Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ombudspersons

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ombudspersons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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Škodáček, I. "Child ombudsmen as collaborators of child psychiatry ?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72062-4.

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Legislation regulates rights also of individuals with mental disorders. Observance of these regulations is monitored by so-called Ombudsperson,or the Public Defender of the Rights. Since 2002, special attention has been paid to young generation in Slovakia. Developmental problems and issues of rights of ordinary and mentally handicapped children have also been dealt with, applying the paradigm that childhood is entitled to special care and assistance. And this is the ground for collaborators of the Public Defender of Rights, i.e. for school. They are helpful to parents of the minor, to teachers, healthcare professionals and to other adults working with minors. Thus the children ombudspersons become assistants of pedopsychiatry. From the viewpoint of a child psychiatrist, it was important to solve cases of Child Abuse and Neglect syndrome of various scope. Since December 2008, a project for creating the network of children collaborators of the Public Defender of Rights is in operation in Slovakia. Children from a school or other institution selected from their ranks a “children ombudsperson” who is willing to defend the rights of each member also with mental problems and disorders. For this reason is the necessity of development of international cooperation of ombudspersons for children which takes place in 22 European countries within the ENOC (The European Network of Ombudspersons for Children) which was commenced in a greater scale in April 2010. The children ombudspersons should be taken into account in the public healthcare system and they should become a part of the standard care for minor patients.
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Radek, Robert. "Europejska Sieć Rzeczników Praw Dziecka i jej rola w zakresie ochrony praw dziecka. Wybrane problemy." Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego 76, no. 6 (2023): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.06.06.

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The article is devoted to analysing the activities of the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children. The experience gained so far allows us to draw conclusions as to the activities of the institution coordinating the activities of ombudspersons for children in Europe and confirms that the exchange of good practices, support and coordination effectively strengthens the protection of children’s rights. This article aims to draw attention to selected problems related to the specificity of the activity of this European institution, which integrates not only the institutions of children’s rights ombudspersons but also other institutions established to protect the rights of the youngest in the situation of multifaceted threats of the modern world. The author tries to show that the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children undertakes intensified efforts to protect children’s rights and is effective in this respect.
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Dolan, Norman J., and Colin J. Bennett. "What Is an Ombudsperson? Global Diffusion, International Standardization, and Institutional Diversification." Political Studies Review 17, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 370–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929918807972.

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The global diffusion of administrative institutions such as the Ombudsperson office provides clues into wider questions of democratic development. Explanations of institutional diffusion tend to assume, however, that the essential character of the institution remains relatively stable. While the office of the Ombudsperson has become a potent symbol of administrative fairness and independence in defense of the individual against the powerful public agency or corporation, we show that the essential identity of this office has changed over time. As the number of agencies calling themselves ombudsmen has proliferated, the number of functions performed have diversified, shaping public perceptions and expectations. The article describes this pattern of institutional diversification into a widespread network of classical, executive, organizational, and advocacy ombudspersons. The institutional proliferation has led to processes of institutional standardization, and an increasing motivation to defend the ombudsman “brand” to justify its status and distinguish its place within different political and administrative systems.
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Fernandes, Fernando Manuel Bessa, Sandra Aparecida Venâncio de Siqueira, José Inácio Jardim Motta, and Murilo da Conceição Cunha Wanzeler. "Challenges in the methodological path of building the Institutional Accreditation process for SUS ombudpersons." Saúde em Debate 46, spe4 (November 2022): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e411i.

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ABSTRACT This paper aims to reflect on the theoretical and practical challenges in the methodological path of building the Institutional Accreditation process of the Unified Health System (SUS) ombudspersons, developing teaching materials, and the dynamics of fundamental interactions between the stakeholders involved. It discusses the trajectory of a working partnership between a team of researchers and a department of the Ministry of Health, which aims to theoretically and methodologically support the actions of the sector working on the principal participation and social control topics and, in particular, the ombudspersons, generating evidence for management decision-making. The authors present the challenges in partnership and the process and discuss from a methodological, reflective, and participatory viewpoint, presenting ideas and concepts that have evolved and govern the pedagogical materials prepared for the instrumentalization of the Institutional Accreditation process of SUS ombudspersons as a theoretical-practical framework. The authors conclude that adopting a challenging constructivist method is a healthy effort for self-improvement and guarantee of the affirmation of democratic values, effective in the constant search for the qualification of the actions of the ombudspersons, research activity, management practice, and services and public policies.
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Dahlvik, Julia, Axel Pohn-Weidinger, and Martina Kollegger. "Independence despite Political Appointment ? The Curious Case of the Austrian Ombudsman Board." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 181–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2020-0020.

