Academic literature on the topic 'Oliĭ sudi'

The localization of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) as a potential heat risk for the urban population was evaluated. The paper aimed to propose an approach to quantify and localize (SUHI) based on Landsat series TM, ETM+, OLI satellite imageries from the period 1996-2018 and recognize the Atmospheric Urban Heat Island (AUHI) effects from long term temperature measurements. Using the theoretical relation between the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the LST (Land Surface Temperature), SUHIintensity and SUHIrisk maps were created from the combination of LST, NDVI, NDBI using threshold values to localize urban heat island in the Katowice conurbation. Negative values of SUHI intensity characterize areas where there is no vegetation, highly built-up areas, and areas with high surface temperatures. The urban grow – revealed from SUHI – and global climate change are acting together to strengthen the global AUHI effect in the region as the temperature measurements were indicated.

The continuous expansion of impervious artificial surfaces in cities has significantly influenced the urban thermal environment. This paper examines the spatiotemporal variation of the diurnal surface urban heat island (SUHI) in Shanghai from 1989 to 2013, a period during which the city has experienced drastic development changes. A remote sensing approach was taken to derive the spatial patterns of Shanghai’s land surface temperature (LST) from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. The LST pattern was further classified into five LST classes to look at the relative SUHI intensity level across the whole city. Spatial analyses, namely, spatial association and centroid movement analysis, were conducted to reveal the trends of LST changes at both local and holistic scales. To understand the potential drivers for the present spatiotemporal variation of SUHI, different indicators including land use change, population density, night light data, and vegetation were analyzed and compared with LST changes. Based on the quantitative analysis and the socioeconomic context of Shanghai, “heating up” regions were identified, possible reasons for such SUHI variation were summarized, and districts that are most vulnerable to extreme heat conditions were projected. In terms of implication for urban development, planning and design recommendations were suggested to improve the urban thermal environment in Shanghai.

Remote sensing technology plays an increasingly important role in land surface temperature (LST) research. However, various remote sensing data have spatial–temporal scales contradictions. In order to address this problem in LST research, the current study downscaled LST based on three different models (multiple linear regression (MLR), thermal sharpen (TsHARP) and random forest (RF)) from 1 km to 100 m to analyze surface urban heat island (SUHI) in daytime (10:30 a.m.) and nighttime (10:30 p.m.) of four seasons, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/LST products and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). This research used an area (25 × 25 km) of Hangzhou with high spatial heterogeneity as the study area. R2 and RMSE were introduced to evaluate the conversion accuracy. Finally, we compared with similarly retrieved LST to verify the feasibility of the method. The results indicated the following. (1) The RF model was the most suitable to downscale MODIS/LST. The MLR model and the TsHARP model were not applicable for downscaling studies in highly heterogeneous regions. (2) From the time dimension, the prediction precision in summer and winter was clearly higher than that in spring and autumn, and that at night was generally higher than during the day. (3) The SUHI range at night was smaller than that during the day, and was mainly concentrated in the urban center. The SUHI of the research region was strongest in autumn and weakest in winter. (4) The validation results of the error distribution histogram indicated that the MODIS/LST downscaling method based on the RF model is feasible in highly heterogeneous regions.

The progressive nature of urbanization plays a prominent role in land–atmosphere processes, which have corresponding impacts on the general environment. This research investigated the changing patterns of the land use land cover over Osogbo and its environs using remote sensing data obtained from Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI/TIRS sensors. The changes in four land use classes were assessed for the years 1984, 2000 and 2015. The land surface temperature (LST) of the area was estimated from the satellite images covering the study periods, and the surface urban heat island (SUHI) process was also investigated between the city of Osogbo and the surrounding towns. The results showed major urban expansion leading to urban sprawl within the vicinity. Urban area increased by 5106 ha while vegetation decreased by 8653 ha between 1984 and 2015 indicating major variations in the land surface features. This was revealed by the increase in the LST over the locations which ranged between 22.6°C and 30°C (mean, 25.2°C) in 1984 and between 29.3°C and 36.7°C (mean, 31°C) in 2015. The highest SUHI intensity was observed between the major urban area (Osogbo) and least developed towns. The continuous increase in the surface temperature of the environment due to the continuous variations in the land surface properties implies increased risk of heat-related environmental issues such as deterioration of thermal comfort conditions.

