Dissertations / Theses: 'Omd'

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Ekue, Ayih Roba. "La microassurance." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020078.

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L’Organisation des Nations Unies a décrété l’année 2005 « année du microcrédit », dans l’espoir de réduire la pauvreté dans le monde, conformément aux huit objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). Présenté comme un précieux instrument de lutte contre la pauvreté, ce système créé par le Docteur Muhammad YUNUS prix Nobel de la Paix 2006 et fondateur de la Grameen Bank au Bangladesh, s’est propagé à travers le monde et notamment dans les pays en développement. Il permet d’offrir des petits prêts à des populations pauvres exclues du système financier afin de développer des activités génératrices de revenus et d’épargner. Plus connu sous le nom de la microfinance, ce terme désigne aujourd’hui, le microcrédit, l’épargne, le transfert d’argent et l’assurance. En effet, l’accès aux prêts n’excluait pas les autres risques, car le décès, la maladie, l’invalidité et les dommages aux biens fragilisaient aussi ces populations, révélant leur besoin d’assurance et il est évident que la prise de conscience de leur état de pauvreté, suscite la réduction de leur vulnérabilité. Une logique sous-tend l’offre par le biais de la « microassurance » dont le champ sémantique et opérationnel relève des compétences des assureurs qui en se lançant sur ce marché, doivent faire face à de nombreux défis car la microassurance s’inscrit dans des contextes bien spécifiques. Entre innovations et traditions, la démarche sera conçue dans le cadre d'une politique intégrée avec les Etats, acteurs traditionnels du développement, institutions de microfinance, organisations non gouvernementales et bailleurs de fonds internationaux, dont l'appui était essentiel. En dix ans, la microassurance a connu une croissance extraordinaire. Mais malgré les efforts accomplis, le bilan montre qu’il reste encore du chemin à faire
The United Nations declared 2005 as the « Year of Microcrédit », in the hopes of reducing the level of world poverty, as part of the eight main objectives of the millennium development goals " OMD ". Presented as a valuable tool against poverty, this system created by Doctor Muhammad Yunus, 2006 Nobel Peace Price, and founder of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, is used throughout the world and most notably in developing countries.It allows " small loans " to impoverished populations which are excluded from financial systems so that they can develop activities that generate income as well as offer them the opportunity to save. More known as " microfinance", this term refers today, microcredit, savings, money transfer and insurance.Indeed, access to loans does not exclude other risks such as death, sickness, invalidity, as well as potential damages to capital goods. These numerous risks show their absolute need for insurance and it is obvious that awareness of their poverty will reduce their vulnerability.A development logic behind the offer through the " microinsurance " whose semantics and operational field within the competence of insurers embark on this market have to overcome a number of challenges as the field of " microinsurance " are in very specific and often difficult contexts.Between innovative and traditional, the approach will be integrated policy with the states, the traditional development actors, microfinance institutions, ONGs, international donors, whose support was essential.In ten years, " microinsurance " has experienced a extraordinary growing. But despite the progress that has been made, the resume shows that there is still much work to do

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Symons, John Nicholas. "A synthesis of leadership and learning in outdoor management development (OMD) design." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239108.

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Jones, Phillip John. "The theory and practice of outdoor management development (OMD) : a stakeholder analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418028.

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Jung, Joël. "Omd : une méthode de décodage optimal orientée objet pour les séquences d'images." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5463.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'amélioration de la qualité des séquences vidéos, par une approche variationnelle, orientée objet, appliquée au décodage. En particulier, nous mettons en place une méthode de décodage pour les séquences de type DV, MJPEG, MPEG1 et MPEG2, qui permet de réduire l'ensemble des artefacts provenant d'un schéma classique de transmission de vidéo, apparus lors de l'acquisition, de la compression, de la transmission, du stockage ou encore de la lecture. Dans un premier temps, les différents aspects de l'artefact de compression sont traités, en proposant des contraintes adaptées et ciblées, agissant dans le domaine spatial, spatio-fréquentiel, et fréquentiel. Ensuite, l'introduction d'une fonctionnelle réalisant un lissage temporel nous permet de mettre en place l'approche orientée objet, en extrayant les objets en mouvement de la séquence. Enfin, ces contraintes spatiales et temporelles sont intégrées dans un schéma global de décodage, qui gère au fil-de-l'eau les changement de plan et les mouvements de caméra. Dans un second temps, les artefacts dus à des erreurs de transmission retiennent notre attention. Dans le cas d'une simulation de perte de cellule ATM sur Internet, la localisation pixellique de l'impact dû à cette perte est estimée. Cette information est intégrée dans la fonctionnelle à minimiser, pour traiter efficacement ces pertes. La suppression des autres dropouts bénéficie quant à elle de l'approche orientée objet. Les résultats expérimentaux mettent en évidence la prise en compte simultanée des différents types d'artefacts, et de la qualité de la séquence reconstruite (. . . ).

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Davaapil, H. "The role of the proteoglycans OMD and PRELP in the maintenance of brain vasculature." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10049906/.

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OMD and PRELP are proteoglycans belonging to the family of small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs), whose members have been shown to modulate a variety of cellular processes, including migration, proliferation and differentiation. Abrogated expression of SLRP members has been linked to a multitude of developmental, age-related and inflammatory diseases. Previous work from the Ohnuma lab has shown that OMD and PRELP are strongly expressed in brain vasculature, and in this study, I aim to extend the understanding of OMD and PRELP in the context of vascular homeostasis. The cellular localisation of OMD and PRELP was investigated and I determined that OMD is weakly expressed in neurons, whereas PRELP is expressed in pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, microglia and ependymal cells. I have shown that there is vascular dysfunction in PRELP-/- mice. There is increased blood vessel content in the brain, accompanied by blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Analysis of BBB components indicates basement membrane components laminin and perlecan are down-regulated in addition to coverage by pericytes and astrocyte end-feet. PRELP-/- mice also exhibit weakened adherens- and tight-junctions between endothelial cells. I have determined that OMD-/- brain vasculature is comparable to that of wild-type. I propose that PRELP has a role in maintaining vascular function. PRELP may modulate the stability of the BBB by acting as a bridging molecule for basement membrane proteins.

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Papadaki, V. "Roles of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans OMD and PRELP in development and cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1460134/.

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Osteomodulin (OMD) and Proline/arginine-rich and Leucine-rich Repeat protein (PRELP) belong to the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family and as extracellular matrix components have the ability to influence various cellular functions, including cell growth, migration and proliferation, while their mutation or aberrant expression can cause developmental disorders and cancer. This thesis extends previous work in further understanding the roles of OMD and PRELP in cancer and also during mouse development. In the current project OMD and PRELP are overexpressed in a bladder cancer cell line where they are found to alter cell morphology, reduce cell invasion and anchorage-independent growth, while they also inhibit tumour growth in xenograft mouse models. Additionally, we show that OMD and PRELP mediate their effects by cross-regulating different signalling pathways and also by affecting tight junction formation. Furthermore, novel knock-out mouse models of OMD and PRELP were generated, where a Lac-Z cassette has been inserted in the coding regions of the two genes, allowing us to follow their expression under X-gal staining. Therefore a detailed analysis of expression patterns was initially conducted. OMD and PRELP were both expressed in skeletal elements during mouse development, while in adult mice they were differentially expressed in neurons and epithelia of the brain and the eye, and in the urothelium of the bladder. Finally, the novel knock-out mice were used to assess any cancer-related aberrant phenotypes arising from OMD and PRELP deficiency. The bladders of the knock-out mice presented with early stages of urothelial papillary formations, where the junctional complexes were also disrupted, suggesting that lack of OMD and/or PRELP is permissive for cancer initiation. Overall, with our current findings we hope to improve the understanding of SLRP biology in carcinogenesis, and we would like to propose OMD and PRELP as potential targets for the development of cancer therapies.