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AbstractThis paper addresses the politicization of public institutions through the case of national ombudspersons. While there is an established literature on the politicization of top public officials, we lack research on the politicization and / or de-facto independence of supreme or supervisory bodies, including ombuds institutions. In this paper, we combine the insights of three bodies of literature in order to build a framework for the empirical study of national ombuds institutions: Literature (1) on the independence of public institutions, in particular ombuds and regulatory agencies, (2) on politicization and party patronage in state institutions, and (3) on career patterns and selection criteria of top public officials and the administrative elite. We then discuss these issues on the basis of an empirical field study of the Austrian om-buds institution: First, drawing on a socio-demographic analysis of ombudspersons we identify common features of their profiles and career paths. We find that overall the ombudspersons represent a relatively homogenous group, but the political party represents an explanatory variable for some of the ombudspersons’ characteristics. The second set of empirical results, drawing primarily on qualitative interviews with case-handling staff, demonstrates that despite the institution’s public efforts and many interviewees’ reassurances that the AOB is independent and acts as such, there are several areas in which party-related positions become visible in the AOB’s work. These results are integrated into a typology on the effects of political appointment modes of ombudspersons, which should enable further research in this field.
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Siqueira, Sandra Aparecida Venâncio de, Fernando Manuel Bessa Fernandes, Caio Tavares Motta, Murilo da Conceição Cunha Wanzeler, José Inácio Jardim Motta, and José Antônio da Silva Santos. "Institutional Accreditation of SUS Ombudspersons: An analysis of the initial external evaluation experiences." Saúde em Debate 46, spe4 (November 2022): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e410i.

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ABSTRACT Based on the Qualification course of External Evaluators for the Accreditation process in the Unified Health System (SUS), held in 2018, this paper aims to discuss the challenges to the training process of these evaluators from a perspective of participatory evaluation to contribute to the improvement of external evaluation and self-evaluation devices. To this end, 33 documents produced with the practice of these devices were analyzed within the project. In external evaluation, the main challenge is to ‘look at the other’. This specific type of perspective requires the External Evaluation Team’s mastery over the previous knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for the work to capture knowledge, intentions, and relationships expressed in the statements of the subjects. In self-evaluation, the main challenge is ‘looking at oneself’. Taking oneself as an object of knowledge and field of transformation requires specific ways of doing to gain quality in work processes. Building a culture of evaluation in which the information produced supports decision-making is a challenge for the ombudspersons, which can be overcome with the Quality Benchmark of the Ombudsperson Services of the SUS.
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Long, Joëlle. "Enhancing Children’s Participation Through Direct Reporting to the Public Authorities." International Journal of Children’s Rights 31, no. 4 (December 4, 2023): 841–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-31040004.

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Abstract Powerful tools for promoting children’s rights include direct reporting, which refers to communicative acts performed by individuals below the age of 18 to draw the attention of public authorities to rights’ violations experienced by themselves or their peers. However, for various reasons, children rarely reach out to public authorities to report offences or abuse. Drawing on data collected from focus groups with children, field visits to children’s ombudspersons, and two surveys conducted as part of the Children Digi-core project, we argue that while direct reporting can empower young people by giving them a voice, it can also result in secondary victimisation if not properly managed. Therefore, it is crucial to establish clear guidelines and procedures to ensure the well-being and protection of children. In light of this, the article offers recommendations to public authorities, particularly local ombudspersons for children, on how to collect and handle children’s reports.
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Mutu, Adriana. "Enforcing ethical standards to safeguard the credibility and legitimacy of public media corporations: The role of News Ombudspersons in Spain and France." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 4 (April 9, 2024): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i4.2916.

