Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oleoresins'
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McAninch, Ian M. "Evaluation of randomly oriented carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in plant oil resins." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 241 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1625774501&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAli, Ahmed. "Repellent, antifeedant & molluscicidal effects of Commiphora spp. oleoresins, and their extracts, on Deroceras reticulatum and Helix aspersa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54558/.
Full textRigby, Tracey. "Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the separation and detection of resin acids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/MQ64439.pdf.
Full textBaldeón-Apaestegui, Silvana-Vanessa. "Estudio de pre-factibilidad para la instalación de una planta piloto procesadora de oleorresina a partir de ají páprika para la exportación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/4268.
Full textIn this paper, has detailed the process of implementing a processing pilot oleoresin plant from paprika peppers for export, which should be taken into account engineering project, in his case, the production process oleoresin dye by the soxhlet extractor, which was used in the laboratory for extraction, considered the most important stage of the whole process and bottleneck.
Trabajo de investigación
Dogenski, Mirelle. "Extração do óleo essencial e oleoresina das folhas de Corymbia citriodora utilizando CO2 em condições sub e supercríticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-17122013-141819/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate the Corymbia citriodora essential oil (EO) composition produced by the main Brazilian distilleries; Meneghetti and Três Barras moreover evaluate the yield, composition and biological activity of (EO) and oleoresin (OR) obtained from leaves by using supercritical fluids technology. The effects of operational conditions, pressure (P) and temperature (T), on chemical composition and yield were studied. The cut leaves showed moisture content of 7,33±1,1 and 8,66±0,5% to FMG and FTB samples, respectively. The extractions using CO2 in sub and supercritical conditions were performed in two steps. In the first step the EO was obtained. After, the operational conditions were readjusted to make the OR extraction. The P and T values were determined using a complete factorial experimental design (CFED). It was used two experimental designs, one for each step. The volatile profile of all EO, obtained by steam distillation (AV), hydrodistillation (HD) and SFE were determined using a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC/MS) equipment. The experiments that provide the higher yields in EO without pigments coextraction (100 bar e 60ºC, FTB=1,59% e FMG= 1,56%) and OR (220 bar e 70ºC, FTB=1,59% e FMG= 1,56%) had their antioxidant activity determined by DPPH test and β-carotene bleaching assay. The OR was also evaluated for its content of total flavonoids and total phenolics by two different methods, Prussian Blue and Folin-Ciocalteu. In the FTB sample, SFE, to the sample FTB was observed the positive influence of P on essential oil yield (p<0,05), whereas to FMG the variables P and T or its interaction do not have significantly influence in this response. The citronellal concentration (CC) had a positive influence of P to FTB sample and P x T interaction to FMG sample. To FTB, at 100 bar and 60ºC, the EO yield was similar from that obtained by HD (1,59% e 1,6±0,15%, respectively). However the citronelal concentration was higher than ( 87,6%) that obtained by the convencional method (79,5%). At the same conditions, to the FMG sample at the same conditions, the yields were 1,53 e 1,16±0,15% and the citrionelal concentration were 71,8% e 57,9% to the EO obtained by SFE and HD, respectively. OE obtained by AV from FTB and FMG showed citronellal concentrations of 79,8 e 76,6%, respectively. In this EO were identified a variety of compounds with biological activity; it was verified variations in both quantity and the quality of the compounds in each sample. The ORs obtained from FTB and FMG showed a high antioxidant capacity in both, β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH test, with inhibition of 81,6±3,0 e 81,7±1,6% and EC50 of 18,04±0,6 e 12,6±0,4 mg/mL, respectively. Reducing capacity of OR compounds was higher in Prussian Blue method (FTB= 15,7±1,6 e FMG= 12,9±0,5 mg EAG/100g of leaves) in relation to Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FTB=74,2±4,0 e FMG= 84,8±2,4, em mg EC/100g de folhas). Total flavonoids (FTB=26,7±3,9 e FMG=20,4±0,9, em mg EC/100g of leaves) were higher than the value of phenolic compounds obtained in Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, probably because the extract was tested crude. The results obtained suggest that by using the SFE it is possible to obtain an EO with a high citronellal concentration. OR also showed a high antioxidant capacity. The SFE technique also improve the raw material utilization by the sequencial and selective extraction of EO and OR, in relation of conventional methods.
Lemos, Ana Lúcia da Silva Corrêa. "Obtenção e avaliação de oleoresina de paprica." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255298.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Frutos maduros de pimentões (Capsicum annuum L.) das variedades NORA e MAGDA foram submetidos à secagem em diferentes temperaturas para obtenção de páprica. O potencial do produto seco (páprica) para obtenção de oleoresina de páprica foi avaliado através de diferentes métodos específicos para determinação de qualidade, todos visando determinar a intensidade de coloração da páprica em pó. Neste estudo foi utilizada este estudo uma páprica em flocos comercial, da variedade MAJORCA III, cuja coloração foi avaliada pelos mesmos métodos utilizados para as demais variedades. Foram estudados diferentes processos de extração de oleoresina de páprica, bem como diferentes solventes e métodos de limpeza, sempre visando maximizar a intensidade de coloração do produto obtido. Ainda foi estudada a eficiência do processo de extração com agitação a quente, a influência do teor de sementes na páprica em pó, além do tempo de extração e proporção páprica em pó: solvente. As oleoresinas foram submetidas à cromatografia em camada delgada e à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para avaliação qualitativa das mesmas, através de comparação com uma oleoresina comercial. Foi avaliada a estabilidade da oleoresina de páprica ao calor, ao oxigênio, à luz e ao pH, tendo sido determinada a cinética de degradação da intensidade de coloração de oleoresina extraída com hexano e com o sistema de solventes hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico (3:2:1), bem como de uma oleoresina comercial. A variedade MAJORCA III mostrou-se a mais adequada para obtenção de oleoresina, embora a variedade NORA tenha apresentado alta intensidade de coloração, podendo, também, ser utilizada na obtenção de oleoresina de páprica para uso como corante em alimentos. A secagem em estufa com circulação de ar pode ser realizada a 70°C para a desidratação dos frutos da variedade NORA. O hexano pode ser utilizado para extração de oleoresina para uso como corante de alimentos. Porém, o sistema hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico (3:2:1) permitiu um aumento do rendimento massa X cor da ordem de 10%, levando à obtenção de oleoresina com até 200.000 CV a partir de uma matéria-prima com cerca de 260ASTA. O processo de extração que se apresentou como o mais eficiente foi aquele em que o solvente entrou em contato com a matéria-prima a 45°C, com extração por agitação, na proporção páprica: solvente de 1:4 e renovação do solvente após duas horas de contato. A limpeza da oleoresina bruta mostrou-se adequada quando realizada através das lavagens do extrato parcialmente dessolventizado com uma solução 10% de NaCl a 45°C. Até 40% de sementes podem ser adicionadas à páprica para extração de oleoresina. Em relação à estabilidade ao calor, o aquecimento durante 180 min em temperaturas inferiores a 100°C, não provocou alteração na intensidade de coloração das oleoresinas. Até 60 minutos de aquecimento a 100°C não ocasionou redução da intensidade de coloração da oleoresina comercial e da extraída com hexano. A oleoresina extraída com hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico (3:2:1) apresentou redução de intensidade de coloração de 11 % aos 60 minutos de aquecimento nesta temperatura. A cinética de degradação da intensidade de coloração das oleoresinas a 125°C foi de primeira ordem, sendo a estabilidade da oleoresina extraída, com hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico inferior à das demais. O pH não provocou alteração na intensidade de coloração das oleoresinas. A luz foi considerada o principal agente da redução de intensidade de coloração das oleoresinas, sendo a cinética de degradação da coloração de ordem zero. A oleoresina extraída com hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico foi a menos estável, principalmente na presença de ar e luz. No escuro, em presença de ar, ficou evidente o período de indução e a oleoresina extraída com hexano/acetona/álcool isopropílico (3:2:1) apresentou velocidade de degradação de coloração 1,8 vezes superior à das demais, embora na ausência de ar ela tenha se mostrado a mais estável
Abstract: Ripe pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) of the varieties NORA and MAGDA were dried at different temperatures in order to obtain the corresponding paprikas. In order to evaluate the potencial of these varieties to obtain paprika oleoresin, the colour of the dried product was determined by different specific methods. A commercial paprika of the variety MAJORCA III was also evaluated, using the same methods as used for the NORA and MAGDA varieties. Different processes for the extraction and cleaning of paprika oleoresin, as well as the use of different solvents were studied, aiming at maximizing the colour intensity of the products. The influence of the amount of seed added, the ratio paprika powder: solvent and the extraction time were studied, in order to determine the process efficiency for the shaking process at 45°C. The oleoresins obtained were analysed by thin layer chromatograpy and high performance liquid chromatography. The stability of paprika oleoresin to heat, oxygen, light and pH was studied as well as the kinetics of colour degradation for the oleoresins extracted by hexane and the mixture hexane/acetone/isopropyl alcohol (3:2:1). The results were compared to those obtained with a commercial oleoresin. The variety MAJORCA III was the most suitable for paprika oleoresin extraction, although the variety NORA showed higher colour intensity, what makes it a potential variety for oleoresin extraction. In hot air fçow drying temperatures from 60 to 70°C showed to be appropriated. Hexane can be used for paprika oleoresin extraction although the system hexane/acetone/isopropyl (3:2:1) showed higher yields. The most efficient extraction process was the one carried out at 45°C, paprika: solvent ratio 1:4, changing the solvent after two hours extraction. The use of a 10% NaCl solution was effective for the clean up of the extract. Up to 40% seeds can be added to the powder for the oleoresin extraction. Heating the oleoresins at temperatures bellow 100ºC showed minor changes in colour intensity during 180 minutes. At 100ºC, the commercial and the hexane extracted oleoresins showed colour degradation only after 60 minutes heating, while the oleoresin extracted with hexane/acetone/isopropyl alcohol showed lower stability at this temperature, since its colour degradation started after 30 minutes of heating. The colour degradation at 125ºC follows a first order kinetics for all oleoresins studied. Among the oleoresins evaluated, the least stable one was that extracted with hexane/acetone/isopropyl alcohol (3:2:1). The pH doesn't seem to affect the colour degradation of the paprika oleoresins. Light showed a strong degradative effect on colour retention in the oleoresins and a zero order kinetics was observed in the presence or absence of air. The oleoresin extracted with hexane/acetone/isopropyl alcohol (3:2:1) was the least stable, especially in the presence of air. In darkness and in the presence of air, an induction period became evident; the oleoresin extracted with hexane/acetone/isopropyl alcohol (3:2:1) showed its colour degradation constant to be 1,8 folds higher than the others, while in the absence of air and light , it was the most stable.
