Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Olympics programs'

As a physical education teacher educator and Olympic educator I have become conscious that many physical education teachers have heard of Olympism, but are confused about what it encompasses. Furthermore they are challenged to understand how to teach Olympism in their physical education programmes. The potential of the educative and social value of Olympism is, as yet, unfulfilled. My study is about the content knowledge teachers require for teaching Olympism, the successful pedagogies they use, and the meanings that students derive from putting Olympism into action within, and outside of, the gymnasium. My qualitative case study uses teacher and student interviews, and observations to gather data as it follows the teaching and learning of Olympism in the Year 9 physical education programme of a New Zealand secondary school. In my attempt to understand what teachers need to know and do to make Olympism a reality in physical education programmes I have drawn on aspects of Shulman‟s (1987) seminal framework of teacher knowledge, to understand the content knowledge needed for teaching Olympism, the pedagogical content knowledge required, and the knowledge of students and their characteristics as they learn about Olympism. My findings reveal that teachers require various forms of content knowledge to teach Olympism, such as knowledge of students and their needs, a clear definition of Olympism for the setting, Olympism as a personal life-stance, ethical situations in games, and a holistic physical education curriculum. Pedagogies that the teachers used were found to be the transformation of Olympism into manageable concepts for teaching, the use of experiential and social teaching models in games contexts, and the extensive use of questioning and discussion strategies to develop critical thinking. Evidence shows the range of the students‟ learning, and the development of deeper meanings of Olympism. The students regarded the teacher as a role model of Olympism, and varied in their ability to transfer Olympism understandings into their wider lives. My detailed account of how teachers understand and teach Olympism, and the extent to which students apply their knowledge in class and beyond, offers a practical example of what Olympic education can look like when it has Olympism at its core. Such teaching I have named Olympism education.

According to the Olympic Charter, “the aim of Olympic Solidarity is to organise assistance to National Olympic Committees, in particular those which have the greatest need”. For the last five decades funding from the sale of Broadcasting Rights for the Olympic Games, allocated to the National Olympic Committees, has been channelled through Olympic Solidarity as a means of promoting development. The aim of this research was therefore to evaluate the extent to which this redistributive claim is evidenced through an analysis of the distribution of the Olympic Solidarity funding, and an insight into the life histories of people involved in the process of allocating grant aid for Olympic Solidarity's World Programme funding.

Le programme europeen olympus pour l'etude de la propagation en ondes millimetriques sur le trajet terre-satellite, utilise notamment deux balises embarquees a bord du satellite olympus et dont les frequences d'emission sont 20 ghz et 30 ghz. Le travail presente porte sur l'usage de mesures radiometriques pour l'etalonnage de ces balises a mieux que 0. 1 db. Pour ce faire on analyse le probleme sous son angle theorique, a savoir quelle est la qualite d'un processus d'inversion fonde sur une regression multineaire des temperatures radiometriques. Deux approches sont successivement envisagees. Un modele atmospherique simplifie permet d'inverser directement l'equation de transfert radiatif. L'interet d'un dispositif radiometrique multifrequence est ainsi mis en evidence et les caracteristiques principales de l'appareil sont precisees. L'etude de donnees simulees permet d'affiner les resultats, differents algorithmes d'inversion sont compares et testes. L'efficacite des algorithmes d'inversion bases sur des mesures radiometriques est ainsi confirmee, tout en soulignant l'influence de l'erreur instrumentale sur la precision finale. Une precision de 0. 1 db sur l'affaiblissement atmospherique necessite en effet une mesure de la temperature apparente du ciel avec une precision inferieure a 2 k. Une etude theorique, puis pratique, du fonctionnement de l'appareil a ensuite permis la mise au point des procedures d'etalonnage du radiometre necessaires pour atteindre l'objectif final de precision

