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Journal articles on the topic 'Olfactory tract'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Saw, Chia, Noel David Friesen, and Anthony Bartley. "An Extremely Rare Cause of Isolated Congenital Anosmia." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2022 (July 7, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9692716.

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A 14-year-old adolescent was referred to a regional paediatric outpatient clinic with anosmia by her family doctor in Western Australia. The patient has no recollection of her previous ability to smell, suggesting the possibility of congenital anosmia. She was assessed in the paediatric outpatient clinic. A “noncontrast high-resolution MRI-brain scan with Anosmia-Protocol” was requested as the first-line investigation of choice by the treating paediatrician. The MRI was reported as “absence of olfactory tracts with preserved olfactory bulb volume.” We report an extremely rare case of “isolated

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2

Sato, Masanori, Namio Kodama, Tatsuya Sasaki, and Mamoru Ohta. "Olfactory evoked potentials: experimental and clinical studies." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 6 (1996): 1122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.6.1122.

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✓ Olfactory evoked potentials (OEPs), obtained by electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa, were recorded in dogs and humans to develop an objective method for evaluating olfactory functions. In dogs, OEPs were recorded from the olfactory tract and the scalp. The latency of the first negative peak was approximately 40 msec. A response was not obtained after stimulation of the nasal mucosa and disappeared after sectioning of the olfactory nerve. With increasing frequencies of repetitive stimulation, the amplitude was reduced, suggesting that the response was synaptically mediated. These r

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3

Aguiar, Paulo H., Guilherme A. Pulici, Leonardo O. Lourenco, Juan A. C. Flores, and Valter A. Cescato. "Preservation of the olfactory tract in bifrontal craniotomy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60, no. 1 (2002): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2002000100003.

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The bifrontal craniotomy approach used to be associated with a high percentage of olfactory tract damage. We present our experience with this technique, that was used with excellent results in a series of 11 patients that underwent the surgical approach described in this paper. We support the idea that bilateral subfrontal craniotomy allows a wide operative exposure as well as the complete anatomic and functional preservation of the olfactory tracts bilaterally.

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Kelkar, Prashant S., Mohamad R. Chaaban, Beverly C. Walters, Bradford A. Woodworth, John P. Deveikis, and Mark R. Harrigan. "Resolution of Diminished Olfactory Sensation After Treatment of Bilateral Ophthalmic Segment Aneurysms With Flow Diversion." Neurosurgery 74, no. 2 (2013): E226—E229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000127.

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Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Olfactory tract dysfunction due to an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is rare. We present a case in which a patient with impaired olfaction related to bilateral internal carotid artery aneurysms experienced subjective and quantitative objective improvement of olfactory sensation after treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms with flow diversion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old woman presented with hyposmia and bilateral ophthalmic segment internal carotid artery aneurysms. The symptom of hyposmia, worsening over a period of several months, was suspect

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5

Zippel, Hans Peter. "In goldfish the discriminative ability for odours persists after reduction of the olfactory epithelium, and rapidly returns after olfactory nerve axotomy and crossing bulbs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (2000): 1219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0671.

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Goldfish are ideal vertebrates for the study of regeneration within the peripheral and the central olfactory system. The present behavioural investigations studied the effects of bilateral lesions on the animals' ability to qualitatively discriminate two amino acids (107 -6 M) and their performance in two more difficult tasks: (i) rewarded amino acid applied in a lower concentration, and (ii) rewarded stimulus contaminated. A 50 and 85% reduction of the olfactory epithelium resulted in no recordable behavioural deficit. After axotomy of olfactory nerves and lateral olfactory tractotomy, fishes

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6

Min, Hyun Jin. "Pharmacologic therapy of olfaction disroders induced by COVID-19 upper respiratory infection." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 9 (2020): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.9.561.

