Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Olympic Games bid'

The City of Stockholm has undergone a curious process of considering whether to launch a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympic Games. That Stockholm has contemplated launching a bid is not surprising from a regional perspective—the Olympic Games have not been held in a Scandinavian country since Lillehammer, Norway played host in 1994 and Sweden has never hosted the Winter Olympics. A potential bid from Stockholm would also be consistent with Sweden's self-identification and embracement of being a 'sportive nation'. Failed applications by the Swedish cities of Gothenburg, Falun, and Östersund to host the Winter Olympic Games confirm the long-standing interest of the Swedish Olympic Committee to secure the Games, although it should be noted that the Swedish Olympic Committee did not submit a bid for the 2006, 2010, 2014 or 2018 Winter Olympic Games competitions. Although recent reports indicate that Stockholm will not vie for the 2026 Winter Olympic Games, the notion that the city was even considering the option remains surprising. Stockholm had withdrawn its bid from the 2022 bidding competition citing a variety of concerns including a lack of government and public support, financial uncertainty, as well as the post-event viability of purpose-built infrastructure. Stockholm's withdrawal from the 2022 competition resonates with the growing apprehension by potential bid cities (especially those emerging from democratic countries) towards the Olympic Games. This thesis seeks to illustrate that Stockholm's Olympic hopes have book-ended a transformative period in the Olympic bidding process and to expose the struggle that bid cities have in adjusting to the demands of the IOC's bidding process.
Master of Science

Melbourne is making a concerted bid to obtain the centenary 1996 Olympic Games. While much of its bid is occupied with explanations of the city’s ability to meet the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) requirements, it is underpinned by a common theme that the city possesses a unique quality of “Friendliness”. (For complete abstract open document)

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a new perspective to the analysis of megaevent / host city relationship. The significance of the research subject depends on the interest in hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the World Fairs, which generate a competition among cities. Turkish cities are recently being involved in this competition. In addition to that, mega-events have large-scale and long-term impacts on the built environment, which has not been thoroughly discussed in urban studies. The methodology which is based on a qualitative analysis comprises three steps: a historical analysis made on the Olympic host cities, and two case studies. The first case is Athens as the 2004 Olympic city, the second case is Istanbul as an Olympic bid city since 1990. This study recognizes but qualifies the concept of megaevent hosting. It is shown that mega-event hosting is a capacity-building process, whilst it has a potential to generate overdose investments problem in the built environment. The most significant conclusion of the study is that the ability of coping with this problem is correlated with the ability of absorbing the investments made.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mega-events such as the Olympic Games have emerged as one of the most significant features of the global era. Not only has the number of participants increased, but also the hosting of these events has been seen as an opportunity for countries to externally market themselves, in an attempt to raise their international profile, and to develop national identity. As such, many nations continue to enthusiastically compete to host these events. Despite the prestige of hosting events, South Africa has in the past been excluded from participating, let alone being considered to bid to host events of such magnitude. This was as a result of the Apartheid policy that extended into sport. After being admitted into the world of sport, it has joined the list of nations that regularly compete to bid. There are two questions that this study sets out to explore. Firstly, how did hosting of the Games market South Africa internationally? Secondly, did hosting the Games help celebrate South Africa's national identity? In trying to answer these questions, the marketing power concept has been used. Part of the proposition is that marketing power is more sought after by state elites who lack national identity. In light of this, South Africa has been used as a case study. Bidding to host the Olympic Games was no easy road for South Africa, and in the aftermath of the Bid, this study identifies the reasons why the Bid was unsuccessful. The findings suggest that South Africa's attempt to host the Games did indeed market the country internationally. However, the findings indicate that bidding to host the Games did not bolster national identity, instead it revealed that there was lack of unity. In addition there are some important lessons that can be drawn from this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoë-profiel gebeure soos die Olimpiese Spele is een van die mees opmerklike gevolge van die globale era. Buiten dat die aantal deelnemers aan sulke gebeurtenisse dramaties togeneem het, het die eise en die kompetisie om sodanige gebeurtenisse aan te bied, toegeneem omdat state hierdeur hulself ekstern kan bemark en intern skep sulke gebeurtenisse 'n geleentheid om nasionale identiteit te bevorder. Ten spyte van die prestige wat die gasheer-staat in sulke gevalle te beurt val, is apartheid Suid- Afrika histories uitgesluit van deelname aan veral hoë profiel sport, en was die aanbieding van sulke gebeurtenisse in Suid-Afrika buite die kwessie. Namate Suid- Afrika weer 'n aanvaarde lid van die gemeenskap van nasies geword het, het Pretoria ook toenemend begin bie om hoë-profiel sportgebeurtenisse aan te bied. Hierdie studie verken twee sentrale vraagstukke. Eerstens, hoe bemark die aanbied van die Olimpiese Spele Suid-Afrika op 'n internasionale grondslag? Tweedens, help die aanbieding van sulke sportgebeure werklik om 'n gevoel van 'n nasionale identiteit onder Suid-Afrikaners aan te wakker? Ten einde die vrae te beantwoord, word in 'n hoë mate van die konsep, 'bemarkingsmag' ('marketing power') gebruik gemaak. Daar word deel geargumenteer dat bemarkingmag juis deur staatselites nagejaag word in samelewings waar nasionale identiteit gebrekkig ontwikkel is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse geval is dus by uitstek 'n toonaangewende voorbeeld van die tendens. In die studie word daar aangedui hoekom die bie proses ten einde die Olimpiese Spele aan te bied so 'n besondere komplekse uitdaging is, hoe dit deurgevoer is en waarom Suid-Afrika misluk het. Die bevindings suggereer dat motivering om die Spele aan te bied inderdaad gedryf is deur die behoefte om Suid-Afrika se bemarkingsmag uit te brei. Ten spyte hiervan, het die bie-proses ook 'n baie brose sin van nasionale identiteit ontbloot het en 'n duidelike rasse-skeidslyn in terme van populere steun vir die bie-proses. Die studie onttrek ook 'n aantal gevolgtrekkings wat vir ander bod-prosesse van waarde kan wees.

