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1
Farrell, Robin J., Peter R. E. Crocker, Meghan H. McDonough, and Whitney A. Sedgwick. "The Driving Force: Motivation in Special Olympians." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 2 (April 2004): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.2.153.
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Special Olympics programs provide competitive sport opportunities for athletes with intellectual disabilities. This study investigated athletes’ perceptions of motivation in Special Olympics. Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a guiding framework to explore athletes’ experiences, 38 Special Olympians (21 males and 17 females) from British Columbia, Canada were interviewed. The data suggested that factors that enhanced autonomy, competence, and relatedness were linked to the participants’ motivation in Special Olympics programs. These factors included positive feedback, choice, learning skills, demonstrating ability, friendships, social approval, and fun. Social support from significant others was a key factor related to participation motivation. There was also evidence for the motivating aspects of extrinsic rewards. Motivation was undermined primarily by conflicts with coaches and teammates.
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Ritchie, J. R. B. "Turning 16 Days into 16 Years Through Olympic Legacies." Event Management 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096020197390239.
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The hosting of mega-events such as the Olympic Games provides a short period of intense excitement for residents and enhances the long-term awareness of the host destination in tourism markets. However, unless the event is carefully and strategically planned with destination and community development in mind, it can be difficult to justify the large investments required. This article focuses on two examples (the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics, and the Salt Lake City 2002 Games) in an attempt to demonstrate how “legacy planning” can help ensure that the hosting of a short-term mega-event such as the Olympics can contribute to the development and consolidation of facilities and programs that will benefit destination residents for many years.
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Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Kelly P., Natasha Bruno, Krystn Orr, Roxy O’Rourke, Virginia Wright, Rebecca Renwick, Kirsten Bobbie, and James Noronha. "Quality of Participation Experiences in Special Olympics Sports Programs." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0033.
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This cross-sectional study examined experiential elements facilitating quality sport experiences for youth (ages 12–24 years) in Special Olympics, and the associated influences of sport program and sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 451 athletes involved in the 2019 Special Olympics Youth Games completed a survey assessing elements of quality participation (autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning). The t tests investigated whether athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities rated elements differently across Traditional and Unified Sport programs. Regression analyses explored whether sport program and sociodemographic characteristics were predictors of these elements. Youth reported high mean scores across the elements, with no significant differences between athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Traditional or Unified Sport. Athletes with no reported disability rated higher autonomy than those who reported disability (p = .01). Women tended to report greater engagement in sport than men (p = .07). Findings provide theoretical and practical insights into quality sport participation among youth in Special Olympics.
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Draheim, Christopher C., Daniel P. Williams, and Jeffrey A. McCubbin. "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Differences between Special Olympians and Non-Special Olympians." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 20, no. 2 (April 2003): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.2.118.
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The purpose of the study is to determine whether cardiovascular disease risk factor differences exist between Active Special Olympians, Inactive Non-Special Olympians, and Active Non-Special Olympians. Resting blood pressure, total and abdominal body fat, fasting cholesterol profiles, and fasting insulin were measured in 145 (72 women, 73 men) adults with mild mental retardation. Active Special Olympians (n = 45) possessed lower diastolic blood pressures, body fat percentages, abdominal fat, triglycerides, and insulin than Inactive Non-Special Olympians (n = 38) and possessed lower body fat percentages than Active Non-Special Olympians (n = 62). Active Non-Special Olympians possessed lower triglycerides and insulin than Inactive Non-Special Olympians. Future prospective trials are needed to determine whether Special Olympics participation may be one effective component of community-based physical activity programs aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
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Ribeiro, Tiago, Abel Correia, and João Marôco. "Exploring the Games’ Intangible Legacy on Individuals: A Longitudinal Study of Teacher’s Community." Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100359.
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Hosting the Olympics is subject to socio-educational outcomes, which can represent intangible and peripheral assets for host communities. The current study explores the Games’ intangible legacy on teachers’ attitudes at different points in time. Data were collected among teachers who attended the Rio 2016 Education Program at three different stages: 2016 (n = 611), 2017 (n = 451), and 2020 (n = 286). A longitudinal trend study was designed using multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA tests and latent growth modelling. Results show that the teachers’ perceptions of Olympic knowledge had a significant growth rate, while skills development and network/social exchange do not show significant changes over the time periods. Longitudinal findings suggest the continuity of the Olympic education programs as the basis for strengthening the Olympic intellect and social capital formation.
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Rubio, Katia. "OLYMPIC EDUCATION." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss4.130.
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The educational nature of sport was in the foundation of the Olympic Movement since its inception. Understood as a pedagogical tool, sport was seen by Pierre de Coubertin as a possibility of celebration among people, a way to promote peace and development. In this sense, the Olympic Games are considered the public face of this pedagogical effort, and the understanding of Olympic education promotes values and knowledge on the sports universe and all its symbolic acquis. This argument triggers Olympic education programs by countries and cities involved in sport competitions based on the Olympic model. The aim of this study was to present the Olympic Education program developed by the São Paulo Secretary of Education for teachers working in the public school network of São Paulo. This course conducted over the years 2012 and 2013 relied on the participation of 250 teachers, mostly involved with Student Olympics, competition involving public schools of São Paulo.
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Conatser, Phillip, Keith Naugle, Mark Tillman, and Christine Stopka. "Athletic Trainers' Beliefs Toward Working With Special Olympics Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.3.279.
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Abstract Context: Certified athletic trainers (ATs) are often the first health care providers to treat injured athletes. However, few researchers have studied ATs' beliefs concerning working with Special Olympics athletes. Objectives: To examine ATs' beliefs toward working with Special Olympics athletes by using the theory of planned behavior model and to examine the influence of moderator variables. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Athletic Trainers' Beliefs Toward Special Olympics Athletes survey instruments were mailed to 147 directors of Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs–accredited athletic training education programs (ATEPDs) in 43 states and 120 cities. Patients or Other Participants: One hundred twenty ATEPDs (44 women, 76 men). Main Outcome Measure(s): We used stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine whether attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control predicted intention and to determine which moderator variables predicted attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine ATEPDs' beliefs about how competent they felt working with Special Olympics athletes and whether they were currently working with these athletes. Results: We found that subjective norm, attitude toward the behavior, and perceived behavioral control predicted intention (R = 0.697, R2 = 0.486, F3,112 = 35.3, P < .001) and that intention predicted ATEPDs' actual behaviors (R = 0.503, R2 = 0.253, F1,118 = 39.995, P < .001). Moderator variables that predicted attitude toward the behavior included more years of experience working with Special Olympics athletes, completion of 1 or more courses in adapted physical activity, ATEPDs' competence, completion of 1 or more special education courses, and sex (R = 0.589, R2 = 0.347, F5,111 = 11.780, P < .001). Moderator variables that predicted subjective norm included more experience working with Special Olympics athletes and more Special Olympics certifications (R = 0.472, R2 = 0.222, F2,112 = 16.009, P < .001). Moderator variables that predicted perceived behavioral control included ATEPDs' competence, more years of experience working with Special Olympics athletes, and a higher educational degree (R = 0.642, R2 = 0.412, F4,113 = 19.793, P < .001). Conclusions: Certified athletic trainers had favorable attitudes about the behavior beliefs toward working with Special Olympics athletes; however, their subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention beliefs were unfavorable. The ATEPDs reported they did not feel competent to work with Special Olympics athletes.