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Keita, Diene. "Droit international et développement durable en Afrique : le bilan mitigé des OMD et des partenariats pour le développement." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010300/document.

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L'ensemble des pays d'Afrique s'accorde sur le fait que le développement humain est une aspiration fondamentale des peuples de la région et des gouvernements qui les représentent. Ainsi ont-ils tous adopté la Déclaration du Millénaire. Cependant les avancées d'une manière générale ont été en deçà des attentes. Entre 1990 et 2000, les pays africains n'ont atteint en moyenne que 10% des objectifs du Millénaire, au lieu des 40% nécessaires pour être sur la bonne voie. L'analyse globale du suivi des OMD montre que 4 pays ont atteint un certain nombre de cibles spécifiques et que plus d'un tiers des pays de la sous-région pourrait atteindre les principaux objectifs notamment dans les domaines de scolarisation, de la nutrition, et de l'accès à l'eau potable. Les autres pays par contre pourraient connaître de réelles difficultés à relever les défis sans un soutien effectif et durable de la communauté internationale. Malgré le bilan mitigé des accords de partenariats, de nombreux spécialistes estiment que l'atteinte des OMD en Afrique ne peut s'envisager sans des partenariats internationaux. D'où la nécessité de conserver le sens du réalisme c'est-à-dire de solliciter le concours financier, technologique et intellectuel que peuvent apporter les pays industrialisés, en particulier ceux de l'Union Européenne et des États-Unis d'Amérique, et déplacer la charge de la mise en œuvre du développement durable des États vers les citoyens et ce au travers la consécration des partenariats «publics-privés» et « États/Sociétés civiles»
All African countries agree that human development is a fundamental aspiration of the peoples of the region and the governments that represent them. So they all adopted the Millennium Declaration. However, overall progress has been below expectations. Between 1990 and 2000, African countries averaged only 10 per cent of the Millennium Development Goals, instead of the 40 per cent required to be on the right track. The global analysis of MDG monitoring shows that 4 countries have reached a number of specific targets and that more than one third of the countries of the subregion could reach the main objectives, particularly in the areas of schooling, nutrition, and access to clean water. Other countries, on the other hand, could face real difficulties in meeting the challenges without effective and lasting support from the international community. Despite the mixed record of partnership agreements, many experts believe that achieving the MDGs in Africa cannot be achieved without international partnerships. Hence the need to maintain the sense of realism that is to ask for the financial, technological and intellectual assistance that can bring the industrialized countries, especially those of the European Union and the United States of America , and to shift the burden of implementing the sustainable development of states towards the citizens through the dedication of "public-private" partnerships and "states / civil societies"

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Traore, Hamadoun. "Stratégies d'accès à l'eau potable et aux infrastructures d'assainissement à Bamako (Mali)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3121.

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Dans la plupart des pays en voie de développement, l'un des défis majeurs à révéler par les pouvoirs publics demeure la couverture des besoins des populations en services sociaux de base (Eau potable, Électricité, Infrastructure d'assainissement, etc.). A Bamako, les problématiques liées à ces services se posent avec beaucoup plus d'acuité que la ville connaît un des taux de croissance démographique et spatiale les plus importants du continent (3,5%) . Malheureusement, cet étalement n'a pu être accompagné par un développement proportionnel des infrastructures adéquates à cause de la faiblesse des ressources de l'Etat. Les difficultés énormes rencontrées par ces pays dans ce domaine ont amené la communauté internationale à initier les OMD. Au Mali, comme partout ailleurs, un impressionnant arsenal institutionnel et juridique a été mis en place à cet effet (PNAEP, Code de l'eau, PNE, PNA, etc.). Grâce à ce dispositif, même si beaucoup reste encore à faire dans le domaine de l'assainissement, les objectifs seront atteints dans le domaine de l'eau. Et pour une meilleure efficacité de la société de distribution de l'eau potable, l'Etat malien a ouvert son capital aux investisseurs privés. Après une expérience de 5 années de partenariat public-privé, marquée par un environnement économique mondial difficile et un contexte sociopolitique complexe, le bilan est diversement apprécié. Bamako et plusieurs autres centres urbains restent partiellement privés d'eau potable. Pour pallier cette présence insuffisante de l'Etat, aussi bien dans le domaine de l'eau potable que de l'assainissement liquide, des initiatives locales se sont développées à travers toute la ville de Bamako
In the majority of developing countries, one of the major challenges the authorities have to take up is to provide the populations' basic social services needs (drinking water, electricity, cleaning-up infrastructure, etc.). In Bamako, the set of problems linked to these services comes with more severity, as the city has one of the most significant population and spatial growth rate of the African continent (3.5%)1. Unfortunately, this spreading out of Bamako did not go with a proportional development of adequate infrastructures, due to the weakness of the resources the State has. The huge difficulties encountered by these countries in this field led the international community to initiate the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In Mali, like everywhere else, an impressive array of institutional instruments and legal arsenal has been enacted for this purpose (the National Drinking Water Access Plan, the Water Code, the National Environmental Policy, the National Sanitation Policy, etc.). Through this mechanism, the goals will be achieved in the area of water, though there is still much to be done in the area of sanitation. In order to ensure a better effectiveness of the drinking water supply company, the Malian government has even opened it up to private investors. After an experience of 5 year public-private partnership, characterized by a tough global economic environment and a complex socio-political context, assessments of the results achieved vary greatly. Bamako and many other urban centers partially remain without drinking water

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Santos, Antonio Cardoso dos. "Impacto na qualidade de vida de um programa educacional para prevenção de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (LERDORT)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18499.