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2009.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-79).<br>This thesis applies past research on real options - a right, but not an obligation to take some action on a real asset in the future - to a very specific type of real estate development related to Olympic Village development. The Olympics have been previously criticized for the excessive cost of preparation for the 16 or 17 day event. Chicago, if selected to host the 2016 Summer Games, could be faced with many of the same challenges of past cities. The purpose of this thesis is not to provide the final answer to whether a developer should implement design flexibility into a project like the Chicago Olympic Village, but rather provide a tool for which to analyze the project and areas of uncertainty. Real Options Analysis (ROA) is presented as a set of specific steps that correlate with more commonly used methods of real estate valuation. In order to determine the optimal sources for flexibility, qualitative research identifies challenges and uncertainties of Olympic Village development. This data is reviewed, analyzed and used to illustrate potential sources of flexibility for further analysis. ROA introduces the use of Monte Carlo simulation to better forecast the range of expected outputs and then integrates flexibility at various decision points of the project. The results of this model should allow decision makers for a project to choose the most desired path based on the goals and requirements of the project. It is observed, based on the assumptions used for this analysis, that flexibility "in" and "on" the project does create additional value, however this additional value is partially offset by the cost of the flexibility, if applicable.<br>(cont.) The results also illustrate the benefits of mitigating the downside risk of a project with the use of a real option. The process could provide alternate results with the use of other assumptions. The analysis of the hypothetical case study also investigates the relationship of two individual real options applied to a project simultaneously. It is determined, through results analysis, that the effect of a real option "on" and a real option "in" are virtually cumulative in achieving additional value for each type of option.<br>by Robert J. Martinson.<br>S.M.

The purpose of this project is to design, build and implement a web application system for the Olympiad delegation registration. All the pages and user registration information will be stored in a PostgreSQL database and retrieved by JAVA Servlet and JDBC (JAVA Database Connectivity). The main purpose of this project is to provide an easy-to-register and web-base communication evironment for the National Olympic Committes (NOC) and the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG).

Youth violence in the Baton Rouge inner-city area continues to create heightened concerns for the communities as well as the financial and healthcare systems. Even though violence prevention programs are in place in the area, no decline has been recorded in those who are being affected by violence. Due to lack of research in this field, a need for a sound research study exists to understand how Youth Peace Olympics (YPO) community-based program may be related to changes in attitudes about aggression and violence. A correlational cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate participants' beliefs about aggression, measured using the Normative Beliefs about Aggression instrument by the organization at the beginning and end of the summer program, in addition to secondary data that was provided to me (n=50). Social cognitive theory and the social development model were used as the theoretical framework for the study. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in retaliation approval of aggression scores (pretest M = 2.24, posttest M = 1.91; t[49] = 4.07, p =.000) and marginal statistically significant decrease in general approval of aggression scores (pretest M = 1.48, posttest M = 1.31; t[49] = 1.96, p = .055). Age, gender, and ethnicity were not found to be related to pretest attitudes or pretest/posttest changes in attitudes regarding retaliation approval or general approval of aggression at statistically significant levels. The potential for positive social change is to provide researchers and community-level stakeholders with preliminary program evaluation data related to attitudes about aggression/violence approval.

This thesis has sought to examine the conceptualisation(s) of the field of Olympic education identified in the English language literature, and to evaluate the planning of Olympic education in practice, specifically in relation to the preparation of Olympic education programmes and systems for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. When Pierre de Coubertin introduced the modern Olympic Games, one of the ideas for the revival of the Games was to educate young people through sport. Despite Coubertin s educational philosophy, the Olympic Games have long failed to represent ideals of fair play, equal opportunity, and international harmony but being replaced by bribery, corruption, commercialism, drug use and gender discrimination instead. The IOC has strengthened the roles and mission of the Olympic bodies in particular relation to the promotion of Olympic values and Olympism through the implementation of Olympic education. As a policy aim for the Olympic Movement, the development of Olympic education programmes has become a key goal for the IOC and thus host cities/nations. Providing a concept of Olympic and Paralympic education programmes in preparation for staging the Olympic Games is a compulsory requirement for host cities and nations. However, in spite of the IOC s recent explicit and intended commitment to the development of Olympic education policies in practice, explanation of Olympic education as a concept and a set of practices is imprecise and relatively underdeveloped in the Olympic related area. In addition, there is a lack of understanding of how universal values and concepts of Olympic education are perceived and communicated in culturally diverse contexts. The thesis is divided into two related parts, which seeks to provide two fundamental contributions to knowledge in this field. Part One is focused on a meta-narrative review of the English language literature on Olympic education. The methodology of a meta-narrative review is an extension of the systematic review process and facilitates the identification of the contribution of research traditions to the phenomena under review, in this case the conceptualisation and operationalisation of Olympic education. Through the process of meta-narrative review, six research traditions were identified: educational philosophy; critical sociology; curriculum development; education psychology; development of evaluation measures; and policy analysis and evaluation. II The results of the review identified how Olympic education has been conceptualised with various unfolding storylines in different research traditions, and this analysis subsequently provided the basis for the second key element of the study in the form of templates against which to evaluate the Olympic education programmes and systems associated with Tokyo 2020. Part Two employs a case study approach and is focused on the analysis of six cases using a realist evaluation methodology, employing analytic logic models and analysis of Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations. This facilitates the development of explicit and/or implicit causal claims about changes brought about by Japanese Olympic education programmes. The research has also contributed to developing a critical review of Olympic education programmes in a culturally specific, non-western context. Provision of Olympic education, within the context of national legislation requiring its introduction into the school curriculum developed by various stakeholders, represents a unique and culturally specific context for its study. Not only its education system, but also the cultural and historical values embedded within Japanese Olympic education programmes derive from the Japanese understanding of Olympism and universal Olympic values based on the Japanese values such as harmony, in particular applied in the effort in the recovery from national disasters, moral values learned from Judo and physical education, and Japanese ways of expressing hospitality. Thus, this case study of Tokyo 2020 acts as an exemplar in the diffusing of ways of developing and delivering the benefits of Olympic education programmes in culturally specific context.