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Irmita, Luthfia Ulva, Mia Hilda Amanda, Badrus Syamsi, and Anton Wardaya. "IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM NASIONAL, INTERNASIONAL, DAN PEMINATAN (OLIMPIADE, PENELITIAN, DAN PROFESIONAL) DI SMA WARDAYA." JURNAL EDUSCIENCE 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jes.v9i2.2719.
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This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the national, international (cambridge) curriculum and specializations (olympics, research, and professionals) at SMA Wardaya. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Data collection techniques using triangulation techniques, namely through document studies, interviews, and observations. The research instrument used was a list of interview questions, observation sheets, and student response. The data obtained were then analyzed using an interactive data pattern, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The results showed that the implementation of national, international and specialization curricula (olympics, research and professionals) at SMA Wardaya could improve the quality of education at SMA Wardaya. This can be seen from the planning, implementation and evaluation of curriculum programs carried out by school principals, representatives of the curriculum, teachers and students are classified as good. In addition, based on questionnaires and observations on the implementation of learning, it also shows that 100% of teachers implement the learning process in accordance with the national, international and specialization curricula (Olympic, research and professional) curricula. The results of the questionnaire on student responses to the implementation of an integrated curriculum of national, international, and specialization (olympic, research, and professional) curriculum at SMA Wardaya showed 75, 60 % of students responded well. Students become more motivated in learning and can develop their skills.
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Utomo, Dwi Priyo, Aci Maria Jehaut Putri, and Teguh Santoso. "Student’s Critical Thinking Ability to Solve Problems HOTS in Regular, Acceleration, and Olympics Class Programs." Jurnal Didaktik Matematika 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v9i1.23242.
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Critical thinking skills are one of the main objectives of learning Mathematics. HOTS questions are needed so that students are familiar with international standard questions. This study aims to describe the mathematical critical thinking skills of students in the Regular, Accelerated, and Olympic class. Qualitative descriptive research approach with case study design. The subjects of this study were three students who came from different class programs. The research instruments used were tests and interviews. Data analysis used the following procedures: reduction data, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the Regular class students had 'low' critical thinking skills. Regular students are still confused about understanding the main idea of the problem, so the strategies used are not appropriate. Acceleration class students have 'good' critical thinking skills. Accelerated students can answer questions briefly and concisely, less thorough in drawing final conclusions. Olympiad class students have 'very good' critical thinking skills. Student answers are complete and clear. Olympiad class students understand the main purpose and objectives of the questions so that they lead to correct procedures and calculations.
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Вельтищев and Vitaliy Weltishev. "3D-Olympics And Computer Design Competition in Technical Universities Programs." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12169.
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The author shares his experience of training 3D geometric
design competition for technical objects using modern of
CAD-systems. It proposed the idea of development of creative
abilities of students in the process of learning the basics of geometric
modeling by incorporating elements of the structure of the
training methods of self-development. It is noted that the principle
of competition among the students in the group, encourages the
pursuit of the study of modern packages and the acquisition of new
skills. Created aimed at the development of creative abilities formation
technique Olympiad learning objectives based on the real
experience of designing in engineering offices and proposed a new
form of training for a competition at the expense of an additional
self-study students. As the experience of the first 3D-competitions,
the task of a typical section of the course of the IG does not attract
active and creative students who want to learn to work at a high
level and modern packages.
Systematic preparation for the 3D-competition is a necessary
and very useful tool to stimulate and self-study of the subject as
"Fundamentals of geometric modeling." This subject is not in the
programs of universities, but it is indispensable. The tasks of the
Olympiad are encouraged to include practical design solutions,
both in the solid state, and in surface modeling.
In more complex tasks with surface modeling is particularly
interesting to students. They seek to independently study the theoretical
and practical side of the work in computer-aided design
packages, so the competition celebrated its significant activity. In
tasks you are offered the use of standard methods of practical surface
modeling to create the technical and design form the projections
and conceptual sketches.
The article gives examples of practical solutions, which can be
seen a high level of theoretical and practical training of participants
in 3D geometric design competition, there is speed of execution of
tasks and the ability to solve professional design solutions.
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Ye, Lianhong, and Peng Di. "OPTIMIZING THE REGULATION AND CONTROL OF SPORTS INJURY AND FATIGUE OF WINTER OLYMPIC ICE AND SNOW ATHLETES BASED ON INJURY PREVENTION." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, spe2 (June 2021): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127022021_0026.
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ABSTRACT This study reveals the characteristics and relationship of sports injury and fatigue of the Winter Olympics athletes, and monitors the athletes’ psychological condition through case analysis of excellent athletes, and provides empirical evidence for athletes’ psychological training and preparation for the physical and mental health services of Winter Olympics. Through questionnaires, literature review and other methods to study the injury situation of Winter Olympics ice and snow athletes, the results show that the proportion of chronic lumbar and knee joint injuries, and repeated muscle strains of Chinese Winter Olympics ice and snow athletes is large, and the cure rate is not high. The preparation activities are neither paid enough attention or sufficient, and the rationality of training plan arrangement is insufficient. The main cause of injury is insufficient understanding of the mechanism of injury and illness among athletes and coaches. Individual elite athletes need to improve their coping skills and pay attention to their psychological fatigue. In view of the sports’ psychological characteristics and the problems faced by winter athletes, personalized psychological intervention programs should be formulated.
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Riggen, Katherine, and Dale Ulrich. "The Effects of Sport Participation on Individuals with Mental Retardation." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 1993): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.10.1.42.
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This study compared individuals with mental retardation participating in either a traditional segregated Special Olympic program or the new Unified Special Olympic program, which is integrated. The dependent variables of the study included self-perceptions of physical ability, social skills, and general self-worth. Actual physical abilities were also compared between the two groups. A control group not participating in sport programs was utilized. Self-perceptions were assessed with a modified version of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1982). Cardiovascular fitness was estimated with the 1-mi run-walk (AAHPERD, 1984). Sport skills were assessed by use of a standard skills test routinely used for team placement by Special Olympics. Unified athletes demonstrated an increase in social self-perception, which remained unchanged in the traditional athletes. There were no significant increases found in self-perceptions of physical and general self-worth for either the traditional or Unified Special Olympic participants. Both the segregated and integrated basketball participants demonstrated significant increases in basketball skills but not in cardiovascular fitness.