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Introdução: Os Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LERDORT) são um grande problema em saúde pública e frequentemente são causas de incapacidade temporária ou permanente. LERDORT constitui uma síndrome que se manifesta por patologias diversas: sinovites, tenossinovites, neurites, síndrome miofascial, epicondilites, tendinites, bursites, que acometem principalmente os membros superiores, coluna, mas também os membros inferiores. São de etiologia multifatorial: ergonômicas, organizacionais, individuais, psicossociais. Sua incidência é variável dependendo das populações de risco e da acurácia dos registros. Essas patologias têm diagnóstico difícil, onde os sintomas não condizem com os exames clínicos, e têm uma grande variabilidade de tratamentos, que em geral são de eficácia restrita, o que justifica a busca de intervenções de caráter preventivo. Os programas educacionais em saúde têm sido relatados como uma das estratégias de prevenção de LERDORT. Portanto a busca de uma intervenção educacional para prevenção primária de LERDORT, com potencial impacto na qualidade de vida do trabalhador e na produtividade no trabalho, parece ser uma alternativa interessante, e a sua eficácia medida por instrumentos validados mostra-se como um desfecho confiável a ser obtido no estudo. Objetivo: Testar o impacto de um programa educacional para prevenção de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (LERDORT) na qualidade de vida de trabalhadores. Métodos: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico aberto onde 101 funcionários de uma empresa de comércio de aços foram randomizados em dois grupos. O grupo intervenção foi submetido a um programa educacional para prevenção de LERDORT de 6 semanas, com encontros de 1 hora, na empresa, com no máximo 25 participantes, onde abordou-se de forma interativa de dinâmica de grupo a multifatoriedade de causas, biomecânica, ergonomia, cuidados posturais, e exercícios específicos. O grupo controle, com a mesma dinâmica e frequência recebeu um programa de orientação geral em saúde sobre: nutrição, obesidade, sono, higiene e prevenção de doenças, manejo de stress, mudanças de estilo de vida, e dicas para uma vida segura e saudável, que de forma objetiva e suscinta também era abordado no grupo intervenção. Os desfechos avaliados foram as variações nos escores de qualidade de vida medidos pelo Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), sendo o principal desfecho o domínio “capacidade funcional” e as variações na capacidade para o trabalho avaliadas pelo Work Limitation Questionnaire (WLQ). Resultados: Cinquenta sujeitos randomizados foram alocados para o grupo intervenção e 51 para o grupo controle, sendo que 6 sujeitos saíram do estudo antes de receber qualquer intervenção. Após 5 semanas não observamos diferenças na variação dos escores do SF-36 e WLQ entre o grupo intervenção e o grupo controle, assim como não houve diferença após 26 semanas. Mas a análise intragrupos demonstrou, na semana 26, uma melhora significativa de alguns domínios do SF-36. No grupo intervenção, houve diferença nos domínios dor, estado geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos mentais e resumos dos componentes físicos e mentais, e no grupo controle, nos domínios dor, aspectos sociais e resumo dos componentes mentais. No mesmo período de 26 semanas houve melhora do domínio “demanda de produção” do WLQ no grupo controle. Não houve diferença na análise estratificada por trabalhadores de escritório ou da produção. Conclusão: Não há evidência de que um programa educacional específico para prevenção de LERDORT, aplicado no local de trabalho, leve à melhora em curto prazo na qualidade de vida ou produtividade no trabalho, quando comparado com um programa educacional de orientação geral em saúde. Ambos os programas levaram a melhoras em vários domínios do SF-36 e WLQ, mas não no domínio “capacidade funcional”.
Background: Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders (OMD) represent a major problem in public health and frequently cause of temporary or permanent work incapacity. OMD is defined as a syndrome that includes many diseases: sinovites, tenossinovites, neuritis, tendonitis, miofascial syndrome, bursitis, and that can involve the upper extremity, back, and also the lower extremity. OMD is mutilfactorial, including ergonomic, organizational, individual, psychological and social factors. The incidence is variable according to risk population and the accuracy of the data. Diagnosis of OMD is difficult because many symptoms do not correspond to findings in the clinical examination, and there were several types of treatment with restricted effectiveness. Thus research on preventive interventions is needed. Health educational programs had been reported as a preventive strategy in OMD. Therefore search for an educational intervention aimed to primary prevention in OMD, with impact in quality of life and work productivity, using outcomes measured by validated tools, represent and important unmet need. Objectives: To evaluate the impact in Quality of Life of a specific educational program for prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 101 clerical and production workers of a steel trading company. The intervention group underwent 6 weekly sessions of specific orientation about prevention of OMD. The 1 hour sessions occurred at the worksite, with up to 25 subjects, utilizing a group dynamic to discuss the mutilfactorial aspects of OMD: biomechanic, ergonomic, postures care, and specific exercises. The control group received an educational program in general health, including themes such as nutrition, avoiding obesity, sleep, hygiene, prevention of diseases, reducing stress, changing lifestyle, and tips for a safe and healthy life. These issues were also debated in the intervention group in a summary way. The outcomes were evaluated by Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short Form (SF-36), been the main outcomes the physical functioning domain, and the Work Limitation Questionnaire (WLQ). Results: Fifty subjects were randomized to intervention group and 51 to control group. Six subjects were withdrawn before any intervention. After 5 weeks and 26 weeks no significant differences was shown in the primary outcomes. However, within group analyses showed statistically significant improvement in bodily pain, general health, vitality, mental health, PCS (Physical Component Summary), and MCS (Mental Component Summary) in the intervention group. The control group presented statistically significant improvement in bodily pain, social functioning, MCS, and output demands in WLQ. No difference was shown in the stratified analyses of clerical and production workers. Conclusion: No evidence was shown that a specific educational program for prevention of OMD at the worksite improved life quality or work productivity in a short time, when compared with an educational program in general health. Both programs improved several domains of SF-36 and WLQ, but not in physical functioning.

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Plée, Dominique. "Molecules and formulations with odd and old names." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99905.

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A lo largo de la historia, no todas las moléculas se llamaban como las conocemos hoy. Es interesante recordar algunos de estos nombres olvidados y, quizás, intentar rastrear sus orígenes. Existen también moléculas poco conocidas con nombre extraño, aunque para aprovechar mejor el asombro o la sonrisa que inducen sus nombres, hay que ser un poco angloparlantes (o incluso conocedor de jerga anglosajona), aunque tampoco hay necesidad de ser un aficionado a la obra de Shakespeare en versión original.
Through history, the names of many molecules have changed. It is interesting to remember those forgotten names and to try to track their origin. There are also molecules that are not so well known and which have peculiar names which are able to induce smiles or astonishment to English speaking people (especially those who understand the slang). Nevertheless, it’s not necessary to be a Shakespeare’s fan to understand and appreciate this funny nomenclature.

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WONG, Ka Yee. "于省吾《雙劍誃尚書新證》研究." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/19.

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于省吾（1896-1984)，中國著名古文字學家、訓詁學家，著作成果頗豐，其古籍《新證》系列，以古文字及出土器物作為考訂及訓釋的材料，被視為開啟山林之作。當中《尚書新證》是《新證》系列中最早出版的著作，可反映于氏訓詁方法的早期面貌。在乾嘉考據學派的訓詁方法和王國維「二重證據法」的影響下，于氏《尚書新證》對《尚書》今文28篇的字詞、句義多有新見，其訓釋的價值實不容忽視。然而，近人研究于氏《新證》系列，卻沒有以《尚書新證》作研究對象，因此，本文試以《尚書新證》為研究對象，並探討其價值。論文共分三章。第一章交代《尚書新證》的撰作背景、動機，及其版本、體例。第二章會從《尚書新證》内文及于氏發表的論文，歸納並討論于省吾的《尚書》學觀。第三章為《尚書新證》之内容考述及特色，介紹此書有別於其他《尚書》注釋著作之連類訓釋方法，討論此書運用古文字資料為證及紀錄異文的情況，並分別歸納于氏解釋字義、詞義，以至句義之方法，亦會兼及《尚書新證》的内容特色。最後總結全書，討論《尚書新證》對後世學者的影響，並對此書作出評債。

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WEN, Cuiyan. "Heritagising the everyday : the case of Muyuge." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/20.

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Ever since the commencement of the new millennium, intangible cultural heritage, the cultural concept and campaign promoted by the UNESCO has rapidly spread the world. In China, thousands of traditional cultures and everyday practices have been absorbed into the intangible heritage system over the past decade, which is reshaping people's perception and engagement with everyday life and traditions. Intangible cultural heritage as an 'imported' concept has been highly localised and resituated in contemporary China. I seek to examine how intangible heritage as a prevalent cultural phenomenon incorporates everyday practices into regional and national narratives in China in light of the marketization of traditional culture and the political and cultural agenda of 'the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation'. Furthermore, I attempt to historicise the concept of heritage in China's history of modernisation especially since around the establishment of the PRC in 1949. Through the historicised approach, I aim to demystify the imaginary of heritage and interrogate how cultural heritage turns from something to be reformed in the revolutionary era to something to be 'protected' and 'preserved' in the consumer society. Under such scope, l examine in detail the changes of mwywge (木鱼歌),a former popular everyday practice in the Pearl River Delta area, as it successively becomes an intangible heritage ofthe provincial and national levels. Despite its prevalence, muyuge was peripheral, marginalised in the both the cultural and geographical senses. I contextualise muyuge in the economic restructuring of the Pearl River Delta area and analyse the process of an everyday practice being reconstructed as an intangible heritage. Based on fieldwork interviews, policy analysis and media analysis, I particularly examine the reconstruction of muyuge's performing practices, the reshaping of muyuge practitioners and its connection with the restructuring of an industrial town. I argue that intangible heritage is gradually replacing previous values and understanding of folk culture with ideas of capital, market and nationalistic identities, and that the autonomy of everyday life has been dissolved and re-incorporated into the dominant discourse.

