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Journal articles on the topic 'Olive farms'
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1
Kashiwagi, Kenichi. "Technical Efficiency of Olive-growing Farms in the Northern West Bank of Palestine." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n2p125.
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This study examines the firm-level technical efficiency of olive-growing farms in the West Bank of Palestine. Using a sample of 176 olive farms in the Jenin governorate collected during September 2015, we estimated the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The results suggest that higher levels of education of the head of farm households and farms with a higher density of olive trees are associated with higher technical efficiency. The introduction of irrigation had a marginal effect on upgrading efficiency. Enlarging the irrigated area had a negative effect, but increasing the number of years of irrigation had a positive impact on efficiency. While the impact of access to export markets on technical efficiency was negative and farms oriented towards domestic consumption of olive oil showed lower efficiency, access to markets through olive presses and middlemen contributed to improve efficiency. The results of the chosen half-normal model suggest that olive farms in Jenin have the potential to increase production by 51.4% through more efficient use of technology and production inputs. These results imply promotion of intensive farming with mature olive trees and expansion of market access could contribute to improve technical efficiency of olive farms in the West Bank even under severe geographical and geopolitical conditions.
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Artukoglu, M. M., A. Olgun, and H. Adanacioglu. "The efficiency analysis of organic and conventional olive farms: Case of Turkey." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 2 (2010): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/620-agricecon.
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This paper investigates technical and economically efficiency of 62 organic and 62 conventional olive producing farms in Turkey. According to the study results; by using the CRS model which is input and output-oriented, the average technical efficiency of organic olive farms is 67.68%, the average technical efficiency of conventional olive farms is 47.93%. The technical efficiency of the output-oriented VRS model is 74.78%, and the technical efficiency of the input-oriented VRS model is 93.46%. Also, considering the same model, the average efficiency of the conventional olive farms in the input and output are 59.58% and 94.97%, respectively. Therefore, according to the Data Envelopment Analysis, the technical efficiency in conventional olive farms is less than in the organic ones. When the farms have been evaluated one by one in the light of the total potential improvement values, inputs and outputs, improvement is needed in all values.
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Herrera, J. M., P. Costa, D. Medinas, J. T. Marques, and A. Mira. "Community composition and activity of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive farms." Animal Conservation 18, no. 6 (2015): 557–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13454150.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Olive (Olea europaea L.) farming is one of the most widespread agricultural practice throughout the Mediterranean basin. Current trends even predict an increase in land area devoted to olive farms as well as the intensification of farming practices. However, knowledge of the effects of olive farming on animal species still remains elusive and conservation and management guidelines for the relevant stakeholders are therefore urgently needed. Here, we investigate community composition and activity patterns of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive monocultures in Southern Portugal. Bats surveys were carried out in three types of olive farms representing increasing levels of management intensity: (1) traditional olive farms, managed with few or no chemical inputs or manual labor; (2) semiintensive olive farms, which share certain characteristics with traditional plantations, but are more intensively managed; (3) intensive olive farms, which are managed with high and frequent chemical inputs, and highly mechanized systems. We found differences in species richness and activity levels between farming practices. Both the number of species and foraging activity declined with increasing management intensity. However, olive groves as a whole showed a lower number of species compared with the regional species pool and extremely low activity levels, suggesting that large and homogeneous olive monocultures may serve more as commuting areas than true foraging habitats for bats. To our knowledge, this is the first study explicitly demonstrating the pervasive impact of olive farming on the community composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats. In the face of an even-increasing proportion of land surface devoted to olive farming in Mediterranean landscapes, our findings are therefore of great concern. We suggest that increasing habitat heterogeneity would contribute to preserve the community composition and ecological functionality of insectivorous bats in extensive olive monocultures.
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Herrera, J. M., P. Costa, D. Medinas, J. T. Marques, and A. Mira. "Community composition and activity of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive farms." Animal Conservation 18, no. 6 (2015): 557–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13454150.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Olive (Olea europaea L.) farming is one of the most widespread agricultural practice throughout the Mediterranean basin. Current trends even predict an increase in land area devoted to olive farms as well as the intensification of farming practices. However, knowledge of the effects of olive farming on animal species still remains elusive and conservation and management guidelines for the relevant stakeholders are therefore urgently needed. Here, we investigate community composition and activity patterns of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive monocultures in Southern Portugal. Bats surveys were carried out in three types of olive farms representing increasing levels of management intensity: (1) traditional olive farms, managed with few or no chemical inputs or manual labor; (2) semiintensive olive farms, which share certain characteristics with traditional plantations, but are more intensively managed; (3) intensive olive farms, which are managed with high and frequent chemical inputs, and highly mechanized systems. We found differences in species richness and activity levels between farming practices. Both the number of species and foraging activity declined with increasing management intensity. However, olive groves as a whole showed a lower number of species compared with the regional species pool and extremely low activity levels, suggesting that large and homogeneous olive monocultures may serve more as commuting areas than true foraging habitats for bats. To our knowledge, this is the first study explicitly demonstrating the pervasive impact of olive farming on the community composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats. In the face of an even-increasing proportion of land surface devoted to olive farming in Mediterranean landscapes, our findings are therefore of great concern. We suggest that increasing habitat heterogeneity would contribute to preserve the community composition and ecological functionality of insectivorous bats in extensive olive monocultures.
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Kamiyama, Hajime, Mohamed Kefi, and Kenichi Kashiwagi. "Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Olive Trees in Kairouan, Tunisia." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 3 (2021): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.113.255.261.
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This study evaluated the technical efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of olive farms in Tunisia, using Data Envelopment Analysis. In order to calibrate and validate the findings, data related to area, water use, water quality, cultivar, input, and yield were collected based on interviews from 45 irrigated olive farms in Kairouan Governorate. The results show that average input-oriented water use efficiency under the CRS and VRS specifications is 17.2% and 36.3%, respectively, indicating that the sampled olive farms could reduce the use of water by an average of 82.8% and 63.7% by improving the performance of irrigation systems. Also, it was found that there are large differences in irrigation water use efficiency between the CRS and VRS specifications. Consequently, this indicates that a number of olive farms can enhance overall efficiency by improving the scale of operation. In practical terms, this study provides significant insights for the olive growers in this study regarding the importance of removing scale inefficiency. Specifically, they need to consider the effects of water and soil quality on irrigated fields to improve the efficiency of irrigation water use.
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Cecchi, Grazia, Simone Di Piazza, Ester Rosa, et al. "Autochthonous Microbes to Produce Ligurian Taggiasca Olives (Imperia, Liguria, NW Italy) in Brine." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (2023): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070680.
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Table olives are considered high-quality food, and Italy has a wealth of varieties and typical features that are truly unique in the world (about eighty cultivars of table olives or dual-purpose olives, four of which are protected by the protected designation of origin—PDO), and it is the second largest European consumer, behind Spain. The Taggiasca olive does not have a PDO, but it is very appreciated not only in the region of production (Liguria), but also in all the Italian regions and abroad. Autochthonous microbes (bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi) are essential in the fermentative processes for brine olive production. However, these microbial communities that colonised the olive drupes are affected by the environmental conditions and the fermentation treatments. Hence the importance of studying and comparing olive microbes from different farms and investigating the relationships between bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi to speed up the deamarisation process. Our results showed that yeasts are dominant relative to lactobacteria in all three brines studied, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus was the most performant fungus for the oleuropein degradation. The latter represents the best candidate for the realisation of a microbial starter.