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Djobova, Stefka, and Ivelina Kirilova. "New dimentions of safety and security of special olympics athletes during events." Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika 29, no. 4s (August 10, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/str2021-4s-11-dimen.
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There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the sport sector worldwide as well as sports calendar. Sports events have been cancelled or rescheduled like Summer Olympic and Paralympic games. The same had happened with the Special Olympics (SO) events. The pandemic constitutes a global challenge to the sport movements in terms of security and safety for all participants. Much more complicated it appears to secure the athletes with intellectual disabilities. Pandemic research has found that people with intellectual disabilities are almost six times more likely to die from COVID-19 than the general population. The SO programs organizers will face unknown so far issues in terms of security and safety. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the influence of new safety and security events protocols of Special Olympics on the mission and particularly on the athletes. Methods: We applied documentary analysis including theoretical-logical analysis, systematic approach (structural-functional, structural-component and structural-integral aspect), comparative analysis, video analysis, field notes and focus group composed by participants in pervious SO World games (delegation leaders, coaches and parents). Results: The results of our research shows that most of the national SO programs are reporting that the pandemic have a devastating impact on the athletes and the movement in general. The new live reality is affecting not only the daily routines of athletes with intellectual disabilities but also their social interaction in terms of communication and emotional functioning. Conclusion: Having in mind that safety is first priority and applying all protocols, SO is attempting to preserve the mission, to ensure joy of sport and physical activity. In the new reality close contact and friendships are approached in a way to preserve them and to keep them as essential part of the events.
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Rodriquez, Jason, Anika Lanser, Holly E. Jacobs, Ashlyn Smith, and Sharbari Ganguly. "When the Normative Is Formative: Parents’ Perceptions of the Impacts of Inclusive Sports Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710889.
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This qualitative study examines the perspectives of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who participated in Special Olympics Unified Sports®, a program in which high school students with and without IDD compete on the same team. Based on semi-structured interviews with parents (n = 23) as part of a larger evaluation of Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools in three states in the United States, thematic analysis shows that parents perceived improvements in their child’s social and emotional skills, including demeanor and attitude, an enhanced sense of belonging at school, the emergence of new friendships and social opportunities, and rewarding interactions that flowed from the opportunity to engage in normative activities. Implications for schools and families are discussed in terms of the importance of providing and facilitating meaningful opportunities for inclusive extracurricular activities such as sports for youth with IDD.
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Marks, Beth, Jasmina Sisirak, Tamar Heller, and Mark Wagner. "Evaluation of Community-Based Health Promotion Programs for Special Olympics Athletes." Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities 7, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00258.x.
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Pinto, Pedro Janela, and Gustavo Lopes dos Santos. "Olympic Waterfronts: An Evaluation of Wasted Opportunities and Lasting Legacies." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041968.
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Mega-events such as the Olympic Games are powerful tools for city-branding and urban development, carrying the ability to create lasting physical, political, social, and economic legacies. Waterfront redevelopment has become a primary mechanism for revitalizing urban spaces, especially through brownfield requalification, and the Olympics have not been indifferent to this trend. Several recent editions have engaged in the rehabilitation of urban waterfronts. To analyze common mistakes that may impair the quality of these interventions, we apply a revised version of a binary evaluation tool to nine such Olympic Waterfronts, starting with Barcelona 1992, assessing their contexts, budgets, programs, plans, and environmental integration. The results show that the Olympic Waterfront can drastically change the image of the city, greatly contributing to the perceived success of the event’s legacy and creating new urban centralities. However, the inadequate management in the planning, delivery and, especially, legacy stages of the event can compromise this “Olympic Effect”. The test application of the evaluation tool proved successful in the context of mega-event planning and post-event transformation. It could potentially be useful in informing present and future decision-making regarding waterfront regeneration projects by highlighting pressure-points that, if not addressed, may hinder the future success of the interventions.
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Goodwin, Donna L., David A. Fitzpatrick, Robin Thurmeier, and Carol Hall. "The Decision to Join Special Olympics: Parents’ Perspectives." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 23, no. 2 (April 2006): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.23.2.163.
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This phenomenological study explored the decision-making experience of parents whose children joined Special Olympics programs. The experiences of 16 families with children 10-22 years old were gathered through interviews, artifacts, and field notes. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis (a) thoughtful instruction, (b) finding the fit, and (c) security of acceptance. Parents sought instructors who were interested in building relationships with their children and creating anxiety-free instructional environments for them. A good program fit occurred when instructors had expectations for motor skill development and increased independence. Parents also preferred environments that encouraged meaningful peer interactions. The findings were interpreted within the context of self-determination theory.
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Staff, Toby, Fernand Gobet, and Andrew Parton. "Early Specialization and Critical Periods in Acquiring Expertise: A Comparison of Traditional Versus Detection Talent Identification in Team GB Cycling at London 2012." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0039.
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The aim of this study was to compare two methodologies employed by the British Cycling talent identification program. Specifically, the authors investigated cyclists selected to represent GB cycling team at the London 2012 Olympics using (a) a traditional talent identification methodology (British Cycling Olympic Development Program), where selection is based upon race results and (b) a detection talent identification methodology (U.K. Sport Talent Team Program), which is a multi-Olympic event initiative that identifies athletic potential from physical and skill-based tests. To facilitate this comparison, the authors calculated the speed with which expertise was acquired. A Mann–Whitney U test (U = 16.0, p = .031) indicated that the speed of acquiring expertise was quicker in detection talent identification (Mdn = 5.4) than traditional talent identification (Mdn = 7.2). Practice started later with detection talent identification than with traditional talent identification (14.12 years vs. 11.23 years, respectively), which affected the period to excellence. Thus, detection talent identification resulted in an absence of early specialization, which suggests a critical period for attaining cycling expertise. The authors hypothesize a genetic basis of talent and propose that critical periods are important in detection talent identification programs.
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Koes, Mary T., and Joy Faini Saab. "Where All are Winners: A Mathematics Olympics for Parents, Students, and Teachers." Teaching Children Mathematics 3, no. 3 (November 1996): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.3.3.0118.
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Welcoming parents to the school environment to participate in a fun-filled mathe-matics-olympics learning activity promotes positive attitudes toward the school. Such participation instills a sense of pride in the educational achievements of the school, which translates into caring that each child is successful. Programs that involve parents from the planning through the implementation stage also foster a strong sense of mutual trust between homes and schools.
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Casa, Douglas J., Samuel N. Cheuvront, Stuart D. Galloway, and Susan M. Shirreffs. "Fluid Needs for Training, Competition, and Recovery in Track-and-Field Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0374.