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CHOI, Siu Tsun. "Japan’s overseas Chinese policies in Southern Vietnam during World War II." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/23.

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“Overseas Chinese is the mother of the Chinese revolution.” This quotation reflects the conventional perception that overseas Chinese is the chief enemy of Japan. However, this is in contrast with Vietnam’s overseas Chinese view; Japan considered them as a potential and crucial ally in Japan's Expansion in Southeast Asia. Chinese’s economic dominance in Vietnam, especially its monopoly in the rice industry and its traditional commercial network, provided them with an incredible political influence and bargaining power. This thesis aimed to rediscover the historical truth of overseas Chinese in Southern Vietnam during wartime by studying the transitions and policies made by Japan on overseas Chinese on French Indochina. It is commonly viewed that overseas Chinese are nationalist and have strong emotional attachment towards the motherland, China. However, there seem to have decline on their nationalism and their main concern was on bloodline, local community, survival and economic interest. The loss of Canton clique from the power struggle with Kuomintang strengthened the regional identity of Cantonese. It also created hostility towards the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. The transition of attitude and selection to cooperate with Japan in the wartime was deemed a significant topic of Chinese politics and geopolitics in Southeast Asia in the 1930s. The overseas Chinese work of Nanking Nationalist government was successful in French Indochina. However, that was the only successful case of overseas Chinese work in Southeast Asia. The establishment and implementation of Japan’s policies on overseas Chinese in French Indochina differ from overseas Chinese in other occupied regions in Southeast Asia. This unique treatment reflected how Japan viewed the importance of overseas Chinese in French Indochina for its Pacific War’s scheme. Rice resource and geographical significance of French Indochina forced Japan to put special consideration and measures on French Indochina. Overseas Chinese's economic dominance in French Indochina, especially the rice industry made them primary target for Japan to win. To recover the historical truth hidden behind the ‘myth’ and propaganda of overseas Chinese, this research utilized the historical sources from different sides of interest, including army report, newspaper, books, and articles on time. Japan government’s official records dating back from the 1920s to the 40s could shed light to the perception and reality of Japan’s policies on overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and French Indochina. With the opening of the confidential documents of the Japanese Military, it is possible to reshape the historical role of overseas Chinese in Vietnam and eliminate the perceptions created by different political parties. To date, overseas Chinese is still influential in Vietnam and its neighboring countries.

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CASE, Simon John. "Empire, reform, and internationalism : Britain and the changing politics of opium, 1875-1931." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/24.

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Throughout the nineteenth century, opium occupied a position of great significance within the British Empire, comprising by the 1870s as much as 17% of the total revenues of the British India Government. Opium also made up the greater part of British exports to China, a legacy of early-century market exploitation and highly favourable commercial treaties signed following two opium wars fought by the two countries. Between the emergence of an organised anti-opium movement in 1875 and the close of the final international Geneva Opium Conference of 1931, British opium policy experienced a complete transformation. The development of British responses to the issue of opium offers a case study in the cultural history of international relations, while also offering insights into developments in the political scene in Britain. A critical issue at the heart of the transition from elite to mass politics in Britain at the crux of the emergence of a new socio-political landscape after the passage of the 1867 Reform Act, the increasing importance of public opinion and popular politics, the course of debate over opium characterised shifts in the British domestic political scene, highlighting the defining transitions in political action and social activism of the period. Opium was also a central focal point in the transformation of the global geopolitical environment at the turn of the twentieth century, with the emergence of hostile rival powers seeking to challenge British commercial and geopolitical pre-eminence, particularly in the form of the United States and Japan in Asia, with a radically different and reforming American approach to imperial policy in the region. This thesis examines these transitions, exploring the different phases of opium policy, and identifying the driving forces, causational factors, and continuities that defined these processes of reform, comprising a re-reading of the history of opium reform as a critical juncture within the cultural sphere of international relations.

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XIE, Dongyu. "Guo Xiang’s commentary of the Zhuangzi’s imputed words and its implication on explaining metaphor." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/25.

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This thesis discusses how Guo Xiang’s Commentary (hereinafter referred to as “the Commentary”) shapes our understanding of the Zhuangzi in regard to the usage of imputed words (yuyan 寓言). In order to discuss it, two issues have to be examined first: imputed words in the Zhuangzi, and comparison of the Commentary’s and the Zhuangzi’s usages of imputed words. As for the first issue, I argue in Chapter 1 that imputed words, echoing the Zhuangzi’s indeterminacy, can be regarded as metaphors. The rhetoric and persuasive purposes of imputed words help these words serve as purveyors to allow readers to perceive implicit meanings and understand unfamiliar concepts that are usually difficult to be articulated with direct language. However, there is always a gap between readers’ perception and author’s intended meaning, and I use Gricean account to examine imputed words to prove it. As for the second issue, I argue in Chapter 2 that Guo Xiang uses less imputed words in the Commentary, and he introduces new concepts to articulate the original texts. I hold that Guo’s interpretation may guide readers to understand the Zhuangzi relatively straightforwardly, but Guo also promotes his own philosophical views in the Commentary, and the new concepts he introduces are not necessarily mirroring Zhuangzi’s original implicit meaning, which is not acceptable. The final chapter discusses the reason why Guo uses this interpretive approach and how the Commentary influences people’s understanding of the Zhuangzi. In this chapter, I examine the Commentary in the scope of intellectual history of Han Dynasty and Wei-Jin Dynasty, and relate it to contemporary scholars’ views as well. To conclude, I hold that Guo’s approach is unacceptable, not only because it deviates from Zhuangzi’s intended meaning, but also because it fails to “balance the ‘teaching of names’ and the ‘self-so’”.

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ATKINSON, Christopher John. "On belief : aims, norms, and functions." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/26.

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In this thesis, I explore answers to three central questions: (i) what are beliefs, (ii) why do we have them, and (iii) how should we interpret doxastic correctness, the principle that it is correct to believe that p if and only if p? The first question has a long history in philosophy of mind, and in various forms can be dated at least as far back as David Hume. For that reason, I refer to the problem as Hume’s Problem. As I interpret the question, the main difficulty with accounting for what beliefs are, is in distinguishing them from forms of acceptance, where acceptances are understood as regarding-as-true attitudes—these include assuming, supposing, guessing, and (propositional) imagining. I take this technical use of ‘acceptance’ from Velleman (2000). The second question I interpret as a biological question about why we, as organisms with beliefs, have beliefs. Answering this question depends on how we answer the first question, in the sense that, in explaining why we have beliefs, we are explaining why we have an attitude that meets the conditions that we set for beliefs to meet. And the third question is largely about the important relation between belief and truth; why is it that, as believers, we emphasise the apparent platitude that a belief is correct if and only if it is true? To address these questions, I consider three different theoretical approaches to understanding beliefs. Specifically, I discuss teleological theories, normative theories, and a functional theory. For various reasons, I argue that teleological accounts fail to provide satisfactory answers to the three central questions (Part I); that normative accounts also fail to answer our central questions (Part II); but that a functional account, appropriately understood, can provide answers to these questions (Part III). In particular, I argue for what I call the doxastic effects thesis, which defines belief according to the effects beliefs have (or their outputs); and I propose that we interpret the components of this thesis as functional statements. The doxastic effects thesis allows us to answer Hume’s Problem, by proposing necessary and sufficient conditions for beliefs to meet; and interpreting these conditions as functions allows us to explain, at least in part, why we have beliefs. Concerning doxastic correctness, I argue that our commitment to the principle has arisen as a social construct, and therefore should be given (what I call) a thin reading; as opposed to the substantive reading that we get on the teleological and normative accounts, such that doxastic correctness states an essential fact about belief. Finally, in Part IV, I extend the first question, what beliefs are, to a third doxastic attitude. Namely, suspended belief (suspension). I argue that one further advantage of my functional theory of belief is that it can account for suspension as a doxastic attitude, unlike the teleological and normative alternatives.