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Sintori, Alexandra, Vasilia Konstantidelli, Penelope Gouta, and Irene Tzouramani. "Profitability, Productivity, and Technical Efficiency of Cretan Olive Groves across Alternative Ecological Farm Types." Agriculture 13, no. 12 (2023): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13122194.
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Olive groves are an important element of the Mediterranean landscape and heritage and contribute significantly to the area’s rural economies. The primary interest of researchers and policymakers lies in the economic performance of this activity, especially in light of the resource limitations imposed by climate change. Profitability and productivity analyses, as well as technical efficiency methodologies, have been applied to evaluate the economic sustainability of olive cultivation and have often identified shortcomings in farms’ management and structure. In our study, we use profitability and productivity indicators, as well as data envelopment analysis, to estimate the economic performance of Cretan olive groves and a second-stage regression analysis to determine factors that affect efficiency scores. One novelty of this study is that the results are presented across alternative ecological approaches, i.e., organic, conservation, low-input, and standard farms. Our findings indicate that organic farms perform better in the examined economic indicators. On the other hand, standard farms demonstrate a low labour productivity, while conservation and low-input farms exhibit an inefficient use of capital. Scale inefficiencies indicate that certain farm types should also increase in size to be more competitive. Finally, our analysis suggests that training, market orientation, and a commitment to farming positively affect the efficiency of olive groves.
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Morrone, Lucia, Luisa Neri, Osvaldo Facini, Giulio Galamini, Giacomo Ferretti, and Annalisa Rotondi. "Influence of Chabazite Zeolite Foliar Applications Used for Olive Fruit Fly Control on Volatile Organic Compound Emission, Photosynthesis, and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil." Plants 13, no. 5 (2024): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13050698.
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The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) is the most dangerous pest of olive fruits and negatively influences the chemical and sensory quality of the oil produced. Organic farms have few tools against this pest and are constantly looking for effective and sustainable products such as geomaterials, i.e., zeolite. Since a particle film covers the canopy, a study was carried out on the olive tree’s responses to zeolite foliar coating. The tested treatments were natural zeolite (NZ), zeolite enriched with ammonium (EZ), and Spintor-Fly® (SF). EZ was associated with higher photosynthetic activity with respect to the other treatments, while no differences were found between SF and NZ. Foliar treatments affect the amount of BVOC produced in both leaves and olives, where 26 and 23 different BVOCs (biogenic volatile organic compounds) were identified but not the type of compounds emitted. Foliar treatment with EZ significantly affected fruit size, and the olive fruit fly more frequently attacked the olives, while treatment with NZ had olives with similar size and attack as those treated with Spintor-Fly®; no difference in oil quantity was detected. Oil produced from olives treated with NZ presented higher values of phenolic content and intensities of bitterness and spiciness than oils from those treated with EZ and SF. According to the results of this study, using zeolite films on an olive tree canopy does not negatively influence plant physiology; it has an impact on BVOC emission and the chemical and sensory characteristics of the oil.
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Sabbatini, Valentina, Yiorgos Gadanakis, and Francisco Areal. "Variation on the Effects of the 2003 CAP Reform and Regional Differences in the Italian Olive Oil Sector." International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models 1, no. 1 (2016): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfbmbm.2016010105.
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This paper analyses the impacts of the 2003 CAP reform on the production of Italian olive oil controlling for the regional differences in olive oil production as well as for the differences between years. Italian olive oil production time series data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network for the 2000-2010 period at regional level is used to examine the effect of the 2003 Fischler reform on the production of olive oil. Production costs and payments received by farmers to support their income are considered. The data were collected at micro level based on a sample of farms representative of the production systems in the country. In order to consider the differences in production among the regions, eight representative regions in terms of surveyed farms are considered. The authors found that the most important factors affecting the production of olive oil are the area under olive groves and labour productivity. Results also show no evidence that the level of payments have an impact to the level of production, however, the type of payments has.
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Fernández, L., M. Carbonero, C. R. García, J. M. Martín, and P. P. Pérez. "STRATEGIC GROUPS IN ANDALUSIAN OLIVE TREE FARMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 655 (September 2004): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.655.26.
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Sintori, Alexandra, Penelope Gouta, Vasilia Konstantidelli, and Irene Tzouramani. "Eco-Efficiency of Olive Farms across Diversified Ecological Farming Approaches." Land 13, no. 1 (2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010072.
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Eco-efficiency is commonly used as an indicator of sustainability since it expresses the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized to meet people’s needs. Agriculture relies heavily on these ecological resources and by-produces significant environmental burdens, shifting the interest of researchers and policymakers toward the promotion of ecological practices. However, limited evidence exists regarding eco-efficiency across various ecological approaches like low input, conservation, and organic farming. This paper contributes to the existing literature and provides insight into the eco-efficiency of Cretan olive farms managed under different ecological approaches. Olive oil production is vital for the socio-economic sustainability of Mediterranean agriculture, a significant element of the region’s culture, and the basis of the well-known “Mediterranean diet”; therefore, it is crucial to investigate eco-efficient management options for olive farmers. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and a second-stage statistical analysis are employed to estimate the eco-efficiency of olive farms and investigate factors affecting it. Composite indicators for biodiversity, soil, and input management are incorporated in the eco-efficiency model. The results indicate that organic farms achieve the highest eco-efficiency scores, followed by other ecological approaches. Additionally, eco-efficiency seems to be explained by farmers’ dependency on subsidies, commitment to farming activity, and environmental awareness.
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Masucci, Felicia, Francesco Serrapica, Lucia De Luca, Raffaele Romano, Francesca Garofalo, and Antonio Di Francia. "Circular Economy on a Small Scale: The Sustainable Use of Olive Tree Biomass Residues as Feed for Lactating Cows in the Sorrento Peninsula." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (2025): 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030845.
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To enhance the sustainability of marginal olive and dairy farms in the Sorrento peninsula, two separate crossover trials were conducted on two farms in the area to evaluate olive pruning residue (OlPr) and olive mill leaves (OlLes) as forage sources for lactating cows. Each trial lasted six weeks and consisted of two treatment periods, each including a 15-day adaptation phase followed by a 6-day measurement phase. During the measurement phase, milk production, feed intake, and olive residue consumption were assessed for two homogeneous cow groups: one receiving a ration supplemented with olive by-products and the other receiving a control diet. The olive-supplemented groups exhibited higher dry matter intake and roughage consumption (hay + olive residue) compared to the control groups. The intake of OlLes was about 30% higher than that of OlPr. Compared to the respective control, milk from OlLe-fed cows a had higher fat content and a higher fat-to-protein ratio, a more favorable fatty acid composition in terms of higher monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid contents, a reduced atherogenic index, and a saturated-to-unsaturated ratio. Likely due to the lower level of olive by-product ingestion, only marginal differences were observed in milk fatty acid composition of cows fed OlPr compared to the control. We conclude that the use of OlLes in dairy cow diets may represent a promising strategy for improving milk quality, promoting a more circular agricultural system, reducing reliance on external feed inputs, and mitigating the environmental impact of both olive and milk production.
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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Claudia Tribaldos-Anda, Sergio A. Prats, Clarisse Brígido, José Muñoz-Rojas, and Alejandro J. Rescia. "Impacts of Fertilization on Environmental Quality across a Gradient of Olive Grove Management Systems in Alentejo (Portugal)." Land 11, no. 12 (2022): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122194.