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The 2019 International Amateur Athletics Federation Track-and-Field World Championships will take place in Qatar in the Middle East. The 2020 Summer Olympics will take place in Tokyo, Japan. It is quite likely that these events may set the record for hottest competitions in the recorded history of both the Track-and-Field World Championships and Olympic Games. Given the extreme heat in which track-and-field athletes will need to train and compete for these games, the importance of hydration is amplified more than in previous years. The diverse nature of track-and-field events, training programs, and individuality of athletes taking part inevitably means that fluid needs will be highly variable. Track-and-field events can be classified as low, moderate, or high risk for dehydration based on typical training and competition scenarios, fluid availability, and anticipated sweat losses. This paper reviews the risks of dehydration and potential consequences to performance in track-and-field events. The authors also discuss strategies for mitigating the risk of dehydration.
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Gander, Sarah, Jillian McNally, Kate Flood, and Natasha Hanson. "12 A qualitative study of factors that helped prepare athletes for Special Olympics sport programs." Paediatrics & Child Health 26, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): e8-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxab061.008.
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Abstract Primary Subject area Developmental Paediatrics Background Special Olympics (SO) is working to introduce more child and youth programs provincially and improve currently available programs. To date, there is little research published surrounding the experiences of SO athletes. Given the aim of SO to improve and grow the experience and health of youth, the present study explores the experiences of SO athletes and caregivers to understand what prepares athletes for SO programs and competition. Objectives 1. To describe the experience of SO athletes and caregivers and understand what best prepared them for their involvement in organized sport and physical activity. 2. To offer evidence-based strategies for creating an inclusive and encouraging environment for sports and physical activity for healthy active living and/or preparation for SO involvement. Design/Methods Both athletes and caregivers participated in semi-structured, conversation-based interviews. Eight English-speaking athletes involved in a variety of sports from around the province were interviewed, and four of these interviews included caregivers. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Results Five themes were identified throughout these interviews. The importance of a supportive environment emerged as a strong theme. Athletes valued the support of caregivers, coaches, and other players and felt this helped them improve and garner more enjoyment from their sport. Many athletes and caregivers discussed what motivated them to get involved and stay involved in SO. Common motivators included: a healthy, active lifestyle, friendships, and social skills. Barriers to involvement also were commonly discussed and included parental support, transportation, dissemination of information, and health concerns. Additionally, many athletes and caregivers felt that early involvement, starting with the basics, was important for developing skills to help transition to sports and competition. Finally, types of programming, including non-specialized vs. specialized activities, were discussed. Advantages of non-specialized activities included more time for practice and integration into society. Conclusion It is important that programs create a supportive environment, as this helps athletes improve and leads to further enjoyment. There is benefit to participation in non-specialized activities. Future programs could consider the addition of inclusive activities, or promotion of these activities. The motivators for involvement should be encouraged, including friendships/social skills and a healthy/active lifestyle. The barriers identified should be addressed when developing programming. Early involvement and learning basic motor skills play an important role in preparing athletes for sports, and competition and may lead to further involvement in sports. Early participation should be encouraged, and programs should find ways to reach more of this population, possibly through schools or physicians.
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Yordanova, Tatiana. "JUDGING RESULTS IN FIGURE SKATING AFTER THE ISU JUDGING SYSTEM WAS INTRODUCED IN 2004." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2, no. 2022 (December 20, 2022): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2022.02.6.
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Figure skating is the most subjective winter sport. If in other competitions, the result of the athlete is clearly monitored by a stopwatch, here the judges give marks for the performance. Judges are people who can be biased in judging or simply can make mistakes. 2002 was a turning point in figure skating judging. After the 2002 Salt Lake City USA Winter Olympics scandal, the so-called six-zero scoring system was replaced by a new judging system. The purpose of the research is to analyze the judges’ scores and dependencies between the final result and the separate segments of the evaluation when the ISU judging system was introduced in 2004. In order to achieve the set goal, the judging protocols of the Winter Olympic Games in women’s figure skating were studied after the introduction of the ISU judging system in 2004. After the introduction of the ISU judging system, the evaluation of the programs has become much more precise, where each element is evaluated separately. Expanding the scale for evaluating technical elements from -5 to +5 after the Winter Olympic games in 2018, according to the analyses carried out, leads to a greater weighting of the judging panel, which consists of 9 judges, rather than the technical panel, consisting of 3 specialists. This could ultimately lead to more objective judging in figure skating.
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Garcia, Beatriz. "The Olympic Movement and Cultural Policy: Historical Challenges and Ways Forward." Journal of Olympic Studies 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/26396025.3.2.04.
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Abstract Since its inception, the Olympic Movement has had a strong culture mandate, with “sport, culture and education” being presented as the essential pillars of Olympism in the Olympic Charter. Dedicated cultural programs—now called the Cultural Olympiad—have been a compulsory requirement at the Olympic Games since 1912; artists have always been welcome contributors to the Olympic narrative, and cultural values have informed the development of Olympic rituals from the outset. Despite this, John J. MacAloon and others have noted the lack of a coherent cultural policy framework within the movement and have debated the diversity and local sensitivity of the International Olympic Committee's cultural mandate and portfolio. This article reviews the significance of MacAloon's reflections on this subject since 2000 and interrogates the value of recent developments such as the role of culture within Agenda 2020, changes in the composition of the IOC Cultural and Olympic Heritage Commission, and the evolving positioning of the Cultural Olympiad as the leading contribution of Olympic host cities into the movement's cultural offer. The article concludes with reflections on the potential and challenges for fully inclusive, timely and representative Olympic cultural policies going forward.
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Choi, Young Hwan. "A Comparative Analysis of Ratings Based on Characteristics of the 2008 Beijing Olympics Terrestrial Programs." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 34 (November 30, 2008): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2008.11.34.433.
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Washburn, Kyle, Eric Rubenstein, Lindsay DuBois, Molly Sadowsky, Monica Forquer, Heidi Stanish, and Timothy Shriver. "From Development To Global Implementation Of Special Olympics Fitness Programs For People With Intellectual Disabilities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676740.33212.e2.
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Zheng, Wei Na. "The Aesthetic Appreciation of the Epochal and National Character of Competitive Martial Art Routines." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1886.
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With the temporal aesthetics as the mainstream background, the aesthetics appreciation of competitive martial art routines reflects obviously the characteristic of aesthetic globalization, which is just as same as the aesthetic characteristic of the programs mainly based on skills. While the competitive martial arts also inherited the essence of Chinese traditional aesthetics，that’s to say, pursuing artistic conception and the beauty of skills. After 2008, in order to promote the Olympic process of competitive martial art routine, we must enhance the aesthetic values of it in the whole world. When facing the two distinct characteristics of competitive martial arts’ fixed routine—epochal spirit and nationality, whether we choose just one or both is worthy of thinking. Zhang Dainian, Cheng Yishan pointed out in the book the Debate of Chinese Culture and Culture Theory that culture has both the characteristics of epochal spirit and nationality and the relationship between the two characteristics is general and specific. Cultures of different ethnic groups in the same era have the same epochal characteristics, which is general. And different ethnic groups have their own national features in the same era, which is specific. With the changes of the needs of current time, the aesthetics of martial arts becomes more and more important and especially the aesthetics for the fixed routine of competitive martial arts should adhere to the Olympic motto, “higher, faster, stronger” and it should also attract more audience, make more people appreciate its beauty and embodies higher aesthetic value. Competitive martial arts was not a formal program in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, however, it doesn’t mean that it will never enter the Olympics. This article analyzes the aesthetic situation from the perspectives of temporal spirit and nationality, searching further for a breakthrough of the development of competitive martial arts’ fixed routines.