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HUNG, Jenny. "What are we? The ontology of subjects of experience." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/27.

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What am I? There are a number of possible answers: I am a person, a mind, a human animal, a soul, part of a human being (e.g., a brain), I do not exist, and even more. Philosophers have been asking this for thousands of years and were not satisfied. In the contemporary analytic tradition, philosophers are attracted to a naturalistic, scientific ontology hence a materialistic personal ontology that matches the huge success in scientific discoveries. They think that we are material objects. However, their views do not match our intuition about some cases regarding our survival. Also, the possibility of an afterlife is eliminated. In my thesis, I explain the shortcomings of current philosophical theories, and develop a better account. I propose the Conscious Subject View, according to which (1) I am a subject of experience, a mental entity whose essential property is to be conscious, and (2) Subjects have haecceities, a property that makes an object a different object from other objects even if they are qualitatively identical with it. I provide two arguments for the claim that we are essentially subjects. The first is the Essentiality Argument. I first define an egoistic concern as one such that necessarily, my concern about X can be egoistic if and only if I exist and persist as X. Furthermore, I argue that necessarily, I can be egoistically concerned with an entity E if and only if E is numerically identical with my subject of experience. I then conclude that we are essentially subjects of experience. My second argument, which I call the Argument of Persistence, is that we have the intuition that we persist only when there is the gradual replacement of the brain. I argue that the best candidate to explain this intuition is that we persist as subjects of experience. I further offer a conceivability argument for the claim that haecceity of the subject determines its persistence. I defend a mentally-oriented proposal regarding our nature by examining the essential properties of our existence. It solves most of the problems with the materialistic personal ontology and shows the theoretical advantages of a long-neglected approach.

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YEUNG, Hau Yi. "Do auditors communicate financial misstatement risk in audit report? Evidence from subsequent accounting restatements in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/31.

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Regulators worldwide are considering expanding current audit reporting model to include key audit matters (KAM). Proponents argue that current audit reports are standardized and uninformative to financial statement users. Auditors in current reporting regime can choose to add explanatory notes in audit reports, however, few current studies have investigated the information content of these explanatory notes. This thesis conducts a textual analysis of explanatory notes in auditor reports and examines the predictability of auditors’ explanatory notes consisting of both unqualified and qualified opinions in determining the incidence of subsequent restatements. I hand collect material accounting restatements disclosed by the public companies in China from 2003 to 2017 and obtain modified audit reports from the CSMAR database during the period between 2003 and 2015. Based on a sample of 22,850 firm-years from 2003 to 2015 in China, I find that modified audit opinions, in general, can communicate financial misstatement risks, and the probability of such risks increases when the type of audit opinion is more severe. I also find that compared with unmodified audit opinion, modified ones containing explanatory notes have a higher possibility of subsequently being restated. Further, the predictive power is not the same across different types of explanatory notes. I have shown that explanatory notes including notes emphasizing contingencies and uncertainties and those relating to audit scope limitations have greater predictive power in explaining subsequent accounting restatements. My findings are robust with a set of additional tests. The findings of this thesis indicate that auditors do communicate financial misstatement risks in modified audit opinions (MAOs). Moreover, the findings are consistent with and provide evidence to support policy changes in developing new enhanced auditor reports introduced by the standard setters in China.

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LI, Xuan. "The political cycle in China's primary land market." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/36.

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Using an exhaustive monthly panel data set of 331 cities between 2004 and 2015, we empirically study the political cycle in primary land markets in Chinese cities, where the local government is the sole supplier and seller of the land and holds stress-free elections. We find that the land supply pattern is far from smooth: A city party secretary who is the leading official figure in that city would supply less land during the latter period of his/her office, especially after the first five-year term. Land supply, measured by the number of plots, land area and land revenue, refers to all land transacted by local government during a certain period, mainly through allocation or granting. The main finding is robust to a wide battery of robustness checks. After considering several potential mechanisms driving this political cycle, we conclude that it can be explained by lower incentives for city party secretaries to supply. In particular, this decreasing supply pattern cannot be explained by the tighter constraint on land supply or the decrease from demand side given higher political uncertainty. Moreover, the evidence has been strongly supportive of this view: The lower incentives in the latter years might be caused by the pressure and need for city party secretaries who were promoted from that city to channel some favors back to local interest groups after they come to power, which challenges the stereotype that an official only needs to please superiors in the absence of competitive elections. We further find that there exists a cost for city party secretaries to supply land. For land that can be supplied with low cost, city party secretaries will not decrease the supply owing to positive net benefit. Using proof by contradiction, we assess the efficiency and reject the information channel through which the favoritism in land supply will increase social welfare, because city party secretaries possess better information. Surprisingly, our data shows that mayors do not play a significant role in land supply decisions, which is opposite to the conventional wisdom given their administrative roles.

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MAN, Hok Yin. "A re-examination of the governors autonomy : three selected case studies during the Sino-British talks over Hong Kong's future, from 1982 to 1985." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/38.

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In the British colonial system, the governor of a colony is often believed to be “the man on the spot with last word”，enjoying tremendous autonomy and discretion from the metropole (London) in managing colonial affairs. Nevertheless, while there is little doubt that the social and public policies, or so-called “domestic policies and affairs”, were generally part of the Colonial Governor domain to manage, the level of autonomy that he was able to exert on those policies, other than the conventional concept of “domestic policies and affairs”，remains a debatable topic. This thesis, therefore, attempts to shed new light on how much autonomy colonial governors in fact enjoyed in the colonial system, using Sir Edward Youde, Governor of Hong Kong (1982-1986), as a case study. By reviewing the three major selected policies concerning the British government and the Hong Kong government during the Sino- British negotiation in the early 1980s, namely, the British negotiation policy from 1982 to 1984 , the introduction of Hong Kong’s further representative government reform in 1984, and the introduction of the “new style” Legislative Council in 1985, this thesis re-examines how much actual “autonomy” the Governor of Hong Kong could enjoy from London, the metropole of Hong Kong, on those policies that were sensitive and could potentially lead to London5s enormous reaction in the 1980s. Through dividing the policy process into different policy tasks, findings suggest that, the degree of autonomy that the Governor was able to enjoy was considerably constrained and diminished by London in several aspects. Based on the assessment scheme developed by the author, the Governor’s autonomy had been generally limited to the task of formulating the policy agenda, policy, and implementation over the three selected policy cases. Occasionally, he was given the autonomy to act independently and to decide whether a policy should be adopted. His level of autonomy and the policy-making competence were in essence characterized by the principal-agent framework, and highly dependent on the principal’s willingness to delegate. The three selected case studies show that political salience of each of the policy might be one of the important boundaries limiting the Governor’s autonomy. Policy of higher salience to London might lead to less room for Governor to maneuver, and vice versa.

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KRYGIER, Kamila Anna. "Relative deprivation, justice perceptions and forgiveness of victims in Poland and Uganda." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/43.

