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1

Sapkota, Nabin, Atsuo Murata, Waldemar Karwowski, et al. "The Chaotic Behavior of the Spread of Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912804.

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In December 2019, China reported a new virus identified as SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, which soon spread to other countries and led to a global pandemic. Although many countries imposed strict actions to control the spread of the virus, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented economic and social consequences in 2020 and early 2021. To understand the dynamics of the spread of the virus, we evaluated its chaotic behavior in Japan. A 0–1 test was applied to the time-series data of daily COVID-19 cases from January 26, 2020 to August 5, 2021 (3 days before the end of the Tokyo Olympic Ga
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Yamamoto, Norio, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, and Takashi Yorifuji. "Causal Effect of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the Number of COVID-19 Cases under COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ecological Study Using the Synthetic Control Method." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 2 (2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020209.

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Previous studies have not assessed the causal effect of the Olympic Games on the spread of pandemics. Using the synthetic control method and the national public city data in Japan recorded from February to September 2021, we estimated the causal effects of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. The difference between the number of COVID-19 cases in Tokyo and a counterfactual “synthetic Tokyo” (created using synthetic control method) after the opening of the Tokyo 2020 Games (23 July 2021) widened gradually and then considerably o
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3

Malinsky, Igor, Oleksandr Lavrentiev, Irina Kachur, Valerii Andriytsev, and Vita Andriytseva. "The influence of the highlands on the performance of athletes in freestyle men’s and women's wrestling at the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 11(143) (November 30, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.11(143).18.

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The article analyzes the performance of participants and winners in men's and women's freestyle wrestling at the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo after the training camp in the highlands during the 2nd final stage of preparation for these competitions, which took place in Ivano-Frankivsk region . at the educational and sports base "Zaroslyak" taking into account the age and qualifications of athletes. The base is located at an altitude of 1330 m above sea level. Tokyo, the host of the Olympic Games, is located at an altitude of 40 meters above sea level. The meeting was held from June 17 to July 4
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4

Md Akhir, Md Nasrudin, and Geetha Govindasamy. "The Disruption of the 1940 and 2020 Tokyo Olympics: Sports Diplomacy During War and Pandemic." International Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (2021): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijeas.vol10no1.5.

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Sports diplomacy possesses the power to bring the best of the human spirit by affirming shared aspirations. Olympic Games share a similar propensity to bring people together across boundaries regardless of race, nationality, religion, income and country, reinforcing the true basis of sportsmanship and solidarity between all nations and spectators. The Tokyo Olympics, which were originally scheduled to take place in Japan in 1940, was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War Two. Likewise, the 2020 Olympic Games was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While 80 years ago, amidst th
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Sugishita, Yoshiyuki, Yoshiko Somura, Nobuyuki Abe, et al. "Multi-source surveillance conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 14, no. 3 (2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.978.

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The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games) were held from 23 July to 5 September 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, after a 1-year delay due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was responsible for monitoring and responding to infectious disease outbreaks other than COVID-19 during the Games. A multi-source surveillance system was used from 1 July to 12 September 2021 for the early detection and rapid response to infectious diseases. This included routine notifiable disease surveillance, sentinel surveillance, syndromic surveillance, cluster surveil
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6

Shimizu, Kazuki, Stuart Gilmour, Hiromi Mase, et al. "COVID-19 and Heat Illness in Tokyo, Japan: Implications for the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073620.

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The 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo were postponed to July–September 2021 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While COVID-19 has emerged as a monumental health threat for mass gathering events, heat illness must be acknowledged as a potentially large health threat for maintaining health services. We examined the number of COVID-19 admissions and the Tokyo rule for emergency medical care, in Tokyo, from March to September 2020, and investigated the weekly number of emergency transportations due to heat illness and weekly averages of the daily maximum Wet B
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7

Tropin, Yura, Volodymyr Perevoznyk, Valerii Holokha, Sergiy Bochkarev, and Volodymir Katykhin. "The results of the performances of Ukrainian representatives of martial arts at the Olympic Games." Єдиноборства, no. 3(33) (June 1, 2024): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2024-3.07.

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Purpose: to determine the results of performances of Ukrainian martial arts representatives at the Olympic Games. Material and methods. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, protocols and video recordings of competitions of Ukrainian athletes in various types of martial arts (Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo, taekwondo, boxing, karate, fencing) at the 1996 Olympic Games (Atlanta, USA) was used to solve the research tasks. , 2000 (Sydney, Australia), 2004 (Athens, Greece), 2008 (Beijing, China), 2012 (London, Great Britain), 2016 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), 202
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8

Komarov, Mikhail E. "Организация Олимпийских игр: анализ структуры расходов на предолимпийском этапе на примере Японии". Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 55, № 2 (2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2020-2/15-29.