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Choi, Young-lae, Seong-jin Yoo, Kyung-hyun Min, and Jae-yoon Bae. "A Critical Review on Volunteer Programs for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics : Focusing on the Manager’s Perspective." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 78 (October 31, 2019): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2019.10.78.281.
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Zulqarnain, Ibnu, Muhammad Muti'ur Rohman, Maftuhah Maftuhah, and Zakiyah Arifa. "Model Pembelajaran Program Ekstrakurikuler Bahasa Arab dan Implementasinya di Madrasah Aliyah Pesantren." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 3, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v3i1.629.
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Pesantren based madrasah makes the Arabic language as one of the essential things to be mastered by their students. Madrasah runs several Arabic programs to improve students attention and proficiency of Arabic language through extracurricular activities outside the classroom that aim to enrich knowledge and channel students interest and talents. However, among these various activities, many of it do not operate well because of lack of skills. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of extracurricular programs in MA Pesantren Nurul Ulum and the language learning models used. The research used the descriptive qualitative method. The data sources of this research are the instructors in the Arabic extracurricular program, the location, files and photos of activities that carried out by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study are the implementation of extracurricular programs in MA Pesantren Nurul Ulum by using various language learning models following the objectives of the activities; cooperative models in Arabic Olympics extracurricular, Taqdimul Qishshah, and Khithabah, communicative-eclectic and quantum models in quiz extracurricular. Diverse learning models make the learning process more varied for teachers and students while train student competencies. Then it should be realized as a whole in Arabic language education.
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Prior, Jason Hugh, and Giorgio Tavano Blessi. "Social Capital, Local Communities and Culture-led Urban Regeneration Processes: The Sydney Olympic Park Experience." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (December 12, 2012): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2684.
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Culture has become increasingly important in regeneration processes designed to deal with urban futures. Urban regeneration processes in which culture has played a prominent role range from large-scale public investments in cultural facilities and artefacts as ‘hallmarks’ of urban regeneration projects (e.g. Guggenheim Bilbao), through to the use of ‘one shot’ cultural events such as the Olympic Games as a catalyst and engine for regenerating urban areas. The aim of this paper is to examine the association between social capital (SC), local communities and the culture-led regeneration process at Sydney Olympic Park (SOP), New South Wales, Australia. The catalyst for the transformation of an industrial wasteland into SOP was the awarding of the Olympics to Sydney in 1993. A convenience sample of 47 professional reports associated with the regeneration process at SOP between 1993 and 2010 were analyzed, the aim being to understand how local communities had been linked to the regeneration process through SC. Results from the analysis identified three principal associations between SC, local communities and the ongoing SOP regeneration process. The first association related to how, during the early years of the regeneration process, SC was used as a means of expressing concern about how governance mechanisms implemented at SOP might adversely impact the ability of local communities to engage in decision making that affected their local environment. The second related to the use of community development programs to build SC in local communities through the SOP development. The third related to a call for the development of measures to understand how the development of SOP impacts on the SC in local communities. Eight in-depth interviews with professionals involved in the regeneration process were used to provide further insights into the three principal associations. The paper discusses findings through reference to broader arguments surrounding the potential, capacity and nature of SC.
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Jevtić, Branislav. "Sources and sustainability of the cycle of high-performance competitive swimming in Serbia." Fizicka kultura 75, no. 1 (2021): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fizkul2101071j.
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The subject of this paper concerns the nature of individual changes and the origin of organizational ones that have led to the progress and breakthrough results of competitive swimming in Serbia. Serbia's first swimming medals were won at the Olympic Games (OG), World Championships (WCh), and European Championships (ECh) in the senior and junior categories for both men and women, and the world and European records were set during the analyzed period (2000-2016). The Serbian male and female swimmers also marked the period concerned with winning the title of Serbia's best athletes in both senior and junior categories (2008 and 2009, 2010). Descriptive, structural, functional, and causal analysis of the facts related to this period of development of competitive swimming in the Republic of Serbia, as the method applied in this paper, led to the conclusion that the talent of an athlete, top coaches, in addition to new training practice, science, technology, innovation (NIT), SOFT programs, and the involvement of meso and macro levels of sports organization represent the factors relevant to the progress in individual performance as well as to the intensive growth of competitive swimming in the examined period. The limited capacities of competitive swimming have been determined in terms of the sustainability of the top competition results achieved. In this paper, the international and national cultural narrative of the men's 100m butterfly final at the Beijing 2008 Olympics (Čavić vs Phelps) was elaborated.
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BUSTOS, E. R. O. E., C. E. MAMANI, and C. D. SANJINÉS. "LA OLIMPIADA BOLIVIANA DE FÍSICA Y LA OLIMPIADA BOLIVIANA DE ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA COMO PROGRAMA DE INCENTIVO AL ESTUDIO DE LA FÍSICA EN BOLIVIA." REVISTA BOLIVIANA DE FÍSICA 39, no. 39 (December 15, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53287/nysn2914xg25y.
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The Bolivian Physics Olympiad (OBF) and the Bolivian Astronomy and Astrophysics Olympiad (OBAA) programs were created to address the urgent challenge of how to encourage the study of the sciences among Bolivian youth and in particular the study of physics, astronomy and astrophysics. The idea behind the programs has been to generate greater scientific and technological capacities that enhance the cultural, as well as the economic and social aspects for the country’s development. The OBF and OBAA programs started in 1997 and 2006, respectively. Since then, many generations of students have been motivated in public and private educational units in Bolivia. At the start only senior students were invited to participate, but later younger students were targeted and the invitation was extended to 6th grade primary school children and onwards, involving a total of seven categories at a national level. The majority of public and private universities have started nourishing themselves with the talent of those ex-olympic students, as well as, several foreign universities. Also, many Bolivian delegations have participated in Latinamerican, Iberoamerican and International Olympiads. Participation in these international events has highlighted the competitivity of Bolivian youth. In addition we stress that the goal put forward is being achieved, not only for our country but also for the benefit of humankind. Thus, we could say that the olympiads program is, in principle, ad aeternum.
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L. Bartolome , Ph. D., Liza. "RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS OF STRASUC OLYMPICS: A DISASTER RESPONSE AND GOVERNANCE." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12082.