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Postviral olfactory disorder refers to the sensorineural olfactory loss caused by upper respiratory tract infections. With the increasing awareness of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction as a potential early symptom of coronavirus disease 2019, postviral olfactory disorder has been attracting much attention. Postviral olfactory disorder is the most common type of olfactory disorder, especially among women aged over 50 years. Systemic or topical corticosteroids have commonly been used for treating this disorder, but the mechanism of corticosteroid action is unclear. Other medical treatment optio

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7

Christen-Zaech, S., R. Kraftsik, O. Pillevuit, et al. "Early Olfactory Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 30, no. 1 (2003): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002389.

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Background:In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the olfactory system, including the olfactory bulb, a limbic paleocortex is severely damaged. The occurrence of early olfactory deficits and the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in olfactory bulb were reported previously by a few authors. The goal of the present study was to analyze the occurrence of AD-type degenerative changes in the peripheral part of the olfactory system and to answer the question whether the frequency and severity of changes in the olfactory bulb and tract are associated with those of the cerebral cortex in AD.M

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8

Patel, Kalpana, Julia A. B. Nash, Akira Itoh, Zhe Liu, Vasi Sundaresan, and Adrian Pini. "Slit proteins are not dominant chemorepellents for olfactory tract and spinal motor axons." Development 128, no. 24 (2001): 5031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.24.5031.

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Members of the Slit family are large extracellular glycoproteins that may function as chemorepellents in axon guidance and neuronal cell migration. Their actions are mediated through members of the Robo family that act as their receptors. In vertebrates, Slit causes chemorepulsion of embryonic olfactory tract, spinal motor, hippocampal and retinal ganglion cell axons. Since Slits are expressed in the septum and floor plate during the period when these tissues cause chemorepulsion of olfactory tract and spinal motor axons respectively, it has been proposed that Slits function as guidance cues.

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9

Gil-Carcedo, Luis Maria, Luis A. Vallejo, and Elisa Gil-Carcedo. "Structure of the Principal Olfactory Tract." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 2 (1997): P140—P141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989780266-5.

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10

Dammalli, Manjunath, Gourav Dey, Manish Kumar, et al. "Proteomics of the Human Olfactory Tract." OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 22, no. 1 (2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/omi.2017.0155.

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11

Gil-Carcedo, Luis Maria, Luis Angel Vallejo, and Elisa Gil-Carcedo. "Structure of the principal olfactory tract." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 1 (2000): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70161-6.

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12

GILCARCEDO, L., L. VALLEJO, and E. GILCARCEDO. "Structure of the principal olfactory tract." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 2 (1997): P140—P141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)80266-5.

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13

Wilson, S. W., L. S. Ross, T. Parrett, and S. S. Easter. "The development of a simple scaffold of axon tracts in the brain of the embryonic zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio." Development 108, no. 1 (1990): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.108.1.121.

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We have examined neuronal differentiation and the formation of axon tracts in the embryonic forebrain and midbrain of the zebrafish, between 1 and 2 days postfertilisation. Axons were visualised with three techniques; immunocytochemistry (using HNK-1 and antiacetylated tubulin antibodies) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling in whole-mounted brains, and transmission electron microscopy. Differentiation was monitored by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These independent methods demonstrated that a simple grid of tracts and commissures forms the initial axon scaffold

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14

Miwa, Isao Horikawa, Naoki Uramoto,, Takaki. "TrkA Expression in Mouse Olfactory Tract following Axotomy of Olfactory Nerves." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 118, no. 539 (1998): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489850182198.

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15

Slotnick, Burton M., and Frances W. Schoonover. "Olfactory sensitivity of rats with transection of the lateral olfactory tract." Brain Research 616, no. 1-2 (1993): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)90201-w.

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16

Yamatani, Hitoshi, Yasufumi Sato, Hajime Fujisawa, and Tatsumi Hirata. "Chronotopic organization of olfactory bulb axons in the lateral olfactory tract." Journal of Comparative Neurology 475, no. 2 (2004): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.20155.

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17

Okada, Shigenori, and Dean E. Schraufnagel. "Microvasculature of the Olfactory Organ in the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 8, no. 3 (2002): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927602020081.