The Olympic Games have become one of the world’s largest and most popular sporting events. With its massive scale, the costs that come with hosting the Games are elevating to unprecedented levels, leaving host cities with massive financial debt. So why do cities continue to bid for the rights to host the Games? In this paper I will attempt to answer this question by providing an overview of the bidding process and the economic impact of the Games and I will argue that the costs of hosting the Olympics are often underestimated while the benefits are greatly overestimated. I will then provide an alternative direction for the Olympic movement.

The concept of entrepreneurial city has remained relevant and popular since its first emergence several decades ago. Among the strategies adopted, hosting city mega-events is still widely applied by city governments to attract international visitors, businesses and investments. Alongside the software programs of the events, entrepreneurial cities will also prepare them with extensive construction and infrastructure projects, taking the opportunity to capitalize in the events and equally importantly fast-track the development and growth agenda with the political imperative generated. Mega-event led urban regeneration emerges as one model under these entrepreneurially catalyzed agenda. As a commercially-focused and economically-oriented approach fundamentally built in the entrepreneurial strategy, hosting mega-event will lead to the formation of a growth coalition which profits from the increase in land exchange values resulting from the general urban growth process. The continuous strengthening of the coalition will eventually compromise the use values, which include the social network and the sense of community of the local residents affected by the development. The model therefore embodies an inherent conflict in delivering regeneration. The study examines this model using the perspective of urban governance and focuses on the power relation between the state, the private sector and the community involved in the regeneration process. The current London 2012 Olympic Games, which positions itself a regeneration Games, is the latest and explicit attempt to apply this model. Following a series of other entrepreneurial regeneration initiatives in East London, the London 2012 Games represents another entrepreneurial initiative employing similar mechanisms of public-private partnership and privatization approaches, only with a far greater scale. The political imperative brought by the Games has prompted the proactive participation of the state in the common growth agenda shared by the coalition. With the political, legal and financial resources transferred from the government to the private sector to ensure a successful spectacle, the growth coalition following this mega-event is a state-led powerful one which contributes largely to its domination in the urban politics. Episodes of community displacement, disadvantaged residents in bargaining for future development plan, and compromised regeneration gains have been consequently observed in the Olympic site and its immediate surrounding areas. Affirming the inherent conflict embedded in the mega-event led urban regeneration model, the London Games risks deepening social polarization and gentrification. While the progress examined so far covers only the Games initiation and preparation stage, the governance approach can still be reverted in the coming legacy delivery stage to realize a genuine regeneration. This will depend largely on the new roles the state power will take in the on-going process of the Games.
published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning