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Southern Tagalog Regional Association of State Universities and Colleges (STRASUC) Olympics is a densely populated event and composed of players that are one of the most vulnerable groups in society. To reduce this vulnerability, particularly in sports events, it is important to provide a Disaster Management Plan. STRASUC also have many resources and therefore, has a responsibility towards its immediate locality, just as the neighboring community is linked to them.Pursuant to Republic Act (RA) No. 10121 entitled The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, an act mandated to strengthen disaster management in the Philippines, which mandates all national government agencies to institutionalize policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) from national to local levels including CHED guidelines on DRRMO, which is mandated to initiate and spearhead the establishment of mechanisms to prepare, guarantee protection and increase resiliency of STRASUC constituents in the face of disaster, CHED issues the enclosed coordination and information management protocols in STRASUC offices to establish the system of coordination and information management and provide guidance to STRASUC offices on their respective roles and functions relative to DRRM implementation.Furthermore, Commission on Higher Education (CHED) issues the enclosed Comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in their lecture to ensure resilience-building in universities to maintain quality education even during disasters and/or emergencies.The DRRM office institutionalizes the culture of safety at all levels, to systematize the protecytion of education investments and to ensure continued delivery of quality education services. It shall serve as the focal and coordinative unit for DRRM-related activities. The DRRMO shall perform the following specific functions: Act as the focal point in planning, implementing, coordinating and monitoring of activities related to DRRM, EiE and CCA. Develop aznd recommend policy standards and actions on management on DRRM/EiE/CCA matters. Initiate and coordinate cooperation and collaborative activities with the national government agencies, NGO and CSO.
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Bukhala, P., V. Onywera, A. L. Toriola, and S. O. Onagbiye. "Assessment of Physical Fitness Status of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities Participating in Special Olympics Programs in Nairobi County, Kenya." Journal of Human Ecology 59, no. 2-3 (September 2, 2017): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2017.1368202.
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Dugan, Omur, Elif Bozyiğit, and Ian Henry. "Developing an Instrument to Evaluate the OLI Olympic Education Program in Turkey: Case Study of Implementation." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 5 (November 16, 2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i5.2669.
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The goal of the ‘Olympic Movement’ is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practices with Olympism and its values. To contribute to the Olympic Movement; Culture and Olympic Education Commission of Turkish NOC, has prepared an interactive Olympic education project called “OLI” since 2009, which reached 3 million students. It is very important to develop a means to analyze if the Olympic education program OLI fullfills its aims. Therefore the research question of this study is “What are the principal aims of the OLI program and how can we develop an evaluation procedure to assess the extent to which these aims are achieved?” A sample group was a class of students (n=33) who participated in the OLI education. The methodology of the study included developing the survey from the context of education given to evaluate the program. Before and after case study was conducted to the students. The questions developed were related to knowledge about the modern Olympic Games and knowledge of attitudes associated with, Olympic values and Olympism. According to the results of the survey; the OLI project increased the knowledge about Modern Olympic Games and the knowledge of attitudes associated with, Olympic values and Olympism. The importance of the study was that; even though there is a wide range of approaches to Olympic education programs, there is indeed no detailed evaluation methods. With this study; an approach which is short, sharp, feasible and something which can be used relatively easy to implement was developed.
Keywords: Olympic education; olympic movement; olympism; primary education
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Šukys, Saulius, and Daiva Majauskien. "Effects of an Integrated Olympic Education Program on Adolescent Athletes' Values and Sport Behavior." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 5 (June 18, 2014): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.5.811.
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We examined the effect of an integrated program of Olympic education on adolescent athletes' Olympic values and their behavior in sport. Participants were 747 adolescent athletes (482 boys and 265 girls aged between 13 and 18 years) attending Lithuanian schools implementing (n = 430) or not implementing (n = 317) an integrated Olympic education program. Participants completed questionnaires about Olympic values and prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport. Results showed that adolescent athletes from schools not implementing an Olympic education program scored lower than athletes from schools where this program was implemented, on human values of Olympism, social virtues of Olympism, individual pursuit of excellence, and prosocial behavior in sport.
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Corsello, Jenalee, Darren B. Nease, Semeret Munie, Paul Bown, and Farzad Amiri. "The Importance of the Institution of a Robotic Curriculum on Resident Training and Performance." American Surgeon 88, no. 5 (December 2, 2021): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031348211060460.
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In 2018, general surgery topped the number of robotic cases. Over 90% of residents participate, but only 65% of programs have a formal curriculum, and less than half track progress. Many are insufficient at training due to an observational role. This paper reviews Marshall University General Surgery Residency program’s robotic curriculum, which started in 2018. The curriculum consists of a weekend course and simulations, enabling residents obtain certification. Residents participated in Intuitive’s Resident Robotic Olympics with first place in 2019 and second and third place in 2020. For the 2021 year, the robotic curriculum was revised into phases based on year. Deadlines and forms help improve and track progress. It is important to develop a curriculum with a protocol for training, monitoring, and credentialing to ensure proficiency. Marshall University General Surgery robotic curriculum has been successful at improving robotic skill, enabling residents to obtain a robotic surgery certification upon graduation.
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May, Jerry R., and Linda Brown. "Delivery of Psychological Services to the U.s. Alpine Ski Team Prior to and during the Olympics in Calgary." Sport Psychologist 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.3.4.320.
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A broad spectrum systems theory approach to the delivery of psychological services is presented. The target population includes the athletes, coaches, administrators, ski company representatives, and family members. The delivery of service involves individual dyadic and group sessions. The methods of service include educational, clinical, organizational, and a research data base. The major goal is to instill individual self-monitoring and self-control of personal well-being and achievement. Utilizing several theoretical frameworks such as behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, group dynamics, and insight oriented has worked best. Success of the program is multifactored: (a) being willing to commit a major amount of time to a single sport; (b) providing a broad range of services, from mental skills training, crises intervention, injury prevention and rehabilitation to team building, communication, and referral of individual to practitioners; (c) attending to organizational issues and program evaluation; and (d) common sense, practicability, and a willingness to be flexible with programs.
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Bobrovnick, V. I., M. L. Tkachenko, S. P. Sovenko, A. V. Kolot, D. S. Danilyuk, and S. G. Lytvynenko. "Fundamentals of physical and technical training for qualified athletes specializing in race walking at the first and second stages of long- term improvement." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(139) (August 20, 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.8(139).05.
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Based on the generally accepted methodology of the training process for an athlete who specializes in race walking, where the main exercise is a competitive one, namely race walking, which is performed in different zones of intensity, the improvement of technical skills should be carried out first of all along with the development of the special physical fitness. And this is one of the most important directions in the optimization of the training process for qualified race walkers, mainly at the second stage of long-term training.