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Olfaction is an important and primitive sense. As its importance has changed with evolution, anatomic adjustments have occurred in its structure and vasculature. Primates are a family of vertebrates that have had to develop their visual system to adapt to the arboreal environment and have evolved from a macrosmatic to a microsmatic species as the optic system has enlarged. This has resulted in anatomic changes of a small but critical area at the base of the brain. This paper describes the three-dimensional vascular anatomy of the olfactory organ of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata).

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18

Moor, J. W., A. Rafferty, and S. Sood. "Can laryngectomees smell? Considerations regarding olfactory rehabilitation following total laryngectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 4 (2010): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109992489.

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AbstractTotal laryngectomy is performed for patients with advanced malignancy of the larynx and pharynx, and disconnects the nose and mouth from the lower respiratory tract. Rehabilitation of olfactory function in these patients is often neglected, despite recognition that anosmia and hyposmia are common and can readily be addressed. This paper reviews the literature concerning olfactory loss post-laryngectomy, methods of olfactory rehabilitation, assessment of olfactory function and quality of life issues.

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19

Kirazlı, Özlem, Hatice Efekan, Mehmet Acinikli, et al. "Effect of 6-OHDA growth hormone on the calcium binding proteins located in the bulbus olfactorius in Parkinson model rats." Marmara Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1627842.

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Objective: Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. One of the earliest signs is hyposmia which may appear in the premotor period resulting from the alpha-synucleinopathy that affects the neurons along the olfactory pathway. Growth hormone (GH) stimulates cell growth and regeneration. The recovery of neuronal functions may be correlated with the GHs. Calretinin can buffer calcium when intracellular calcium levels increase. This study aims to investigate the effect of GH on calretininpositive neurons in the olfactory bulb of Parkinsonian rats. Materials and Metho

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20

Lachén-Montes, Mercedes, Naroa Mendizuri, Karina Ausin, et al. "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Is Accompanied by Protein Derangements in the Olfactory Bulb-Tract Axis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218311.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by progressive muscle paralysis due to the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Recent studies point out an involvement of the non-motor axis during disease progression. Despite smell impairment being considered a potential non-motor finding in ALS, the pathobiochemistry at the olfactory level remains unknown. Here, we applied an olfactory quantitative proteotyping approach to analyze the magnitude of the olfactory bulb (OB) proteostatic imbalance in ALS subjects (n = 12) with respect to controls (n = 8). Around 3%

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21

Machado, Alvaro, Joao Soares-Fernandes, and Manuel Ribeiro. "Septo-optic dysplasia with olfactory tract hypoplasia." Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 4, no. 1 (2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.49112.

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22

Sakamoto, Michio, Kumiko Yokouchi, Yasuyuki Sekiguchi, Kyutaro Kawagishi, Nanae Fukusima, and Tetsuji Moriizumi. "Spontaneous regeneration of the lateral olfactory tract." Neuroscience Research 65 (January 2009): S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.928.

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23

Duprez, Thierry P., and Philippe Rombaux. "Imaging the olfactory tract (Cranial Nerve #1)." European Journal of Radiology 74, no. 2 (2010): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.05.065.

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24

Geißler, K., H. Reimann, H. Gudziol, T. Bitter, and O. Guntinas-Lichius. "Olfactory training for patients with olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infections." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 271, no. 6 (2013): 1557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-013-2747-y.

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25

Nakashima, Tadashi, Charles P. Kimmelman, and James B. Snow. "Immunohistopathologic Analysis of Olfactory Degeneration Caused by Ischemia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 93, no. 1 (1985): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988509300109.

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The development of olfactory dysfunction caused by ischemia was studied in Mongolian gerbils. Mongolian gerbils frequently have an anomaly of the cerebral circulation and are susceptible to brain ischemia or infarction following ligation of a single common carotid artery. Ischemia was induced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation or temporary occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and the olfactory pathway was examined. In the olfactory pathway of the forebrain, ischemic changes were observed in the lateral olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, olfactory ventricle, and anterior olfac

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Sarnat, Harvey B., and Laura Flores-Sarnat. "Olfactory Development, Part 2: Neuroanatomic Maturation and Dysgeneses." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 6 (2017): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816685192.