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В данной статье рассматривается актуальный вопрос расходов на организацию летних Олимпийских игр на предолимпийском этапе. В статье проводится анализ структуры расходов на рассматриваемом этапе на примере XXXII летних Олимпийских игр в Токио. Детально исследуется структура расходов на двух крупных подэтапах: подача заявки на проведение Игр и непосредственно организация Олимпиады, при этом отдельно выделяются расходы трёх основных групп: Международного олимпийского комитета (с фокусом на программе Олимпийской солидарности), условной группы бизнеса и условной группы государства. На первом подэта
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9

Belov, A. V. "Sociological aspects of Tokyo Olympics." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2022-2-67-79.

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The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of events. When preparing for the Olympics in 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared to most G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta str
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10

Choi, Kyoungho, Bongseok Kim, and Jinhee Choi. "Evaluating Olympic Pictograms Using Fuzzy TOPSIS—Focus on Judo, Taekwondo, Boxing, and Wrestling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (2022): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073934.

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It is necessary to evaluate whether Olympic pictograms are designed accurately and are easy to understand, so that they fulfill their intended functions and roles. Olympic pictograms are used to facilitate smooth communication at this large sporting event. However, viewers often find it challenging to understand the actual sport represented by the pictogram. This study evaluates the ranking of comprehensibility of the pictograms for judo, taekwondo, boxing, and wrestling used in six games, from the 27th Sydney Olympics in 2000 to the 32nd Tokyo Olympics in 2021. The evaluation was done using t
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11

Kasamatsu, Ayu, Masayuki Ota, Tomoe Shimada, et al. "Enhanced event-based surveillance for imported diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 12, no. 4 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.4.903.

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In 2021, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, undertook enhanced event-based surveillance (EBS) for infectious diseases occurring overseas that have potential for importation (excluding coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games (the Games). The pre-existing EBS system was enhanced using the World Health Organization Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources system and the BlueDot Epidemic Intelligence platform. The enhanced EBS before and during the Games did not detect any major public health event that would warrant action for
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12

Shandrygos, V., N. Latyshev, M. Roztorhui, and R. Pervachuk. "Analysis of selection for wrestling for the Olympic Games in Tokyo." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.08.

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Purpose: to analyze the qualification requirements for athletes to obtain Olympic licenses to participate in the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo in wrestling. Materials and methods of research. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature data and the Internet, methods of mathematical statistics. The initial results of the performances are taken from the official website of the International Wrestling Federation (United World Wrestling) (https://uww.org/). MS Excel was used for statistical data processing and graphical presentation of results. Results: it is established
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13

Belov, A. V. "Sociological Aspects of the Tokyo Olympics." Russian Japanology Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2658-6444-2023-1-27-43.

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The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of the events. When preparing for the Olympics from 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection spread. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared with most of the G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the mo
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14

Linton, Natalie M., Sung-mok Jung, and Hiroshi Nishiura. "Not all fun and games: Potential incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 9685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021474.

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<abstract> <p>The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games represent the most diverse international mass gathering event held since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Postponed to summer 2021, the rescheduled Games were set to be held amidst what would become the highest-ever levels of COVID-19 transmission in the host city of Tokyo. At the same time, the Delta variant of concern was gaining traction as the dominant viral strain and Japan had yet to exceed fifteen percent of its population fully vaccinated against COVID-19. To quantify the potential numbe
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15

Sukharkova, M. P. "PRACTICES OF OLYMPIC VOLUNTEERING DURING A PANDEMIC." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 6, no. 2 (2022): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2022-6-2-161-168.

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The article examines the practice of Olympic volunteering during a pandemic. Olympic volunteers are people who volunteer to prepare for and host the Olympic and Paralympic Games without receiving direct payment. Olympic volunteering refers to a type of sports volunteering at the sites of major sport events (sports mega-events). Traditionally for the organization and holding of events, including sport events, volunteers are involved, who are recognized as a significant resource for the success of events at various levels. Such events as the Olympic Games - sports mega-events have special volunt
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16

Yoneoka, Daisuke, Akifumi Eguchi, Kentato Fukumoto, et al. "Effect of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games on COVID-19 incidence in Japan: a synthetic control approach." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (2022): e061444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061444.

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BackgroundThe Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games (23 July–8 August 2021) were held in the middle of Japan’s fifth wave of COVID-19, when the number of cases was on the rise, and coincided with the fourth state of emergency implemented by the host city, Tokyo.AimThis study aimed to assess whether the hosting of the Games was associated with a change in the number of COVID-19 cases in Japan using a synthetic control method.MethodsA weighted average of control countries with a variety of predictors was used to estimate the counterfactual trajectory of daily COVID-19 cases per 1 000 000 population in
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17

Udovik, Violetta. "Cultural Diplomacy as ‘Communication Bridge-Building’ Between Ukraine and Japan." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXI (2020): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-43.