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This study examines the question of how persisting economic and social inequalities between perpetrators and victims affect victims’ perceptions of justice and forgiveness in cross-cultural settings by applying the theory of relative deprivation. The hypothesis of this study is that inequalities trigger relative deprivation in victims, which in turn has a direct negative effect on forgiveness as well as an indirect effect via justice perceptions. Relative deprivation is defined as a consequence of a disadvantageous comparison with an outgroup. It includes the cognitive elements of comparing and perceiving the own outcome as less than deserved, as well as the affective components of anger and resentment. The comparison conditions applied in this study are economic status and social acknowledgement. In order to test the direct effect of relative deprivation on forgiveness, as well as the indirect effect via justice perceptions, vignette experiments were employed. The same causal relationships were tested with a survey to complement the experiment with a real-life setting. The studies were conducted in two culturally and historically diverse post-conflict settings, namely Poland and northern Uganda. To achieve a fuller picture of the similarities and differences between those settings this study made use of qualitative methods, such as open-ended questions and interviews. The regression analysis revealed consistent negative effects of relative deprivation on justice perceptions. The direct negative effects of relative deprivation on forgiveness are mostly significant but vary across both countries with regard to its different dimensions. As expected, a perception of justice contributes to forgiveness. Contrary to the theoretical predictions, victims experience varying degrees of relative deprivation in all experimental conditions except the one, where they are better off than the perpetrator. The qualitative findings revealed that an improvement of economic conditions is of utmost importance for the justice perceptions of most victims in both countries, as are apologies and remorse for forgiveness.

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MA, Yin. "A ‘good job’ conceptualization in China : a comparative study of Shenzhen and Lanzhou." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/44.

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The Chinese higher education system has expanded in a massive way since 1999, with the college enrolment rate jumping from 9.76% in 1998 to 40% in 2015, transforming the higher education system from an elite system to a massive one. Producing large numbers of graduates in a short time results in numerous unemployed graduates each year, but the reasons for graduate unemployment are still debatable. The dissertation begins with the clarification of one indigenous concept that my research respondents often refer to when I was doing my fieldwork in Lanzhou and Shenzhen, “good job”. The main research question is how to get a good job? The more specific research questions are: 1) How do graduates in these two cities construct the idea of good job? 2) What are the factors that impact their good job construction? 3) How do graduates seek their good jobs? Based on 34 in-depth interviews in Lanzhou and Shenzhen, the study finds that graduates in these two cities have very different job preferences. Graduates seeking jobs in Lanzhou often equate the public-sector jobs as good jobs and their Shenzhen counterpart opens the door equally to public and non-public sectors, as long as their employability could be enhanced. It shows that the construction of good job reflects the differences in the two cities, economic structure and employment opportunities. Moreover, the family’s cultural capital as well as high quality internship opportunities based on the economic development in these two areas also influence their good job construction. As for the approaches that graduates use to seek their ideal jobs, graduates in Lanzhou usually turn to strong ties to get their preferred jobs. Their Shenzhen counterparts, however, usually utilize weak ties to get their ideal jobs. Regarding the impact of human capital, this also plays a very different role in these two cities. Human capital is a basic requirement for graduates in Lanzhou to seek public sector jobs and the quality of it, measured in terms of which type of university, does not matter that much. But in Shenzhen, it plays a decisive role. In other words, human capital matters most for graduates seeking jobs in Shenzhen.

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CHAN, Wai Yee. "香港小說中的空間." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2006. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/10.

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從來小說中的環境描述，都是小說創作中一項具體而重要的細節與象徵。小說作者往往藉由對場所/環境的選取與陳述，建構舖陳出小說中的情調與氛圍，其中蘊涵著作者個人對現實的感懷與情緒的投射。在不同的年代裏，都有作者以香港為小說的場景，他們透過不同的主題與角色，或頹靡，或抒情，或狂亂，或純真，或虛或實；所帶出的香港故事，與時俱變。如果都會的變貌是香港這座城市的本命，那麼它是如何影響及反映在以香港作為場景的小說之中？而這些以香港為場景的小說，又如何呈現了香港的氛圍與面貌？本論文嘗試以小說的「空間」及「場景」──也就是香港──為探索主題，從文本中歸納勾勒出「文學中的香港」的面貌，並對照不同作者的共通描述。論文共分六章。第一章為導論，主要介紹論文的研究範圍、方法及目的。第二章討論香港小說中的豪宅、半山洋房與大酒店；這些「空間」呈現了上流社會和中產階級，主要來自「外來作家」的描述。第二章討論香港小說中的木屋區、板間房和床位；四、五十年代從國內南來的作家，他們的小說總離不開他們對現實生活的憤慨與生存的苦苦掙扎，木屋區、板間房與床位就成為他們描寫現實生活的重要場景。第三章討論香港小說中的大廈；居住環境的擠迫，已經成為香港社會裏無法逃避的一種現實狀態，這樣的題旨都曾經出現在劉以鬯、也斯和西西的小說裏，不過他們態度迴異，構成了不一樣的城市氛圍。第五章討論香港小說中正在消失的城市；九十年代的小說作者有意無意地，把小說中城市的面貌意象化，現實從具體變得抽象，而其中的焦慮不安與不捨卻因而顯得更加真實。第六章為總結及檢討。

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CHEN, Zhide. "論香港新詩 1925-1949." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2004. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/11.

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本論文研究一九二五至一九四九年間的香港新詩，即從目前所見最早的香港新詩資料開始，直至一九四九年為止。研究從翻查和整理大量早期報刊、文學雜誌等第一手資料開始，配合同時期中國新詩的發展，探討二○年代即香港新詩的創始階段，至一九四九年的發展特色，思考香港新詩在中國現代文學史上的意義，並展開相關討論。論文第一章先概述香港與內地新詩的連繫，再釐定本論文的研究範圍和香港新詩的定義，其中有關香港新詩的定義是參考上海現代文學史研究學者區分上海作家和上海文學為兩個不同概念的做法，把「香港詩人」和「香港新詩」分屬不同範疇，並特別以「香港新詩」為討論重點。除了地域層面上的意義，本論文亦嘗試析論香港新詩相對於中國新詩的精神面貌和詩學取向。第二至第九章基本上以時間發展為序，探討香港新詩不同時期的發展特色，包括二○年代引介五四新詩及不同的詩形式，三○年代的都市詩、對上海《現代》雜誌和現代派詩歌的學習和批評、寫實主義詩論的探討及創作，抗戰時期的論爭及不同取向、戰後的左翼詩歌等等，關注點除了特定時期的重要或主流風尚，也仔細閱讀難以歸類的詩作，思考時代風尚與主流以外不同風格之間的關係。早期香港新詩的發展除了本身特色，亦與大範圍內整個中國新詩的發展歷程密切相關，研究和討論早期香港新詩，除了「本土」的意義，也可以補充「中國現代文學史」論述的不足。相比一九五○年代以後的時期，早期香港新詩歷史的特色、亦即它複雜的地方，正在於它與中國新詩的關係。一九五○年後，新詩在中國內地、台灣和香港各自發展，各有不同的面貌和取向，相對於三四○年代中國新詩和當代中國和台灣新詩的研究，有關早期香港新詩的研究不算多，本論文嘗試全面地回顧一個階段的香港新詩，提出討論的方向，期望有助進一步的研究。

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AU, Laiwing. "論康德的道德主體觀." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2008. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/16.

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康德的主體理論不但為西方的理性主義開出了一個新的領域，在近代中國儒學的研究中更被視為一個重要的樞紐。康德的主體理論除了為日後相關的討論提供了穩固的框架外，他對一些重要概念──諸如理性、道德的必然性等──的反省和釐清，更為當世的相關討論帶來了突破性的發展和影響。當然，其道德主體理論也有不少困難。本文分成四章，基於上述各點展開討論。第一章為前言，旨在闡明康德對其它道德理論的抨擊，以顯康德對道德的看法之獨特處。第二章對康德的道德主體理論作系統性的闡釋。由康德的最高道德原則出發，闡明當中的關鍵概念，例如：道德的無條件性與普遍性，從而帶出主體所具備的實踐理性及自律性。康德於捍衛道德的普遍性及肯定人之主體性方面，成就無容置疑。但另一方面，在其系統中，道德法則只能呈現為命令，亦不允許情感的滲雜。康德的這種主體觀並非沒有困難。本文的第三章則指出康德道德理論對主體的一些前設，並透過比較康德與王陽明的道德理論，揭示康德的道德主體觀並非在所有文化下都為人接受。最後，本章亦希望帶出道德主體觀與道德境界的密切關係，以點出不同道德主體觀的意義。全文最後以第四章作結。

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YE, Zuobin. "A risk-averse newsvendor model with pricing consideration." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2004. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/18.