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Olfactory axons project from nasal epithelium to the primitive telencephalon before olfactory bulbs form. Olfactory bulb neurons do not differentiate in situ but arrive via the rostral migratory stream. Synaptic glomeruli and concentric laminar architecture are unlike other cortices. Fetal olfactory maturation of neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelination remains incomplete at term and have a protracted course of postnatal development. The olfactory ventricular recess involutes postnatally but dilates in congenital hydrocephalus. Olfactory bulb, tract and epithelium are reposito

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Tsuji, Takehisa, Masamitsu Abe, and Kazuo Tabuchi. "Aneurysm of a persistent primitive olfactory artery." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 1 (1995): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.1.0138.

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✓ A ruptured anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm is reported in a patient in whom an anomalous ACA arose from the internal carotid artery at the bifurcation. The aberrant artery coursed anteriorly along the ipsilateral olfactory tract and made a hairpin turn posterior to the olfactory bulb, supplying the circulation of the ACA. Persistence of the primitive olfactory artery is suggested as an embryological origin of this vascular anomaly.

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Naghynajadfard, Maryam. "Delayed Xenograft Transplantation of Mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Adult Rats." SciMedicine Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2022-04-02-01.

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Regeneration of the central nervous system after injury using appropriate cells for transplantation is a controversial issue. Accessibility of allograft olfactory ensheathing cells to transplant in the spinal cord of patients is not applicable. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to xenotransplant cells from mouse into a corticospinal tract lesion in a rat in order to achieve a plausible preclinical approach for future application to a clinical study. Adult rats were trained to use their forepaws for retrieving. The dorsal corticospinal tract was lesioned by a stereotactic radio

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Jotdar, Arijit. "Chronological sequence of Otorhinolaryngology manifestations in COVID 19: A study among health care workers." UP STATE JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY VOLUME 10, ISSUE II (2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36611/10.36611/upjohns/volume10/issue2/4.

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Introduction:Being the first line of defence against the deadly pandemic of COVID 19, healthcare workers are always at an increased risk of acquiring the infection. Olfactory, gustatory, and upper respiratory tract symptoms constitute a significant proportion of the clinical presentation of COVID 19. But the chronology of the appearance of the symptoms is not well documented in the literature. Materials and methods:We present a prospective case series of seven healthcare workers of our institution who had contracted SARS-CoV2 infection during the second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic in India.

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Qiao, Xiao-Feng, Yin-Huan Bai, Guo-Ping Wang, Xin Li, and Wei Zheng. "Clinical effects of two combinations of olfactory agents on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection during olfactory training." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 1 (2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.1.18.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To compare two combinations of olfactory agents for olfactory training therapy of olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and investigate the influencing factors on clinical effects. METHODS 125 patients with olfactory dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups: test and control. During the olfactory training, four odors were used in both groups. The olfactory training lasted for 24 weeks. Then, participants were tested using Sniffin’ Sticks and threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) composite scoring before treatment and at 1, 3, an

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Kitazawa, Hiromasa, Takeshi Yagi, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Hiroaki Niki, and Nobufumi Kawai. "Abnormal Synaptic Transmission in the Olfactory Bulb of Fyn-Kinase–Deficient Mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (1998): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.137.

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Kitazawa, Hiromasa, Takeshi Yagi, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Hiroaki Niki, and Nobufumi Kawai. Abnormal synaptic transmission in the olfactory bulb of Fyn-kinase–deficient mice. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 137–142, 1998. We studied synaptic transmission in the granule cells in the olfactory bulb of the homozygous Fyn (a nonreceptor type tyrosine kinase)-deficient ( fyn z/ fyn z) and heterozygous Fyn-deficient (+/ fyn z) mice by using slice preparations from the olfactory bulb. Stimulation to the lateral olfactory tract and/or centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb evoked field excitatory postsynaptic poten

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Subramanian, Subramanian, Deepa Soundara Rajan, Jenna Gaesser, Cecilia Wen-Ya Lo, and Ashok Panigrahy. "Olfactory bulb and olfactory tract abnormalities in acrocallosal syndrome and Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome." Pediatric Radiology 49, no. 10 (2019): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04480-8.

