Academic literature on the topic 'Olympic combat sports'
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Journal articles on the topic "Olympic combat sports"
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Franchini, Emerson. "Energy System Contributions during Olympic Combat Sports: A Narrative Review." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020297.
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This narrative review focuses on the studies that estimate the energy systems’ contributions during match simulations of striking (boxing, karate, and taekwondo), grappling (judo), and weapon-based (fencing) Olympic combat sports. The purpose is to provide insights into the metabolism of these athletes. In striking Olympic combat sports, the oxidative contribution varied from 62% (in karate and taekwondo) to 86% (in boxing), the ATP-PCr system contribution varied from 10% (in boxing) to 31% (in taekwondo), and the glycolytic contribution was between 3% (in the third round of taekwondo) and 21% (in karate). In grappling combat sports, only judo was studied, and for a 4 min match, the oxidative contribution was 79%, followed by 14% ATP-PCr system contribution and 7% contribution from the glycolytic system. In fencing, the only weapon-based Olympic combat sport, the oxidative contribution varied from 81% (in the first bout) to 90% (in the second bout), followed by 9% (bout 2) to 12% (bout 1) contribution from the ATP-PCr system, and 0.6% to 7% contribution from the glycolytic system during 3 × 3 min bouts of épée match simulation. Hence, Olympic combat sports are primarily powered by the oxidative system, but the key scoring actions are likely fueled by anaerobic pathways.
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Zadorozhna, O. "Concept of Tactics in Modern Olympic Combat Sports." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.02.277.
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The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of tactics in modern Olympic martial arts. The urgency of the work is due to the needs of the training system of athletes and the mandatory practice of organizing and conducting specialized activities to achieve results in specific conflict situations, taking into account current trends in Olympic martial arts. The purpose of the research is theoretical and methodological substantiation of tactics in modern Olympic martial arts. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, study of documentary materials, sociological survey methods (expert assessment), ascertaining pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Tactics in modern Olympic martial arts should be considered as a system that covers the theory and practice of organizing and conducting special activities of the subjects of the personalized subsystem of the training system, the main purpose of which is to achieve sports results by using various schemes and tools according to certain rules. specific sport, and current environmental conditions. The springboard, or the most important starting position, which dictates the nature of special activities (tactics) are the current trends in the development of Olympic martial arts. At each of the seven levels, tactics are implemented in the following areas: perception of the environment and search for information needed to understand the situation, analysis of information and its comparison with previous experience and purpose, selection and decision-making, implementation of decisions and evaluation. Conclusions. The concept of tactics in modern Olympic martial arts is a system of views on it as a multilevel and multidimensional phenomenon that exists in several areas - competitive and non-competitive activities. The levels of implementation of tactics are as follows: tactical interaction (during the technical reception); duel; team meeting; tournament and its stages; competition systems - during the season, the Olympic cycle and their totality. At each of the seven levels, tactics are implemented in the following areas: perception of the environment and search for information needed to understand the situation, analysis of information and its comparison with previous experience and purpose, selection and decision-making, implementation of decisions and evaluation
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Zadorozhna, O., Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Vovk, and Pesternikov V. "Features of the Selection Systems for Athletes-Candidates to the Ukrainian National Team for Participation in the Olympic Games (on the Example of Combat Sports)." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (October 24, 2020): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.357.