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Olive groves are Mediterranean socioecological systems. In Portugal (350,000 hectares of olive groves), a transition is ongoing towards intensification. Such effects may arise from the incremental use of agrochemical fertilizers. The Alentejo region, Portugal, was stratified according to the olive management systems (i.e., extensive groves managed conventionally, integrated or organically, and intensive and highly intensive farms) and erosive states. Agronomic (i.e., fertilizers) and biological (i.e., herbaceous and lepidopteran richness and biodiversity) variables were quantified in 80 plots so we could know how managements affect biodiversity. Intensive and highly intensive farms showed the highest erosion (up to 48 t ha−1 year−1) and the highest concentration of nitrates (11–16 ppm), phosphates (8–15 ppm), and potassium (169–183 mg kg−1), aligned with its lower flora (null) and fauna (0.50–1.75 species). Conventional extensive farms attained an intermediate position, and integrated and organic managements showed the lowest erosion (up to 20 t ha−1 year−1), and the lowest concentration of nitrates (5–6 ppm), phosphates (2–4 ppm), and potassium (92–125 mg kg−1) aligned with its higher flora (14–27 species) and fauna (up to 8 species). Studies aimed at characterizing the multifunctionality of olive groves are essential in Portugal, also considering how soil practices can minimize externalities driven by rapid changes in crop systems.
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Glibota, Nicolás, Mª José Grande, Antonio Galvez, and Elena Ortega. "Genetic Determinants for Metal Tolerance and Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Bacteria Isolated from Soils of Olive Tree Farms." Antibiotics 9, no. 8 (2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080476.
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Copper-derived compounds are often used in olive tree farms. In a previous study, a collection of bacterial strains isolated from olive tree farms were identified and tested for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and heavy metal tolerance. The aim of this work was to study the genetic determinants of resistance and to evaluate the co-occurrence of metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. Both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes (including beta-lactamase genes) were detected in the bacterial strains from Cu-treated soils. A high percentage of the strains positive for metal tolerance genes also carried antibiotic resistance genes, especially for genes involved in resistances to beta-lactams and tetracycline. Significant associations were detected between genes involved in copper tolerance and genes coding for beta-lactamases or tetracycline resistance mechanisms. A significant association was also detected between zntA (coding for a Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase) and tetC genes. In conclusion, bacteria from soils of Cu-treated olive farms may carry both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. The positive associations detected between metal tolerance genes and antibiotic resistance genes suggests co-selection of such genetic traits by exposure to metals.
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Dentoni, Domenico, and Thomas Reardon. "Small farms building global brands through social networks." Journal on Chain and Network Science 10, no. 3 (2010): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2010.x183.
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Small farms have the option of competing in the global market by pursuing a niche brand differentiation strategy. However, they usually face tight financial constraints when attempting to build a food brand that meets both the desires of a small segment of distant final consumers and the requirements of its international buyers. In this study, we explore how small farms can use social networks to start transacting with international buyers and to build global niche brands. Following a 'grounded theory' approach, we analyzed the evidence collected from 34 cases of small farms producing single-estate extra-virgin olive oil and other specialty food products in Italy. The analysis led to the following conclusions. First, small olive oil farmers can build brand associations and perceived brand quality, and ultimately brand equity, by developing social ties with third-party endorsers that are outside the product supply chain but have high status in the market. Second, to intentionally develop these social ties, small olive oil farmers need to obtain information both on (a) international consumer preferences for olive oil attributes and (b) which actors have the high status to endorse and promote the individual brands. Third, use of social ties with high-status endorsers for brand development is more effective when international consumers' familiarity with the product is lower and their preference for credence attributes stronger. While concerning a developed country that moreover enjoys a strong reputation in relation to the product, we posit that this study is rich with lessons for small producers of specialty food in both developed and developing regions whose reputations associated with the specific products are high. From a policy perspective, this study suggests that public market development programs can play a key facilitation role for the development of social networks linking small companies and international buyers by providing relevant market information on third-party endorsers as well as final consumers and buyers.
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Fousekis, Panos, Sofia Kourtesi, and Apostolos Polymeros. "Assessing Managerial Efficiency on Olive Farms in Greece." Outlook on Agriculture 43, no. 2 (2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2014.0162.
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Gómez-Limón, José A., Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo, and Ernest Reig-Martínez. "Eco-efficiency assessment of olive farms in Andalusia." Land Use Policy 29, no. 2 (2012): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.08.004.
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Gallo, Crescenzio, Francesco Contò, Piermichele La Sala, and Anna Paola Antonazzo. "A Neural Network Model for Classifying Olive Farms." Procedia Technology 8 (2013): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.11.085.
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Soriano, María-Auxiliadora, Sonia Álvarez, Blanca B. Landa, and José A. Gómez. "Soil properties in organic olive orchards following different weed management in a rolling landscape of Andalusia, Spain." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 1 (2012): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000361.
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AbstractThis study evaluated the most significant physical, chemical and biological soil properties from a group of organic olive farms located in a typical olive-growing area of Andalusia, Spain, after 5 or more years since the shift from conventional to organic farming, and compared soils with those in nearby undisturbed (U) natural areas. Two soil management systems implemented in these organic olive farms to control weeds, tillage (T), characterized by non-inverting-shallow tillage in spring, and mechanical mowing (M), were compared and evaluated against the U areas. Organic olive orchards showed similar productivity (average fruit yield of 3130 kg ha−1 yr−1) as the conventional, rain-fed olive groves in the same area, with no significant differences due to soil management systems. Soil properties in the olive orchards (i.e. texture, pH, organic carbon (C), organic nitrogen (N), C:N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable potassium) were in the suitable range for olive farming in both soil managements, although organic C and N, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water-holding capacity (AWC) of the soil were lower than in the U areas. A principal component analysis (PCA) for soil properties in topsoil (0–10 cm depth) distinguished the T from M olive orchards and U areas, and determined organic C and N as the most significant soil properties to characterize them. Average values of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for the surface layer (0–10 cm depth) were 18.6, 59.3 and 67.8 Mg ha−1, for T and M soil management systems and U areas, respectively. This indicates that the sustainability of organic olive orchards could be significantly improved by shifting to M soil management to decrease soil erosion and depletion of SOC.
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Volakakis, Nikolaos, Emmanouil Kabourakis, Apostolos Kiritsakis, Leonidas Rempelos, and Carlo Leifert. "Effect of Production System (Organic versus Conventional) on Olive Fruit and Oil Yields and Oil Quality Parameters in the Messara Valley, Crete, Greece; Results from a 3-Year Farm Survey." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (2022): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071484.
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The demand for organic olive oil has increased rapidly over the last 40 years, but there is limited information on the effects of organic production methods on commercially and nutritionally relevant quality parameters in olive oil. The main objective of this farm survey-based study was therefore to compare fruit and oil yields and important oil quality parameters (including acidity, peroxide value and fatty acid profiles) between organic and conventional farms located in the Messara Plain and foothills. As expected, yields were substantially higher on farms in the Messara Plain compared with those in the foothills which have poorer soil, less access to irrigation water and are the more extensively managed. However, different to the many previous studies (which reported lower yields in organic systems), both fruit and oil yields were not significantly different in organic and conventional production and numerically ~10% higher in organic production. Additionally, olive oil quality was very high, and no substantial effects of production systems and farm location were found. Potential factors (e.g., low olive fly pressure) which may have contributed to the lack of a yield and quality gap between organic and convention production in the Messara region are discussed.