Doutorado
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Jochmann, Anne. "Extração supercrítica de oleoresina de calêndula (Calendula officinalis) /." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78462.
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Processos que empregam fluidos supercríticos como solventes têm sido considerados uma tecnologia confiável e se tornado constante objeto de estudos científicos.
Nunes, Fabiola Maia Nobre. "Sintese de ent-Ambrox e de derivados odoriferos de ambergris e estudo sobre a sintese do ent-Eperuol." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249820.
Full textDissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Martins, Maria Celia. "Obtenção e avaliação de curcumina a partir de rizomas secos de curcuma (Curcuma longa L.)." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255297.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Nesse trabalho foi obtido um corante natural - curcumina, de coloração amarela, a partir de rizomas de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.). O corante foi obtido na forma de oleoresina de cúrcuma e na forma de cristais. de curcumina. A estabilidade do pigmento nas duas formas foi. estudada em função dos efeitos do calor (50°C a 125°C), pH (2,4 a 7,7) e luz (1200 lux), bem como a combinação de alguns desses fatores. A oleoresina de cúrcuma foi extraída com diversos solventes que tiveram seu poder de extração avaliados.Utilizando acetona como solvente de extração procurou-se estabelecer parâmetros ótimos na obtenção da oleoresina. A curcumina purificada foi obtida por métodos de purificação que consistiram de extrações sucessivas com sol ventes de diferentes polaridades, cristalização por precipitação ácida-alcalina e cristalização em baixa temperatura. O teor médio de curcumina na cúrcuma em pó foi 5,4%, com 9,6% de umidade. Acetona foi o solvente de extração de oleoresina de cúrcuma mais apropriado, na proporção cúrcuma em pó:solvente de 1:6 e extração a temperatura de refluxo por 90 minutos, fornecendo recuperação de curcumina de 89,7%. Cristalização de curcumina em etanol a -8°C forneceu cristais de curcumina com 84,3% de pureza; com rendimento, em relação à cúrcuma em pó, de 2,15%. O efeito da temperatura, pH e luz sobre a estabilidade da curcumina foi estudado pela variação da absorbância com o tempo. A partir dessa variação, quantificaram-se as perdas de curcumina e determinaram-se os valores de velocidade da reação e o tempo de meia vida em cada sistema. A luz foi o agente mais destrutivo, seguido de pH; a temperatura foi o agente menos efetivo na perda de cor
Abstract: An investigation was undertaken to obtain the natural colorant - curcumin, of yellow colour, from rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). The colorant was obtained as turmeric oleoresin and crystals of curcumin. The stability of turmeric oleoresin and curcumin was studied in function of the effects of temperature (50°C to 125°C), pH (2,4 to 7,7) and light (1200 lux), just like the act of combination from some of these factors. The turmeric oleoresin was extracted with different kind of solvents which had their power of extraction estimated. When acetone was used as like extration solvent it was necessary to set good parameters to obtain turmeric oleoresin. The curcumin was obtained by purification system which consists in successive extractions with solvents of different polarities, and crystallization by low temperature. The average curcumin content in turmeric powder was 5,4%, with 9,6% moisture. Acetone was found to be suitable for extracting the oleoresin from turmeric, with a turmeric powder to solvent ratio 1:6 and extraction by reflux for 90 minutes, with recovery of curcumin of 89,7%. Crystallisation from ethanol at -8°C, yielded curcumin of 84,3% purity. The process furnishes curcumin in 2,15% yield. The effect of temperature, pH and light on the stability of the pigment of turmeric and purified crystals were studied by measuring the loss of absorbance with time and, there from, determining the values of reaction rate and periods of half life for the curcumin in each system. Light was the most destructive agent, followed by pH. Temperature was less effective in promoting loss of colour
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Hackett, Maureen Monique. "Kinetics of Lycopene Degradation and Isomerization in Tomato Oleoresin under Different Temperature Treatments." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391680421.
Full textBraga, Mara Elga Medeiros. "Extração supercritica de curcuminoides de Curcuma longa L. usando como solvente mistura de CO2 + etanol e/ou isopropanol : um estudo da cinetica e das propriedades funcionais do extrato." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254881.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A Curcumalonga L. originária da Índia contém curcuminóidesque além de corante, possuem atividade antioxidante com efeito antimutagênico, indicados no tratamento preventivo do câncer. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar um co-solvente a ser obter extratos com alto teor de curcuminóides, e determinar suas propriedades funcionais tais como: ação antioxidante, antiproliferativa e antibacteriana. Os experimentos foram conduzidosnuma unidade de Extração Supercrítica (ESC) com extrator de leito fixo com diâmetro de 2,83x10-zme comprimento de 0,375m. Os experimentos foram realizados a 303,15K; os co-solventes testados foram etanol, isopropanol, e a mistura destes (50:50); a porcentagem de co-solvente de 6,39% a 16,11%; a vazão total do solvente variou entre 0,47xlO-skg/s a 4,45xlO-skg/s, e pressões de 200 e 300 bar. Os extratos foram analisados por COEM, CODIC, CCD e Espectrofotômetro-Uv. As propriedades funcionais foram obtidas medindo a atividade antioxidante (Monofalbmitate test), a ação antibacteriana (Microplate Alamar Blue Assay) e a ação antiproliferativa. Os resultados mostram a influência da origem na matéria-prima e do cosolvente quanto ao rendimento dos CC. O melhor co-solvente foi a mistura de etanol/isopropan l a 13,59% (massa) na vazão de 1,93x lO-skg/s, pressão de 300 bar e matéria-prima originária em São Paulo-Brasil, com rendimento de CC de 1,81%. A extração supercrítica produziu extratos com as frações volátil e pesada (CC). O resíduo do processo contém traços de CC o que poderiam imprimir propriedades funcionais no amido residual, classificando-o como amido especial.A atividade antioxidante foi de 80-95% de inibição para 3h de reação. A atividade antiproliferativa apresentou efeitos citostático e citocida a partir de 0,25 Jlg/mL e 250 J:!g/mLde extrato, respectivamente. A atividade antibacteriana iniciou na concentraçãodo extrato acima de 256 Jlg/mL(CIM). Palavras-chave:Curcuma longa L., curcuminóides,extração supercrítica,co-solvente
Abstract: The Curcuma longa L is indigenous to India. It contains curcuminoids (CC), which besides its coloring power have been reported as possessing antioxidant action such as antimutagenic effect; therefore, they are indicated for preventive cancer treatment. The objectiveofthis work was to select a co-solvent to be used with supercriticalCO2to obtain turmeric extracts with high curcuminoids content, and determine their functional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial and antimutagenic.The experimentalruns were conducted in a SFE unit containing a fixed bed extractor with a diameter 2.83xlO-2m and length of 0.375 m. The experimental runs were performed at 303 K; co-solvent ethanol, isopropyl and their mixture (50:50) in the proportion of 6.39% to 16.11% (mass); the total solvent flow rates varied from 0.47x10-5kgls to 4.45x10-5kgls, and pressures of 200 and 300 bar. The compositions of the extracts were analyzed using GCMS, GCFID, TLC and UV spectrophotometer.The functional properties were assed measuring the antioxidant activity (Monofalbmitatetest), the action against mycobacterium (Microplate Alamar Blue Assay test), and the antiproliferative activity. The results showed that the origin of the raw material and the co-solvent influenced the yield of CC. The best process conditions were total solvent flow rate of 1.93x10-5kgls, pressure of 300 bar, mixture of the co-solvent of the ethanol/isopropyl at 13.59%(mass), and raw material grown at São Paulo-Brazil, with yield of the CC of 1.81%. SFE extracts contain both the volatile oil and heavy fraction (CC). The SFE residue contains traces of CC that can impart some functional properties to the residual starch, thus classifying it as a special starch. The antioxidant activity varied from 80 to 95% of inhibition after 3 h of reaction. The antiproliferative activity showed effects cytocide and cytostatic, for extract concentrations of 0.25 f.tglmL and 250 f.tglmL, respectively. The antibacterial activity started at an extract concentration above 256 f.tglmL (MIC).Keywords:Curcuma longa L., curcuminoids, supercritical extraction, co-solvent
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
Michielin, Eliane Maria Zandonai. "Avaliação do processo de extração com fluido supercrítico da oleoresina de cavalinha (Equisetum arvense)." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82587.
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Extração de oleoresina de cavalinha (Equisetum arvense) utilizando dióxido de carbono supercrítico em diversas condições de operação. Avaliação da influência da temperatura, pressão, vazão de solvente, granulometria das partículas e tempo estático na composição e rendimento do extrato. Determinação da composição do extrato através de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Compara dados experimentais com dados obtidos através do emprego do modelo de transferência de massa descrito por SOVOVÁ.
Danielski, Leandro. "Solubilidade das oleoresinas de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) e cavalinha (Equisetum arvense) em CO2 supercrítico." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82941.
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Determinação da solubilidade dos extratos de duas plantas medicinais (calêndula e cavalinha) em dióxido de carbono supercrítico em diversas condições de extração. Compara dados obtidos experimentalmente com dados estimados através do Modelo de Chrastil e da equação de estado de Peng-Robinson. Ênfase também é dada às composições dos extratos obtidos. Constam nos apêndices os resultados experimentais obtidos.
Weinhold, Tatiana de Souza. "Efeito das condições de processo na composição da oleoresina de avenca-da-praia (Polygala cyparissias)." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86045.