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Skorpil, Mikael, Tyler Rolheiser, Harold Robertson, Anders Sundin, and Per Svenningsson. "Diffusion tensor fiber tractography of the olfactory tract." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 29, no. 2 (2011): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2010.07.004.

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Weigang, Wang, and Nan Ye. "Research Progress on Acupuncture in the Treatment of Olfactory Disorders after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection." Modern Health Science 8, no. 2 (2025): p60. https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v8n2p60.

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Olfactory disorder after upper respiratory tract infection is a common clinical condition, which is mainly manifested as loss or loss of sense of smell, which not only affects people's quality of life, but also may bring potential safety hazards due to the inability to accurately identify harmful gases, such as natural gas leakage and fire warning. In recent years, acupuncture, as a characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, has shown unique advantages in the treatment of this disease because of its safety, effectiveness, and few side effects. This article reviews the research pro

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Sonawane, Monali, Aruna Mukherjee, and Pravin Rathod. "CORPORA AMYLAECIA DEPOSITION IN THE OLFACTORY BULB AND TRACT IN AGEING AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 3.1 (2018): 5445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.229.

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Carcaud, Julie, Thomas Hill, Martin Giurfa, and Jean-Christophe Sandoz. "Differential coding by two olfactory subsystems in the honeybee brain." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 4 (2012): 1106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01034.2011.

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Sensory systems use parallel processing to extract and process different features of environmental stimuli. Parallel processing has been studied in the auditory, visual, and somatosensory systems, but equivalent research in the olfactory modality is scarce. The honeybee Apis mellifera is an interesting model for such research as its relatively simple brain contains a dual olfactory system, with a clear neural dichotomy from the periphery to higher-order centers, based on two main neuronal tracts [medial (m) and lateral (l) antenno-protocerebral tract (APT)]. The function of this dual system is

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Lachén-Montes, Mercedes, Naroa Mendizuri, Domitille Schvartz, Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Jean Charles Sánchez, and Enrique Santamaría. "Proteomic Characterization of the Olfactory Molecular Imbalance in Dementia with Lewy Bodies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176371.

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Olfactory dysfunction is one of the prodromal symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the molecular pathogenesis associated with decreased smell function remains largely undeciphered. We generated quantitative proteome maps to detect molecular alterations in olfactory bulbs (OB) derived from DLB subjects compared to neurologically intact controls. A total of 3214 olfactory proteins were quantified, and 99 proteins showed significant alterations in DLB cases. Protein interaction networks disrupted in DLB indicated an imbalance in translation and the synaptic vesicle cycle. These a

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Dr., Arya Rajagopal1 Dr. Krishna G. Balachandran Nair2 Dr. Vivek George3. "Synchronous Malignancy of Olfactory Neuroblastoma And Carcinoma Breast." International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review 6, no. 06 (2023): 1040–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10152817.

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<strong><u>ABSTRACT</u></strong>: Olfactory Neuroblastoma is a malignant neuroectodermal neoplasm arising from the olfactory membrane/olfactory placode of the sinonasal tract. It is an uncommon malignant neoplasm comprising 3% of all sinonasal tumours. Annual incidence of 4 cases/10 million population, occurs mostly between 5<sup>th</sup> to 6<sup>th</sup> decade of age. We report a case of 28 year old female patient presented with spontaneous episode of epistaxis. On histopathology showed uniform round cells with vesicular nuclei and indistinct borders surrounded by neurofibrillary material a

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Moseman, E. Ashley, Alexa F. Ciesinski, and Dorian B. McGavern. "Long term Immune Residence and Cellular Remodeling Follow Viral Infection of the Olfactory Neuroepithelial Barrier." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 149.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.149.12.