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Raimondo, Maria, Francesco Caracciolo, Concetta Nazzaro, and Giuseppe Marotta. "Organic Farming Increases the Technical Efficiency of Olive Farms in Italy." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030209.
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While there is growing recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the reduction of the negative externalities due to conventional agriculture, there is uncertainty about the effect of the latter on the economic performance of the farms. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating the effect of organic farming on technical efficiency in Italian olive farms. A cross-section dataset was analyzed through the stochastic frontier function, where the adoption of organic farming was explicitly modeled. Then, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of organic farming on technical efficiency, a propensity score matching method was implemented. The findings reveal that organic farming increases technical efficiency in Italian olive farms by approximately 10%. The highest impact of organic farming is observed in small farms. As for the propensity to become organic, we found that the production and the direct sales of a higher quality of gross marketable output, as well as the intensity of labor and machines, increase the probability to adopt organic farming. Conversely, farm localization, the availability of family labor, and financial capital discourage conversion to the organic farming system.
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Raimondo, Maria, Francesco Caracciolo, Concetta Nazzaro, and Giuseppe Marotta. "Organic Farming Increases the Technical Efficiency of Olive Farms in Italy." Agriculture MDPI 22 (March 4, 2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030209.
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While there is growing recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the reduction of the negative externalities due to conventional agriculture, there is uncertainty about the effect of the latter on the economic performance of the farms. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating the effect of organic farming on technical efficiency in Italian olive farms. A cross-section dataset was analyzed through the stochastic frontier function, where the adoption of organic farming was explicitly modeled. Then, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of organic farming on technical efficiency, a propensity score matching method was implemented. The findings reveal that organic farming increases technical efficiency in Italian olive farms by approximately 10%. The highest impact of organic farming is observed in small farms. As for the propensity to become organic, we found that the production and the direct sales of a higher quality of gross marketable output, as well as the intensity of labor and machines, increase the probability to adopt organic farming. Conversely, farm localization, the availability of family labor, and financial capital discourage conversion to the organic farming system.
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Njim, Adel. "Hannibal Olive Trees In The West Of Kalea Seghira In The Sahel." Madarat Tarikhia Review 1, no. 1 (2019): 426–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4442293.
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The city of Kalea Seghira is very rich by its terroir, its position, its history and its exceptional heritage. Only this city is paradoxically little studied. My contribution to know better her will focus on a recent discovery around this city. This is to present an unpublished discovery of an ancient farm located a few kilometers west of the city at a place called "Ennagar". This farm contains olive trees with an immense trunk that proves their ancient age. Remains related to water management and a preliminary collection of ceramics bear witness to occupation from antiquity to the Islamic period. Even though this material culture is worthy of a thorough record. My investigations allowed me to put this farm essentially olive with a literary testimony to which little attention was given to the olive trees planted by the Punic General Hannibal throughout the Sahel region. This discovery confirms that this textual testimony is not myth. Moreover, this exploitation would be in some of the testimonies of the very complex Carthaginian system. It has an original military and security aspect related to the systems of Phoinikoi Tapoi literally Phoenician Fosses that pass further west not far from this area. This farm also reveals a demographic aspect by fixing farmers at the margins of the territories of a large city such as Hadrumète. This mainly olive-growing operation also has an undoubted economic vocation for managing and making profitable the peripheral territories of the Punic era. The publication of this Punic farm enriches this file on our knowledge of this culture especially in the famous region of Byzacène became the Sahel one of the historical fiefs of Carthage and in the hinterland of the city of Hadrumète major Punic city
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Kefi, Mohamed, Nesrine Kalboussi, Alain Rapaport, Jérôme Harmand, and Hakim Gabtni. "Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia”." Water 15, no. 4 (2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040755.
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One of Tunisia’s main challenges is to conserve and protect water resources for current and future generations. Using non-conventional water in agriculture, such as treated wastewater, can be a sustainable water-saving solution. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) to analyze the value chain of treated wastewater for olive growing farms production and (ii) to apply mathematical modeling to maximize the olive production in optimizing irrigation distribution and nitrogen amendment in olive growing farms. The work is carried out in a peri-urban irrigated perimeter of Msaken, Sousse, which is mainly occupied by olive trees and irrigated by treated wastewater. A SWOT analysis is also applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses of reuse in this study area. Moreover, mathematical models are used to determine the optimal schedule for fertigation with treated wastewater. In this process, data on rainfall, soil, water quality and olive production were collected from local farmers, local decision makers, field and laboratory experiments. SWOT results determine farmers’ perceptions of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation. The viability analysis, in terms of soil humidity and nitrogen, shows that the nitrogen stress is not a limiting factor for olive biomass production, but water stress is. This analysis provides numerical values for the maximum irrigation rate and total amount of irrigation water to ensure maximum olive production. It was found that the maximum irrigation could be 5.77 m3/day/ha and the total annual water requirement is 1240 m3/ha. Modeling appears to be an important tool to help local decision makers and to support and encourage local farmers to reuse treated wastewater under safe conditions and without environmental risks.
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Artukoglu, M. M., and B. Miran. "Determining the farmer demand for olive oil premium support: The case of Izmir, Turkey." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 1 (2009): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2507-agricecon.
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The contribution is aimed at the research testing the reflection of olive oil premium support on farmers on the case of Izmir, in Aegean Region which is an important production area. The findings point out that small farms benefit less from the premium applications. The Probit and Heckman analysis showed that new policies directed at the small farms are required. In this context, different levels of premium for small farms should be paid, some inputs should be provided, and small producers should be assisted in marketing especially by promoting the farmers through co-operatives. Extension works organized for small farmers may have an informative and incentive role on the premium applications. Tax exemptions and crop aids are also appropriate tools for the small farmers to get more premiums.
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Muzzalupo, Innocenzo, Barbara Macchione, Cristina Bucci, et al. "LOXGene Transcript Accumulation in Olive (Olea europaeaL.) Fruits at Different Stages of Maturation: Relationship between Volatile Compounds, Environmental Factors, and Technological Treatments for Oil Extraction." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/532179.
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The quality of olive oil is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and by the maturation state of drupes, but it is equally affected by technological treatments of the process. This work investigates the possible correlation between oliveLOXgene transcript accumulation, evaluated in fruits collected at different stages of maturation, and chemical biomarkers of its activity. During olive fruit ripening, the same genotype harvested from two different farms shows a positive linear trend betweenLOXrelative transcript accumulation and the content of volatile compounds present in the olive oil aroma. Interestingly, a negative linear trend was observed betweenLOXrelative transcript accumulation and the content of volatile compounds present in the olive pastes obtained from olive fruits with and without malaxation. The changes in the oliveLOXtranscript accumulation reveal its environmental regulation and suggest differential physiological functions for the LOXs.
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Ricalde, Marcelo Perrone, Dori Edson Nava, Alci Enimar Loeck, Enilton Fick Coutinho, Alexandre Bisognin, and Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia. "Insects related to Olive culture in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (2015): 2125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141477.
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The increased cultivation of olive trees in Rio Grande do Sul State and its potential production arouse the need to characterize the assemblage of insects in olive groves, especially those with potential as pests. Therefore, the insect fauna was sampled monthly for two years, in the canopy of olive trees, using beat cloth, and collection of buds in five municipalities in Southern Rio Grande do Sul State. The faunal indices analyzed were abundance, constancy, dominance and frequency. The olive caterpillar Palpita forficifera Munroe 1959 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and mealybugs Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791) and Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1952) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are the main phytophagous insects in olive farms in the Rio Grande do Sul State, with potential to reach pest status. Eleven insect species were recorded for the first time in olive groves in Brazil. The occurrence of P. forficifera is a new record for the Rio Grande do Sul State.