The completed research is likely to show insufficiency of physical activity in Lithuanian schools; for this reason, the number of schoolchildren distributed into special medical groups is increasing. It is not always enough to have some PE lessons to make pupils fit. Some PE lessons does not offer the solution to the problems of decreasing physical activity, poor physical health and ever – increasing sickness rate. However, the problems can be solved and the positive attitude developed by individual exercising. Due to a tendency for physical activity among the youth to decrease we raised a scientific problem which can by solved by adopting positive attitude to physical training and supplying the need for a healthy and physically active way of life. Hypothesis – The use of Olympic training programme to adopt the positive attitude towards physical training and factors which influence its development. Research aim – to examine the impact of the Olympic program on the 7-9 form pupils’ attitude towards physical self-training. Research tasks: 1. To research the attitude to physical activity, physical self-training and explain the reasons which stimulate or hinder a child’s individual exercising. 2. To evaluate the impact of the Olympic training programme on the development of the pupils’ attitude to physical self-training and factors which determine its development. 3. To examine the differences of attitude to physical self-training among different age groups. 445 7-9 form... [to full text]

Societies divided by brutal conflicts require possible ways to reconstruct their peaceful societies. As a nation that is divided by an ethnic conflict that spanned almost three decades, Sri Lanka urgently requires an ongoing peace process. High quality education for the younger generation can provide the positive force for generating peace and preventing from future conflicts. This study investigated how Olympism education could strengthen conflict resolution competencies among primary students in ethnically divided societies in Sri-Lanka. This research examined the initiatives first by coming across the impact of education in promoting peace among Sri Lankan primary students. Secondly, the study provided an explanation for the potential of Olympism in conflict resolution and promoting peace among Sri Lankan primary students. The study introduced an integrated model of Olympism values and conflict resolution strategies, and this program was trialed in two primary schools one each of the two main ethnic groups of Singhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka. A mixed method approach was used and data was collected using surveys and interviews. In each school, there was one group that was taught the programme and was the experimental group, and there was a control group not taught the programme. The pre and post-test survey data from all students in the control and experimental groups were analysed according to four hypothesises using Analysis of Variance. The interviews of 16 students from the experimental group from both schools were analysed thematically and contributed data about students’ perspectives. This study aimed to discover possible unifying factors and attain a more holistic view about the nexus of Olympism, physical education and conflict resolution. Considering the effects of the intervention, the most notable finding of this study was that conflict resolution and Olympism education integrated curriculum intervention significantly improved experimental group students’ conflict resolution competencies. It was also found that students’ conflict resolution competencies improved regardless of their gender or ethnicity. The experimental group students also had an increase in Olympism competencies. The competencies that students had the greatest change were related to physical, social, critical and conflict resolution literacy. The findings from the interviews supported the stages of Mezirow’s Transformative Learning theory. This research concluded that strategically designed and carefully managed Olympism lessons could help students to develop and enhance competencies of conflict resolution.