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A extração supercrítica (ESC) é uma tecnologia nova e em pleno desenvolvimento que vem se destacando continuamente em relação a outras técnicas de extração. É um processo alternativo de extração em substituição aos processos convencionais e que visa um produto final de alta qualidade, uma vez que utiliza gases inertes como solvente, garantindo assim um extrato livre de resíduos químicos. Para este estudo empregou-se um equipamento de extração, em leito fixo de partícula, que permite o controle das condições de temperatura e pressão de operação, e conseqüentemente da densidade e do poder de solubilização do solvente. A variação das condições de temperatura e pressão permite relacionar eficiência de operação e condições ótimas de processo. Devido às vantagens da ESC e os seus benefícios para as indústrias farmacêuticas, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a composição do extrato de avenca-da-praia (Polygala cyparissias) obtido por extração supercrítica em função das condições de processo e comparando-o a métodos convencionais de extração. A avenca-da-praia é uma pequena erva que cresce na costa sul do Brasil e se destaca por apresentar atividade anestésica, diurética, potencial contra inflamações, asma, alergia, entre outras. As condições de operação estudadas foram de 150 e 200bar e de 20 e 40°C, com uma vazão de CO2 variando de 1,49 a 4,07 g/min e a densidade do CO2 de 781,27 a 937,48 Kg/m3. Para quantificação e identificação dos compostos presentes nos extratos obtidos, tanto por extração convencional quanto por ESC, foram realizadas análises cromatográficas através da cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e os principais componentes presentes nos extratos de avenca-da-praia vão desde xantonas e triterpenos até fitoesteróides e salicilato de metila. Os rendimentos do processo foram de 0,01 até 0,35% em massa para as extrações com fluido supercrítico. O modelo de SOVOVÁ (1994) foi empregado para melhor descrever os aspectos cinéticos do processo de extração da oleoresina avenca-da-praia
Zuanon, Larissa Angélica Cirelli [UNESP]. "Microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma (curcuma longa l.) em matrizes de gelatina, goma arábica e colágeno hidrolisado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90757.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) é originária do sudeste asiático, pertencente à família das Zingiberaceae. Depois de secos, os rizomas da cúrcuma podem ser submetidos a processos de extração, dando origem a óleos essenciais ou ao seu principal pigmento, a curcumina, um corante amarelo usado na indústria de alimentos para conferir cor e sabor. A curcumina é solúvel em etanol e outros solventes orgânicos, porém é insolúvel em meio aquoso, além de apresentar instabilidade em relação a diversos fatores físicos e ambientais, como à luz, ao pH e às altas temperaturas. Com o duplo objetivo de aumentar a estabilidade do pigmento e de suas propriedades funcionais, seja durante seu armazenamento ou durante a vida de prateleira dos alimentos nos quais seja utilizado como ingrediente, bem como facilitar sua utilização em meios aquosos, neste trabalho foi estudada a microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma utilizando misturas de gelatina / goma arábica e gelatina / colágeno hidrolisado como matrizes encapsulantes e empregando como métodos de secagem a liofilização e a secagem por aspersão (spray drying). Foram determinadas as proporções de agente encapsulante e oleoresina mais adequadas ao processo e as microcápsulas foram analisadas em relação à eficiência de encapsulação, morfologia, solubilidade e estabilidade à luz. Foram produzidos doze sistemas por coacervação complexa para cápsulas de gelatina / goma arábica, cuja eficiência de encapsulação variou entre 49 e 73 %, sendo classificados os sistemas com 2,5% de material de parede e 100 % de recheio (Sistema 4) e com 5,0 % de material de parede e 50% de recheio (Sistema 6) para os testes de estabilidade à luz, no qual o Sistema 4 foi o mais estável. Nos seis sistemas produzidos para microcápsulas de gelatina / colágeno hidrolisado os valores...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is indigenous to Southeast Asia, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. After drying, the rhizomes of turmeric may be subjected to extraction processes, resulting in essential oils or their main pigment, curcumin, a yellow dye used in the food industry to impart color and flavor. Curcumin is soluble in ethanol and other organic solvents but insoluble in aqueous medium, in addition to be unstable with respect to various physical and environmental factors such as light, pH and high temperatures. With the dual aim of increasing the stability of the pigment and its functional properties, either during storage or during shelf life of foods in which it is used as an ingredient, and to facilitate the use in aqueous medium, it was studied the microencapsulation of turmeric oleoresin using mixtures of gelatin / arabic gum and gelatin / hydrolyzed collagen as arrays employing as encapsulants and the drying methods freeze and spray drying. Proportions of oleoresin and encapsulating agent more suited to the process were determined and the microcapsules were analyzed for the encapsulation efficiency, morphology, solubility and stability to light. Twelve systems were produced by complex coacervation to capsules of gelatin / arabic gum, whose encapsulation efficiency ranged from 49 to 73 %. The systems with 2.5 % of wall material and 100 % of filling (System 4) and the one with 5.0 % of wall material and 50 % of filling (System 6) were classified for the tests of stability to light, in which the System 4 was more stable. In the six systems to produce microcapsules with gelatin / hydrolyzed collagen the encapsulation efficiency values ranged from 17 to 57 %, and which contained 30% total solids (28 % of hydrolyzed collagen and 2 % of gelatin) - System B - followed to test of stability to light, together ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Higuita, Diana Maria Cano [UNESP]. "Microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma (curcuma longa l.) em misturas de goma arábica, maltodextrina e amido modificado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90768.
Full textA cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa L.), também conhecida como açafrão, é uma planta originária do sudeste asiático, pertencente à família das Zingiberaceae. Depois de secos, os rizomas da cúrcuma podem ser submetidos a processos de extração, dando origem a óleos essenciais ou ao seu principal pigmento, a curcumina, um corante amarelo usado na indústria de alimentos para conferir cor e sabor e, na indústria farmacêutica, por seu caráter anticancerígeno e antioxidante. A curcumina é solúvel em etanol e em outros solventes orgânicos, porém é insolúvel em meio aquoso, além de apresentar instabilidade em relação a diversos fatores físicos e ambientais, como exposição à luz, pH básico e altas temperaturas. Com o duplo proposito de aumentar a estabilidade do pigmento e de suas propriedades funcionais, seja durante seu armazenamento ou durante a vida de prateleira dos alimentos nos quais seja utilizado como ingrediente, bem como facilitar sua utilização em meios aquosos, os objetivos deste projeto de pesquisa foram: estudar o processo de microencapsulação da oleoresina de cúrcuma através do seu recobrimento por uma matriz polimérica solúvel em água, à base de misturas binárias ou ternárias de goma arábica (GA), maltodextrina(MD) e amido modificado(AM), avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais das microcápsulas obtidas e estudar a estabilidade do pigmento microencapsulado frente à luz, pH e temperatura. Para atingir tais objetivos foram avaliadas diferentes formulações da matriz encapsulante, as proporções da matriz encapsulante e oleoresina mais adequadas ao processo,bem como as condições de secagem por liofilização e por aspersão (spray drying) sobre a eficiência de encapsulação e sobre a morfologia...
Curcuma (Curcuma longa L.) known as Tumeric, is a plant native to Southeast Asia, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. After drying, turmeric rhizomes can be subject to extraction processes, yielding essential oils or their main pigment, curcumin, a yellow dye used in food and pharmaceutical industry, due to their color and flavor, anticancer and antioxidant character, respectively. Curcumin is soluble in ethanol and others organic solvents, but is insoluble in aqueous medium. It's instable against different physical and environmental factors such as exposure to light, high temperatures and basic pH. With the dual purpose of increasing the stability of the pigment and functional properties during storage and shelf life and, to facilitate their use in aqueous media, was proposed the study of the microencapsulation process of curcumin oleoresin coated by matrix polymeric binary - ternary, composed by Arabic gum, maltodextrin and starch modified. For this, were studied the physico-chemical and functional properties of the microcapsules and the stability in several conditions of light, pH and temperature. Different formulations of the encapsulating matrix were proposed, to evaluate the best proportions in the freeze-drying and spray drying process. Parameters as encapsulation efficiency, morphology, solubility and stability of the microcapsules were obtained. The ratios selected for the stability test were E4 (100 GA), E9 (0.75 MD: 0.25 AM) and E2 B (1/3MD: 1/3GA: 1/3AM). In the morphology analyses, the spray-drying process showed samples with circular shape, wrinkled, no cracks or fissures and, for the freezing-drying process, can see samples with no definite shape and size particles variable. Ternary matrix by spray-drying process show the best retaining results of oleoresin curcumin, and the freezing-drying process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Higuita, Diana Maria Cano. "Microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma (curcuma longa l.) em misturas de goma arábica, maltodextrina e amido modificado /." São José do Rio Preto, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90768.
Full textBanca: Cassia Roberta Malacrida
Banca: Renata Valeriano Tonon
Resumo: A cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa L.), também conhecida como açafrão, é uma planta originária do sudeste asiático, pertencente à família das Zingiberaceae. Depois de secos, os rizomas da cúrcuma podem ser submetidos a processos de extração, dando origem a óleos essenciais ou ao seu principal pigmento, a curcumina, um corante amarelo usado na indústria de alimentos para conferir cor e sabor e, na indústria farmacêutica, por seu caráter anticancerígeno e antioxidante. A curcumina é solúvel em etanol e em outros solventes orgânicos, porém é insolúvel em meio aquoso, além de apresentar instabilidade em relação a diversos fatores físicos e ambientais, como exposição à luz, pH básico e altas temperaturas. Com o duplo proposito de aumentar a estabilidade do pigmento e de suas propriedades funcionais, seja durante seu armazenamento ou durante a vida de prateleira dos alimentos nos quais seja utilizado como ingrediente, bem como facilitar sua utilização em meios aquosos, os objetivos deste projeto de pesquisa foram: estudar o processo de microencapsulação da oleoresina de cúrcuma através do seu recobrimento por uma matriz polimérica solúvel em água, à base de misturas binárias ou ternárias de goma arábica (GA), maltodextrina(MD) e amido modificado(AM), avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais das microcápsulas obtidas e estudar a estabilidade do pigmento microencapsulado frente à luz, pH e temperatura. Para atingir tais objetivos foram avaliadas diferentes formulações da matriz encapsulante, as proporções da matriz encapsulante e oleoresina mais adequadas ao processo,bem como as condições de secagem por liofilização e por aspersão (spray drying) sobre a eficiência de encapsulação e sobre a morfologia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Curcuma (Curcuma longa L.) known as Tumeric, is a plant native to Southeast Asia, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. After drying, turmeric rhizomes can be subject to extraction processes, yielding essential oils or their main pigment, curcumin, a yellow dye used in food and pharmaceutical industry, due to their color and flavor, anticancer and antioxidant character, respectively. Curcumin is soluble in ethanol and others organic solvents, but is insoluble in aqueous medium. It's instable against different physical and environmental factors such as exposure to light, high temperatures and basic pH. With the dual purpose of increasing the stability of the pigment and functional properties during storage and shelf life and, to facilitate their use in aqueous media, was proposed the study of the microencapsulation process of curcumin oleoresin coated by matrix polymeric binary - ternary, composed by Arabic gum, maltodextrin and starch modified. For this, were studied the physico-chemical and functional properties of the microcapsules and the stability in several conditions of light, pH and temperature. Different formulations of the encapsulating matrix were proposed, to evaluate the best proportions in the freeze-drying and spray drying process. Parameters as encapsulation efficiency, morphology, solubility and stability of the microcapsules were obtained. The ratios selected for the stability test were E4 (100 GA), E9 (0.75 MD: 0.25 AM) and E2 B (1/3MD: 1/3GA: 1/3AM). In the morphology analyses, the spray-drying process showed samples with circular shape, wrinkled, no cracks or fissures and, for the freezing-drying process, can see samples with no definite shape and size particles variable. Ternary matrix by spray-drying process show the best retaining results of oleoresin curcumin, and the freezing-drying process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Zuanon, Sardella Larissa Angélica Cirelli. "Microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma (curcuma longa l.) em matrizes de gelatina, goma arábica e colágeno hidrolisado /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90757.