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The article presents the analysis of the peculiarities of the selection systems for athletes-candidates to the Ukrainian national team for participation in the Olympic Games (on the example of combat sports). The urgency of the work is due to the need to develop and implement a modern model of Olympic training in combat sports, which would allow the athletes to compete successfully in the international arena. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the current selection systems for athletes-candidates to the Ukrainian national team to participate in the Olympic Games (on the example of combat sports). Material and methods. Theoretical analysis, generalization of literature and Internet data, documentary method allowed to identify trends in modern Olympic combat sports and analyze the selection systems governing the inclusion of Ukrainian athletes in the starting lineup of participants in the Olympic Games in modern combat sports (fencing, boxing, Free and Greco-Roman wrestling, judo, taekwondo, karate). Results and discussion. Most of the provisions of the selection systems for athletes-candidates to the Ukrainian national team to participate in the Olympic Games are similar. In most combat sports, selection is based on an analysis of the performances of athletes in national and international competitions, competitiveness and the results of personal fights with major rivals who will participate in the Olympic Games. Selection for the starting lineup of the team at the main competitions of the season or four-year Olympic cycle consists of several stages, each of which determines a different number of athletes-candidates for the national team. As the year of the next Olympic Games approaches, the number of candidates is decreasing proportionally. The peculiarity of all systems of national selection in modern Olympic combat sports is that the athlete needs to realize his (her) potential in almost every competition during the annual macrocycle, as it depends on the prospect of his inclusion in the starting lineup of the national team at major competitions. Taking into account the fact that the body's adaptive capabilities are limited, it is important to determine the appropriateness of the athlete's performance in a particular tournament, taking into account his (her) position in national and world rankings, and other conditions governing its inclusion in the starting lineup. Conclusion. Differences in the selection systems are the mechanisms for determining the starting lineups of the team in the main competitions of the season or four-year Olympic cycle (demonstration of a certain result or winning a place in a particular tournament, position in the world rankings, obtaining an Olympic license)
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Ruddock, Alan, Lachlan James, Duncan French, David Rogerson, Matthew Driller, and David Hembrough. "High-Intensity Conditioning for Combat Athletes: Practical Recommendations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210658.
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Combat sports have been practiced for millennia and today are predominant sports at the Olympic games, with international organizations that host world, continental and national championships at amateur standard. There are also an increasing number of professional combat sports with global audiences. The growing popularity of professional combat sports and their importance at the Olympic games have led to an increase in scientific studies that characterize the physical, physiological, nutritional, biomechanical and training strategies of combat sports athletes. These studies characterize combat sports as high-intensity sports which require training strategies to develop the high-intensity capabilities of athletes. Therefore, the aim of this article is to (i) summarize the physiological demands of combat sports; (ii) present the primary considerations required to program high-intensity conditioning for athletes; (iii) define and present key high-intensity conditioning methods; and (iv) provide guidance for scientists and coaches to help prepare athletes under common but differing circumstances.
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Pettersson, Stefan, and Christina M. Berg. "Dietary Intake at Competition in Elite Olympic Combat Sports." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0041.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate elite female (n = 21) and male (n = 47) combat sports athletes’ (n = 68; mean age (± SD) 21.3 ± 3.8 years; mean height 177 ± 10.2 cm) dietary intake between weigh-in and the first bout in Olympic combat sports. The data were collected at 6 separate tournaments and measurements included estimated food records, time for recovery, and body weight (BW) at weigh-in and first match. In total, 33 athletes participated in wrestling and taekwondo, sports with extended recovery times, and 35 athletes in judo and boxing, sports with limited recovery time. The results displayed that despite a mean consumption of food and drinks corresponding to 4.2 kg, the athletes only regained an average of 1.9 kg BW during recovery. Water accounted for 86% of the total intake. For each liter of water consumed, athletes gained 0.57 kg BW, when excluding heavy weight athletes (n = 5). Carbohydrate consumption was 5.5 g/kg BW, compared with the recommended 8–10 g/kg BW. In total, one-quarter of the consumed water originated from carbohydrate-rich drinks. Given the average recovery time of 18 (wrestling, taekwondo) versus 8 hr (judo, boxing), the former group consumed twice the amount of water, carbohydrates, protein, and fat as the latter group. In conclusion, a large proportion of the participants did not meet the recovery nutrition guidelines for carbohydrates. In addition, the discrepancy between nutrient intake and weight gain points to the physiological barriers to retaining fluids during a limited recovery time after engaging in weight making practices.
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Franchini, Emerson, and Monica Yuri Takito. "Home advantage in combat sports during the Olympic Games." Sport Sciences for Health 12, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0286-9.
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Reale, Reid, Louise M. Burke, Gregory R. Cox, and Gary Slater. "Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes." European Journal of Sport Science 20, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1616826.
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Julio, Ursula Ferreira, and Emerson Franchini. "Developing aerobic power and capacity for combat sports athletes." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 16, no. 1s (March 23, 2021): 10–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v16i1s.7000.