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Miklavčič Višnjevec, Ana, Paul Baker, Adam Charlton, et al. "Developing an Olive Biorefinery in Slovenia: Analysis of Phenolic Compounds Found in Olive Mill Pomace and Wastewater." Molecules 26, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010007.
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The valorization of olive pomace through the extraction of phenolic compounds at an industrial scale is influenced by several factors that can have a significant impact on the feasibility of this approach. These include the types and levels of phenolic compounds that are present, the impact that seasonal variation and cultivar type have on the phenolic compound content in both olive pomace and mill effluents and the technological approach used to process the olive crop. Chemical analysis of phenolic compounds was performed using an HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD)-qTOF system, resulting in the identification of 45 compounds in olive mill wastewater and pomace, where secoiridoids comprised 50–60% of the total phenolic content. This study examined three different factors that could impact the phenolic compound content of these processing streams, including cultivar types typically grown on local farms in Slovenia, the type of downstream processing used and seasonality effects. Olive crop varieties sourced from local farms showed high variability, and the highest phenolic content was associated with the local variety “Istrska Belica”. During processing, the phenolic content was on average approximately 50% higher during two-phase decanting compared to three-phase decanting and the type of compound present significantly different. An investigation into the seasonal effects revealed that the phenolic content was 20% higher during the 2019 growing season compared to 2018. A larger sample size over additional growing seasons is required to fully understand the annual variation in phenolic compound content. The methods and results used in this study provide a basis for further analysis of phenolic compounds present in the European Union’s olive crop processing residues and will inform techno-economic modelling for the development of olive biorefineries in Slovenia.
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Herrera, José M., Ana Carvalho, Sílvia Barreiro, et al. "Temporal mismatches in flight activity patterns between Pipistrellus kuhlii and Prays oleae in olive farms: Implications for biocontrol services potential." Journal of Applied Ecology 61, no. 3 (2024): 526–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450925.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Biocontrol services are widely recognized to provide key incentives for bat conservation. However, we have virtually no information on whether and how disruptions in bat‐mediated biocontrol services are driven by mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. We investigated the temporal relationship between the nightly activity patterns of the common pipistrelle bat ( Pipistrellus kuhlii ) and the olive fruit moth ( Prays oleae ). Temporal mismatches between species pairs were estimated as the time difference (expressed as a percentage of the night) at which P. kuhlii and P. oleae reached 50% of their abundance. The study was carried out during spring, summer, and fall between 2017 and 2019 in 60 olive farms representing increasing levels of structural simplification (as a surrogate of agricultural intensification). Olive farms were classified as exhibiting high (i.e. HIGH olive farms; n = 27), intermediate (MID; n = 18), and low (LOW; n = 15) structural complexity. Temporal mismatches between the activity levels of P. kuhlii and P. oleae varied between seasons and types of olive farms, being comparatively lower in summer than in spring and fall. Furthermore, summer was the only season in which temporal mismatches between species pairs differed between types of olive farms, with higher temporal mismatches found in LOW than in HIGH and MID olive farms. Overall, our work demonstrates the existence of temporal mismatches between the nightly activity patterns of P. kuhlii and P. oleae . Furthermore, it demonstrates that the structural simplification of olive farms increases temporal mismatches between species pairs, particularly in summer when bat‐mediated biocontrol services are most needed. Synthesis and applications . Future research should consider mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. Otherwise, the actual impact of agricultural intensification on bat‐mediated biocontrol services as well as the economic impact of their loss on the agriculture industry might be underestimated. To enhance biocontrol services, we propose increasing the availability of suitable roosting and foraging sites as well as conserving areas of remnant native woodland and scattered hollow‐bearing trees. , Resumo Os serviços de biocontrole são amplamente reconhecidos por providenciarem incentivos fundamentais para a conservação de morcegos. No entanto, não existe virtualmente nenhuma informação sobre se e como as disrupções nos serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos são causadas por divergências entre os padrões temporais de atividade de morcegos insetívoros e insetos‐praga. Investigámos a relação temporal entre os padrões de atividade noturna do morcego‐de‐kuhl ( Pipistrellus kuhlii ) e da traça‐da‐oliveira ( Prays oleae ). As divergências temporais entre pares de espécies foram estimadas como a diferença de tempo (expressa como percentagem da noite) em que P. kuhlii e P. oleae atingiram 50% de sua abundância. O estudo foi realizado durante a primavera, verão e outono entre 2017 e 2019 em 60 olivais representando níveis crescentes de simplificação estrutural (usada como um indicador da intensificação agrícola). Os olivais foram classificados como exibindo complexidade estrutural alta (HIGH; n = 27), intermédia (MID; n = 18) ou baixa (LOW; n = 15). As divergências temporais entre os níveis de atividade de P. kuhlii e P. oleae variaram entre as estações do ano e tipos de olivais, sendo comparativamente menores no verão do que na primavera e outono. Além disso, o verão foi a única estação em que as divergências temporais entre pares de espécies diferiram entre tipos de olivais, com divergências temporais mais elevadas em olivais LOW do que em olivais HIGH e MID. No geral, o nosso trabalho demonstra a existência de divergências temporais entre os padrões de atividade noturna de P. kuhlii e P. oleae . Além disso, demonstra que a simplificação estrutural dos olivais aumenta as divergências temporais entre pares de espécies, especialmente no verão, quando os serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos são mais necessários. Síntese e aplicações : Os trabalhos de investigação no futuro devem ter em conta as divergências entre os padrões temporais de atividade de morcegos insetívoros e insetos‐praga. Caso contrário, o impacto real da intensificação agrícola nos serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos, bem como o impacto económico da sua perda na indústria agrícola, pode ser subestimado. Para incrementar os serviços de biocontrole, propomos o aumento da disponibilidade de abrigos e locais de alimentação, bem como a conservação de áreas de bosques nativos remanescentes e árvores dispersas.