Full textCoorientador: Cássia Roberta Malacrida
Banca: Patrícia de Carvalho Damy Benedetti
Banca: Renato Alexandre Ferreira Cabral
Resumo: A cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) é originária do sudeste asiático, pertencente à família das Zingiberaceae. Depois de secos, os rizomas da cúrcuma podem ser submetidos a processos de extração, dando origem a óleos essenciais ou ao seu principal pigmento, a curcumina, um corante amarelo usado na indústria de alimentos para conferir cor e sabor. A curcumina é solúvel em etanol e outros solventes orgânicos, porém é insolúvel em meio aquoso, além de apresentar instabilidade em relação a diversos fatores físicos e ambientais, como à luz, ao pH e às altas temperaturas. Com o duplo objetivo de aumentar a estabilidade do pigmento e de suas propriedades funcionais, seja durante seu armazenamento ou durante a vida de prateleira dos alimentos nos quais seja utilizado como ingrediente, bem como facilitar sua utilização em meios aquosos, neste trabalho foi estudada a microencapsulação de oleoresina de cúrcuma utilizando misturas de gelatina / goma arábica e gelatina / colágeno hidrolisado como matrizes encapsulantes e empregando como métodos de secagem a liofilização e a secagem por aspersão (spray drying). Foram determinadas as proporções de agente encapsulante e oleoresina mais adequadas ao processo e as microcápsulas foram analisadas em relação à eficiência de encapsulação, morfologia, solubilidade e estabilidade à luz. Foram produzidos doze sistemas por coacervação complexa para cápsulas de gelatina / goma arábica, cuja eficiência de encapsulação variou entre 49 e 73 %, sendo classificados os sistemas com 2,5% de material de parede e 100 % de recheio (Sistema 4) e com 5,0 % de material de parede e 50% de recheio (Sistema 6) para os testes de estabilidade à luz, no qual o Sistema 4 foi o mais estável. Nos seis sistemas produzidos para microcápsulas de gelatina / colágeno hidrolisado os valores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is indigenous to Southeast Asia, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. After drying, the rhizomes of turmeric may be subjected to extraction processes, resulting in essential oils or their main pigment, curcumin, a yellow dye used in the food industry to impart color and flavor. Curcumin is soluble in ethanol and other organic solvents but insoluble in aqueous medium, in addition to be unstable with respect to various physical and environmental factors such as light, pH and high temperatures. With the dual aim of increasing the stability of the pigment and its functional properties, either during storage or during shelf life of foods in which it is used as an ingredient, and to facilitate the use in aqueous medium, it was studied the microencapsulation of turmeric oleoresin using mixtures of gelatin / arabic gum and gelatin / hydrolyzed collagen as arrays employing as encapsulants and the drying methods freeze and spray drying. Proportions of oleoresin and encapsulating agent more suited to the process were determined and the microcapsules were analyzed for the encapsulation efficiency, morphology, solubility and stability to light. Twelve systems were produced by complex coacervation to capsules of gelatin / arabic gum, whose encapsulation efficiency ranged from 49 to 73 %. The systems with 2.5 % of wall material and 100 % of filling (System 4) and the one with 5.0 % of wall material and 50 % of filling (System 6) were classified for the tests of stability to light, in which the System 4 was more stable. In the six systems to produce microcapsules with gelatin / hydrolyzed collagen the encapsulation efficiency values ranged from 17 to 57 %, and which contained 30% total solids (28 % of hydrolyzed collagen and 2 % of gelatin) - System B - followed to test of stability to light, together ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Orndorff, Brandy Michelle-Woolsey. "Comparison of Prophylactic or Therapeutic Dietary Administration of Capsaicin Oleoresin for Resistance to Salmonella in Broiler Chickens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33812.
Full textThese data provide evidence that prophylactic or therapeutic dietary CAP differentially affect broiler susceptibility to Salmonella and prophylactic administration may provide non-antibiotic means to reduce Salmonella in broilers.
Master of Science
Monteiro, Alcilene Rodrigues. "Extração do oleo essencial/oleoresina de gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) com CO2 supercritico : uma avaliação do pre-tratamento e das variaveis de processo." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254808.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudou-se a influência da temperatura, tamanho de partículas e tempo de extração no rendimento e composição do óleo essencial e oleoresina de gengibre. Inicialmente, o feito da temperatura de secagem foi considerada. Os rizomas foram secos a temperatura de 25 e 30°C, durante 80 e 60 minutos, respectivamente. A oleoresina foi extraída a 70 bar e 16°C por 120 minutos. Posteriormente, estudou-se o feito da distribuição do tamanho de partículas. As partículas foram classificadas em quatro frações: fina (35, 42 e 48), média (14, 16 e 24), grossa (6, 8 e 10) e uma mistura de todos os tamanhos. Realizou-se as extrações por um período de 240 minutos. Observou-se que o maior rendimento (1,68% massa de oleoresina/massa de sólidos) foi obtido usando a fração media e o menor rendimento (1,04% massa de oleoresina/massa de sólidos) usando a mistura de todas as frações. Na terceira etapa, investigou-se a cinética de extração, usando o sólido nas condições selecionadas no pré-tratamento (rizomas secos a 30°C e tamanho médio de partículas). O efeito das variáveis de processo pressão, temperatura e vazão do solvente na taxa de transferência de massa, tempo de extração e rendimento da oleoresina para o período de taxa constante de extração foram avaliadas. As condições de pressão foram de 70 a 250 bar, temperatura de 16 a 40°C com e sem período estático. A análise de variância (ANOVA) mostrou que o efeito da pressão foi predominante no processo. A solubilidade operacional foi medida a pressões de 150, 200 e 250 bar e temperaturas de 20, 30 e 40°C, usando uma vazão de 0,90 a 1,10 g CO2/min. O coeficiente de transferência de massa e o coeficiente volumétrico da transferência de massa foram calculados considerando o efeito da convecção natural e da convecçâo forçada. A identificação dos constituintes químicos foi baseado em: i) análise comparativa dos espectros de massa das substâncias com banco de dados do sistema CG-EM (Wiley 139, Lib.); ii) dados da literatura [McLAFFERTY et al.] e iii) índice de retenção. A composição química dos extratos apresenta os componentes da classe do monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, gingerois e shogaois
Abstract: In this work, the influence of the drying temperature, size of particles and time of extraction in the yield and composition of the oil ginger essential/oleoresin was studied. Initially, the effect of dying temperature was considered. The rhizomes were dried at temperatures of 25 and 30°C, for 80 and 60 minutes, respectively. The oleoresin was extracted at 70 bar and 16°C for 120 minutes. Secondly, the effect of particle size distribution was studied. Particles were classified in four fractions: fine (35, 42 and 48 mesh), medium (14, 16 and 24), coarse (6, 8 and 10) and a mixture of all sizes. The extraction was performed for a period of240 minutes. It was observed that the largest yield (1.68% mass of oleoresin/mass of solids) was obtained using the medium size fraction and the smallest one (1.04% oleoresin mass /mass of solids) using the mixture of all the fractions. In third place, the extraction kinetic was investigated using solid pre-treated at the selected conditions (30°C and medium size particles). The effect of the process variables pressure, temperature and solvent flow rate in the mass transfer rate, time of extraction and yield of the oleoresin for the period of constant rate of extraction were evaluated. The conditions were pressures from 70 to 250 bar, temperature from 16 to 40°C with and without static period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of pressure was predominant in the process. The operational solubility was measured at pressures of 150, 200 250 bar and temperatures of 20, 30 and 40°C, using a solvent flow of 0.90 to 1.10 gCO2/min. The mass transfer coefficient and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient considering the effects of both natural and forced convection. The identification of chemical constituents was based on: i) comparison of substance mass spectrums with GC-MS system data bank; ii) comparison of mass spectrum with literature data, and iii) retention indexes. The chemical composition of the extracts includes monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, mixtures of gingerols and shogaols
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Bastos, Ana Paula Meneses Rodrigues. "Análise cromatográfica, morfológica e molecular da síntese do oleoresina em plantas jovens de Copaifera multijuga hayne (fabaceae – caesalpinioideae)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4396.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Adult plants Copaifera genus are known to have one of the resin oils most commonly used in folk medicine, which credited to several pharmacological and cosmetic properties. In plant oil resin produced in secondary xylem, is used for its defense against various internal agents and external. In this paper we analyzed the essential oil extracted in young plants Copaifera Hayne multijuga in order to confirm the presence of coding sequences enzymes responsible for synthesis of oil and to generate a cDNA library. To the oil extraction was used the technique of steam distillation in Clevenger apparatus modified and then the spectrophotometric analysis of masses for classification of sesquiterpene compounds (essential oil). In chromatographic analysis allowed identification of various compounds present in both the young plant as the plant the adult Copaifera gender, such as ß-caryophyllene, α-copaene, D germacrene, α- humulene, δ-cadineno, γ-elemene, α-cubebeno and α-bergamotene etc. Minority studied. In one approach we used immunohistochemistry methods microscopic to locate secretory canals of the plant, where slides were prepared using semi-automated microtome, stained blue solution toluidine reagent and NADI. After these analyzes, proved the presence of these secretory ducts in young leaves, a cDNA library was constructed, utilizandose as a source of mRNA similar biological material (young leaves of C. multijuga), and subsequently their nucleotides sequenced by pirosenquenciamento the which was analyzed by computational biology, using programs prioritized biosynthesis of terpenes and sesquiterpenes, where their coding sequences enzymes were found, showing engagement of the mRNA in the oil construction not essential in adult plants of this species. Using techniques chromatography to identify phytochemicals compounds, together with methods histological and then the sequencing of genes expressed in young leaves and therefore the secretory oil rosin, allow confirmation of the biosynthesis various substances present in this oil as well as their metabolic pathways. Those Data are presented for the first time together, believing that they can helping to open new frontiers in research and development biotechnologies based upon its results.