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Abstract Barrier immunity, particularly at mucosal surfaces, provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Unlike the more classical barrier surfaces in the gut, respiratory tract, genital tract, and skin, the olfactory epithelium within the nose is a specialized barrier structure containing layers of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) dedicated to our sense of smell. Because OSNs must contact the nasal airways, they are vulnerable to infection. Upper respiratory viral infection is known to damage the olfactory neuroepithelium and is associated with loss of olfaction. Neurotropic

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Hakeem, Arsheed Hussain, Imtiyaz Hussain Hakeem, and Anubha Garg. "Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 2, no. 3 (2010): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1040.

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Abstract Comprehensive rehabilitation after total laryngectomy is more than just restoration of the voice alone. Due to central position in the upper aerodigestive tract, its removal requires rehabilitation of all three ‘systems’ depending on respiratory airflow, i.e. Voice, Pulmonary and Olfactory functions. Rehabilitation of speech takes preference, but pulmonary and olfactory rehabilitation require multidisciplinary team effort in order to achieve optimal results and good quality of life.

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Lipińska, Paulina, Natalia Tuz-Hrycyna, and Anna Rzepakowska. "Olfactory function after total laryngectomy – the review of rehabilitation efficacy and methods." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 11, no. 1 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7905.

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Total laryngectomy removes the larynx and separates the oral and nasal cavities from the lower respiratory tract. In the process of speech therapy of laryngectomiezed patients, the main element is the voice rehabilitation, and the olfactory functions are often neglected. The work contains contemporary literature review on the methods of olfactory function assessment, techniques of its stimulation and the possibility of monitoring the progress of rehabilitation.

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Stefania, Erra, and Nano B. D. Ennio. "Olfactory neuroblastoma: case report and focus on cancerogenesis." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (2021): 035–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062402.

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<strong>Background</strong>: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx account for a wide spectrum of histotypes. They can range from indolent form to highly aggressive tumors. Olfactory neuroblastoma, like most sino-nasal NENs, represents a rare neoplasm that prompts diagnostic pitfalls. From a morphological perspective, olfactory neuroblastoma can mimic many nasal neoplasms but a proper recognition is mandatory for its aggressive behaviour. <strong>Case presentation:</strong> A case of olfactory neuroblastoma in a 85 years old woman is report

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MELLON, DEFOREST, DAVID C. SANDEMAN, and RENATE E. SANDEMAN. "Characterization of Oscillatory Olfactory Interneurones in the Protocerebrum of the Crayfish." Journal of Experimental Biology 167, no. 1 (1992): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.167.1.15.

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1. We obtained intracellular electrophysiological recordings from local interneurones within the hemi-ellipsoid neuropile of the brain in the freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor and Procambarus clarkii. The recordings were made from perfused, isolated head preparations that provided several indications of a healthy physiological condition. 2. The hemi-ellipsoid interneurones are spontaneously active, generating bursts of action potentials at regular intervals. The inter-burst period differs among neurones, varying from about 1.0 s at the shortest periods to around 30 s for the longest period

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Cardali, Salvatore, Alberto Romano, Filippo Flavio Angileri, et al. "Microsurgical Anatomic Features of the Olfactory Nerve: Relevance to Olfaction Preservation in the Pterional Approach." Operative Neurosurgery 57, suppl_1 (2005): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000144844.72403.7b.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: The pterional approach represents the standard approach for most lesions of the anterior and middle cranial fossa. It requires some degree of frontal lobe retraction, which may result in temporary or permanent damage of olfaction because of nerve avulsion or mechanical compression. The purpose of this study, based on microanatomic dissection of human cadaveric specimens, was to review the microsurgical anatomic features of the nerve and suggest operative nuances that may contribute to reducing the rate of postoperative olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Twenty olfactory nerves

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Jacobs, Sophie, Caroline Zeippen, Fanny Wavreil, Laurent Gillet та Thomas Michiels. "IFN-λ Decreases Murid Herpesvirus-4 Infection of the Olfactory Epithelium but Fails to Prevent Virus Reactivation in the Vaginal Mucosa". Viruses 11, № 8 (2019): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11080757.