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Herrera, José M., Ana Carvalho, Sílvia Barreiro, et al. "Temporal mismatches in flight activity patterns between Pipistrellus kuhlii and Prays oleae in olive farms: Implications for biocontrol services potential." Journal of Applied Ecology 61, no. 3 (2024): 526–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450925.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Biocontrol services are widely recognized to provide key incentives for bat conservation. However, we have virtually no information on whether and how disruptions in bat‐mediated biocontrol services are driven by mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. We investigated the temporal relationship between the nightly activity patterns of the common pipistrelle bat ( Pipistrellus kuhlii ) and the olive fruit moth ( Prays oleae ). Temporal mismatches between species pairs were estimated as the time difference (expressed as a percentage of the night) at which P. kuhlii and P. oleae reached 50% of their abundance. The study was carried out during spring, summer, and fall between 2017 and 2019 in 60 olive farms representing increasing levels of structural simplification (as a surrogate of agricultural intensification). Olive farms were classified as exhibiting high (i.e. HIGH olive farms; n = 27), intermediate (MID; n = 18), and low (LOW; n = 15) structural complexity. Temporal mismatches between the activity levels of P. kuhlii and P. oleae varied between seasons and types of olive farms, being comparatively lower in summer than in spring and fall. Furthermore, summer was the only season in which temporal mismatches between species pairs differed between types of olive farms, with higher temporal mismatches found in LOW than in HIGH and MID olive farms. Overall, our work demonstrates the existence of temporal mismatches between the nightly activity patterns of P. kuhlii and P. oleae . Furthermore, it demonstrates that the structural simplification of olive farms increases temporal mismatches between species pairs, particularly in summer when bat‐mediated biocontrol services are most needed. Synthesis and applications . Future research should consider mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. Otherwise, the actual impact of agricultural intensification on bat‐mediated biocontrol services as well as the economic impact of their loss on the agriculture industry might be underestimated. To enhance biocontrol services, we propose increasing the availability of suitable roosting and foraging sites as well as conserving areas of remnant native woodland and scattered hollow‐bearing trees. , Resumo Os serviços de biocontrole são amplamente reconhecidos por providenciarem incentivos fundamentais para a conservação de morcegos. No entanto, não existe virtualmente nenhuma informação sobre se e como as disrupções nos serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos são causadas por divergências entre os padrões temporais de atividade de morcegos insetívoros e insetos‐praga. Investigámos a relação temporal entre os padrões de atividade noturna do morcego‐de‐kuhl ( Pipistrellus kuhlii ) e da traça‐da‐oliveira ( Prays oleae ). As divergências temporais entre pares de espécies foram estimadas como a diferença de tempo (expressa como percentagem da noite) em que P. kuhlii e P. oleae atingiram 50% de sua abundância. O estudo foi realizado durante a primavera, verão e outono entre 2017 e 2019 em 60 olivais representando níveis crescentes de simplificação estrutural (usada como um indicador da intensificação agrícola). Os olivais foram classificados como exibindo complexidade estrutural alta (HIGH; n = 27), intermédia (MID; n = 18) ou baixa (LOW; n = 15). As divergências temporais entre os níveis de atividade de P. kuhlii e P. oleae variaram entre as estações do ano e tipos de olivais, sendo comparativamente menores no verão do que na primavera e outono. Além disso, o verão foi a única estação em que as divergências temporais entre pares de espécies diferiram entre tipos de olivais, com divergências temporais mais elevadas em olivais LOW do que em olivais HIGH e MID. No geral, o nosso trabalho demonstra a existência de divergências temporais entre os padrões de atividade noturna de P. kuhlii e P. oleae . Além disso, demonstra que a simplificação estrutural dos olivais aumenta as divergências temporais entre pares de espécies, especialmente no verão, quando os serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos são mais necessários. Síntese e aplicações : Os trabalhos de investigação no futuro devem ter em conta as divergências entre os padrões temporais de atividade de morcegos insetívoros e insetos‐praga. Caso contrário, o impacto real da intensificação agrícola nos serviços de biocontrole mediados por morcegos, bem como o impacto económico da sua perda na indústria agrícola, pode ser subestimado. Para incrementar os serviços de biocontrole, propomos o aumento da disponibilidade de abrigos e locais de alimentação, bem como a conservação de áreas de bosques nativos remanescentes e árvores dispersas.
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Christias, Panagiotis, and Mariana Mocanu. "A Machine Learning Framework for Olive Farms Profit Prediction." Water 13, no. 23 (2021): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233461.
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Agricultural systems are constantly stressed due to higher demands for products. Consequently, water resources consumed on irrigation are increased. In combination with the climatic change, those are major obstacles to maintaining sustainable development, especially in a semi-arid land. This paper presents an end-to-end Machine Learning framework for predicting the potential profit from olive farms. The objective is to estimate the optimal economic gain while preserving water resources on irrigation by considering various related factors such as climatic conditions, crop management practices, soil characteristics, and crop yield. The case study focuses on olive tree farms located on the Hellenic Island of Crete. Real data from the farms and the weather in the area will be used. The target is to build a framework that will preprocess input data, compare the results among a group of Machine Learning algorithms and propose the best-predicted value of economic profit. Various aspects during this process will be thoroughly examined such as the bias-variance tradeoff and the problem of overfitting, data transforms, feature engineering and selection, ensemble methods as well as pursuing optimal resampling towards better model accuracy. Results indicated that through data preprocessing and resampling, Machine Learning algorithms performance is enhanced. Ultimately, prediction accuracy and reliability are greatly improved compared to algorithms’ performances without the framework’s operation.
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HEGAZI, ESMAT MOHAMED, ANNETTE HERZ, SHERIF HASSAN, et al. "Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt." Insect Science 12, no. 3 (2005): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1005-295x.2005.00023.x.
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Aribi, Fatma, Mondher Fetoui, Mariem Sghaier, Mohamed Jaouad, and Mongi Sghaier. "Typological analysis of farming systems diversity and performance: A case study of Southern Tunisia." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4, Special (2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.spiss052022.
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In Tunisian arid regions, farming systems are increasingly exposed to quick environmental and socio-economic changes, which may reduce their performance and resilience. This paper seeks to assess the performance of farming systems in the district of Sidi Makhlouf (Southeast of Tunisia) considering their diversity. Thus, a typology of farms based on data from the 2004-2005 structure surveys was developed using multidimensional analyzes and the expert method. Multidimensional analyzes have identified three groups of farms: “Rain-fed olive farms”, “Irrigated farms”, and “Livestock farms”. Representative farms were chosen by local agricultural experts to conduct an in-depth analysis of the identified groups. Then, two field surveys were performed with the chosen farmers. Characterization and analysis of homogeneous "reference farm groups" confirm their socioeconomic and technical performance diversity, according to the capital endowment and the strategies implemented by farmers. These results suggest that agricultural policies and interventions should be targeted to strengthen performances and to respond to the specific contexts of each farms’ group.
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Basso Valeria, González, Di Barbaro Gabriela, Felicetti Julieta, and Ribero Gustavo. "Verticillium dahliae Kleb, regionally important phytopathogen agent." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2023.10.00323.
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Verticillium dahliae is a soil phytopathogenic fungus that presents a wide range of susceptible hosts, both herbaceous and woody, which are considered of agronomic, ornamental and forestry interest. Among the species of agronomic interest and regional importance are the olive tree (Olea europaea) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), among others. The application of prevention and control measures requires the identification of the etiological agent that causes diseases, for which the objective of this work was to determine the presence, isolation, and identification of the etiological agent of the Olive Verticillium disease that manifests itself in the olive groves of the provinces of Catamarca and La Rioja, the main olive (Olea europaea L.) producing provinces in the Argentine Republic. Sampling was carried out in different olive farms in Catamarca and La Rioja to obtain the material for the isolation of V. dahliae, until obtaining pure cultures and selection of strains. The morphological and molecular identification of the isolates was carried out. The isolation and morphological, functional, and genetic identification of V. dahliae as a phytopathogenic agent of olive verticillium wilt was achieved, in olive plant var. Arauco of the province of Catamarca
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Granado-Díaz, Rubén, Anastasio J. Villanueva, and José A. Gómez-Limón. "¿Resultaría económicamente eficiente un programa de reconversión ecológica para el olivar de montaña andaluz?" Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 20, no. 1 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2020.01.05.
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This paper analyses the efficiency of a possible agri-environmental scheme aimed at promoting the partial or complete abandonment of the agricultural production in mountain olive groves in Andalusia in order to enhance the provision of environmental public goods (biodiversity and soil functionality). The results obtained show that this scheme would generate positive net social gains (public benefits greater than social costs) only if the scheme is focused on low-yield olive farms and includes low to moderate payments (125 and 500 €/ha·year for partial and total abandonment, respectively).
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Tzouramani, Irene, Stamatis Mantziaris, and Pavlos Karanikolas. "Assessing Sustainability Performance at the Farm Level: Examples from Greek Agricultural Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072929.