Abstract. This study generates a process in GEE (Google Earth Engine) for SUHI (Surface Urban Heat islands) identification derived from TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) and OLI (Operational Land Imager) sensors of Landsat 8 imagery in the area of Stuttgart, Germany. By comparing the temperature images in winter and summer seasons through a regression model, a relation between the Surface Cover (SC), the Terrain Shape (DEM) and the LST (Land Surface Temperature) is established. A Python code is developed for modelling the data and displaying the results linked to GEE. Three different models are used to establish the relationship between different variables (Temperature, Height, Wind etc.). Accuracy/goodness of fit of these models are measured using R-squared and standard error. Results shows that polynomial regression of 3rd order degree fits best to the dataset used in this study. Moreover, it is found that temperature values are not perfect for this study, as Landsat 8 have been acquired at 10’o clock in the morning (local time), whereas night time acquisition (which was not available for Stuttgart, Germany) would be best suited for the study. The results indicate that urban areas and meadow (open areas without vegetation) get the bigger values of temperature. Terrain Shape with respect to height indicates that the bigger the height, the lower the temperature in most of the regions. This project provides insight into the development of applications using a web-based platform and leads to a fast and accurate result for identifying the SUHI effect. It can contribute to the necessity of planning more vegetation areas in order to reduce hot temperature values in Stuttgart.

In Morocco, the phenomena of water erosion cause significant economic losses mainly linked to the silting up of dams, the degradation of equipment and socio-economic infrastructures, the loss of soil productivity and the insecurity of the population. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to estimate the quantities of sediments generated by the various erosive processes at the level of the Ourika watershed. The SWAT modeling, which is done with daily time steps, used as basic data; a Digital Elevation Model GDEM-ASTER (Global Digital Elevation-Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) with 30 m of resolution, a land cover map developed from the Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) satellite image of 2017 with 30 m of resolution and a soil map published by FAO (Harmonized World Soil Database). Also, daily meteorological data from the Tensift Water Basin Agency over a period from 1992 to 2001 were used. The results obtained showed that soil losses due to water erosion in the Ourika watershed reached an average of 9.18 t.ha-1.year-1. The model was calibrated and validated using the SWAT-CUP (SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures) software SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting) and after several simulations and iterations a determination coefficient R2 of 0.76 was obtained.

Peningkatan intensitas pembangunan fisik dan sosial di kawasan perkotaan Samarinda sebagai indikator kemajuan suatu kawasan perkotaan secara tidak langsung berdampak terhadap stabilitas kondisi atmosfer. Fenomena urban heat island sebagai turunan dari dinamika iklim mikro perkotaan sebagai dampak dari pembangunan fisik dan sosial tersebut semakin meluas, sehingga kebutuhan akan teknik monitoring yang efektif dan efisien menjadi sangat penting. Penginderaan jauh mampu melakukan pemantauan dan deteksi titik panas dalam rangka mitigasi dan pengendalian efek urban heat island dalam cakupan wilayah yang luas dengan waktu singkat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian surface urban heat island (SUHI) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial intensitas SUHI di Kota Samarinda. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa integrasi teknik penginderaan jauh dan cloud computing pada Google Earth Engine menggunakan band termal citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS serta analisis statistik citra menggunakan Buffer Boundary Analysis untuk identifikasi potensi terjadinya SUHI di Kota Samarinda. Ekstraksi suhu permukaan diperoleh dari persamaan Planck yang diintegrasikan dengan koreksi atmosfer untuk koreksi emisivitas permukaan menggunakan syntax dengan bahasa Javacript pada Google Earth Engine. Hasil pengolahan menunjukkan adanya potensi SUHI dengan intensitas tinggi dengan nilai 3,001-6,000°C pada radius 5 km dari pusat kota dan intensitas semakin turun seiring radius yang semakin jauh dari pusat kota. Secara administratif, intensitas SUHI tertinggi relatif berada pada kecamatan Samarinda Kota, Samarinda Ilir, dan Samarinda Seberang dengan rentang intensitas SUHI sebesar 1,5001-6,000°C, sementara intensitas SUHI terendah relatif berada pada kecamatan Sungai Kunjang dan Palaran dengan rentang intensitas SUHI sebesar -10,000-1,500°C.