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A decision maker who is facing a random demand for a perishable product, such as newspapers, decides how many units to order for a single selling period. This single-period inventory problem is often referred to as the \classic newsvendor problem", in which the selling price is ¯xed, the order must be made before the selling period, and the decision maker is risk-neutral. If the decision maker orders too many (overage), the inventory cost will be too high. If the decision maker orders too few (underage), the potential pro¯t will be lost. The optimal order quantity is a balance between the expected costs of overage and underage. This thesis investigates an extension of the classic newsvendor problem. In this extension the demand depends on the selling price, the decision maker may obtain an additional order at a higher price during the selling period, and the decision maker is risk-averse (not risk-neutral). The problem is to ¯nd optimal order quantity and selling price so that the expected utility of the risk-averse decision maker is maximized. This thesis examines the relationship between the order quantity and the sell- ing price for di®erent risk-averse decision makers in this extended newsvendor problem de¯ned above. The result shows that the relationships are consistent for some decision makers but not for others. For example, if the decision maker exhibits a constant absolute risk aversion (CARA), the optimal order quantity will decline when the selling price increases. If the decision maker has constant relative risk aversion (CRRA), the relationship is complex. This thesis ¯nds that if it is just known that the decision maker is risk-averse, the optimal order quantity placed is less than that made by a risk-neutral decision maker. Further more, the risk-averse decision maker's optimal order quantity falls when her/his risk aversion increases. However, the relationship between order quantity and selling price is still indeterminate in this case. This extension of the classic newsvendor problem provides a more realistic dy- namic setting than before, therefore providing an excellent framework for exam- ining how the inventory problem interacting with the marketing issue (selling price) will in°uence decision makers at the ¯rm level. It also provides an inte- grated framework for investigating di®erent variations of newsvendor problems. Thus, this thesis will motivate and encourage more applications of the newsven- dor problem which is a foundation of many supply chain management problems.

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LAW, Ching. "高行健之戲劇 : 理論與實踐." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2006. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/17.

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高行健的戲劇作品與理論，兼備中西文化主題（motifs），東西方劇場的手法，最適合作比較文學的範例。本文全面分析高行健的劇作與理論，從主題與形式兩方面，審度劇作中重複出現追尋自我的主題。其劇作包括《絕對信號》、《車站》、《野人》、《彼岸》、《冥城》、《逃亡》、《山海經傳奇》、《生死界》、《對話與反詰》、《夜遊神》、《周末四重奏》、《八月雪》、《叩問死亡》；五個現代折子戲包括《模仿者》、《躲雨》、《行路難》、《喀巴拉山口》、《獨白》；一個舞劇《聲聲慢變奏》共計十八部戲劇。又整理探究理論文集《對一種戲劇的追求》、《沒有主義》、以及《文學的理由》。作者的主體意識扣緊不同時期的逃亡經驗，經一番外求與內尋的過程，不斷抗衡與否定不同的「他者」。這種抗衡，固然呈現人類本質的狀態，卻缺乏主體的自主性，也展示主題的矛盾。因為無論「他者」怎樣不斷置換為集體、強權、中國、性、慾望等對象，也不能抹殺其先於主體的實存性，反倒確立了主體的依附性。所以他的主體都一貫逃避中心、集體、缺乏實質的內涵，卻又內外交困，無法安頓。這種不斷反詰的精神，又反映在劇作的「間離」的形式上。高行健以敘事、三重角色與儀式（rituals），間離觀眾與角色。雖然他追求戲劇本質，嘗試回復中國儺戲與戲曲的傳統，也緊隨現當代劇作家如布萊希特（Bertolt Brecht）、惹奈（Jean Genet），但是難以調動觀眾的直覺感知經驗，達至娛人的目的。更有甚者，因為敘事手法的視點所限，宣揚個人主義的目的，昭然若揭。他的儀式意在增強戲劇的假定性，不在於回歸中國的佛道傳統，但效果不彰。他的「表演三重論」源於中國戲曲與布萊希特，貢獻止於為表演的監控意識命名，缺乏系統落實的方法，故難以與斯坦尼斯夫斯基（Konstantin Stanislavsky）、以及格羅多夫斯基（Jerzy Grotowski）的表演系統相提並論。本文試以高行健的劇作與理論，與現當代的國際劇作家、以及劇場理論家的成就互相發明，以鑑定其戲劇地位。

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ZHOU, Mingying. "Lived experience and creative praxis : a critical appraisal of Raymond William's fiction." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/21.

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Raymond Williams is known to the academic world as the pioneer and co-founder of the discipline of cultural studies, and his works on culture, society, democracy, hegemony, etc., have been widely read and cited. Yet, somewhat disappointingly, the fiction to which Williams devoted much of his life’s endeavor has been largely neglected and dismissed. Whenever Williams is mentioned, the salient labels attached to him are invariably “cultural critic”, “cultural materialist”, “critical theorist” and so on. This dissertation is not only designed to redress the balance with regard to Williams’s novels, read in parallel to his critical work, but also to interpret them from a new perspective. My aim is to shed fresh light on Williams’s fiction as a nuanced reflection on his socio-cultural concerns. Williams has published seven novels, through which we may discern a rather different and, I argue, more complex Williams from the typical profile of the combative cultural theorist. This thesis intends to analyze the fiction from three dimensions: firstly, the innate and strong Welshness of Williams that is reflected in his depictions of the landscape and the Welsh people; Secondly, the sexuality and gendering in Williams’s fiction, which evidently tilts towards the female soft power, locating the power balance more specifically in the traditionally “weaker” gender; thirdly, tragedy haunts Williams’s protagonists and minor characters, yet, as his theory of modern tragedy reveals, the tragedy of the ordinary person is as tragic and heroic as that of kings and queens. In William’s novels a tragic mood and epic sweep often go hand-in-hand, and it is evident that his theory of modern tragedy informs his own novels as much as it does twentieth century drama. Focusing as it does on Williams’s fiction, the present thesis offers a new perspective on Williams studies. In the process it engages critically with Williams’s idea on Welshness, sexuality, gendering, and tragedy, in particular, topics that have not been studied interdependently in commentaries on Williams’s work to date. In this respect the study represents an original and productive contribution to the field of Raymond Williams study.

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CHAU, Ho Yan. "Cold war strategy, immigration law reform and "assimilationism" : a study of U.S. policies towards Japanese war brides." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/22.