Esta tesis estudia el estado y aplicaciones actuales de políticas culturales en la producción del programa cultural de un gran evento. La tesis parte de la base de que los planteamientos de una política cultural pueden ser un instrumento útil para guiar el diseño, la gestión y la promoción de un programa cultural. Adicionalmente, se considera que la relevancia cultural de un gran evento depende en gran medida de la consistencia en la elección de una política que informe su dimensión cultural tanto a un nivel local como global. En esta línea, la tesis tiene como objetivo explorar si los principios de una política cultural ofrecen una buena plataforma para gestionar y comunicar la dimensión cultural de un gran evento como los Juegos Olímpicos y en particular, su programa cultural oficial. La tesis utiliza los Festivales Olímpicos de las Artes de Sydney 2000 como caso de estudio.<br/>Las nociones y aplicaciones de una política cultural son analizadas en el contexto de la red global del gran evento- en el caso de los Juegos Olímpicos, el Comité Olímpico International (COI) - y en el contexto del anfitrión local - Sydney y Australia. La influencia de la red global del evento es estudiada a través de una revisión histórica de la definición de cultura y programa cultural en el Movimiento Olímpico, y mediante el análisis de las estructuras y agendas culturales del COI. A un nivel local, las convergencias y divergencias entre el programa cultural del evento y la política cultural de la ciudad y país anfitrión se explican a partir del estudio del contexto histórico, social y político de Sydney -Australia; las estructuras de gestión del evento, sus estrategias de promoción, y sus impactos a corto plazo.<br/>Uno de los hallazgos clave de la tesis es que los planteamientos de una política cultural tienen una influencia menor en la producción del programa cultural de un gran evento. El COI no tiene una política cultural definida y es por tanto incapaz de ofrecer una guía cultural consistente para los organizadores de respectivos Juegos Olímpicos. Esto indica que la capacidad de producir de un programa cultural representativo y relevante depende enteramente de las habilidades y prioridades de la comunidad local y sus líderes. Sin embargo, el estudio del caso de Sydney e investigaciones sobre casos anteriores revela que el papel de planificadores y gestores culturales en la organización de grandes eventos es muy marginal. Por el contrario, la mayoría de eventos son dirigidos por los intereses económicos de inversores privados y públicos, y por derivadas estrategias de márketing.<br/>La tesis concluye indicando que grandes eventos como los Juegos Olímpicos son a menudo incapaces de dejar un legado cultural relevante y de ofrecer una experiencia representativa que sea apropiada por la comunidad local. Esto se debe al énfasis desmesurado en la protección de intereses económicos mientras los aspectos sociales y culturales del evento son relegados a una posición secundaria. A pesar de los éxitos conseguidos en el desarrollo de estrategias de márketing y promocionales para grandes eventos, sólo la creación de una política cultural coherente puede asistir en la consecución de un legado que vaya más allá de impactos económicos a corto plazo, y sea capaz de llegar a la comunidad anfritiona y espectadores globales de manera significativa y distintiva.<br>This thesis studies the current state and application of cultural policy principles in the production of a great event's cultural programme. The thesis departs from the idea that cultural policy principles can be a useful tool to guide the design, management and promotion of an event's cultural programme. Furthermore, it is considered that the cultural relevance of a great event is highly dependent on the consistency of the policy choices informing its cultural dimensions both at a global and a local level. In this context, the thesis aims to explore whether notions of cultural policy provide a good platform for managing and communicating the cultural dimension of a great event such as the Olympic Games, in particular, the Games official cultural programme. The thesis uses the Sydney 2000 Olympic Arts Festivals as a case study.<br/>Notions and applications of cultural policy are analysed according to the event's global network - the IOC - and its local host - Sydney and Australia. The influence of the event's global network is studied through a historical review of notions of culture in the Olympic Movement and an analysis of the cultural structures and agendas within the IOC. At a local level, convergences and divergences between the event's cultural programme and the cultural policy of the local host are explained on the grounds of the Sydney and Australia's social and political context, the event structures of management, its promotional strategy and its short-term impacts. <br/>A key finding of the research is the very limited influence that cultural policy principles have in the production of a great event's cultural programme. The IOC does not have a clearly defined cultural policy and is thus unable to offer a consistent guide for respective Games organisers. This means that success in implementing locally representative cultural programmes depends entirely on the event host community. However, research on the Sydney case and commentary on prior events reveals that cultural planners and policy-makers have a marginal role in the planning and organisation of great events. Instead, events are driven by economic interests and marketing strategies. <br/>The thesis concludes that great events such as the Olympic Games frequently fail to leave long-term cultural legacies and are often unable to provide an experience that fully engages and represents the host community. This occurs because there has been an over-emphasis on economic interests while the social and cultural aspects of the event have been deemed secondary. Regardless of the success in developing event marketing and promotional strategies, only the creation of coherent cultural policies can assist securing an event legacy that goes beyond economic impacts and touches host communities and global viewers in meaningful and distinctive ways.