Abstract The Society gratefully acknowledges the time and effort of the following individuals who served as reviewers of abstracts for this meeting: ASH ABSTRACTS COORDINATING REVIEWERS Blanche P. Alter Stephen M. Ansell Ralph B. Arlinghaus Scott Armstrong Asad Bashey Philip Bierman Neil Blumberg Chiara Bonini Dominique Bonnet Jacqueline Boultwood Rena Buckstein John C. Byrd Marc Carrier Lucio H. Castilla Selina Chen-Kiang Nicholas Chiorazzi Jorge Cortes-Franco Claire E. Dearden Mary C. Dinauer Harry Paul Erba Carolyn A. Felix Pierre Fenaux Debra L. Friedman Irene M. Ghobrial Jason R. Gotlib Brandon Hayes-Lattin Cheryl A. Hillery Achille Iolascon Jean-Pierre J. Issa Sundar Jagannath Diane F. Jelinek H. Phillip Koeffler John Koreth Robert J. Kreitman Robert B. Levy David Lillicrap Richard Lottenberg John D. McMannis Mark D. Minden Charles G. Mullighan Arnon Nagler Peter J. Newman Robert Z. Orlowski Antonio Palumbo Julie A. Panepinto Warren S. Pear Sibrand Poppema Barbara Pro Ching-Hon Pui A. Koneti Rao Aaron P. Rapoport Pieter H. Reitsma Douglas D. Ross J. Eric Russell Barbara Savoldo Kirk R. Schultz Radek C. Skoda Marilyn L. Slovak Susan Smyth Hugo ten Cate Herve Tilly John M. Timmerman Ivo Touw Amy J. Wagers Russell E. Ware Catherine J. Wu Virginia M. Zaleskas ASH ABSTRACTS REVIEWERS Camille Abboud Omar Abdel-Wahab Jeremy Abramson Suneet Agarwal Sikander Ailawadhi Onder Alpdogan Andrew Aprikyan Mary Armanios Aneel Ashrani Norio Asou Aglaia Athanassiadou Eyal Attar Mohammad Azam Maria Baer Jorg Baesecke Sarah Ball Karen Ballen Frederic Baron Shannon Bates Minoo Battiwalla Marie Bene Charles Bennett James Berenson Steven Bernstein Francesco Bertoni Monica Bessler Wolfgang Bethge Kapil Bhalla Deepa Bhojwani James Bieker Bruce R. Blazar Annemarie Block David Bodine Catherine Bollard Antonio Bonati Eric Bouhassira Benjamin Braun Christopher Bredeson Patrick Brown Ross Brown Jan Burger Dario Campana Jose Cancelas Paul Carpenter Andrew Carroll James Casella Rebecca Chan Roy Chemaly Benny Chen Jerry Cheng Linzhao Cheng Bruce Cheson Mark Chiang Athar Chishti Hearn Cho Magdalena Chrzanowska-Wodnicka Richard E. Clark Joseph Connors Kenneth Cooke Miguel Cruz Adam Cuker Sandeep Dave Janice Davis Sproul Lucia De Franceschi Philip De Groot Rodney DeKoter Richard Delarue Stephen Devereux Steven Devine Paola Jorge Di Don Diamond Meletios Dimopoulos John DiPersio Angela Dispenzieri Benjamin Djulbegovic Jing-fei Dong James Downing William Drobyski Rafael Duarte Charles Dumontet Kieron Dunleavy Brian Durie Dimitar Efremov Elizabeth Eklund Jonas Emsley Patricia Ernst Andrew Evens Chris Fegan Andrew Feldman Giuliana Ferrari Willem Fibbe Adele Fielding Thoas Fioretos Robert Flaumenhaft Rafael Fonseca James Foran Joseph Frank Janet Franklin Paul Frenette Alan Friedman Terry Fry Saghi Gaffari Naomi Galili Patrick Gallagher Anne Galy David Garcia Randy Gascoyne Cristina Gasparetto Norbert Gattermann Tobias Gedde-Dahl Alan Gewirtz Francis Giles Robert Godal Lucy Godley Ivana Gojo Norbert Gorin Andre Goy Eric Grabowski Steven Grant Timothy Graubert Elizabeth Griffiths H. Leighton Grimes Claudia Haferlach Corinne Haioun Parameswaran Hari Christine Harrison Robert Hasserjian Nyla Heerema Shelly Heimfeld Roland Herzog Elizabeth Hexner Teru Hideshima William H. Hildebrand Gerhard Hildebrandt Devendra Hiwase Karin Hoffmeister Donna Hogge Scott Howard Brian Huntly Hiroto Inaba Baba Inusa Shai Izraeli Suresh Jhanwar Amy Johnson Craig Jordan Joseph Jurcic Nina Kadan-Lottick Lawrence Kaplan Jonathan Kaufman Neil Kay Michelle Kelliher Craig Kessler H. Jean Khoury Allison King Joseph Kiss Issay Kitabayashi Robert Klaassen Christoph Klein Yoshihisa Kodera Alexander Kohlmann Barbara Konkle Michael Kovacs Robert Kralovics Amrita Krishnan Nicolaus Kroger Ashish Kumar Ralf Küppers Jeffery Kutok Ann LaCasce Raymond Lai David Lane Peter Lane Richard Larson Michelle Le Beau Gregoire Le Gal Ollivier Legrand Suzanne Lentzsch John Leonard John Levine Ross Levine Linheng Li Renhao Li Zhenyu Li Wendy Lim Charles Linker Jeffrey Lipton Per Ljungman John Lollar Philip Low David Lucas Selina Luger Leo Luznik Gary Lyman Jaroslaw Maciejewski Elizabeth MacIntyre Nigel Mackman Luca Malcovati Guido Marcucci Tomer Mark Susan Maroney Giovanni Martinelli Peter Maslak Alan Mast Grant McArthur Philip McCarthy Michael McDevitt Peter McLaughlin Bruno Medeiros Jules P.P. Meijerink Junia Melo Thomas Mercher Bradley Messmer Marco Mielcarek Ken Mills Shin Mineishi Arturo Molina Silvia Montoto Marie Joelle Mozziconacci Auayporn Nademanee Vesna Najfeld Eneida Nemecek Ellis Neufeld Peter Newburger Heyu Ni Charlotte Marie Niemeyer Yago Nieto Anne Novak Paul O\'Donnell Vivian Oehler Fritz Offner Johannes Oldenburg Rebecca Olin Richard J. O'Reilly Thomas Ortel Keiya Ozawa Rose Ann Padua Sung-Yun Pai James Palis Derwood Pamphilon Animesh Pardanani Farzana Pashankar Andrea Pellagatti Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck Louis Pelus Chris Pepper Melanie Percy Andrew Perkins Luke Peterson Andrew Pettitt Javier Pinilla-Ibarz Kimmo Porkka David Porter Amy Powers Claude Preudhomme Frederick Racke Margaret Ragni Thomas Raife Alessandro Rambaldi Mariusz Ratajczak Pavan Reddy Mary Relling Tannishtha Reya Lisa Rimsza Stefano Rivella Isabelle Riviere Pamela Robey Gail Roboz Aldo Roccaro Maria Alma Rodriguez Frank Rosenbauer Laura Rosinol Alan Rosmarin Giuseppe Saglio Jonathan Said Valeria Santini Ravindra Sarode Yogenthiran Saunthararajah Bipin Savani Alan Schechter Charles Schiffer Robert Schlossman Laurie Sehn Rita Selby Orhan Sezer Sadhna Shankar John Shaughnessy Jordan Shavit Kevin Sheehan Shalini Shenoy Colin Sieff Paul Simmons Seema Singhal Sonali Smith Gerard Socie Pieter Sonneveld Simona Soverini David Spaner Steven Spitalnik Kostas Stamatopoulos David Steensma Richard Stone Toshio Suda Perumal Thiagarajan Courtney Thornburg Rodger Tiedemann David Traver Guido Tricot Darrell Triulzi Suzanne Trudel Christel Van Geet Karin Vanderkerken David Varon Amit Verma Srdan Verstovsek Ravi Vij Dan Vogl Loren Walensky Edmund Waller George Weiner Daniel Weisdorf Karl Welte Peter Westervelt Adrian Wiestner P.W. Wijermans John Wingard Anne Woolfrey Mingjiang Xu Qing Yi Anas Younes Ryan Zarychanski Arthur Zelent Clive Zent Dong-Er Zhang Xianzheng Zhou James Zimring