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In recent years, farmers and policymakers have faced ample challenges and have struggled to support the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Sustainable agriculture encompasses multiple concepts, and its performance produces extensive debate about data requirements, appropriate indicators, evaluation methods, and tools. Under the European Union (EU) financed project FLINT (Farm Level Indicators for New Topics in policy evaluation), detailed data have been collected at the farm level to provide broader coverage of sustainability indicators on a wide range of relevant topics to facilitate the assessment of sustainability performance. The approach has been applied in a pilot network of representative farms at the EU level, considering the heterogeneity of the EU farming sector to provide data infrastructure with up to date information for sustainability indicators. This study aims to assess sustainability performance at the farm level in Greece. Representative and dominant agricultural systems, such as permanent crops, olive trees, arable crops, and livestock (sheep) farms, comprise the Greek sample. It uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology and attempts to gain insights into the sustainability performance of agricultural systems. The outcome of the sustainability assessment reveals knowledge and develops support for strategic farm choices in order to support both farmers and policymakers towards more sustainable development plans. The results indicate that three typical Mediterranean farming systems, namely permanent crops, olive trees, and extensive livestock systems (sheep farms), are more sustainable in contrast to intensive and arable crop farms.
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Colombo, S., M. Perujo-Villanueva, and A. Ruz-Carmona. "Is bigger better? Evidence from olive-grove farms in Andalusia." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1199 (April 2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1199.27.
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Tzouvelekas, Vangelis M., Konstantinos Giannakas, Peter Midmore, and Konstantinos Mattas. "Technical efficiency measures for olive-growing farms in Crete, Greece." International Advances in Economic Research 3, no. 2 (1997): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02294936.
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Messina, Gaetano, and Giuseppe Modica. "The Role of Remote Sensing in Olive Growing Farm Management: A Research Outlook from 2000 to the Present in the Framework of Precision Agriculture Applications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (2022): 5951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235951.
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Given the importance of olive growing, especially in Mediterranean countries, it is crucial that there is a constant process of modernization aimed at both environmental sustainability and the maintenance of high standards of production. The use of remote sensing (RS) allows intervention in a specific and differentiated way in olive groves, depending on their variability, in managing different agronomic aspects. The potentialities of the application of RS in olive growing are topics of great agronomic interest to olive growers. Using the tools provided by RS and the modernization of the olive sector can bring great future prospects by reducing costs, optimizing agronomic management, and improving production quantity and quality. This article is part of a review that aims to cover the past, from the 2000s onwards, and the most recent applications of aerial RS in olive growing in order to be able to include research and all topics related to the use of RS on olive trees. As far as the use of RS platforms such as satellites, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as olive growing is concerned, a literature review showed the presence of several works devoted to this topic. This article covers purely agronomic matters of interest to olive farms (and related research that includes the application of RS), such as yielding and managing diseases and pests, and detection and counting of olive trees. In addition to these topics, there are other relevant aspects concerning the characterization of the canopy structure of olive trees which is particularly interesting for mechanized pruning management and phenotyping.
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Lanfranchi, Maurizio, Carmelo Algeri, Vihra Dimitrova, Angelina De Pascale, and Carlo Giannetto. "Analyzing consumer willingness to pay for organic extra virgin olive oil: A logit model approach." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 7, no. 1 (2024): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v7i1.2504.
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The present study examines the elements that influence Italians' willingness to pay a higher price for organic olive oil. As a result, a survey was conducted involving a heterogeneous sample of 332 consumers and their propensity to spend a surplus price was examined using a logit model. According to the study findings, consumers are willing to pay more for organic olive oil and this willingness to pay increases with age, education level, living in a smaller household, consumption of organic food and traditional sources such as producers, retailers and supermarkets. The empirical investigation demonstrates the convenience for farms of converting olive oil production from conventional to organic in order to fulfill customer needs. Companies are able to plan their medium-and long-term commercial activities when they can predict customer preferences. Indeed, consumer information may have a beneficial effect on the community as a whole due to the considerable quantity of positive environmental externalities associated with organic olive production.
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Mastronardi, Luigi, Aurora Cavallo, and Luca Romagnoli. "Diversified Farms Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic: First Signals from Italian Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145709.
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The paper focuses on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on some Italian farms. In particular, the aim is to investigate the consequences of the health emergency on diversified farms, their reactions, and their agricultural and rural policy needs in order to overcome the crisis. The research path investigates five farms of central Italy through semi-structured interviews. The identified case studies are characterized by the heterogeneity of features and farms’ activities. These activities include agritourism, on-farm processing of plant and animal products (mainly olive oils, fruits, and cheese), bio-energy production, tastings and leisure activities, educational farms, and contracting of farm equipment. A qualitative–quantitative analysis based on textual analysis techniques, particularly content and sentiment analysis, was performed. The results highlight the importance of farm diversification and networks in farms’ strategies in dealing with the Covid-19 crisis. Furthermore, the presence of both synergies and trade-offs in different types of diversification is found. These results have interesting policy implications that should be more explicitly taken into account to target the next rural development measures.
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Abozeid, Amr, Rayan Alanazi, Ahmed Elhadad, Ahmed I. Taloba, and Rasha M. Abd El-Aziz. "A Large-Scale Dataset and Deep Learning Model for Detecting and Counting Olive Trees in Satellite Imagery." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (January 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1549842.
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Since the Pre-Roman era, olive trees have a significant economic and cultural value. In 2019, the Al-Jouf region, in the north of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, gained a global presence by entering the Guinness World Records, with the largest number of olive trees in the world. Olive tree detecting and counting from a given satellite image are a significant and difficult computer vision problem. Because olive farms are spread out over a large area, manually counting the trees is impossible. Moreover, accurate automatic detection and counting of olive trees in satellite images have many challenges such as scale variations, weather changes, perspective distortions, and orientation changes. Another problem is the lack of a standard database of olive trees available for deep learning applications. To address these problems, we first build a large-scale olive dataset dedicated to deep learning research and applications. The dataset consists of 230 RGB images collected over the territory of Al-Jouf, KSA. We then propose an efficient deep learning model (SwinTUnet) for detecting and counting olive trees from satellite imagery. The proposed SwinTUnet is a Unet-like network which consists of an encoder, a decoder, and skip connections. Swin Transformer block is the fundamental unit of SwinTUnet to learn local and global semantic information. The results of an experimental study on the proposed dataset show that the SwinTUnet model outperforms the related studies in terms of overall detection with a 0.94% estimation error.
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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Carlos Parra-López, Samir Sayadi-Gmada, Jesús M. Barandica, and Alejandro J. Rescia. "Evaluation of the Objectives and Concerns of Farmers to Apply Different Agricultural Managements in Olive Groves: The Case of Estepa Region (Southern, Spain)." Land 9, no. 10 (2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100366.
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Olive groves are representative of the landscape and culture of Spain. They occupy 2.5 M ha (1.5 M ha in Andalusia) and are characterised by their multifunctionality. In recent years, socio-economic and environmental factors (i.e., erosion) have compromised their sustainability, leading farmers to abandon their farms or intensify their management. The main objective/purpose of this research was to study the drivers and concerns that condition farmers’ choice of a given olive grove management model. Taking the Estepa region as a case study (Andalusia, Spain), surveys were conducted among farmers with integrated and organic managed olive groves. The socio-economic aspects were the main objectives and concerns of the farmers with integrated olive groves. In the case of farmers with organic management, conservation objectives prevailed, and their concerns were oriented to environmental threats. The education level was a key factor in the adoption of given farm management, as it increased the level of environmental awareness. In the context of multifunctional agriculture, it would be desirable to increase this awareness of the environmental threats against olive groves, in order to provide incentives for the implementation of agri-environmental practices that would enhance the sustainability of these systems.