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This chapter describes the physiological responses associated with aerobic power and capacity of combat sports athletes from different modalities (judo, Brazilian jiu-Jitsu, wrestling, Olympic boxing, taekwondo, karate and muay-thai) during specific and non-specific situations. Moreover, we describe the most used methods for the control and monitoring of these variables. Finally, the longitudinal studies that investigated the effects of aerobic power and capacity training for combat sports athletes are descripted.
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Bromley, Sally J., Michael K. Drew, Scott Talpey, Andrew S. McIntosh, and Caroline F. Finch. "A systematic review of prospective epidemiological research into injury and illness in Olympic combat sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097313.
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BackgroundCombat sports involve body contact through striking, kicking and/or throwing. They are anecdotally referred to as ‘dangerous’, yet long-term investigation into specific injury rates is yet to be explored.ObjectiveTo describe incidence and prevalence of injury and illness within Olympic combat sports and to investigate risk of bias of prospective injury and illness research within these sports.MethodsWe systematically searched literature published up until May 2016. We included prospective studies of injury/illness in elite combat athletes lasting more than 12 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist for methodological quality. Included studies were mapped to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence.ResultsNine studies were included, and most (n=6) had moderate risk of bias. Studies provided level 1/2b evidence that the most frequently injured areas were the head/face (45.8%), wrist (12.0%) and lower back (7.8%) in boxing; the lower back (10.9%), shoulder (10.2%) and knee (9.7%) in judo; the fingers (22.8%) and thigh (9.1%) in taekwondo; and the knee (24.8%), shoulder (17.8%) and head/face (16.6%) in wrestling. Heterogeneity of injury severity classifications and inconsistencies inexposure measures prevented any direct comparisons of injury severity/incidence across combat sports.ConclusionsThere is currently a lack of consensus in the collection of injury/illness data, limiting the development of prevention programmes for combat sport as a whole. However, sport-specific data that identify body areas with high injury frequency can provide direction to clinicians, enabling them to focus their attention on developing pathologies in these areas. In doing so, clinicians can enhance the practical elements of their role within the integrated combat sport performance team and assist in the regular update of surveillance records.
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Cherifi, Nassima, John A. Johnson, and Seung-Tae Chin. "Expertise development of elite Taekwondo coaches." Physical Activity Review 11, no. 1 (2023): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2023.11.15.
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Objective: While numerous studies on the expertise of elite sports coaches have been conducted, few studies have been conducted on coaching Taekwondo, an Olympic sport rapidly gaining worldwide popularity. Yet, as a combat sport with Asian martial arts roots, elite Taekwondo coaches may have different needs than their peers in other sports. The present study thus explored elite Taekwondo coaches during the course of their careers. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Coaches (n=9) were selected via purposeful sampling and were all elite Taekwondo coaches with more than 10 years’ experience in elite Taekwondo coaching. Focused questions examined the transition of expert elite Taekwondo coaches through various stages in their careers to explore their expertise development process. Results: Five key variables emerged from the analysis of the expert coaches’ growth toward expertise. These variables correlate with what other coaches of elite coaches experienced during their development, thus evidencing that coaching Olympic Taekwondo is not unlike coaching other elite sports.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Olympic combat sports"
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Bromley, Sally. "Epidemiology, injury and illness prevention in Olympic combat sports." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/166415.