As plantas adultas do gênero Copaifera são conhecidas por possuírem um dos óleos resina mais utilizados na medicina popular, ao qual creditam-se diversas propriedades farmacológicas e cosméticas. Na planta, o óleo resina, produzido no xilema secundário, é utilizado para sua defesa contra diversos agentes internos e externos. Neste trabalho analisou-se o óleo essencial extraído em plantas jovens de Copaifera multijuga Hayne, a fim de confirmar a presença de seqüências codificadoras de enzimas responsáveis pela síntese do óleo e gerar uma biblioteca de cDNA. Para a extração do óleo foi usada a técnica de arraste a vapor em aparelho de clevenger modificado e a seguir a análise espectrofotométrica de massas para classificação dos compostos sesquiterpênicos (óleo essencial). Na análise cromatográfica permitiu a identificação de vários compostos presentes tanto na planta jovem quanto na planta adulta do gênero Copaifera, como: ß-cariofileno, α-copaeno, D germacreno, α- humuleno, δ-cadineno, γ-elemeno, α-cubebeno e α-bergamoteno entre outros minoritários estudados. Numa abordagem histoquímica utilizou-se métodos microscópicos para localizar canais secretores da planta, onde lâminas foram preparadas utilizando o micrótomo semi-automático, coradas em solução de azul de toluidina e em reagente de NADI. Após estas análises, comprovada a presença desses ductos secretores em folhas jovens, foi construída uma biblioteca de cDNA, utilizandose como fonte de mRNA material biológico similar (folhas jovens de C. multijuga), sendo posteriormente seqüenciado seus nucleotídeos por meio de pirosenquenciamento, o qual foi analisado por biologia computacional, utilizando-se programas que priorizaram a biossíntese dos terpenos e sesquiterpenos, onde suas seqüências codificadoras de enzimas foram encontradas, mostrando envolvimento do mRNA na construção do óleo essencial em plantas não adultas desta espécie. A utilização de técnicas cromatográficas para identificação de compostos fitoquímicos, aliadas a métodos histológicos e posteriormente ao seqüenciamento de genes expressos de folhas jovens e, portanto secretoras de óleo resina, permitiram a confirmação da biossíntese de diversas substâncias presentes nesse óleo, bem como suas rotas metabólicas. Esses dados são apresentados pela primeira vez conjuntamente, acreditando-se que possam contribuir para a abertura de novas fronteiras na pesquisa e no desenvolvimento de biotecnologias baseadas em seus resultados.
Acquié, Florence. "Gingembre : aspects récents." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P087.
Full textSantos, Andrea Barbosa. "Encapsulação de oleoresina de paprica por atomização em goma arabica e em aglomerados porosos de amido/gelatina : estabilidade e aplicação." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255979.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Neste trabalho a oleoresina de páprica oriunda de frutos maduros de pimentões (Capsicum annuum L.), foi encapsulada por processo de atomização, utilizando-se os agentes encapsulantes aglomerados porosos de grânulos de amido de arroz / gelatina e goma arábica. A extração da oleoresina encapsulada foi realizada em ultra-som durante cinco minutos em álcool etílico hidratado apresentando rendimentos de extração de 48,8 e 77,5% para os encapsulados em goma arábica, e aglomerados de amido/gelatina respectivamente. Os rendimentos em relação à retenção durante o processo de encapsulação, corrigidos pela deficiência do método de extração, foram de 100% para cápsulas de goma arábica e em torno de 89% para encapsulados de aglomerados porosos de grânulos de amido de arroz / gelatina, expressos em base úmida. A estabilidade da oleoresina livre e microencapsulada foi avaliada frente às diferentes condições de temperatura (- 18 °C; 25 ± 3°C; 50 °C) e ao efeito da luz, com parte das cápsulas sendo mantidas em ambiente sem iluminação. Em ambos ensaios cápsulas fabricadas com goma arábica apresentaram maior proteção a oleoresina de páprica quanto à perda da cor original. A morfologia da parede mostrou que a parede dos encapsulados de aglomerados porosos de grânulos de amido de arroz / gelatina apresentou porosidade e interstícios foram evidenciados na matriz individualmente e nos aglomerados; em relação as microcápsulas de goma arábica, observou-se parede contínua, sem rachaduras ou poros aparentes, mas apresentando concavidades na superfície provocadas pelo processo de secagem. A distribuição de tamanho das partículas foi unimodal, com tamanho médio de 16,0 mm para as cápsulas de goma arábica e 20,3 mm para os aglomerados porosos de grânulos de amido de arroz / gelatina. A funcionalidade das microcápsulas quanto à liberação do recheio, foi avaliada por adição a dois sistemas alimentícios, um contendo somente gel de gelatina incolor sem sabor e em outro, contendo proteína, gordura, carboidratos (bolo). A distribuição da cor foi homogênea em ambos os sistemas, ou seja, não foi verificado à formação de pontos de concentração de cor nos produtos. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada através do teste afetivo de aceitação em escala hedônica de nove pontos, em relação às formulações dos padrões de gel de gelatina e, de bolo isentas de microcápsulas e do teste de comparação da coloração pela escala estruturada mista. As notas obtidas foram altas para os dois produtos antes da ingestão, média na faixa de seis e sete para a gelatina contendo encapsulados dos aglomerados porosos de grânulos de amido de arroz/gelatina e de goma respectivamente, e média de sete e nove para os bolos
Abstract: In this study the resinous paprika oil obtained from ripe peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), was encapsulated by a spray drying process, in porous agglomerates of rice starch/gelatin and gum Arabic capsules. The process of extracting the encapsulated resinous oil was carried out by breaking the capsules by ultrasonication in a solvent (hydrated ethyl alcohol) for five minutes, showing yields of 48,8 and 77,5% when Arabic gum and starch/gelatin were used respectively. The yields during the encapsulation process with respect to the retention of resinous oil as compared to the amount added, corrected by extractions methods, was 100% for gum Arabic capsules and about 89% when starch granules were formed (wet base). The stabilities of the free and micro encapsulated resinous oils were evaluated under different temperature and light conditions (freezer - 18 °C; room temperature 25 ± 3°C; and 50°C). Exposing part of the capsules in a controlled illumination chamber and maintaining the other part in a chamber with no light tested the effect of light. In both trials (temperature and light), capsules produced with gum Arabic provided greater protection to the paprika resinous oil, with respect to loss of the original color. By morphological observations the porosity of the rice starch was apparent when this material was used as wall material, interstices being observed in the matrix both individually and when agglomerated. When gum Arabic was used as wall material, the walls of the capsules were continuous, with no apparent cracks or pores, although showing some indentations on the surface provoked by the drying process. The average size of the capsules was determined by measuring particle size, both presenting a unimodal distribution, with an average particle size of 16,0 mm for the gum Arabic capsules and 20,3 mm for the rice starch/gelatin. In order to determine the functionality of the microcapsules with respect to the liberation of the core material, the capsules were added to two food systems, a simple system containing non-colored gelatin with no added flavor, and a more complex system containing protein, fat and carbohydrate (cake mix). The color distribution was homogenous in both systems, no localized concentrations of color being noted in any of the products. A preference test with a nine point hedonic scale was used for the sensory evaluation of the gelatin formulations and the cakes, as compared to those containing no microcapsules. The scores for both products were high before tasting, in the range from 6 to 7 for the gelatin containing starch/gelatin and gum capsules respectively, and 7 and 9 for the cakes
Doutorado
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
PAPILLO, VALENTINA AZZURRA. "Formulation and characterization of spray-dried polyphenol-rich ingredients for functional foods." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97189.
Full textFernandes, Regina Rosa 1946. "Variaçoes estacionais dos teores de umidade e oleoresina em folhagem de Pinus elliottii Engelm, Pinus taeda L. e Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.)O. Ktze e sua influencia no potencial de inflamabilidade das copas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24828.
Full textNam, Anne-Marie. "Contribution de la RMN 13C à l’analyse des huiles végétales, huiles essentielles et résines (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis et Cedrus atlantica)." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0001/document.