CEEQUAL is a British assessment and award scheme for improving sustainability in civil engineering and the public realm. The scheme was developed in 2003 and has gained recognition in the UK and Ireland. The interest in CEEQUAL is starting to spread to the rest of Europe and to the Swedish Transport Administration.   The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the scheme from the perspective of the experience of implementation using two case studies in the UK – a road project and a railway project. The road project is represented by a subordinated project within the Olympic Park, a development for the London 2012 Olympic Games. The railway project that is being studied is the Crossrail programme, a large railway project in London. The objectives for this thesis are to: Review experiences from CEEQUAL awarded projects and to evaluate what additional sustainability benefits the award has given infrastructure projects compared to using normal standards. Identify costs and resources required for a CEEQUAL Award. Identify if it is possible for clients to require the use of CEEQUAL and stipulate a certain rating. The results from the two case studies are analysed and applied on the Swedish Transport Administration, together with information about CEEQUAL and the definition on sustainable development. Some of the conclusions of this thesis are: That the effect CEEQUAL will have on a project’s sustainability performance depends on what the normal standards are as well as the client’s requirements. The CEEQUAL scheme provides structure for projects to work with environmental and social issues. CEEQUAL makes social issues more visible and creditable. There is need for something that complements CEEQUAL to be able to say anything about project’s environmental impact, for example EPD or Carbon foot printing. It is important that CEEQUAL is a part of the working process otherwise it will cost extra time and money to do the assessment. It is possible for clients to have CEEQUAL as one of the requirement within the procurement process. It is also possible to require that a project is delivered with a certain CEEQUAL rating. Finally, my recommendation to the Swedish Transport Administration is to use CEEQUAL and apply for the award for different representative project and implement the CEEQUAL-thinking in their normal standards for all projects. If they register certain selected projects they can meet the requirements from the government commission and this can also work as a way to calibrate how they are performing on environmental and social issues to the rest of the industry. CEEQUAL can also work as an environmental quality assurance in projects where EIA isn’t mandatory.<br>CEEQUAL syftar till att bedöma och ge utmärkelse för hur väl ett infrastruktur- eller anläggningsprojekt har arbetet med hållbarhetsfrågor. Systemet är utvecklat i England och lanserades kommersiellt 2003. Intresset för CEEQUAL börjar sprida sig till övriga av Europa och till Trafikverket. Denna uppsats utvärderar brittiska erfarenheter från att använda CEEQUAL. Studien bygger på två fallstudier – ett vägprojekt och ett järnvägsprojekt. Vägprojektet representeras av ett delprojekt inom utvecklingen av Olympic Park och järnvägsprojektet av Crossrail. Syftet med studien är att: Utvärdera erfarenheter av att använda CEEQUAL och identifiera vilka mervärden, utifrån hållbarhetsperspektivet, systemet ger mot normalt arbetssätt. Identifiera de kostnader och resurser som krävs för CEEQAUL. Identifiera om det är möjligt att ställa krav på CEEQUAL och ett speciellt betyg i upphandlingen av genomförandet av ett projekt. Resultatet av de två fallstudierna har analyserats och applicerats på Trafikverket. Även teori om hållbar utveckling och information om CEEQUAL har använts för att analysera resultaten. Slutsatser utifrån denna rapport är bland annat: Vilken effekt CEEQUAL har på ett projekts hantering av hållbarhetsfrågor beror på hur dessa frågor hanteras i normalt fall.  CEEQUAL ger projekt en struktur för att arbeta med ekologiska och sociala frågor. CEEQUAL skapar trovärdighet för arbete med sociala frågor. Det behövs något som kompletterar CEEQUAL för att kunna säga något om ett projekts påverkan på miljön. Det är viktigt att CEEQUAL är en del av arbetssättet, annars kommer bedömningen att kosta extra tid och pengar. Det är möjligt för en beställare att ställa krav på användning av CEEQUAL och ett speciellt betyg i upphandlingen. Avslutningsvis så är min rekommendation till Trafikverket att de använder CEEQUAL och ansöker om utmärkelse för vissa referensprojekt men implementerar CEEQUAL-tänkandet i alla projekt. Genom att registrera vissa projekt så kan Trafikverket möta de krav som regeringsuppdraget ställer. De kan också använda CEEQUAL-utmärkelser för att kalibrera sig då och då mot CEEQUAL för att se hur de förhåller sig mot ”best practice” inom branschen.  CEEQUAL kan också fungera som en kvalitetssäkrare av ekologiska och sociala frågor i de projekt som inte kräver MKB.