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Background: Olympic combat sports are commonly considered dangerous, however injury rates for these sports are not well understood. Isolated studies in combat sports have investigated injury, however these are mainly during competition, and therefore are unlikely to include significant or persistent injury which prevents athletes competing and participating in data collection. This thesis was undertaken as a series of linked studies, to provide further detail into the types, mechanisms and aetiology of injuries in combat sports. Methods: Study 1 was a systematic review that utilised the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the current evidence. Study 2 was a repeated measures study to examine the reliability of training load measures. Study 3 employed a longitudinal study design to assess the feasibility of injury, illness and training load monitoring. Finally, Study 4 was a cross-sectional cohort study that gathered perspectives of combat sport coaches and managers before and after an injury and illness prevention workshop. Results: Study 1 found one high-quality epidemiological study with low risk of bias in Judo. Variation in injury and illness definitions prevented cross-sport comparisons, however the injury incidence was comparable to other sports. In Study 2, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was shown to have good stability across sessions (ICC=0.84), and no significant differences were found between coach (observed) and athlete (experienced) RPE (ordered logistic regression coefficient = 0.47 [1.51–0.57 95%CI]). Study 3 found that athlete engagement with the monitoring system was low, with only 13% of athletes entering data across a 12-week period. Irrespective of low engagement, 62 injuries and illnesses were recorded. In Study 4, combat sport coaches and managers were found to be generally well informed of the risk and seriousness of injury and illness, however, illness risk perceptions changed after the workshop (p=0.048). Discussion and Conclusion: Currently, cross-sport comparisons are not possible due to varying data methodology and study quality. Based upon the results presented in this thesis, RPE can be used as a tool to quantify training load in the sport of judo. Longitudinal surveillance of training load, injury and illness in combat sport is not currently feasible within the Australian system, due to low uptake and engagement. However, the collection of data on a large number of injuries and illnesses indicates that athletes are experiencing multiple, repeated health problems. Coaches and managers are well informed about injury and illness risk and seriousness, indicating that injury and illness prevention education alone may not translate to a decrease in injury and illness incidence in combat sport.Doctor of Philosophy
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Nunes, Alexandre Velly. "A influência da imigração japonesa no desenvolvimento do judô brasileiro : uma genealogia dos atletas brasileiros medalhistas em jogos olímpicos e campeonatos mundiais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/48926.
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O Brasil conquistou 38 medalhas no judô de 1956 a 2010 em campeonatos mundiais (CM) e de 1964-2008 em Jogos Olímpicos (JO). Estas medalhas estão divididas entre 23 atletas. Sete deles conquistaram medalhas em JO e CM. Aurélio Miguel (1988-1996), Tiago Camilo (2000-2008) e Leandro Guilheiro (2004-2008), se destacam com duas medalhas em JO e em CM. O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar uma genealogia do judô brasileiro e compreender a dimensão da influência da imigração japonesa neste contexto. Este estudo utilizou a metodologia de História Oral de Vida Híbrida. Foram entrevistados os medalhistas brasileiros em JO e CM até 2010 e os seus respectivos professores. Analisando as entrevistas identifiquei os ascendentes judoísticos dos atletas, até a determinação dos seus respectivos genearcas. Assumiu-se que genearca é aquele que chegou ao Brasil com conhecimentos suficientes para ministrar aulas de judô/jiu-jitsu. A maioria dos genearcas do judô brasileiro são imigrantes japoneses. Fogem a essa regra o sensei Georges Mehdi, naturalizado brasileiro e o sensei João Graf Vassoux. Mitsuyo Maeda foi o primeiro a chegar e fazer demonstrações de judô no Brasil, em 1914. Em 1936 Ryuzo Ogawa fundou a Budokan. Ele é o genearca que influenciou o maior número destes atletas. Antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial (SGM) verifiquei a importância do trabalho de Yassuishi Ono, Sobei Tani, e Katsutoshi Naito, em SP, Sadai Ishihara no Paraná, Soishiro Satake em Manaus e Takeo Yano em vários estados. Após a SGM identifiquei a influência de Chiaki Ishii, Shuhei Okano e Ikuo Onodera em SP, Teruo Obata e Naoshige Ushijima no RS e Michio Ninomiya no DF. O surgimento e a expansão do judô no Brasil está diretamente relacionado ao processo de imigração japonesa. Encontrei dois perfis de professores: os formadores e os treinadores. Destacam-se os professores: Massao Shinohara, Paulo Duarte, Orlando Hirakawa e Uichiro Umakakeba, formadores de nove judocas que conquistaram 18 das 38 medalhas brasileiras da história. Como treinador, destaca-se Floriano de Almeida que influenciou a carreira de sete medalhistas. Os locais de formação são distintos daqueles onde os atletas alcançaram as suas melhores performances. Entre os dojos formadores destaco as associações de judô: Vila Sônia, Hirakawa e Paulo Duarte.Brazil won 