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The article examines the history of Ukrainian-Japanese cultural relations, the development of cultural diplomacy in Ukraine and Japan, the major points in the positioning of the Ukrainian state in the Land of the Rising Sun and vice versa as well as further prospects for cooperation in this area. In spite of the geographical remoteness of our country from Japan and the thorny history of nation-building in Ukraine, Ukrainian-Japanese contacts trace their origins as early as the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which laid an essential foundation for their development during Ukraine’s independ
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18

Foreman, J. H. "Mitigation of effects of heat and humidity at Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games equestrian events." Comparative Exercise Physiology 20, no. 2 (2024): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230044.

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Abstract The physiological challenge of Tokyo 2020, the XXXII Olympic Summer Games held in July-August 2021, was adaptation to training and competing in the subtropical summer weather conditions. Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping horses (n = 248) arrived at 05:00-06:30 h on six European and two Australian overnight chartered flights 8-to-10 days prior to beginning competition. All horses were housed at Japan Racing Association Equestrian Park in Bagi Koen. Eventing Cross Country was held an hour’s drive away at Sea Forest. All stables and conveyances were air-conditioned. Cooling stations were a
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19

Garcés García, María del Pilar. "El espíritu olímpico en Occidente desde sus orígenes en Grecia y los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio (1964-2021)." Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna, no. 43 (2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.refiull.2021.43.07.

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Given the importance that sport has acquired in today’s society and the futuristic relevance that the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2021 have achieved, this study proposes to focus on sport and the Olympics as a literary and artistic phenomenon in Japan, analyzing the main connotations of the Japanese imaginary, in contrast to the West. The presentation of the historical-literary layout in relation to the theme of sport and the Olympics throughout the history of literature supposes the verification of the enormous amount of archetypes that can be found in the 21st century. All this highlights, at
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Ito, Kaori, Koji Morishita, Taichiro Tsunoyama, et al. "Prospective evaluation of the “Stop the Bleed” program in Japanese participants." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 5, no. 1 (2020): e000490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000490.

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BackgroundThe Stop the Bleed (STB) program was developed to bring military bleeding control techniques into wider use among American civilians. It was introduced in Japan in case of mass casualty events during the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games in 2021, and its effectiveness was prospectively evaluated.MethodsJapanese physicians certified as STB instructors held bleeding control basic training courses from April to July 2019. Participants’ knowledge was assessed using pre-training and post-training tests comprising five questions. One point was awarded for each correct answer, giving a maximum
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21

Kostjukov, V., V. Nirka, O. Kostyukova, and N. Makroguzova. "Readiness of elite russian athletes for the beach volleyball tournament in the program of the 2021 olympic games in Tokyo (Japan)." Fizicheskaya kul'tura, sport - nauka i praktika, no. 3 (2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53742/1999-6799/3_2021_16.

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22

Cornette, Richard. "The 21st International Symposium on Chironomidae." CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research, no. 33 (January 4, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i33.3863.

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The 21st International Symposium on Chironomidae was originally scheduled for Tsukuba, Japan in July 2021. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is far from ending and Tokyo Summer Olympic Games were postponed to 2021. Many international conferences including the International Congress of Entomology or the Congress of the International Society of Limnology were also reported to next year. The organizing committee wishes to welcome the whole community of chironomid researchers to Tsukuba under safer and the best possible conditions. For this reason, the organizing committee decided to postpone the sym
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23

Baranyi, Alexandra-Gabriela. "Strategic management in Japanese tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, no. 1 (2021): 1127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0105.

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Abstract In recent years, Japan proved to be one of the world’s leading countries in the travel industry by international tourist arrivals, with many other businesses relying on foreign travelers’ consumption within the country. The current Covid-19 pandemic crisis is a challenge for the tourism industry all around the world, as well as for Japan, where the entry restrictions have been strict since the start of the pandemic, foreigners not being allowed to enter the country for leisure purposes. However, even though the national income in this economic area decreased, it is still very high com
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Kodera, Sachiko, Haruto Ueta, Tatsuo Unemi, Taisuke Nakata, and Akimasa Hirata. "Population-Level Immunity for Transient Suppression of COVID-19 Waves in Japan from April 2021 to September 2022." Vaccines 11, no. 9 (2023): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091457.

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Multiple COVID-19 waves have been observed worldwide, with varying numbers of positive cases. Population-level immunity can partly explain a transient suppression of epidemic waves, including immunity acquired after vaccination strategies. In this study, we aimed to estimate population-level immunity in 47 Japanese prefectures during the three waves from April 2021 to September 2022. For each wave, characterized by the predominant variants, namely, Delta, Omicron, and BA.5, the estimated rates of population-level immunity in the 10–64-years age group, wherein the most positive cases were obser
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Stamm, Raini, Meelis Stamm, Sergei Ovtšinnikov, and Reeda Tuula-Fjodorov. "Offensive pass tactics analysis of volleyball setters in olympic finals of 2000 and 2021." Papers on Anthropology 32, no. 1 (2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2023.32.1.03.