Associadas a uma governança urbana empreendedorista e a um desenvolvimento baseado no estímulo ao consumo, as estratégias de organização dos megaeventos da atualidade estão fortemente orientadas às diferentes formas de lazer, turismo, esporte e entretenimento. Atualmente, os Jogos Olímpicos são considerados o evento esportivo de maior dimensão e repercussão no mundo e, sua organização, diz respeito a um amplo conjunto de intervenções urbanas que, quando bem organizadas e estruturadas, podem estimular a qualificação do espaço urbano trazendo benefícios para a população local. No entanto, em um relatório publicado em 2007 pelo Centro de Direitos de Moradia e Expulsão (COHRE), foi divulgado que entre 1988 e 2008 as Olimpíadas deslocaram mais de dois milhões de pessoas, de forma direta e indireta, ao redor do mundo e são uma das principais causas da inflação imobiliária, gerando processos de gentrificação. Como parte crucial de um planejamento estratégico adotado pela cidade, o Rio de Janeiro sediará, em 2016, os Jogos Olímpicos de Verão e tem incluído em seu Plano de Legado Urbano e Ambiental a reestruturação urbana da Região Portuária da cidade, através de uma Operação Urbana Consorciada, denominada Porto Maravilha, objeto de estudo desse trabalho. Com uma temática relacionada aos processos de gentrificação decorrentes das reestruturações urbanas vinculadas aos Jogos Olímpicos, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo principal, verificar se, após seis anos do lançamento do Projeto Porto Maravilha e com a primeira etapa das obras de infraestrurura concluída, há indícios de um processo de gentrificação ocorrendo no local. Para alcançar o objetivo, são delimitadas, através da construção da análise, quatro variáveis de pesquisa para o estudo de caso: a física, a econômica, a social e a cultural. Os métodos de coleta de dados englobam levantamento de arquivo, levantamento físico, levantamento fotográfico, produção de mapas, observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas com moradores, artistas, comerciantes e prestadores de serviço, localizados no percurso escolhido para a análise. Por meio da descrição dos resultados das quatro variáveis apresentadas, constata-se que apesar da área estar em uma fase de transição, já é possível observar no recorte espacial indícios de algumas características fundamentais dos processos de gentrificação, tais como o reinvestimento no dilapidado ambiente construído, valorizações significativas no mercado imobiliário, melhorias no padrão de estabelecimentos comercias e de serviços, indícios iniciais de mudanças no perfil da população e novos discursos culturais sobre o bairro, redesenhando assim, o perfil da região.<br>Associated with an entrepreneurial urban governance and development based on consumption stimulation, organization strategies of current mega events are strongly oriented to different forms of leisure, tourism, sports and entertainment. Currently, the Olympics are considered the largest and with biggest impact sporting event on the world and its organization, refers to a wide range of urban interventions that, when properly organized and structured, can stimulate the qualification of urban space bringing benefits for local people. However, in a report published in 2007 by the Center of Housing Rights and Expulsion (COHRE), it was reported that between 1988 and 2008 Olympic Games have displaced more than two million people, directly and indirectly, around the world and are a major cause for price raising on housing market, generating gentrification. As a crucial part of a strategic plan adopted by the city, Rio de Janeiro will host the 2016 Summer Olympics and has included in its Urban Legacy and Environmental Plan an urban restructuring of the city´s Port Region, through an Urban Operation consortium, called Porto Maravilha, study object of this work. With a theme related to gentrification processes arising from urban restructuring linked to the Olympic Games, this research aims to determine whether, after six years of Porto Maravilha Project launch and infrastructure´s first stage completed, there are gentrification process indications taking place in one location. To achieve the goal, are bounded through the construction of the analysis, four research variables for the case study: physical, economic, social and cultural. Data collection methods include file searching, physical survey, photographic survey, map production, observation and semi-structured interviews with residents, artists, merchants and service providers, located in the chosen route for analysis. Through the results description of the four variables presented, it appears that despite the area being in a transition phase, it is possible to observe the spatial area´s evidence of some fundamental features of gentrification processes, such as reinvestment in dilapidated built environment, significant increases in the housing market, standard improvements of commercial and service establishments, initial indications of changes in the population profile and new cultural discourses about the neighborhood, so redesigning the region´s profile.

This thesis examines the school-based Olympic education (OE) programs implemented in the Beijing Olympic Games from both top-down and bottom-up perspectives. The research employs a three-pronged methodology for data collection, using textual analysis, semi-structured interviews with five key informants, and storytelling with six student participants. Findings suggest that OE in China was primarily government-led, with BOCOG, academic experts and numerous volunteers providing expertise and assistance. The students’ narratives shed light on how OE was conceptualized and experienced by its recipients as well as the useful role it served in revitalizing the traditional education system. To strengthen OE during future Games, the thesis recommends that future organizers and host governments embed programs of OE in the ongoing state school systems, set clear learning objectives in advance and monitor and evaluate implementation continually. It also recommends that future researchers continue this students’ focus on the student voice.

碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>特殊教育學系碩士班<br>105<br>The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the program of Special Olympics bocce on attention and exercise self-efficacy in 13 students diagnosed with mild intellectual disability in senior high school. The program lasted 10 weeks with 2 classes per week with each class lasting for 50 minutes. A Pretest-Posttest Design was used for checking the performance of the whole class. The independent variable was program of Special Olympics bocce and the dependent variable was the scores of the Attention Scale for Elementary School Children (ASESC) and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale. Attention and exercise self-efficacy were measured at the beginning and the end of the program. Using a paired sample t test, no statistically significant difference in performance was found. However, some students made progress in attention and exercise self-efficacy which was noted by interviewing their teachers. Results suggested for school teachers and future studies.

碩士<br>臺北巿立體育學院<br>運動科學研究所<br>91<br>Participating in Special Olympics (SO) can improve social competence of individuals with mental retardation. Improving mental retarded individuals’ social competence is a key to integrate into many settings, in which they live, work and play. Previous studies showed that through participating in SO activities and games, individuals with mental retardation spend their free time using social acceptable way to interact with other people. This in turn helped in developing their social competence and applying to daily life successfully. This research used qualitative and case study method to investigate the effects of SO model on a mild mental retarded individual’s social competence. Qualitative research technique such as videotaping, interviews, classroom observation, and documents collection were used to collect data. All the data were analyzed using inductive content analysis yielding rich description. The findings of this research indicated that there were improvement on individual’s task and social abilities. However, the language ability showed no progress. Lack of language abilities influenced the learning, task and social abilities. The findings had implications for parents, coaches, and teachers in educating individual with mild mental retardation in the aspect of improving social competence.

Title: Motivation of Special Olympics athletes for participating and leaving the Special Olympics Program in the Czech Republic Student: Bc. Radka Příhodová Advisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. Objectives: The main objective of this project is to explore motivation of Special Olympics athletes for participation in Special Olympics Program in the Czech Republic and the reasons why some of the athletes leave the program. A secondary objective is to learn more about Special Olympics coaches, athletes and their families, and to receive further details about coaches' and families perception ofthe Special Olympics Program. Methods: The thesis is divided up into two sections: theoretical and the results. The theoretical section introduces the subject of mental handicap, different views of the term, the classification of the handicap and its etiology. With regard to common occurrence of Down syndrome among the population of people with mental retardation one chapter presents this chromosomal disorder. The pro:file the Special Olympics Program in the world and in the Czech Republic its philosophy and structure form the next part of the theoretical section. Very important component of the theoretical section is the comparison adaptive sport within the frame of the Special Olympics movement and Paralympics...

The main topic of this work will be the origin and progress of the biggest bodybuilding competition on the world Mr. Olympia and associated themes. In this work should be found the main history events of world bodybuilding, important competitors and functionaries. The main goal of the work was the explore and record the early years of the bodybuilding competition Mr. Olympia. Other goals included recording the main characters that are related to evolution of Mr. Olympia and linking the theme with the elementary world history of world bodybuilding. The main method is a historical method. The main topic was elaborated. The structure of the work corresponds to the individual stages of development of the given competition. The work can be used to search for historical facts related to the given issue and should help to better understand the topic. KEYWORDS Mr. Olympia, bodybuilding contest, bodybuilders, progress, bodybuilding

碩士<br>國立臺灣體育學院<br>體育研究所<br>92<br>ABSTRACT 　　To participate the Olympic Games is the aspiration of every athlete, and to win the game is the dream of every athlete. 　　In order to gain the first gold medal from the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, the sports authority in Taiwan put their efforts to provide all the necessary assistances for creating the new sports history. The lifter Wang Shin-Yen who was ranked No. 2 in the world in 2002 (2001 No.3, 2000 No.4 and 1999 No.3) was designated to have the potential winning the gold medal in the Athens Olympic Games. 　　The purpose of this study was to develop a long term and multi-discipline training program to help the lifter Wang Shin-Yen improve his performance. The program will be planed included to use the feedback of sports physiology, kinesiology and psychological skill training, to get the techniques improvement and increase his self- confident. Through the well-designed program, and well-prepared training, the Olympic gold medal will not only be a dream. 　　The training program is preparing for the coming year, and the main purpose is to assist the lifter Wang Shin Yen only concentrating on his training program, nutrition ergogenic aids control and have enough rest after training. Moreover, the prevention of sports injury should be emphasized in the program. After following the training program, to avoid all the outside interferences, it is possible to gain the first gold medal in the coming Athens Olympic Games.