38 medals at world championships (WC) from 1956 to 2010 and at Olympic Games (OG) from 1964 to 2008. Twenty three Brazilian athletes won those medals. Seven won medals on OG and WC. Aurélio Miguel (1988-1996), Tiago Camilo (2000-2008) and Leandro Guilheiro (2004-2008), won two medals at OG and at WC. This study searched for the judo roots from those athletes using oral histories of life as a methodology. All the 23 athletes, that won medals at WC and/or OG until 2010 were interviewed as well as their coaches. The objective was to find the ‘genearc’ from each athlete. Genearc is the sensei which had knowledge to teach judo/jiu-jitsu when they arrived in Brazil. Most of those genearcs are Japanese immigrants, but we find two “gaijins” among them, sensei Georges Mehdi, who came from France, and one Brazilian, sensei João Graf Vassoux. The first immigrants arrived in 1908 and Mitsuyo Maeda was the first fighter to show jiu-jitsu/judo in Brazil, in 1914. Ryuzo Ogawa, who created the Budokan in 1936, is the genearc who had influence over most of those athletes. The Japanese play a very important role in the development of Brazilian judo. The teachers have two different profiles, professors or coaches. The judo clubs are also identified as places to begin and grow or place to train and win. Four professors were very important during this period, Massao Shinohara, Paulo Duarte, Orlando Hirakawa and Uichiro Umakakeba. They taught nine athletes which won 18 from 38 Brazilian medals. As a coach Floriano Almeida had great influence over seven Brazilian medalists. Before the II War Yassuishi Ono, Sobei Tani, Ryuzo Ogawa and Katsutoshi Naito were the most important names, in São Paulo; Sadai Ishihara, in Paraná; Ghengo Katayama and Yoshimasa Nagashima in Rio de Janeiro, Soishiro Satake, in Manaus and Takeo Yano in several places. After the II War, Chiaki Ishii, Shuhei Okano and Ikuo Onodera were important names in São Paulo, Teruo Obata and Naoshige Ushijima in Porto Alegre and Michio Ninomiya in Brasília. The following dojos: Vila Sônia, Hirakawa and Paulo Duarte were the places which prepare more judo medalists from the beginning to the highest level.
Books on the topic "Olympic combat sports"
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Pettersson, Stefan. Nutrition in olympic combat sports: Elite athletes' dietary intake, hydration status and experiences of weight regulation. Göteborg: University of Gothenburg, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2013.
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Martial arts, boxing, and other combat sports. New York, NY: Crabtree Pub. Company, 2008.
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Thomas, Damion L. Playing Politics. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037177.003.0004.
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This chapter highlights the formalization of U.S. Cold War sport foreign policy. As the Soviet Union reentered the Olympic movement in 1952, sport took on heightened meaning, and became a proxy for combat in the atomic age. Thus, this chapter highlights how the two superpowers fought for athletic supremacy, as well as how the United States developed a program of international athletic goodwill tours as a means to counteract the Soviet Union's successful implementation of its own athletic foreign policy program. Sports became a crucial Cold War weapon that deployed the notions of strength and cultural, political, and economic superiority over the Soviet Union.
Book chapters on the topic "Olympic combat sports"
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Jennings, George, and Beatriz Cabrera Velázquez. "Gender Inequality in Olympic Boxing: Exploring Structuration through Online Resistance against Weight Category Restrictions." In Global Perspectives on Women in Combat Sports, 89–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137439369_6.
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Stefani, Raymond T. "The Marketing Implications of Up-and-Coming Sports and of Official International Sports Rating Systems." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 241–63. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7617-4.ch011.
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To effectively market the major international sports, those sports are identified along with their special characteristics. Further, widely available official ranking information about the best nations and individuals at those sports are located so that the special features of each ranking system can be creatively used to arouse spectator and sponsor interest. The three primary sources of recognition are identified: the International Olympic Committee, which recognizes 122 sports; SportAccord (also known as GAISF), which recognizes those plus another 21 sports; while Wikipedia lists those plus another 26 widely played sports for a total of 169. The immense popularity of the up-and-coming e-sports (electronic sports) strongly suggest opportunities for marketing. The 108 sports with ratings systems are covered in the sequence—36 object sports, 59 independent sports, 9 combat sports, and 4 mind sports—followed by the special implications that present themselves for effective marketing. Marketing guidance is then presented for the 61 sports without a rating system. Links to all 169 sports are identified, providing a wealth of individual and team information along with the official ratings. References, internet links, and definitions of all key terms are listed at the end of this chapter.