L'obiettivo del lavoro di tesi ha riguardato il confronto tra due soluzioni impiantistiche per la deodorazione di olio di semi di girasole e mais in uno specifico ambito aziendale (Tampieri S.P.A. Faenza). La nuova linea di deodorazione è stato progettata per abbattere il residuo di pesticida e di molecole tossiche quali 2/3 – MCPD e Ges, migliorando anche alcuni parametri di qualità degli oli di semi raffinati. Le prestazioni dell'impianto sono state valutate confrontando le differenze tra alcuni parametri di prodotto, con particolare riguardo ai glicerol esteri (GEs). Il nuovo deodoratore: - ha risolto il problema dei pesticidi (grazie al vuoto più spinto) e migliorato molti parametri di qualità degli oli di semi; - non ha abbassato la carica dei 2/3 MCPD, poiché l’aumento di questi ultimi è legato al livello di degradazione della materia prima da una parte, dall’acidità delle terre decoloranti dall’altra; – ha abbassato la carica dei GE, grazie al minor tempo di stazionamento dell’olio in colonna ed alla maggiore efficienza, dovuta in gran parte alla camera di post stripping. Si è passati da 880 ppb a 290 ppb per il mais (che comunque presenta un valore più alto perché maggiori sono i suoi valori iniziali di DAG) e da 120 ppb a <100 per il girasole.

Scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di monitorare la presenza di micotossine lungo la filiera produttiva del mais. Inizialmente è stata valutata la contaminazione da micotossine della granella di mais, proveniente da due regioni italiane. Le micotossine, la cui presenza era più estesa e rilevante, erano le fumonisine. Sono state indagate le condizioni di umidità e temperatura più favorevoli alla produzione di AFB1 da parte di un ceppo di Aspergillus flavus. L'ibrido DKC5353 ha presentato le minori contaminazioni, in tutte le località in cui è stato coltivato, per quanto riguarda la contaminazione da fumonisine. Tra i vari trattamenti insetticidi e fungicidi testati per l'efficacia nella riduzione della contaminazione da fumonisine, solo uno ha dato riscontro positivo. È stata valutata la ripartizione delle fumonisine nelle frazioni di molitura e nei sottoprodotti della lavorazione dell'olio di mais. Entrambi i processi si sono dimostrati efficaci metodi di decontaminazione. Dalle analisi sulle farine di mais per polenta emerge la necessità di intensificare i controlli e sorvegliare i punti critici del processo di molitura.
The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of mycotoxins over productive cycle of maize. Samples of maize kernels, coming from two Italian regions, were analysed to quantify mycotoxins contamination: the mycotoxins, that showed the most widespread and significant occurrence, were fumonisins. The conditions of humidity and temperature, in which an Aspergillus flavus strain produced the greatest quantity of AFB1, were investigated. Considering fumonisins content, hybrid DKC5353 showed the least contaminations, in all places it was grown. Only one of the various insecticide and fungicide treatments tested was effective. The distribution of fumonisins in several milling fractions and by-products of corn oil manufacture: both processes proved successful methods of decontamination. The necessity of increase controls and monitor the critical points of milling process emerged from the analyses on polenta maize flour.