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This study introduces a cross-country comparative analysis of the role of News Ombudsperson in the public media corporations in Spain and France. It investigates the specific media self-regulatory processes established to reduce reputational risks and increase the trust and credibility of the media organisations. It aims to fill in the gaps in prior research by applying a qualitative framework developed using indicators derived from scholarly work on regulation and governance and media management. The variables selected for the analysis are extracted from prior interdisciplinary research and focus on media self-regulatory processes, complaints management mechanisms, election, reporting procedures, checks and balances, roles, visibility and transparency of News Ombudspersons in two countries which represent the Polarised Pluralist media system category. Research questions are raised in relation to the main variables identified for the comparative analysis. Data were collected from multiple publicly available international sources, including public media organizations databases, national media regulatory authorities, and academic studies. Results reveal cross-country variations. The systematic investigation of different forms of self-regulatory procedures might lead to concrete recommendations and best practice models for media organizations beyond the European Union. Further research could address the role of media audiences as relevant stakeholders in media governance processes.
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Vincent, Alice. "Ombudspersons for future generations: Bringing intergenerational justice into the heart of policymaking." UN Chronicle 49, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2c3c1e22-en.

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Larichev, Aleksandr. "Ombudspersons’ control over municipal authorities: the Canadian experience and its applicability in Russia." Sravnitel'noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 5, no. 114 (2016): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2016-5-83-96.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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Li, Sau-leong, and 李秀亮. "The ombudsman in Hong Kong: a quest to improve public administration in the HKSAR." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B5025554X.

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Schlaffer, Rudolf. "Der Wehrbeauftragte 1951 bis 1985 aus Sorge um den Soldaten." München Oldenbourg, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2838590&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Maddocks, Rhiannon, and Ronja Ulvfot. "‘Children on the move are children first’ : A Critical Analysis of Position Papers on Children on the Move from the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-153486.

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With children on the move at the forefront of policy-making and research in Europe in recent years, it has been argued that children’s rights are increasingly encroached upon through tighter immigration controls and inconsistent policy interventions. The European Network of Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC) is an institution that aims to address children’s rights violations at a regional level throughout Europe, meaning that it should in its promotion of core children’s rights ensure a balance is reached between provision, participation and protection in addressing policy problems relating to children on the move. Through a discourse analysis this thesis critically examines how problems are represented in ENOCs position statements, and how ENOC represent and construct children and childhood in relation to children on the move. Our analysis indicated that the statements were predominantly based within a rights-based approach, especially where longer-term strategies were promoted. This reveals that ENOCs emphasis on the need for children’s rights to take precedence over state sovereignty, that children’s rights to participation and non- discrimination is accentuated over child protection perspectives, and that the recognition of the heterogeneity of the experiences of children on the move is endorsed. However, whilst ENOC seeks to move away from stereotypical notions of the migrant child, by promoting their agency and heterogeneity, children on the move are also represented in isolation in the position papers. Disassociated from family and adult migrants, children on the move are constructed as victims, vulnerable, dependent and in need of special care and assistance. In this light, their construction conveys a notion of complexity, however, it is also evident that their vulnerability is fostered in order to receive the protection and support they are entitled to, whether at a regional, European or international level.
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Leung, Man-kit, and 梁文傑. "The office of the ombudsman of Hong Kong: an evaluation from the perspectives of street-level bureaucrats, thepublic and members of the Legislative Council." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965465.

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Johnston, Kristine. "Extracting Truths: State Regulation and the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42602.

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Taking the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) as its empirical focus, this study engages in a critical analysis of (capitalist) state regulation and corporate social responsibility as it relates to the Canadian extractive industry. Using a theoretical-analytical combination of Marx’s ideology theory and critical discourse analysis, the study explores discourses pertaining to the introduction, creation, and role of the CORE – the Canadian state’s most recent response to corporate harms and crimes within the industry – to uncover the factors that shaped this process. Further informed by critical criminological literature on corporate crime, the study found that dominant neoliberal capitalist narratives prevailed in determinations of which regulatory approach should be adopted by the state. Dominant voices sidetracked counter-hegemonic claims in debates about human rights and international development by prioritizing the economy, leaning on Canada’s “good” global reputation, downplaying the violence of the industry, and redirecting blame. Ideological assumptions about the nature of state regulation, corporations, and capitalist law and politics further influenced which knowledge claims “won out.” Despite the emergence of the CORE as a logical state response to corporate crime and impunity, however, debates about its role are ongoing. This not only reinforces the idea that (capitalist) dominance is never absolute but signals the ever-present nature of resistance and possibility for change.
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陳進展. ""自上而下" 的行政監督制度 : 兼論當代中國行政監督制度改革的主要方向." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636866.