Despite the fact that a number of academic studies compare the development of sport systems, a formal comparison of the elite sport programs of Pakistan with any other nation has yet to be undertaken. As a response to this gap in the literature, this thesis provides the first detailed comparison of elite sport programs in Australia and Pakistan between 1947 and 2007. In terms of the structure of the thesis, a critical evaluation of relevant sports history literature and other source material is followed an overview of the historical background, political development, and culture of Australia and Pakistan. A descriptive narrative of different sport policies and programs in both countries is then provided and a number of important issues are subsequently analysed in a more thematic manner. Institutions responsible for the organisation of sport and physical activity in both countries are considered and the distribution of financial resources from the government to elite sporting programs is also investigated. Specific attention is given to programs associated with the Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games. Finally, an agenda for initiatives and research relevant to the future promotion of elite sport, particularly in Pakistan, is recommended. In broad terms, this research adds considerably to knowledge of the sport systems of both countries, and has the potential to enhance understandings of the history and development of government involvement in the delivery of elite sport programs. In addition, the thesis makes a significant contribution to current debates regarding the complex relationship between sport, culture and society in a crosscultural and comparative context.

O presente relatório descreve as atividades de estágio na Equipa Local de Intervenção Precoce de Sesimbra, com vista à aquisição do título de mestre em Reabilitação Psicomotora, pela Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. No decorrer do presente estágio, de 8 meses, foram acompanhadas um total de 13 crianças, entre os 7 meses e os 7 anos de idade. Dessas, 6 em contexto familiar, em ginásio, e as restantes, seguidas em contexto escolar, sendo que uma destas usufruiu ocasionalmente de sessões de grafomotricidade cooperativamente com a família. Com 4 destas crianças, existiu uma relação mais próxima com a família, devido ao projeto Young Athletes Special Olympics (YA), também abordado neste relatório. Todos os casos passaram por uma fase de observação e avaliação (inicial e final), a elaboração de um plano de intervenção e a autorreflexão dos resultados, apesar do foco do relatório incidir num só estudo de caso, uma menina de 6 anos de idade, acompanhada em contexto familiar e no projeto YA, com diagnóstico de Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (não-verbal). Após este momento formativo, onde se privilegia a intervenção contextualizada e cooperativa, observaram-se evoluções não só para as crianças apoiadas, como a nível pessoal e em vários casos, no contexto.<br>This report describes the activities held in the Local Team for Early Intervention of Sesimbra, and was carried by an internship to aquire Masters degree in Psychomotor Rehabilitation by the University of Motricidade Humana. During this 8-month period, a total of 13 children were followed, between 7 months and 7 years of age. Of those 13, 6 were accompanied in their family context, in the gymnasium, and the rest were followed in school context. One of them, took occasional graphomotricity sessions cooperatively with the family. With 4 of these children, a close relationship with the family was developed due to the Special Olympics Young Athletes (YA) program, which will be addressed in this paper. All cases involved a phase of observation and evaluation (initial and final), an elaboration of a plan of action and self-reflection of results. although the present focus is on a single case study, which refers to a 6-year-old girl, accompanied in a family context and involved in the YA program, diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (nonverbal). After this internship, contextualized and cooperative intervention was favored, developments were observed not only for the children who were supported, but also on myself, and in several cases in their context. Keywords: Early Intervention, Sesimbra ECI, Family-Centered Intervention, Psychomotricity, Case Study, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Special Olympics Young Athletes Program, Teamwork.ELI de Sesimbra Estudo de caso Intervenção centrada na família Intervenção Precoce

Outreach is a small, but significant component to modern research. Developing an exhibit for public display can be an effective way to communicate science to broad audiences, although it may be a less familiar method to scientists than writing papers or giving presentations. I outline the process of developing an interactive exhibit for outreach, and evaluate and discuss the effectiveness of a computer exhibit designed to communicate estuary currents and scientific modeling using Olympia Oyster restoration in the Yaquina Bay estuary as a theme. I summarize the results of this project in three primary recommendations: 1) exhibit developers should be deliberate in the decision to use a computer and only select this media if it is determined to be the best for communicating exhibit learning outcomes, 2) the design of visualizations to convey research results should be carefully modified from their scientific forms to best meet the exhibit learning outcomes and expectations of the exhibit audience, and 3) scientists should play an integral role in the development of scientific content-based exhibits, but their expertise, and the range of expertise from other members of the exhibit development team, should be strategically utilized.<br>Graduation date: 2012