Full textNatural products isolated from plants acquired, in recent years, a growing success in many industries (aromatherapy, cosmetic, perfumes). The objective of our study was to contribute, on the one hand, to the development of methods involving 13C and 1H NMR for the identification and quantification of the components of natural mixtures, and on the other hand, to the chemical characterization of two conifers brought to Corsica, Aleppo pine (essential oil) and atlas cedar (essential oil, pyrolysis oil and resins).The first part concerned the quantification of squalene present in olive oil. Indeed, linear triterpene participated in the oxidative stability of olive oil and play an important role by decreasing some kind of cancers risks. It’s deal with to elaborate an experimental part based on NMR 1H and 13C by using routine apparatus (9.4 Tesla). Quantification by NMR 13C is reliable and have been applied to squalene quantification in 25 samples of Corsican olive oil.The second part of our work concerned the chemical characterization of the essential oil of Aleppo pine brought to Corsica in three different stations (Capo di Feno, Saleccia and Tre Padule de Suartone). A detailed analysis of cone essential oil, using the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, leads to the identification of 48 compounds. Chemical composition is extensively dominated by monoterpens (Alpha-pinene and myrcene) and one olefinic sesquiterpen ((E)-Béta-caryophyllene). 13C NMR allowed to the identification of various diterpens, particularly the 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol. This compound is described for the first time in aleppo pine essential oil. Fifteen samples of cone essential oil were analysed allowing differentiating three kinds of compositions: Alpha-pinene; myrcene; Alpha-pinene/myrcene. Finally, analysis of 47 samples of needles essential oil, associated with statistical treatment of the results (PCA and PFA), suggested the occurrence of an intraspecific chemical variability. Samples are divided into three groups, based on their high contents in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene (groupe I), in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene/Alpha-pinene/myrcene (groupe II) and in myrcene (groupe III).The last part concerned the study of Cedrus atlantica. A detailed analysis of commercial essential oil leads to the identification of 20 constituents. Main compounds are Alpha-, Béta- and Gamma-himachalene. Moreover, seven compounds, not yet referenced in our home-made NMR spectral data library, were identified by NMR 13C. Chemical compositions of handwork pyrolysis oils from Morocco were also dominated by the himachalene’s and (E)--atlantone. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 28 samples of Cedrus atlantica resins, obtained from the five Corsican forests referenced by the Office National des Forêts of Corsica (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta and Vizzavona) have been done, without any step of chromatography. Beside resinic acids, we have been identified three lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol and lariciresinol-9-acetate). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these compounds, leads to the occurrence of three types of chemical composition. Finally, we have developed and validated a method for quantification of lignans by 1H NMR
Romero, Adriano Lopes. "Contribuição ao conhecimento quimico do oleo-resina de copaiba : configuração absoluta de terpenos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249068.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: óleo-resina de copaíba comercial é um exudado do tronco de diversas espécies do gênero Copaifera (Caesalpinoideae, Leguminosae). Esse óleo é utilizado na medicina popular como cicatrizante, antiinflamatório, no tratamento de bronquites e doenças de pele, assim como na indústria cosméstica como fixador para perfumes e como solvente para tintas e vernizes. Apesar de existir extensa literatura sobre o óleo de copaíba e alguns artigos recentes relatarem o isolamento de novos compostos, muitas das configurações absolutas permanecem indeterminadas. Diante desse fato este trabalho teve como objetivo, isolar os constituintes químicos do óleo de copaíba comercial para caracterização e efetuar a determinação das configurações absolutas dos mesmos. O óleo-resina de copaíba foi submetido a uma extração ácido-base fornecendo duas frações: Fração Neutra (81,7%) e Fração Ácida (18,3%). O estudo da fração neutra permitiu o isolamento de onze sesquiterpenos, sendo dois deles relatados pela primeira vez neste material {(-)-7(11)-selinen-4-ol e (-)-torreyol}; três dinorlabdanos, sendo um inédito como produto natural; e o clerodano 7- acetoxibacchotricuneatina D. A configuração absoluta dos dinorlabdanos foram determinadas pela síntese a partir do ácido (-)-3-hidroxi-copálico e a estereoquímica do C-13 dos álcoois dinorlabdânicos foi estabelecida pela aplicação do método de Mosher modificado. Da fração ácida foram isolados três diterpenos ácidos (copálico, 3-acetoxi-copálico, 3-hidróxicopálico). Além disso, após tratamento de uma amostra da fração ácida com diazometano e purificação por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel, foram isolados oito diterpenos, sendo um destes inédito (3,19- diidróxi-copalato de metila) e dois terpenos raros (o guamaato de dimetila e o 4-hidroperóxido-18-norcopalato de metila)
Abstract: The commercial copaiba oleoresin is an exuded obtained from the trunk of many species of the Copaifera genus (Caesalpinoideae, Leguminosae). This oil is used in the popular medicine as cicatrizant, anti-inflammatory, in the treatment of bronchitis and for skin diseases, and also in the cosmetic industry as fixative of the perfumes and as solvent for inks and varnishes. Although there are an extensive report concerning the composition of copaíba oil in the literature and some recent papers report the isolation of new compounds, the absolute configuration of many of then remains unknown. Thus, this work had as objective to isolate the compounds of the commercial copaíba oleoresin in order to characterize and determine the absolute configurations. Thus, the copaíba oleoresin was submitted to acid-base extraction supplying two fractions: Neutral Fraction (81.7%) and Acidic Fraction (18.3%). The study of the neutral fraction allowed the isolation of eleven sesquiterpenes, where two of then were not yet reported previously in this material {(-)-7(11)-selinen-4-ol and (-)-torreyol}; one new dinorlabdane and two known dinorlabdane and the diterpene clerodane 7-acetoxibacchotricuneatine D. The absolute configuration of dinorlabdanes was established by synthesis starting from (-)-3-hydroxycopalic acid and the stereochemistry of the C-13 carbon was determined using Mosher¿s modified method. From the acid fraction were isolated three diterpenic acids (copalic, 3-acetoxy-copalic, 3-hydroxy-copalic). Besides, after treatment of a sample of acidic fraction with diazomethane and purification through SiO2 gel column chromatography, a new compound (methyl 3,19-dihydroxy-copalate) was isolated along with two rare diterpenes (dimethyl guamaate and methyl 4-hydroperoxy-18- norcopalate) and five known diterpenes
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
Ziglio, Analine Crespo. "Oleoresina de capsaicina como preservante natural de madeira de Pinus sp. contra a ação de fungos de podridão branca e de podridão mole." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-27082015-101533/.
Full textThe present study evaluated the effectiveness of capsaicin oleoresin extracted from Malagueta, Red Savina and Bhut Jolokia peppers in the surface treatment of Pinus sp. with moisture contents of 12% and 0%. The samples were submitted to the attack of Paecilomyces variotti and Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus. A synthetic wood preservative, that is commercially known as stain, was used to compare the effectiveness of natural preservatives based on capsaicin oleoresin. From contact angle measurements for wood surfaces treated with capsaicin oleoresin, it was obtained that Bhut Jolokia pepper and stain preservatives have provided worse wettability for wood samples at both moisture contents. The preservative treatment caused a decrease in the surface energy when compared to the samples without preservative treatment due to polar and dispersive contributions. Statistical analysis for the results by using the Tukey method showed that there is not a group of results that are statistically equivalent to those obtained for the control samples (without treatment). Pinus sp. samples at a moisture content of 0% showed to be more surface protected after being modified with the oleoresin extracted from Bhut Jolokia; the same effect was observed statistically for stain. The Langmuir technique was used to better understand interactions among capsaicin/ergosterol, capsaicin/DPPG (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol) and capsaicin/DPPG/ergosterol. Surface pressure vs. area per molecule isotherms appeared to be even more extended when the subphase contained capsaicin oleoresin instead of pure lipid (DPPG), thus indicating the inclusion of capsaicin into the monolayer. In general, the capsaicin oleoresin extracted from Bhut Jolokia proved to be more efficient in all the aspects of characterization when compared to Red Savina and Malagueta highlighting its potential for use as a natural wood preservative.
Adkins, Lydia Denise. "Oleoresin Capsicum: an Analysis of the Implementation of Pepper Spray into the Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum in a Selected Police Department." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0608103-191129/unrestricted/AdkinsD073003f.pdf.
Full textTitle from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0608103-191129. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
Milani, Juliana Foresti. "Cavidades secretoras nos órgãos vegetativos aéreos de Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne (Leguminosae, Caesalpinoideae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-01022010-162445/.
Full textCopaíbas (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) are best known for the production of an oilresin with anti-inflammatory properties, used in the folk medicine and pharmaceutical industry. The substance is usually taken from the stem, through the use of an auger to drill the stem until the oilresin drips. This oilresin seems to be produced, stored and secreted by two types of secretory structures, canals and secretory cavities. Although many studies address the chemical analysis and the biological activity of the oilresin in species of Copaifera, the cellular mechanisms of production, storage and secretion have rarely been exploited. The objective of this study was to compare the distribution, morphology, development and secretion biology of oilresin-secreting canals and/or cavities, in the stem and in the leaf of Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne, unique among the 35 species of the genus that occurs in the Atlantic Rain Forest. The study tested wheather canals and/or cavities produce oilresin in the leaf, as reported to the stem, in order to propose alternatives to the use of the trunk of the tree as a source of secretion. Considering that the chemical nature of the secretion is already known to the stem, the ultrastructural study of canal/cavity in several stages of development aim at to associate subcellular components with substances produced and secreted. Data obtained can increase the knowledge on the production and secretion mechanisms of within epithelial cells of secretory canals and/or cavities. Materials include axillary buds containing leaf and stem primordial, besides mature middle leaflets and portions of stem in primary and secondary growth. They were collected from three individuals in the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro and prepared to be employed in anatomy, histolocalization of oilresin, ultrastructure and clearing of whole leaves. Secretory cavities were observed in the leaf and the stem (primary and secondary growth), between the palisade and spongy mesophyll, petiole cortex, and shoot cortex and pith. Cavities originate from ground meristem cells by a periclinal division followed by two anticlinals; the lumen is formed by esquizogenous process. The content of the cavities of both the stem and leaf contains oil and resin, as shown in the literature for the genus. This suggests that the extraction of the oleoresin would be less harmful for the plant if extracted from the leaf. The presence of a biseriate epithelium in foliar and shoot cavities, as similarly found in C. langsdorffii, is a novelty for Leguminosae, and probably represents the replacement of epithelial cells that have secreted. In the beginning of substance production epithelial cells are polarized: nucleus near the inner periclinal wall and cytoplasm near the outer periclinal wall. The cytoplasm is rich in mitochondria, and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum associated to vesicles (leaf) or plastids (stem). There is a greater amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells of the leaf cavities and rough endoplasmic reticulum in cells of the stem cavities. Vesicles with different content (electron-dense and electron-opaque) are produced by the reticulum, transported through microfibrils of anticlinals and inner periclinal walls and released into the lumen. Production and secretion of metabolites are not synchronized in epithelial cells of the same cavity. It is suggested that the resin component is produced in the rough reticulum and plastids, and the oily component in the smooth reticulum. The comparison between C. langsdorffii and C. trapezifolia using characters with diagnostic value represents a pioneer result if considered the number of species and morpho-species of the genus. However, the inclusion of a greater number of species in studies of secretory structures of Copaifera would certainly help the complex infrageneric division of this group.
Cottone, Elyse. "Use of natural antioxidants in dairy and meat products : a review of sensory and instrumental analyses." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2267.
Full textBiggs, Morgan Eleanore. "Dietary supplementation of saccharin-based artificial sweeteners and capsicum oleoresin as a strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress on pig growth performance and intestinal physiology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78279.