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Murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4), a natural gammaherpesvirus of rodents, can infect the mouse through the nasal mucosa, where it targets sustentacular cells and olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium before it propagates to myeloid cells and then to B cells in lymphoid tissues. After establishment of latency in B cells, viral reactivation occurs in the genital tract in 80% of female mice, which can lead to spontaneous sexual transmission to co-housed males. Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) is a key player of the innate immune response at mucosal surfaces and is believed to limit the transmission o

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Jeong, Myeongguk, Hyeokjin Kwon, Yeeun Kim, et al. "Effect of intranasal administration of Erigeron annuus and Carthamus tinctorius extracts in a rat model of olfactory dysfunction induced by 3-methylindole." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325429.

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There are many factors that can cause olfactory dysfunction, including upper respiratory tract viral infections, non-inflammatory respiratory diseases, trauma, and current treatments such as medications and surgery can have adverse effects and may not respond. Therefore, we aimed to develop a natural product-based adjunctive treatment strategy for olfactory dysfunction that is safe and has minimal adverse effects. We investigated the effects of extracts from Erigeron annuus and Carthamus tinctorius, which have demonstrated anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities, on 3

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Madatova, V. "Change in Thrombin Time in Epiphysectomized Animals With Simultaneous Dereception of the Olfactory Bulb." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 2 (2024): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/99/07.

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Despite a comprehensive study of the neuro-reflex and humoral-hormonal mechanism of regulation of the functional blood coagulation system, the role of the epiphysis in the mechanism of regulation of hemostasis is still not fully understood. It has been established that the epiphysis is one of the main transducers that transmit light information to the neurohormonal regulation of functional systems and determine their chronophysiological features. The olfactory tract coming out of the olfactory bulb consists of several bundles that are directed to different parts of the forebrain: the anterior

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Powell, J., M. Reda Elbadawey, and I. Zammit-Maempel. "Does imaging of the olfactory tract change the clinical management of patients with olfactory disturbance? A case series of 100 consecutive patients." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 9 (2014): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114001625.

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AbstractBackground:Isolated olfactory dysfunction is a common complaint; the vast majority of cases are benign and untreatable. A common dilemma is whether to image the olfactory tract of affected patients.Methods:A case review of 100 consecutive patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging for the primary complaint of olfactory dysfunction was performed. Patients with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without nasal polyps, were excluded.Results:Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities that were considered clinically relevant to the presentation of olfactory dysfunction were

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Biella, Gerardo, and Marco de Curtis. "Olfactory Inputs Activate the Medial Entorhinal Cortex Via the Hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 4 (2000): 1924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1924.

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The lateral and medial regions of the entorhinal cortex differ substantially in terms of connectivity and pattern of activation. With regard to olfactory input, a detailed and extensive physiological map of the olfactory projection to the entorhinal cortex is missing, even if anatomic studies suggest that the olfactory afferents are confined to the lateral and rostral entorhinal region. We studied the contribution of the medial and lateral entorhinal areas to olfactory processing by analyzing the responses induced by lateral olfactory tract stimulation in different entorhinal subfields of the

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Goyal, Anjali, Kajalba H. Jhala, Kinjal Damor, and Prahari Upadhyaya. "Olfactory neuroblastoma: A rare case report." IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology 9, no. 2 (2024): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdpo.2024.025.

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Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an uncommon malignant tumor of the sinonasal tract that arises from the olfactory neuroepithelium and exhibits neuroblastic differentiation. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman who complained of epistaxis for 4 months, nasal obstruction, and headaches for 6 months. Upon examination, a mass was identified in the left nasal cavity and confirmed by radiological imaging. Surgical excision was performed, and the tissue specimen was sent for histopathological analysis, which confirmed the diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical markers

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