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The aim of the current study was to analyse offensive pass tactics in Olympic Games finals in 2000 and 2021. The authors of the study were interested how the game of volleyball has developed in 20 years, whether it has become faster or even slower. We were also interested whether setters’ game tactics had changed in 20 years. Therefore, we undertook three tasks: to compare offensive pass tactics according to types of sets; to compare the distribution of offensive passes between zones and to compare the ball flight phase times of offensive passes. Based on videos of two Olympic finals (eight se
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Susilo, Daniel, and Teguh Dwi Putranto. "Olympic Games 2020: Discourse of the Japanese Government after Postponed in japantimes.co.jp." Jurnal Kajian Media 5, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jkm.v5i1.3504.

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The COVID-19 outbreak had succeeded in making the holding of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games postponed. This became heartbreaking news when Japan was almost ready to host the 32nd Olympic Games. This was the second in Japan during the Olympic Games, which was held in the 1940 Olympic Games but had to be canceled because Japan was still at war with China since 1937. This research aims to find out the discourse of the Japanese government on 2020 Olympic Games in the mid of COVID-19 outbreak after postponed. The method used in this research is the analysis of van Dijk's critical discourse on online
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Zhu, Wenhui, Jie Feng, Cheng Li, et al. "COVID-19 Risk Assessment for the Tokyo Olympic Games." Frontiers in Public Health 9 (October 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.730611.

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Introduction: As of June 7, 2021, the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 200 countries. The global number of reported cases is more than 172.9 million, with more than 3.7 million deaths, and the number of infected individuals is still growing rapidly. Consequently, events and activities around the world were canceled or postponed, and the preparation for sporting events were greatly challenged. Under such circumstances, about 11,000 athletes from ~206 countries are arriving in Tokyo for the 32nd Summer Olympic Games. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to a
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28

Ito, Kimihito, Chayada Piantham, and Hiroshi Nishiura. "Predicted dominance of variant Delta of SARS-CoV-2 before Tokyo Olympic Games, Japan, July 2021." Eurosurveillance 26, no. 27 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.27.2100570.

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Using numbers of SARS-CoV-2 variants detected in Japan as at 13 June 2021, relative instantaneous reproduction numbers (RRI) of the R.1, Alpha, and Delta variants with respect to other strains circulating in Japan were estimated at 1.25, 1.44, and 1.95. Depending on the assumed serial interval distributions, RRI varies from 1.20–1.32 for R.1, 1.34–1.58 for Alpha, and 1.70–2.30 for Delta. The frequency of Delta is expected to take over Alpha in Japan before 23 July 2021.
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Dubinsky, Yoav. "The Olympic Games and Judo Diplomacy: An Exploratory Discussion on Country Image in Tokyo 2020." Communication & Sport, January 31, 2023, 216747952311536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21674795231153663.

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The purpose of the article is to explore the use of judo for nation branding, public diplomacy, and country image in the postponed Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Judo was founded in Japan in 1882 as a martial art that embodies educational values of peace, respect, and controlling mind and body. Judo made its Olympic debut in Tokyo 1964 and gradually became one of the most internationally diverse sports in the Olympic Games. The study uses theoretical lenses drawn from nation branding, public diplomacy, country image, and related fields. The qualitative research is based on content analysis of press
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Koyama, Takahiko, Reitaro Tokumasu, Kotoe Katayama, Ayumu Saito, Michiharu Kudo, and Seiya Imoto. "Cross-Border Transmissions of the Delta Substrain AY.29 During Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (August 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.883849.

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Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, postponed for the COVID-19 pandemic, were finally held in the summer of 2021. Just before the games, the Alpha variant was being replaced with the more contagious Delta variant. AY.4 substrain AY.29, which harbors two additional characteristic mutations of 5239C > T (NSP3 Y840Y) and 5514T > C (NSP3 V932A), emerged in Japan and became dominant in Tokyo by the time of the Olympic Games. Variants of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were performed to extract AY.29 Delta substrain samples with 5239C > T and 5514T > C. Phylogenetic analysis was perfo
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Coghlan, Jo, Lisa J. Hackett, and Huw Nolan. "Barbie." M/C Journal 27, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.3072.

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The story of Barbie is a tapestry woven with threads of cultural significance, societal shifts, and corporate narratives. It’s a tale that encapsulates the evolution of American post-war capitalism, mirroring the changing tides of social norms, aspirations, and identities. Barbie’s journey from Germany to Los Angeles, along the way becoming a global icon, is a testament to the power of Ruth Handler’s vision and Barbie’s marketing. Barbie embodies and reflects the rise of mass consumption and the early days of television advertising, where one doll could become a household name and shape the dr
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