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"A study of the Hong Kong ombudsman from the perspective of functionalism." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893126.

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Cheung, Wang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-170).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract
Chapter Chapter one: --- "Research Background, Research Question and Organization------" --- p.1
Chapter Chapter two: --- Literature Review --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction
Chapter 2.2 --- Literature on functionalism
Chapter - --- Scientific origin
Chapter - --- Approaches
Chapter - --- Objectives and logic of structural functional analysis
Chapter - --- The key concepts of structural functionalism
Chapter - --- Almond's structural functional approach
Chapter - --- Critical evaluation
Chapter 2.3 --- Literature on the classification and the functions of ombudsman
Chapter - --- Classification of ombudsman institutions by mandates
Chapter - --- Models of ombudsman
Chapter - --- Functions of ombudsman
Chapter - --- Impacts of ombudsman
Chapter Chapter three: --- Research Design and Methodology --- p.54
Chapter - --- The structural functional perspective
Chapter - --- Research design
Chapter - --- Conceptualization and operationalization of concepts
Chapter - --- Evaluating roles and functions: method and the use of materials
Chapter Chapter four: --- The Hong Kong Ombudsman Office --- p.64
Chapter 4.1 --- Historical review on the development of the Hong Kong Ombudsman Office
Chapter 4.2 --- The Ombudsman Ordinance
Chapter 4.3 --- Perception and expectation on the Ombudsman
Chapter - --- The perception and expectation of the general public
Chapter - --- The ombudsman's self perception
Chapter - --- Interview with the Assistant Ombudsman
Chapter 4.4 --- Cases and the ombudsman initiatives
Chapter - --- Caseload and handling methods
Chapter - --- Nature of cases
Chapter - --- Case studies: remedies and recommendations
Chapter - --- Initiatives of the Ombudsman
Chapter Chapter five: --- Conclusion and Discussions --- p.155
Chapter - --- To study the Ombudsman by its roles
Chapter - --- The development of the Ombudsman
Chapter - --- The roles of the Ombudsman
Chapter - --- The functions of the Ombudsman
Chapter - --- Research limitations
Chapter - --- Further research possibilities
Appendix I Questionnaire for the Interview with the Assistant Ombudsman --- p.163
Bibliography --- p.165
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Books on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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Asmara, Galang. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia. Surabaya: LBJ, 2012.

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Howard, Charles L. The organizational ombudsman: Origins, roles, and operations : a legal guide. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2010.

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Pignataro, Sergio. La difesa civica nell'ordinamento italiano. Padova: CEDAM, 2000.

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Hossu, Laura A. Avocatul poporului: Practică instituțională și mecanisme de intervenţie. Bucureşti: Editura C.H. Beck, 2013.

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1929-, Sá Adísia, Vilanova Fátima, and Maciel Roberto, eds. Ombudsmen, ouvidores: Transparência, mediação e cidadania. Fortaleza: Edições Demócrito Rocha, 2004.

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Institute, International Ombudsman, ed. Regionalization - the Ontario experience. Edmonton, Alta.]: International Ombudsman Institute, 1986.

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Institute, International Ombudsman, ed. Having a federal ombudsman. Edmonton, Alta.]: International Ombudsman Institute, 1986.

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Secretariat, Commonwealth, ed. The Ombudsman and good governance in the Kingdom of Lesotho. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2000.

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Erhürman, Tufan. Dünyada ve KKTC'de Ombudsman. Lefkoşa [Cyprus]: Işık Kitabevi Yayınları, 1995.

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Ileana, Gólcher, ed. La Defensoría del pueblo: Un ejemplo de democracia participativa. Panamá: Danida, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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Thacker, Emma J. "Academic Integrity and the Canadian University Ombudsperson." In Handbook of Academic Integrity, 585–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39989-3_107.

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Thacker, Emma J. "Academic Integrity and the Canadian University Ombudsperson." In Handbook of Academic Integrity, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-079-7_107-1.

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Thacker, Emma J. "Academic Integrity and the Canadian University Ombudsperson." In Second Handbook of Academic Integrity, 585–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54144-5_107.