碩士
國立東華大學
公共行政研究所
92
ABSTRACT On July 13th, 2001, Beijing city successfully won the right to host 2008 Olympic Games. To China, after the failure to run Olympics in 1993, it is an event which can, to a certain extent, arouse citizens’ emotions, raise people’s confidence, strengthen the identity of overseas Chinese, and win international society’s support. 2008 Beijing Olympics symbolizes that, since the reform of mainland China, the achievements of economic development in China have been acknowledged by the world. Moreover, it also symbolizes that China government has been successfully recognized by the international society. This article focuses on the causes, processes, and results of 2008 Beijing Olympics. First, the study explores the formation and development of sports policy in china by analyzing Beijing’s two bids to host Olympics. Then, it investigates the background and environment which lead to the actions and strategies of Beijing’s running Olympics. At last, it aims to discuss the effect of Beijing’s success to host Olympics, the follow-up potential development, and the impact on cross-straits interaction. The gist of this thesis is to research Beijing’s bid to host Olympic Games and to provide reference for those concerning about this issue.

Title: Analysis of the bidding process of Prague for Summer Olympic Games 2016 Objectives: The aim of this thesis is the analysis of Prague's bid for Summer Olympic Games 2016, the following determination of main causes of his failure and than a suggestion of the future steps leading towards the future organisation of Olympic Games. Methods: We have used three managerial methods in this thesis. It was at first the system approach that identifies all stakeholders and their relations, which are all connected. This method permits to understand our subject as a complete system. After that SWOT analysis of the bid and the Fishbone diagram was used to identify main causes of the bid's failure. Results: Main six causes were identified that have caused the failure of the Prague's bid. These causes are more a kind of internal serious problems that show that Prague is not ready yet for organising Olympic Games. Following suggestions for future steps are reacting on these results. The aim of that is to make a long-term strategy to improve the environment and relations between the sport and state and prepare good conditions in the country for the next Olympic bid. Keywords: Olympic Games, bid, causes, sport, Prague, Czech Olympic Committee, International Olympic Committee

Adopting an urban entrepreneurial approach of selling the city of Melbourne as an attractive place in which to locate global footloose capital, the State Government of Victoria has, over the past three decades, strategically invested public funds into major sporting events. The aim of this thesis was to examine the production, representation, consumption, identification and regulation of Melbourne as a neoliberal ‘sport city’. A (con)textual analysis of newspaper articles was conducted in conjunction with interviews of influential cultural producers of the sport city – most notably state Premiers, Members of Parliament, CEO’s of Public Sports Trusts and journalists. Four case studies were employed to examine ‘urban entrepreneurialism’ and the re-regulating state. Characterising the ‘sport city’ as a cultural artefact, Melbourne’s sportscapes were inserted into the ‘circuit of culture’ to illustrate that the ‘sport city’ does not passively emerge but rather is actively produced, represented, consumed, identified and regulated as various interest groups engage in a struggle to (re)construct their social world. Adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, field and habitus along with Loïc Wacquant’s understanding of neoliberalism as the reengineering and redeployment of the state, I illustrate the use of elite sport as a form of cultural glue to re-regulate the city in favour of market-like mechanisms that benefit the urban and political elite. The Victorian state has successively re-regulated this neoliberal urban entrepreneurial strategy, often preventing dissident groups from resisting neoliberal activities, through its monopoly over the legitimate use of symbolic and material violence.