Full textMaster of Science
Kroscher, Kellie Ann. "Nutritional Strategies to Improve Pig Growth and Performance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100306.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Muscle is an important tissue to consider when optimizing growing conditions in feed animals due to its function as a consumer good. Many factors influence the efficiency of muscle growth including genetics, nutrition, and environment. Fractional growth rates are highest during the neonatal period and animals require adequate nutrients to facilitate this growth. Nutrient restriction reduces growth rate and can lead to permanent changes the animals' body size and composition later in life. Therefore, optimal nutrition is important for maximizing the growth potential of the animal. While the nutrients in feed can be controlled to improve growth, other factors are more difficult to regulate. Heat stress is a prevalent problem in the agriculture industry resulting in great economic losses due to reduced growth, fertility, and increased morbidity. The use of functional feed additives is a potential strategy to alleviate these negative effects. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate nutritional strategies to improve growth in pigs during key malleable periods. Three nutritional studies were conducted to determine the optimal inclusion levels of calcium phosphate, energy, and protein in the diet to maximize neonatal muscle growth. Satellite cells are muscle-specific stem cells that help facilitate the growth of muscle. Altering the ability of satellite cells to proliferate and fuse impairs the ability of muscle to grow and repair. Adequate dietary calcium phosphate was most efficient for satellite cell function. Excess protein diets enhanced body and muscle growth, while deficient protein was detrimental to growth. Dietary protein treatments altered energy metabolism genes, and genes regulating protein degradation were upregulated in deficient protein diets. Dietary energy levels did not influence body weight, however, feed efficiency improved with energy balance. Satellite cells from excess energy diets had the lowest fusion rates. These data suggest that nutrient inclusion levels are important for satellite cell function and growth. The final study sought to discern the ability of the supplementation of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on pig performance. Heat stress leads to increased body temperature and respiration and was detrimental to metabolic flexibility. Supplementation helped improve feed efficiency and maintain metabolic flexibility. These data indicate that supplementation may be an efficient strategy to mitigate heat stress.
Ramos, Monica Freiman de Souza. "Desenvolvimento de microcápsulas contendo a fração volátil de copaíba por \'spray-drying\': estudo de estabilidade e avaliação farmacológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60131/tde-16012007-151928/.
Full textThe oilresin of copaiba is extensively used in different regions of Brazil, especially in the Amazon region. Its healing and anti-inflammatory activities are widely known in folk medicine. However, descriptions of these activities and the indication of the compound responsible for these activities are rare in the literature. The objective of the present study was to optimize the derivation of the volatile fraction of the oilresin of copaiba by vapor extraction, its microencapsulation in Arabic gum by atomization and drying with a spray-dryer, and chemical, morphological and pharmacological evaluation (anti-inflammatory activity in vivo). The volatile fraction represented 4.5% of the oilresin, with beta-caryophyllene (70%) and alfa-humulene (8.7%) being its major constituents. The efficiency of the microencapsulation process of the volatile fraction in Arabic gum was on average 95%. The study of stability of the free and microencapsulated volatile fraction at the temperature of 25oC and 40oC in the presence of 50% humidity showed that beta-caryophyllene underwent oxidation, mainly generating caryophyllene oxide and, to a lesser extent, other oxygenated compounds. Microencapsulation of the volatile fraction minimized but did not prevent oxidation and loss of mass. The in vivo assays of pharmacological activity showed that the volatile fraction significantly inhibited the acute inflammatory process induced by carrageenan or zymosan, with an ED50 of 32 mg/kg. The microencapsulated fraction inhibited the inflammatory response to the same extent as did the free volatile fraction, showing that the microencapsulation process did not alter the activity, a fact that permits its use as a pharmaceutical or intermediate form in the preparation of other formulations. beta-Caryophyllene at the dose of 32 mg/kg inhibited the inflammatory response to the same extent as did the volatile fraction, a fact that permits us to attribute to this compound the anti-inflammatory activity observed.
Medeiros, Raquel da Silva. "Estudo da anatomia do lenho e dendrocronologia de árvores de Copaifera multijuga Hayne na Amazônia brasileira e sua relação com o manejo e extração de oleorresina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-10082016-180854/.
Full textThe aiming of this study was to evaluate which factors affect the sustainability of the production of oil resin extraction in Copaifera multijuga trees such wood anatomical structure and growth rings. Among productive and non-productive trees, it was selected 60 trees from a natural population in the A. Ducke Forest Reserve in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil (two distinct groups were chosen 7 and 32 years interval of extractions). For reforested areas 70 trees were chosen in two stands at Tropical Silviculture Station also near Manaus. The oleoresin extraction was monitored during three years in trees of natural populations. It was taken into account DBH, % heartwood, tree ages, time and seasonality. In plantation systems C. multijuga trees were evaluated in relation of their production. From the two study-areas, it was collected radial wood samples in producing and non-producing oilresin trees for wood density (X-ray densitometry), as well anatomical structure of xylem and growth rings. The growth rings were analyzed to study the effect of climatic seasonality, to determine tree ages, the accumulated radial increment and annual rates of tree growth. They also were related to precipitation and temperature of the analyzed period. The results showed that both productive and non-productive trees can generate descendent with these two phenotypes. The oil resin production showed stronger relationship with diameter and % trunk heartwood than age. Interval time between extractions affects directly the production and the best period to collect them is in the rainy season. The oleoresin coloring ranged from colorless to medium brown, with a density of 0,92 g.cm-3 and viscosity of 37,3 MPa/s. Its chemical composition was not associated with age or soil type. β-cariofileno was the major constituent. Trees classified as productive differ to non productive in their wood anatomy only by largest vessel diameters shown in productive trees. All C. multijuga trees produce oleoresin, however not all of them are productive. The oleoresin synthesized in the epithelial cells of the secretory channels is transported and stored in the vessels of the heartwood by the radial parenchyma.The radial profile of wood density of C. multijuga trees allows the demarcation of growth ring limits, indicating a gradual increase in the pith-bark and 0,74 g.cm-3 mean apparent density. Dendrocronological analysis proved that growth rings has been formed annually. It was observed 108 years-old C. multijuga trees in natural population. Precipitation has more influence in tree growth than temperature. Finally, growth ring analysis showed that annual growth increment of trunk radius in natural population and plantations were 0,24 and 0,31 cm, respectively.
Barbosa, Paula Cristina Souza. "Padronização de óleos de Copaifera multijuga hayne por meio de técnicas cromatográficas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3340.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As árvores do gênero Copaifera (Leguminosae), conhecidas popularmente como copaibeiras, exsudam um óleo-resina extensamente utilizado na medicina popular e por indústrias farmacêuticas e de cosméticos, devido às suas atividades cicatrizante e anti-inflamatória. Quimicamente, esses óleos se caracterizam pela presença de hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos, sesquiterpenos oxigenados e ácidos diterpênicos. No entanto, a composição química desses óleos-resina é variável e ainda não se tem conhecimento dos fatores que as determinam, embora vários fatores bióticos e abióticos sejam considerados fontes dessa variação. Essa variação dificulta a padronização da composição química desses óleos, comprometendo seu controle de qualidade e consequentemente a qualidade dos produtos a que darão origem, fato que tem causado um grande entrave à sua maior aplicação e comercialização. Essa variabilidade em sua composição química já é bastante conhecida e relatada na literatura, mas a maioria dos estudos realizados têm se restringido a caracterizar quimicamente o óleo-resina e poucos tem se preocupado em estudar as causas dessas variações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar a composição química dos óleos de copaíba por meio de técnicas de cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à detectores de ionização de chama (CG-DIC) e espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e cromatografia em fase gasosa bidimensional abrangente (CGXCG); analisar estatisticamente a influência de fatores abióticos como sazonalidade, tipo de solo e diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), além da infestação por cupins, sobre a composição química desses óleos. Além disso, foram comparados 5 métodos de esterificação dos ácidos diterpênicos presentes nos óleos de copaíba envolvendo catálise ácida, que utilizam BF3/MeOH, H2SO4/MeOH e HCl/MeOH, levando-se em consideração suas eficiências e frequências analíticas, além do consumo e toxicidade dos reagentes utilizados, relação custo benefício e, principalmente, a possibilidade de alteração/degradação da estrutura dos constituintes quando aplicados em óleos de copaíba. Para isso foram obtidos óleos de copaíba de 3 coletas: em novembro de 2004 e novembro de 2005 (épocas consideradas secas) e em maio de 2005 (época considerada chuvosa). No total, 43 amostras de óleo-resina de copaíba foram coletadas na Reserva Ducke (Manaus-AM), de 33 espécimes diferentes, que possuíam diferentes DAP s e se encontravam em diferentes tipos de solo. As análises por CG-DIC e CG-EM permitiram a identificação de 35 constituintes: sendo 22 hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos, 9 sesquiterpenos oxigenados e 4 ácidos diterpênicos. Enquanto a análise por CGxCG permitiu a identificação de outros 13 sesquiterpenos, além de 7 monoterpenos, inéditos em óleos-resina de copaíba. O β-cariofileno e seu óxido foram os constituintes majoritários em 29 e 11 amostras, respectivamente. As análises hierárquica por agrupamento (HCA) e de componentes principais (PCA) evidenciaram a existência de dois grupos distintos com diferentes perfis cromatográficos, em que foi comprovada apenas a influência do tipo de solo, sobre a composição química desses óleos. Outros fatores analisados como sazonalidade, DAP e infestação por cupins, não tiveram influência sobre a composição química dos óleos-resina de copaíba. Quanto aos métodos de esterificação, as análises das 5 metodologias testadas, apesar de terem sido reprodutíveis, não se mostraram eficientes, ao passo que não permitiram a identificação dos constituintes formados e levaram à formação de artefatos.
Faria, Maria Juíva Marques de. "Oleorresina de Copaifera spp.: caracterização, verificação da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro e avaliação preliminar de uma formulação em vacas leiteiras com mastite." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3939.
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Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory/infectious process of the mammary gland, its etiology is complex and multivariate. The most common mastitis has bacterial origin. Because of the high cost to treat this disease, and the bacterial resistance to antibiotics, beyond the losses due to the milk discard or the presence of drug residues in milk, studies are necessary to find out alternative methods to circumvent these problematic. The medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity have been making room in veterinary medicine with the objective to reduce the impact and the use of drugs indiscriminately, as well as maintain the integrity of the animal and control the dissemination of resistant bacterial lineage. Therefore, the aim of this work was characterize the oleoresin Copaifera spp., verify the antimicrobial activity in vitro of oleoresin and essential oil of Copaifera spp. in combating against aerobic and facultative isolated bacteria from cows’ milk with subclinical grade III mastitis diagnostic and evaluate preliminarily, in vivo, phytotherapic formulation composed of Copaifera spp. The tests for characterization of the oleoresin, confirmed its authenticity and quality, considered appropriate for use. The analyzes performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electrospray ionization Fourier transformed íonic cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) identified sesquiterpenes and diterpenes present in the essential oil and oleoresin of Copaifera spp., respectively. The technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for sesquiterpenes, especially for β-caryophyllene, can be used in quality control of essential oil and oleoresin of Copaifera spp., as well as in phytotherapic formulation using oleoresin of Copaifera spp. The oleoresin showed better antimicrobial activity than the essential oil of Copaifera spp. (ρ<0,0001) in combating the 55 isolated bacteria. The antibiogram test of the three phytotherapic formulations demonstrated that the oleoresin had antimicrobial activity against the isolated microorganisms. The preliminary evaluation, in vivo, of a phytotherapic formulation containing 20% oleoresin of copaiba was neither effective nor safe, because it intensified the inflammatory process, requiring further tests, such as cytotoxicity and irritability of the raw material plant and of the vehicle used. Key words: Bovine Mastitis. Oleoresin. Essential Oil. Copaifera spp. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. ESI FT-ICR MS.