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Lejeune, Stefanie. "Externe Unterstützung der Korruptionsprävention durch Ombudspersonen." In Korruptionsprävention, 107–23. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06314-6_7.

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Göpel, Maja. "Ombudspersonen für zukünftige Generationen: Diktatoren oder Bürgervertreter?" In Kann Demokratie Nachhaltigkeit?, 89–108. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04895-2_7.

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Mizugaki, Gentaro. "Ombudsperson NGOs and Effective Information Disclosure in Japanese Local Governments." In Archives, Accountability, and Democracy in the Digital Age, 29–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6715-9_3.

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Sándor, Judit. "Hungary: Ombudspersons and patients’ rights representatives in Hungary." In Protecting Patients’ Rights?, 55–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375335-5.

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Watson, Sandy White. "Women in the Academy." In A Cross-Cultural Examination of Women in Higher Education and the Workplace, 113–36. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0102-9.ch006.

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In this chapter, the author examines the state of women in higher education, including a discussion of roadblocks and deterrents. The author reveals deterrents/roadblocks in common recruitment practices, retainment requirements, and advancement policies. She then focuses on initiatives designed to mitigate those deterrents that act to transform institutions, starting with research and evaluation, identifying and forming pipeline initiatives designed to encourage women to apply for positions in higher education. These initiatives are classified as structures (such as childcare facilities, lactation centers, family resource centers, etc.), pipeline initiatives (equity advisors, ombudspersons/offices, etc.), programs/initiatives (peer networking, mentoring, etc.), policies (tenure clock extensions, etc.), and climate initiatives (addressing unconscious bias, bystander interventions, etc.).
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Thym, Daniel. "Court of Justice: Achievements and Limitations." In European Migration Law, 69—C3P80. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894274.003.0004.

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Abstract Judgments of the Court in Luxembourg are a central object of analysis for anyone dealing with European migration law. Chapter 3 points out that they do not come out of thin air. Inspection of procedural rules unveils the black box of judicial decision-making; rules of procedure prioritise the views of some actors over the position of others. Deference to the position of the legislature is one explanation why the judicial output fluctuates between dynamic constitutional rulings and an administrative mindset of doctrinal hermeneutics. A statistical survey of the case law unearths significant thematic asymmetries. Judgments on migration law reaffirm the centrality of preliminary references, notwithstanding divergences in the number of references between the Member States and according to subject matter. In areas where judges deliver few rulings, alternative accountability mechanisms are particularly important. Ombudspersons, financial and managerial control, and public attention can play a critical role in such situations.
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Coverage, Crime. "Accountability." In Murder in our Midst, 126–44. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863531.003.0007.

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Crime coverage practices vary widely among the models, but these variations are under threat in an increasingly globalized world. To consider what is at stake, this chapter details some of the threats to preserving cultural difference, and then suggests journalists in each Watchdog country consider borrowing aspects of Ireland’s approach as one possible way to push back as a profession against government threats of legislation, business incursions, profit motivations, and, most importantly, to counter, in ways unique to each country, others’ influence on crime coverage. The chapter discusses the professionalism of journalism and accountability measures, like news ombudspersons and press councils, to better include voices of citizens and shore up flagging credibility. Finally, the importance of maintaining individual crime coverage practices is asserted because without a distinct voice, all journalism risks defaulting to an exaggerated tell-all American or British style that is synonymous with, and driven by, the Internet, not by best practices.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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"COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNIVERSITY AND THE OMBUDSPERSON FOR CHILDREN IN THE EDUCATION OF TEACHER’S FACULTY STUDENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2023v1end023.

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Reports on the topic "Ombudspersons"

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Gangi, Massimiliano, Jami Hubbard Solli, and Jennifer Romero-Torres. Establishing a Financial Services Ombudsman in Mongolia: Experiences and Lessons from Armenia, Australia, and Singapore. Asian Development Bank, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230219-2.

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Alternative dispute resolution in the form of a financial ombudsperson, mediator, or arbiter adds value to the financial services sector. It can provide redress for high volumes of consumer complaints, establish rules of conduct for financial service providers, and improve the sector’s overall health and sustainability. This paper sets out insights from three long-standing financial alternative dispute resolution systems in Armenia, Australia, and Singapore. It outlines how the different systems work and highlights lessons for countries interested in developing similar arrangements to strengthen financial consumer protection.
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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