their social support, presented no depressive symptoms, and who rated their health as good or very good had higher overall quality of life scores.
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Hoványi, Gábor, Róbert Tésits, and B. Levente Alpek. "An in-depth survey of the factors causing dissatisfaction within the group of elderly workers in South Transdanubia." In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.13.
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The currently still active age group (aged 50–64) faces a number of difficulties with the approaching retirement age, as their ability to work and adapt quickly to changing situations are constantly losing their effectiveness. With this, of course, we do not claim that an older worker will carry out his or her work less effectively than a younger worker, as the experience gained in a particular job can balance out the performance differences stemming from age. However, as we approach the retirement age, losing your job at an older age would pose serious challenges for those who would want to return to the group of economically active workers. It is unlikely that they will find a job that matches their qualifications, as their knowledge is less up-to-date and employers would prefer young people who could be relied on in the longer term, as opposed to those who need to be replaced within a few years. These potential difficulties are revealed by the widely distributed questionnaire, which seeks to identify the motivations and preparedness of different social strata for the changing challenges of a precarious age, based on the current economic situation and living conditions of the workers. Results: Through the questionnaire survey, we were able to gain insight into how aging workers are preparing for their approaching retirement years and what steps they can take to preserve their current labour market position, as well as what opportunities they might have for returning to the labour market after losing their jobs as a result of possible redundancies. Conclusion: Due to the aging national age structure, the situation of the aging workers is becoming an increasingly widespread problem, which, if we are not able to remedy in time, then will have to count on the degradation of the employability for the examined group in the near future. This will be mainly due to the constantly deteriorating health status of the individuals and the overwhelmed health care system that needs to provide for all age groups.