The process of teaching the technique and its further improvement should take into account the relevant rules even at the initial stages of long term training, that means at the first stage. The performance rates dynamics of race walkers in the 20 km walk at the Olympic Games, World Championships and Championships of Ukraine during the period of 1991-2021 was analyzed. It was determined that the performance of race walkers in the 20 km walk improved by 7-10%. Ukrainian athletes, who performed at the Olympics and World Championships, took places in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th dozen of participants. The main direction in the process of the physical preparedness and technical skills formation is not only the improvement in strength, speed, agility and endurance, but the participation of the best race walkers at the championships of Ukraine is also necessary. Such participation is mandatory for showing the qualification standards, which make it possible to participate at the top athletics forums of the year. In the process of training race walkers in the 20 km walk, it is necessary to apply the training programs, including those exercises, which are adequate in terms of kinematic and dynamic characteristics to the competitive exercise and exceed physical abilities of race walkers. This should be applied for both men and women.
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Tu, Zhi Fang. "Comparative Study of the Joint Development of Sports Industry and Challenge-Taking Program." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2693.
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The multi-angle analysis of it, in terms of its level design, its track location, its contained culture, and its participants, indicated that challenge-taking program is a product in the context of Beijing Olympics in 2008 based on sports items, bringing into both entertainment and challenge and blended with Water Margin culture, enterprise culture, community culture, earthquake relief spirit, and physical culture, which has set off a national fitness craze. The tracks are mostly built in the holiday villages, science and technology parks, parks, water parks or scenic spots near the TV stations. This program has a coupling with such sports industry as sports competition performance industry, sports fitness and entertainment industry, sports tourism, and sports goods industry. Challenge-taking program is said to be a new carrier, through which sports industry is jointly developed with culture, tourism and other relative industries. The bold intervention of professional guidance in sports can not only promote scientific level of such programs, but also accelerate the construction of intangible sports industry by implanting sports goods advertisement and the upgrade of tangible sports industry by developing sports apparatus, bringing in new developing space of sports advertising and sports goods industry.
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Scannell, Paddy. "Broadcasting and Day to Day Routine: Britain." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100104.
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Imagine a world without broadcasting. What would we miss if, from tomorrow, say, there were no more radio and television? The nightly news, favourite soaps or comedy series, the ways in which listening and viewing help to pass the time, especially in the evenings or at weekends; the live coverage of big occasions (the Olympics or a royal wedding); the special programs on special days such as Christmas … these losses we might point to quite readily, hut they would not sufficiently account for the effects of the absence of broadcasting. The media are today, one taken for granted element in the day to day life of members of our societies. In this article I want to pay attention to the unobtrusive ways in which broadcasting sustains the lives and routines, from one day to the next, year in year out, of whole populations, and to reflect on some of the implications of these processes. I will try to account for the ways in which the times of radio and television are organised in relation to the social spaces of listening.
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Min, Seok-Ki, Seung-Taek Lim, and Kwang-Kyu Lee. "The Relationship of Performance and Physical Fitness Factors in Korean National Men’s Bobsled and Skeleton Athletes." Exercise Science 31, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00423.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between performance-related factors and physical abilities in Korean national bobsled and skeleton athletes.METHODS: Sixteen bobsled and skeleton athletes who participated in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a Korean national team volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were evaluated in terms of performance-related factors, including anaerobic power, 5 bound jump (5 BJ), and sprinting speed by sections, and physical abilities, including isokinetic strength, 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) strength, body composition, anthropometry, and agility. Stepwise selection of multiple regression analyses was used to investigate the relationship between performance-related factors and physical ability.RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were observed between anaerobic power, sprinting speed by sections, 5 BJ and chest, isokinetic strength (knee, 180°/s), deadlift, and side-step.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the performance of Korean national bobsled and skeletal athletes is related to upper and lower body strength and agility. Thus, future training programs for bobsled and skeletal athletes should focus on improving strength and agility for performance enhancement.
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Seiler, Stephen. "Evaluating the (Your Country Here) Olympic Medal Count." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 2 (March 2013): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.203.
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An Olympic Games is a measurable test of a nation´s sporting power. Medal counts are the object of intense scrutiny after every Olympiad. Most countries celebrate any medal with national glee, since 60% of competing countries will win none. In 2012, 10% of the competing countries won 75% of all medals. Despite this concentration among a few countries, more countries are winning more medals now than 20 years ago, thanks in part to athlete-support and -development programs arising around the globe. Small strong sporting countries like Norway are typified by fairly large variation in medal results from Olympiad to Olympiad and a high concentration of results in a few sports. These are important factors to consider when evaluating national performance and interpreting the medal count. Medal conversion, podium placements relative to top 8 placements, may provide a measure of the competitiveness of athlete-support programs in this international zero sum game where the cost of winning Olympic gold keeps rising whether measured in dollars or human capital.
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Nam, Jung-Hoon, Bong-Arm Choi, and Eun-Hyung Cho. "Exploring and Developing a Scale Using Item Response Theory for Sport Psychological Skills in Speed Skaters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138035.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a sports psychological skills scale for speed skaters and examine the validity of the scale. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, skaters from around the world were set as a population, and then data from 456 athletes were collected using convenience sampling from the athletes participating in the 2020–2022 World Championships and the Beijing Winter Olympics. For analysis, V coefficient, Parallel Analysis, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling, Maximum Likelihood CFA, and analysis of Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis were carried out by using WINSTEPS 3.65 and MPLUS 7.04 programs. The level of statistical significance was all set at α = 0.05 and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling, Maximum Likelihood CFA, and Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis fit used TLI, RMSEA, the concept of reliability. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the factorial structure of SPSS was extracted as five factors with 17 items. Second, the analysis of MCFA on the transformative leadership scale, according to gender differences, was carried out, and cross validity was fulfilled.
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Witczuk, Julia, Stanislaw Pagacz, and L. Scott Mills. "Optimising methods for monitoring programs: Olympic marmots as a case study." Wildlife Research 35, no. 8 (2008): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07187.
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Monitoring of rare and declining species is one of the most important tasks of wildlife managers. Here we present a large-scale, long-term monitoring program for Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) throughout its range across a logistically challenging mountainous park. Our multiple-stage process of survey design accounts for the difficulty imposed by access to remote habitats and funding constraints. The Olympic marmot is endemic to the Olympic Mountains, Washington State, USA. Although nearly all of its range is enclosed within Olympic National Park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. We considered several possible alternative survey approaches, and propose a monitoring program designed to reflect extinction–recolonisation dynamics using presence–absence data. The sampling design is based on annual surveys of a set of at least 25 randomly selected clusters (closely located groups of sites with record of current or historical occupancy by marmots), and supplemented by sampling 15 never-occupied sites to test for new colonisations. The monitoring plan provides a framework that park managers can use for assessing changes over time in Olympic marmot distribution across the range of the species. Our sampling design may serve as a useful case study for establishing monitoring programs for other species with clumped distributions.