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Stefani, Raymond T. "The Marketing Implications of Up-and-Coming Sports and of Official International Sports Rating Systems." In Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports, 18–36. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch002.
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To effectively market the major international sports, those sports are identified along with their special characteristics. Further, widely available official ranking information about the best nations and individuals at those sports are located so that the special features of each ranking system can be creatively used to arouse spectator and sponsor interest. The three primary sources of recognition are identified: the International Olympic Committee, which recognizes 122 sports; SportAccord (also known as GAISF), which recognizes those plus another 21 sports; while Wikipedia lists those plus another 26 widely played sports for a total of 169. The immense popularity of the up-and-coming e-sports (electronic sports) strongly suggest opportunities for marketing. The 108 sports with ratings systems are covered in the sequence—36 object sports, 59 independent sports, 9 combat sports, and 4 mind sports—followed by the special implications that present themselves for effective marketing. Marketing guidance is then presented for the 61 sports without a rating system. Links to all 169 sports are identified, providing a wealth of individual and team information along with the official ratings. References, internet links, and definitions of all key terms are listed at the end of this chapter.
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Stefani, Raymond T. "The Marketing Implications of International Sports Rating Systems." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 58–72. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5994-0.ch005.
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Recognized world sports federations appear to have chosen their official rating systems with marketing in mind. 87% of the 105 official rating systems involve the simple accumulation of points, which encourages top competitors to enter as many tournaments as possible. Most of those systems recognize a seasonal champion. A marketer can exploit the importance of the end-of-season events and the appearance of top athletes. To be successful in a combat sport like wrestling, boxing, and judo, physically overcoming the opponent is intensely personal. Top competitors can be advertised in personal terms to encourage the awaiting audience to buy into the upcoming contest on an equally personal level. In other sports such as running, swimming, and rowing, each competitor performs unimpeded by the opponent. Often the best performance for a season is used to crown a yearly champion. A rating in seconds and meters is more tangible than one in points. A marketer can illustrate the small gap between top competitors making every stride important to potential ticket buyers. Some of the object-control sports like basketball, cricket, ice hockey, rugby, soccer, and tennis are rated by point accumulators and some are rated by more sophisticated systems that self adjust, based on the relative strengths of the opponents. Mind sports such as chess and bridge are included because these competitions are recognized by the International Olympic Committee and by SportAccord. The specifics of those rating systems are provided in this chapter as are suggested marketing opportunities.
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Budinčić, Valentina. "ADAPTACIJA SPORTSKIH TERMINA IZ ENGLESKOG JEZIKA U SRPSKOM NA KORPUSU LEKSIKE BORILAČKIH SPORTOVA." In JEZIK, KNJIŽEVNOST, ALTERNATIVE/LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, ALTERNATIVES - Jezička istraživanja, 297–312. Filozofski fakultet u Nišu, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/jkaj.2022.18.
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given that official dictionaries with standard terms are not currently available. We focused on Olympic combat sports (boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo and wrestling) and investigated alternatives in the process of terminology adaptation. Namely, during the adaptation of foreign terminology in the Serbian language, there are two possibilities: adaptation by transshaping versus adaptation using some of the translation procedures (literal translation, structural translation, partial structural translation, functional approximation and descriptive translation). The research was placed in the context of anglicization, theory of terminology standardization and translation. The corpus consisted of sports encyclopedias, dictionaries and databases on the Internet. The analysis showed that in the process of adaptation of chosen terms, both alternatives – transshaping and translation – are present, and that in a number of cases there is a need for parallel use of transshaped and translated terms. The specifics that are revealed within each of the sports we analyzed prompted us to think about a possible re-examination of current approaches to terminological standardization. Believing that the field of sports is one of the domains in which most young people show interest, we believe that through appropriate materials created for teaching English, it would be possible to raise the awareness of the importance of language norm among the younger population. The results obtained in the selected corpus can indicate current trends in the process of adaptation of sports terminology in the Serbian language as a whole.
Reports on the topic "Olympic combat sports"
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Competitive load influence on athletes’ organism in striking kinds of the Olympic combat sports. Oleg G. Epov, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/2070-4798-2020-15-1-48-53.
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