Mastite bovina é um processo inflamatório/infeccioso da glândula mamária, de etiologia complexa e multivariada, sendo a de origem bacteriana a mais frequente. Devido aos elevados custos dos tratamentos dessa enfermidade, resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos, além dos prejuízos inerentes ao descarte do leite ou à presença de resíduos de medicamentos no mesmo, faz-se necessário estudos que busquem métodos alternativos para contornar essa problemática. As plantas medicinais com potencial antimicrobiano vêm ganhando espaço na medicina veterinária com o objetivo de reduzir o impacto e o uso de medicamentos de forma indiscriminada, bem como manter a integridade do animal e controlar a disseminação de linhagens bacterianas resistentes. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a oleorresina de Copaifera spp., verificar atividade antimicrobiana in vitro da oleorresina e do óleo essencial de Copaifera spp. frente às bactérias aeróbias e facultativas isoladas de leite de vacas diagnosticadas com mastite subclínica grau III e avaliar preliminarmente, in vivo, formulação fitoterápica à base de Copaifera spp. Os testes de caracterização da oleorresina de Copaifera spp. demonstraram sua autenticidade e qualidade, a qual foi considerada adequada para o uso. As análises realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) e por espectrometria de massas com ionização por electrospray de ressonância ciclotrônica de íons por transformada de Fourier (ESI FT-ICR MS) identificaram os sesquiterpenos e diterpenos presentes no óleo essencial e na oleorresina de Copaifera spp., respectivamente. A técnica Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) para sesquiterpenos, em especial para β-cariofileno, pode ser utilizada no controle de qualidade de oleorresina e óleo essencial de Copaifera spp., bem como em formulação fitoterápica utilizando oleorresina de Copaifera spp. como matéria-prima vegetal. A oleorresina apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana do que o óleo essencial de Copaifera spp. (ρ<0,0001) frente às 55 bactérias isoladas. O teste de antibiograma das três formulações fitoterápicas demonstrou que a oleorresina de copaíba reproduziu a sua atividade antimicrobiana frente aos micro-organismos isolados. A avaliação preliminar, in vivo, de uma formulação fitoterápica contendo 20% oleorresina de copaíba não foi eficaz e nem segura, pois intensificou o processo inflamatório, havendo necessidade de testes futuros, como de citotoxicidade e de irritabilidade dessa matéria-prima vegetal e do veículo utilizado.
Aleksandra, Tepić. "Karakteristike oleorizina mlevene začinske paprike dobijenog klasičnom i ekstrakcijom superkritičnim ugljen-dioksidom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71273&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe aim of the work was to investigate the influence ofdifferent extraction methods (conventional extraction usingorganic solvent and supercritical carbon-dioxide extraction)to qualitative and quantitative pigment content, fatty acidcontent and antioxidant properties of oleoresins. As therehave been significant production and processing capacities ofspice pepper in Vojvodina, the results of these investigationswill give a closer insight into the kinetics of different types ofextraction and conditions for obtaining the high qualityproduct.
Wang, San-Pei, and 王姍佩. "Inhibitory mechanism of sweet potato leaves oleoresins on the mutagenicity of IQ." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23681591056599590200.
Full text國立中興大學
食品科學系
84
The objectives of the study were to investigate the anti-mutagenic activities as well as the mechanisms and the major compounds of antimutagenicity of Taiwan endemic vegetables --- sweet potato leaves. Three cultivar of sweet potato leaves , Water Convolvuius Species ,Taur Yuan Sheuan No 1. and Peng Hwa Horng Shin Woei were extracted with eight kinds of solvents with different polarity . The oleoresins were examined using the Ames / microsomal test with Salmonella typhymurium TA98 and TA100 for toxicity , muta-genicity and antimutagenicity against the direct - acting mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) and the indirect-acting muta-genicity of 2 - amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f ] quinoline ( IQ ). All the oleoresins showed no toxicity and mutagenicity with or without S9 mix and exhibited considerable inhibitory effects on the muta-genicity of 4NQO and IQ in assay systems .The antimutagenicity of n-hexane oleoresin was the highest and that of ethanol oleoresin was the lowest. The inhibitory effect of n-hexane extracted sweet potato leaves oleoresin on the genotoxicity of IQ was evaluated using the SOS chromotest with E.coli PQ 37 , and the result showed that n-hexane oleoresin had no genotoxicity and markedly decreaed the muta-genicity of IQ in a dose -dependent manner in the assay systems . Furthermore , the mechanism of antimutagenicity of n-hexane oleoresin was elucidated , and the result showed that the major suppressive effect of n-hexane oleoresin on the mutagenicity of IQ was desmutagenicity , and that it was direct interaction with N-hydroxy-IQ . The antimutagenic compounds in n-hexane oleoresin was purified and determined by TLC and HPLC . The result showed that six chlorophylls and seven carotenoids were isolated and identified as (-carotene ,pheophytin a , pheophytin b , chlorophyll a( , chlorophyll a ,chlorophyll b , chlorophyll b( , cis-lutein , lutein , lutein epoxide ,Violeoxanthin , Vioxantin , Neoxanthin , and one unknown compounds . Among the fourteen pigments isolated from n-hexane oleoresin , the highest antimutagenicity lies in pheophytin b ( ID50=1.65μg / plate ) . Though it was much lower than that of n-hexane oleoresin (ID50=1.02μg/ plate ) it revealed that the higher antimutagenicity of n-hexane oleoresin was expressed by the mutual interaction of all pigments .
Chen, Shun Li, and 陳順利. "Studies on the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of onion and shallot oleoresins/oils." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26971867444023197772.
Full textCHEN, YI-CHUN, and 陳怡君. "Ⅰ:Studies on the properties and volatile compounds of onion and shallot oleoresins Ⅱ:Studies on the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of onion and shallot cleoresins." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77311173952595014120.
Full textCHEN, JUN-YE, and 陳俊曄. "Studies on ginger oleoresin microcapsules." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29403718289931308316.
Full textLIN, SHIN-YI, and 林心怡. "Preparation and properties of shallot oleoresin microcapsules." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41397085099357407818.
Full textMoonaisur, Nishanie. "Stability of curcuminoids in turmeric oleoresin : effects of light exposure antioxidants and metal chelation." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57263.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Food Science
MSc
Unrestricted
CHEN, JIA-HUI, and 陳佳慧. "Studies on the volatile compounds of essential oil and oleoresin from green onion (Allium fistulosum L.)." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64056665384741013423.
Full textJheng, Meng-Fen, and 鄭孟芬. "Preparation and stability of paprika oleoresin complex in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronic acid, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and cyclodextrin." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85223256308046019514.
Full text國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
99
Food colorants can be divided into synthetic and natural colorants. The synthetic colorants are found more dangerous and poisonous than natural colorants for human body. Therefore, the natural colorants have been rapidly developed for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Paprika oleoresin, the main component of chili, is a natural red colorant. This study firstly extracted capsaicin from chili fruits under alkaline conditions. Paprika pigments were dissolved in acetone from chili skin. The oil-soluble paprika pigments and water-soluble paprika pigments was separated by HP-2MG column. The color value (E_1cm^(1%)) of oil- soluble paprika pigments and water-soluble paprika pigments were 174 and 47. The paprika pigments are very easy to be faded by environmental factors. Then, the polymer and cyclodextrin were used as a stabilizer to increase resistance of the discoloration. The water-soluble complexes were prepared with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and cyclodextrin (CD) to improve the stability and water solubility of oil-soluble paprika pigments. The polymers or cyclodextrin were dissolved in water. The solution of oil-soluble paprika pigments dissolved in acetone was added to the aqueous polymer solution. The water-soluble paprika complexes can be obtained after acetone was evaporated. From the color destruction of sun light, heat, and pH stability tests of the four complexes which were examined by UV/Vis and FTIR, the CMC paprika complex shows a much better result than the others. The rate of color destruction for CMC paprika complex was a first order kinetics in the sun light and heating conditions.
Pang, Jie, and 龎潔. "The Effect of Oleoresin Paprika and Other Dietary Carotenoids and 17α-methyltestosterone on The Coloration and Growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6t67jc.
Full text國立高雄海洋科技大學
水產養殖研究所
102
This study evaluated the effects of carotenoids and methyltestosterone on the coloration and growth of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Dietary supplemented with three pigment sources: Arthrospira platensis (10g/kg, AP diet ), oleoresin paprika (10g/kg, OP diet ) and astaxanthin (0.2g/kg, AS diet ). The control diet (CO diet) was no supplementation pigments. In addition, four above-mentioned diets were added with methyltestosterone (10mg/kg) as MAP, MOP, MAS, ME diets. And used different concentrations (0g/kg、10g/kg、20g/kg、30g/kg、50g/kg) of oleoresin paprika to feed red tilapia to verify the optimum dose.After a 60-day feeding trial, compare the coloration and growth of each group. The results suggest that, red tilapia fed with AP and MAP diet had the highest SGR% and final weight. Most diets add 17α-methyltestosterone were no significant difference of SGR%. OP、MOP diet and AS、MAS diet have a similar effect of coloration. Diets without 17α-methyltestosterone , fish fed with diets that added with oleoresin paprika have a greater impact than that added with astaxanthin. Diets added different concentrations of oleoresin paprika were no significant difference of SGR%, and with increasing concentrations, the coloration have a positive impact. This research demonstrated that red tilapia coloration can be modified by supplementing the diet with oleoresin paprika.
"Oleoresin Capsicum: An Analysis Of The Implementation Of Pepper Spray Into The Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum In A Selected Police Department." East Tennessee State University, 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0608103-191129/.
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