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Shanygin, S. I., and E. I. Zuga. "Statistics on the Allocation of Infrastructural Facilities in Russia (Territorial and Economic Aspects)." Economics and Management, no. 7 (September 15, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-7-38-48.
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The presented study examines statistics on the construction of infrastructural objects in the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to analyze the allocation of federal and regional infrastructural facilities with allowance for socio-economic positions.Tasks. The authors examine the commissioning of different types of infrastructural facilities in the Russian Federation, identify regional peculiarities of their allocation, and assess the socio-economic implications of large-scale construction of similar facilities in Sochi in preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics.Methods. This study uses systems analysis methods and data of the Federal State Statistics Service to conduct a retrospective study of the current situation in Russia, structural dynamic analysis of the allocation of infrastructural facilities across the country’s regions, and an assessment of socioeconomic indicators.Results. The current trends in the allocation of the major types of infrastructural facilities in modern Russia are determined. Regions with the most favorable conditions for the development of such facilities are identified. A methodology for planning corresponding projects with allowance for their mutual influence and funding restrictions is developed. Changes in the quality of life of Sochi residents due to the construction of facilities in preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics are assessed.Conclusions. Construction of federal and regional infrastructural facilities affects the socio-economic development of the corresponding regions and serves to improve the quality of life of the local population. In Russia, there is a positive dynamics in terms of the allocation of such facilities. However, these effects are perceived controversially, and the trends towards improving the quality of life (through the example of Sochi) do not align with the results of large-scale construction in the region. When planning federal and regional development programs for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to conduct an in-depth multi-factor forecasting of social and economic implications of the implementation of such programs.
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Vinereanu, Arina, Aneta Munteanu, Alexandru Stănculescu, Alexandru Titus Farcașiu, and Andreea Cristiana Didilescu. "Ecological Study on the Oral Health of Romanian Intellectually Challenged Athletes." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010140.
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This study aimed to give an image of the oral health status and treatment needs of intellectually challenged athletes taking part in Special Olympics—Special Smiles (SO-SS) events organized in Romania during 2011–2019 and to find potential associations with socio-economic factors. An observational ecological retrospective study was conducted, and 1860 oral examinations were performed on participants aged 8 to 30 years in nine SS-SO events. Oral examination was performed under field conditions. Percentage of caries-free subjects, mean DMF-T index and its components (D = decayed; M = missing; F = filled; T = teeth), restoration index RI = [F/(F + D) × 100]%, and Plaque Index were calculated for each of the nine groups. Caries-free subjects ranged between 5.90% and 21.70%. DMF-T ranged from 4.27 to 7.71. Higher values for “F” component (range 0.66–1.69) and RI (range 13.02–27.74%) were found in events held in cities from regions with higher reported Gross Domestic Product. Sealants were present in 0 to 8.4% of the subjects. In areas with lower numbers of inhabitants per dentist, more sealants were found (p < 0.001). Romanian SO athletes exhibited relatively poor oral health, limited access to dental treatment, and low level of prevention. Targeted prevention and treatment programs adjusted to specific conditions in each geo-economic region are needed.
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Kuzmenko, Nikolai Egorovich, Georgiy Vasilevich Lisichkin, Nikolai Khristovich Rozov, and Oksana Nikolaevna Ryzhova. "A teacher’s almanac first published by MSU’s faculty of chemistry celebrates anniversary." Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, no. 4 (December 29, 2014): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2014-4-72-81.
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This article is dedicated to the tenth anniversary of a “Natural Science Education” Almanac that was started with the help of the International Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad. Now it is a quite prominent, authoritative and often quoted edition. The Almanac includes a selection of highly informative articles dedicated to the various issues of such spheres as teaching, didactics, educational policies, organization of educational programs (not only for chemistry but also for other natural sciences and mathematics), methods of teaching chemistry in schools, institutes, universities, as well as Olympiads, programs for gifted students and international exchange of experience in education field.
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Lee, Ji-Yeon, and Jeung-Woo Son. "The Analysis of Composition and Characteristic in Olympics Cultural Program: Focusing on the 1988 Seoul Olympics and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games." Journal of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 15, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2021.6.15.4.187.
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Келдибекова, Аида, Aida Keldibekova, Нина Селиванова, and Nina Selivanova. "Olympiad tasks on geometry, methodical techniques for their solution." Profession-Oriented School 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d6772e7b75a81.22805374.
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The main content of the article is devoted to the geometric problems of mathematical school olympiads. The study revealed the types of operating with spatial images in the process of solving problems, the stages of forming spatial representations of students in the study of geometry and objectives of the course of visual geometry. It was concluded that the formation of spatial, topological, spatial, projective representations goes through successive stages, developing the geometric skills of schoolchildren. Olympiad tasks, designed on the basis of school programs and textbooks on geometry, make it possible to check the formation of the geometric skills of schoolchildren. The article may be of interest to mathematics teachers, students and schoolchildren who are interested in methods of solving olympiad problems in geometry.
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Maricato, Erminia. "The Future of Global Peripheral Cities." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16685174.
Full textAbstract:
In June 2013 an unprecedented movement spearheaded by young people took to the streets of Brazilian cities. Despite the diversity of explanations of the protests, one thing became clear: the urban question was at the center of events. Brazil has become an international role model for its innovations in social policy and even urban policy. There have been social struggles for a democratic city. New policies, new programs, new projects, and a Ministry of Cities have been created. This democratic and participatory process has taken place in the context of fiscal adjustment and therefore contention over resources. When the federal government resumed investment in cities following a developmentalist project, capital linked to the production of space took over the leadership of the urban process and the virtuous cycle of urban policy declined. Investment in works directed by the real estate market in the context of mega-events such as the World Cup and the Olympics together with tax relief for the purchase of automobiles deepened the deterioration of urban living conditions, especially housing and mobility. Em junho de 2013 um grupo de jovens criou uma onda de protestos jamais vistos nas cidades brasileiras. Não obstante a multiplicidade de explicações para esses protestos, algo ficou claro: a questão urbana era o elemento central desses eventos. O Brasil tornou-se modelo internacional para inovações em política social e urbana. Havia uma luta social por centros urbanos democráticos. Novas políticas, novos programas, novos projetos e um Ministério das Cidades foram criados. Esse processo democrático e participatório ocorreu num contexto de ajuste fiscal e consequentemente de contenção de despesas. Quando o governo federal retomou os investimentos em cidades após um projeto desenvolvimentista, o capital atrelado à produção de espaço tomou as rédeas do processo de urbanização e o ciclo virtuoso da política urbana foi interrompido. Investimentos em projetos direcionados pelo mercado imobiliário no contexto de megaeventos como a Copa do Mundo e as Olimpíadas, bem como incentivos fiscais para a compra de automóveis, aumentaram a deterioração da qualidade de vida urbana, especialmente no que diz respeito à moradia e à mobilidade.