Il seguente elaborato ha l'obiettivo di introdurre il concetto di sostanze fenoliche, riportando le principali caratteristiche chimiche e la loro classificazione, per poi analizzare le vie biosintetiche di suddette molecole nelle foglie e nel frutto dell'Olea europaea. Sono riportati, inoltre, gli aspetti agronomici che influenzano il contenuto fenolico dell'oliva e, in seguito, le principali caratteristiche delle olive da tavola e i processi di deamarizzazione ad esse applicate. L'attenzione è poi rivolta al profilo fenolico dell'olio vergine di oliva, alle modificazione chimico-enzimatiche che avvengono durante le fasi del processo tecnologico, nonché ai principali sottoprodotti dell'industria olearia (foglie di ulivo, acque di vegetazione, sansa di oliva), evidenziando la presenza di sostanze fenoliche e le possibili strategie di recupero e di valorizzazione di tali composti. Sono, inoltre, analizzate le proprietà antiossidanti, sensoriali, salutistiche, antimicrobiche ed antivirali esplicate da suddette molecole fenoliche. Infine, viene introdotta la nozione di Health Claim in merito al consumo di olio EVO, definendo le modalità di autorizzazione dell'EFSA e il Regolamento EU n° 432/2012.

The oil and natural gas industry worldwide has become one of the most important commodities due to its value in use and dependency in our modern lifestyle. Countries with rich oil and natural gas reserves has shown to exploit these resources to the country's economic benefit. South Africa has in the past not been part of the big oil and natural gas producing countries of the world. But recent discoveries of possible shale gas reserves in the Karoo Basin attracted interest by foreign oil and gas companies with the potential that South Africa has as an oil and natural gas producing country. The purpose of this study is to compare the South African income tax law and regulations with that of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, which arguable can be seen as one of the world's big oil and natural gas producing countries. The study firstly develops an understanding of each of the two countries' oil and natural gas industries and thereafter compares the two countries income tax laws, the income tax system and collection method of the income tax revenues. The study then concludes on the status of the South African income tax regime in comparison to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea's income tax regime. The introduction of the Tenth Schedule to the South African Income Tax Act (58/1962) has brought the income tax laws in South Africa in line with international practice. Consideration should be given to broadening the income tax revenue collection methods in order to broaden the tax base for South Africa. AFRIKAANS : Die olie en natuurlike gas industrie wêreldwyd het een van die mees belangrike kommoditeite geword as gevolg van die waarde en afhanklikheid wat dit het vir ons moderne leefstyl. Lande met ryk olie en natuurlike gas reserwes het bewys dat die gebruik daarvan tot voordeel van 'n land se ekonomiese groei kan lei. Suid-Afrika het in die verlede nie as een van die wêreld se reuse in olie en natuurlike gas produksie getel nie. Maar met die onlangse ontdekking van moontlike skalie gas reserwes in die Karoo Kom het belangstelling van buitelandse olie en gas maatskappye gelok in die potensiaal wat Suid-Afrika het om 'n olie en natuurlike gas produserende land te wees. Die doel van die studie is om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen Suid-Afrika se inkomste belasting wette en regulasies met die van die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea, wat gesien kan word as een van die reuse van die wêreld as dit kom by olie en natuurlike gas produserende lande. Die studie skets eerstens 'n agtergrond van die twee lande se olie en natuurlike gas industrieë en daarna vergelyk die studie die twee lande se inkomste belasting wette, die inkomste belasting stelsels en invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting. Die studie kom dan tot 'n gevolgtrekking oor die status van die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting omgewing teenoor die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea se inkomste belasting omgewing. Die bekendstelling van die Tiende Skedule tot die Inkomste Belasting Wet (58/1962) het die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting wet in lyn gebring met internasionale inkomste belasinvorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.ting wette. Oorweging moet geskenk word aan die invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Taxation
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