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Ilak Peršurić, Anita Silvana. "Segmenting Olive Oil Consumers Based on Consumption and Preferences toward Extrinsic, Intrinsic and Sensorial Attributes of Olive Oil." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166379.
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The aim of this paper was to identify and describe segments of a study population that consumes olive oil. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 705 German and 175 UK consumers. In both samples, three consumer segments were identified. These three segments differed significantly with regard to purchase and consumption patterns, as well as attitudes toward the extrinsic, intrinsic, sensorial, and health attributes of olive oil. Their main preferences related to health properties of olive oil, followed by hedonic attributes; therefore, these aspects should be marketed in German markets. For UK consumers, validation of extrinsic attributes, such as region, micro-location, and protected designation of geographical origin (PDO), should be used in marketing campaigns in light of economic sustainability on local family farms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Since UK consumers rely heavily on vendors’ recommendations, more effort should be made in the UK market to establish habits of consumption and an olive oil culture that would be sustainable in long-term time frames.
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Sohn, Hanchang, Chang Nam Jin, Jeongeun Kim, et al. "Investigation of Disease Outbreak Trends through Monitoring of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju Island." Korean Institute of Smart Media 13, no. 11 (2024): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.30693/smj.2024.13.11.49.
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Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a major aquaculture species in Korea, with over 50% of the total production is produced in Jeju. To investigate the disease outbreak trends in olive flounder aquaculture farms on Jeju Island, monitoring was conducted from May 2022 to December 2023. A total of 2,168 olive flounder were collected, and the detection and infection trends of disease outbreak were analyzed. A total of 1,057 cases involving four bacterial species, 1,073 cases involving five parasitic species, and 98 cases involving two viral species were identified and detected. The dominant pathogens detected were scuticociliates, Trichodina spp., two myxosporean species (Enteromyxum leei, Pavicapsula anisocaudata), Tenacibaculum maritimum, and Streptococcus spp. Among them, most pathogens, except for T. maritimum, Edwardsiella piscicida., and E. leei, did not show clear seasonality and were detected year-round. The study found that single infections had a higher prevalence compared to co-infections.
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Testa, Riccardo, Anna Maria Di Trapani, Filippo Sgroi, and Salvatore Tudisca. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESS INNOVATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OLIVE FARMS." American Journal of Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2014): 1486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2014.1486.1491.
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Jung, Joo-Young, Soohwan Kim, Kyochan Kim, Bong-Joo Lee, Kang-Woong Kim, and Hyon-Sob Han. "Feed and Disease at Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Farms in Korea." Fishes 5, no. 3 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5030021.
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The objective of this study was to conduct field experiments comparing formulated (extruded pellets (E.P)) and raw-fish (moist pellets (M.P)) feeds at two flounder aquaculture farms for six months to obtain the basic data necessary for improving aquafarmers’ awareness of feed-quality issues and firmly establish and expand the use of formulated feed. According to the results, the M.P group was higher in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate and lower in mortality rate than the E.P group. All cases of mortality were caused by six kinds of disease, four of which (Vibrio sp., Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., and Scuticociliates) were common to the two groups, whereas Lymphocystis arose only in the M.P group and abdominal inflation only in the E.P group at both farms. As for mortality in the present experiment, the numbers were 1047 at Da-Hae farm and 1167 at Global farm, with more fish dying in the E.P tanks than in the M.P tanks. By multiplying the number of deaths by selling price, the economic losses were $9650 and $10,756, respectively. Therefore, it should be considered an urgent priority to develop flounder-exclusive formulated feed for improved digestion and absorption rate and also to establish a water-quality-improvement management plan.
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Herrera, J. M., P. Costa, D. Medinas, J. T. Marques, and A. Mira. "Community composition and activity of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean olive farms." Animal Conservation 18, no. 6 (2015): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12209.
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Sultan, Mhasin Mahmoud, and Firas Ibrahim Rahim. "The Value Chain Analysis of Olive Crop in Nineveh Governorate for the 2023 production Season." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1487, no. 1 (2025): 012226. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012226.
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Abstract The research aimed to estimate the added value of production outputs for Value chain links for olive crops in Nineveh Governorate for the production season 2023, and to calculate the costs (productivity, marketing), revenues and profits, in addition to diagnosing the problems and challenges facing the olive sector in Nineveh Governorate. The research adopted the research hypothesis that the performance of the value chain of the olive crop achieves added value to the agricultural domestic product and the research problem is that despite the increase in the areas planted with olive trees in Nineveh Governorate and the increase in the quantities produced, the reality of production and productivity indicates its decline. The research relied on the primary data collected through questionnaire forms for more than (900) farmers with areas exceeding (16115) dunums, where a stratified sample of productive olive farms was selected with (225) questionnaire forms representing 25% of the study community for the agricultural season 2023. As for the number of orchards at the level of Nineveh Governorate, it amounted to approximately (965) orchards. It consists of The study community consists of the basic links: the production link, followed by the marketing link, which includes a sub-link, which is the wholesalers’ link, then the manufacturing link, which is one of the basic links and includes (pickling factories, olive presses), then the distribution link, which includes the sub-link of retail traders, followed by the consumption link, which is one of the basic and final links of the value chain for the olive crop. The average revenues per dunum amounted to (1,079,000) dinars/dunum and (650,000) dinars/ton. As for the total costs (production and marketing), they amounted to (1,326,721,089) dinars at the sample level and (700,289.6023) dinars/dunum, while for one ton, they amounted to (421,710.3658) dinars/ton. The total added value for the production link sample amounted to (1,052,761,019) dinars for the sample, while the added value at the level of one ton (63419338) dinars/ton and its value per kilogram was (634.193) dinars/kg. The research results indicate that there is an increase in production costs, especially in years with low rainfall rates and reliance on irrigation. In addition to that, the high cost of harvesting the olive crop, so it is recommended to pay attention to the olive harvesting processes so that it is not exposed to scratching and oxidation, which reduces its price and to expand the cultivation of high-oil productive varieties to increase the added value, and to pay attention to the preservation and packaging processes of olives to raise the added value in order to raise the competitive advantage of the olive crop in foreign markets.
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Luna, José Miguel Madueño, Antonio Madueño Luna, and Rafael E. Hidalgo Fernández. "Characterization and Differentiation between Olive Varieties through Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, Neural Networks and IoT." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205932.
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Electrical impedance has shown itself to be useful in measuring the properties and characteristics of agri-food products: fruit quality, moisture content, the germination capacity in seeds or the frost-resistance of fruit. In the case of olives, it has been used to determine fat content and optimal harvest time. In this paper, a system based on the System on Chip (SoC) AD5933 running a 1024-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to return the impedance value as a magnitude and phase and which, working together with two ADG706 analog multiplexers and an external programmable clock based on a synthesized DDS in a FPGA XC3S250E-4VQG100C, allows for the impedance measurement in agri-food products with a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This paper demonstrates how electrical impedance is affected by the temperature both in freshly picked olives and in those processed in brine and provides a way to characterize cultivars by making use of only the electrical impedance, neural networks (NN) and the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing information to be collected from the olive samples analyzed both on farms and in factories.