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The Japanese Emperor Hirohito accepted the Potsdam Declaration on 14 August 1945 represented the Japanese government announced the unconditional surrender. Based on the declaration, the process of the Allied occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952 started. The period from 1945 to 1952 was special not only because it was the time of the allied occupation of Japan and also the period of Cold War. Japan as a defeated country in the WWII was occupied and the U.S. government had a special role in Japan. The Supreme Commander for the Allied Power (SCAP) had critical role in Japan in this period and it marked the change of Japan and the U.S. also made important change on the immigration policy. The U.S. occupation allowed the interracial marriage between the G.I.s and the Japanese women. Japanese war bride was the product of the occupation. They witnessed the immigration law reform, the racial problem in the society and the cooperation during the cold war. In this paper, I argue that Japanese war brides as the subject in the reform of the immigration laws. The implementation of different public laws, from only allowing non-Asia war brides to open to all war brides within the deadline show the improvement in the racial limitation requirement. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and 1965 further reduced and eliminated the national origins quotas. Asians can therefore immigrate to the U.S. I also explain the racial ideas in the U.S. society by analyzing the bride schools. The war brides were encouraged to participate in the bride school before leaving Japan. They learned the history of the U.S., the culture and society of the U.S. and other skills as housewives and mothers. They were trained to match with the expectation of the U.S. society. I also analyze “assimilationism” and immigration policies. The “assimilation” of the Japanese war brides in Bride school can represent the ideology of immigration in the situation of the postwar society. The immigration laws before 1965 still contained the national origins ideas, which the Soviet Union used to attack and criticize. However, the U.S. occupation allowed the cooperation with the Japanese government. The “assimilation” of the Japanese war brides provided a special scene in showing the encounter of “assimilationism” and immigration law reform. The Japanese war brides witnessed the change in the immigration laws, “assimilationism” and Cold War policies. The Japanese war brides were the subjects in viewing the reform of the immigration policies. Using them to review the process can provide a different angle to evaluate the Cold War situation.

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GUI, Qingyang. "七月派翻译家研究." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/28.

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中国现代文学流派“七月派”强调文学创作中的“主观战斗精神”和“精神奴役创伤”，因其在文学领域异质凸显，与代表主流文化的文艺思想不尽契合，导致了 1955年中华人民共和国的第一大“文字狱”。自20世纪80年代以来，胡风事件及胡风文艺思想重新进入学术研宄视野，成为史学界和文艺界的研宄热点，但迄今为止国内外关于七月派研宄的现状并不令人满意，正如周燕芬所指出的，“现在的研宄成果中，实在留下不少史料的空白或者因史料的不信、疑虑、矛盾而带来的所谓‘分寸’，所谓‘留有余地’，说到底，依然是研宄的一种不清楚和未完成状态”（周燕芬，2013:6)。而就七月派翻译家研宄而言，也存在诸多研宄缺口。本论文论题有三：1、七月派作为“新文学的骄傲”，其领袖人物胡风的文艺理论特质何在？影响了怎样一个文学流派及翻译家群体？2、七月派翻译家以“启蒙现实主义”为译介出发点，形成了怎样的译介主张？3、从翻译政治学、描写翻译学理论、生存心态等视角探讨以胡风、满涛、绿原、呂荧等为代表的七月派翻译家具有哪些群体特征？本论文得出以下结论: 七月派翻译群体是我国翻译史上不可忽视的群体，他们基于启蒙现实主义思想的译介主张是以为时代和战斗而翻译，为文学经典生成而翻译，为民族文学发展而翻译为主要特征的。而胡风“为时代、为战斗而翻译”的“武器”翻译论，满涛“传达精义”的翻译观，绿原“整体效果”、翻译“异同”性、名著重译 “接力赛”等译论，呂荧“谐意谐音”的诗歌翻译理念等等，既是对七月派翻译主张的体现和深化，又是各自翻译实践的重要指导思想。本研宄原创性在于: 在追根溯源七月派的源流、定义及其影响的基础上，从活生生的研宄对象及历史语境出发，对胡风文艺理论影响七月派翻译主张形成的过程以及七月派翻译家的文化生态作出相对可靠的历史复原，让读者对该时期的翻译历史全貌具有更清晰的了解，这在近现代翻译史研宄上不啻为一个重要发现。

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SONG, Ge. "Re-conceptualizing foreignness : the English translation of Chinese calligraphic culture." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/29.

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Foreignness is one primary concern of Translation Studies. Chinese calligraphy, with its unique aesthetic pursuits and cultural underpinnings, presents an unusual case of foreign otherness in relation to the English language. Thus, theories derived from the translation of Chinese calligraphic culture into English can contribute to our existing knowledge of the nature of translation. Despite sporadic endeavors, translation issues related to Chinese calligraphy remain largely under-researched. This thesis constructs a theoretical framework that offers new perspectives on translating foreignness by exploring how the culture of Chinese calligraphy, concretized in the discourses of classical treatises, has been translated into English since the early 20th century. The study of English discourses on Chinese calligraphy, which include linguistic translation, cultural translation, cultural domestication, and statements of facts, reveals a special translational mode that features an interactive and flexible re-contextualization of Chinese calligraphic culture. This study finds that while the traditional practice of translation does not guarantee cross-cultural comprehensibility, the English texts have accommodated the culture of Chinese calligraphy by reconstructing its basics and resorting to visual means of representation. This thesis divides textual manifestations of Chinese calligraphic culture into three parts –– terms, descriptions and metaphors. For terms, I hold that the study of their translations from etymological perspectives implies the possibility of an endless debate on what constitutes a good translation. My study demonstrates that the repeated use of some widely accepted translations is harmless to cultural genuineness and cross-cultural understanding. For descriptive expressions, translation effects diverge from bringing out literal meanings to revealing cultural meanings. Besides, cultural dilution of varying degrees is found in translation. Calligraphic metaphors, which exemplify traditional Chinese worldviews and correlative thinking patterns, are largely unfamiliar to English-speaking readers. My study reveals a re-contextualizing endeavor that revitalizes these metaphors in the Anglo-American context. On the basis of the case study of the English texts on Chinese calligraphy, this thesis proposes a new theoretical framework for re-conceptualizing foreignness. The three components of this framework are bicultural competency, intercultural competency, and cross-cultural attitudes, all gravitating towards the goal of understanding foreignness. In addition, I introduce three levels of foreign knowledge that cover one’s perception of foreignness at different stages of understanding and with different depths. I also propose to expand the meaning of intercultural integration that is a key manifestation of intercultural competency. One salient part of this framework is that I place anthropological and traditional Chinese zhihui approaches under the structure of cross- cultural attitudes. Such a theoretical advancement empowers the explanative mechanism of the framework. Finally, I argue that the representation of foreignness as it is can be accomplished by strategic re-contextualization, and thus meanings lost in one place can be regained somewhere else.

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SONG, Zijiang. "美國詩歌的中文編譯, 1934-1961." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/30.

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本項研究旨在勾畫從1934年至1961年間美國詩歌的中文編譯。本項研究計劃的研究對象是這段時期在中國和香港出版的四個美國詩歌中譯選本：施蟄存編譯的「現代美國文學專號•現代美國詩抄」(1934)；袁水拍編譯的《現代美國詩選》(1949)以及《新的歌一一現代美國詩選》(1953)；馬朗編譯的「英美現代詩特輯•美國部份」(1956)；宋淇編譯的《美國詩選》(1961)。施、袁、馬、宋等四位詩人既編且譯，由於身處不同的地緣和文化政治語境，對中文新詩的體認各不相同，意識形態各異，同時四個案例在文本、語境、贊助人、詩學、意識形態等層面各有不同卻有所關聯，因此本文運用安德雷•勒菲弗爾(André Lefevere)的改寫理論，並適當加以補充，分析四個改寫文本各自在編纂和翻譯上的改寫體現的詩學和意識形態，並且描述四個改寫文本投射出不同的美國詩歌的形象，又同時折射出改寫者各自理想的現代中文詩歌的形象。現存相關的英美文學中譯史研究，由於過於側重資料整理及對政治語境的描述，而對相關譯者和譯本的沒有進行足夠的研讀與探究，也沒有分析美國詩歌中譯的選本，鮮有细讀譯本，更無顧及1949年後在香港發生的翻譯現象。本項研究填補這方面的研究空白，考察四個改寫文本產生的語境和過程，分析四位改寫者的詩學和意識形態，通過比較分析他們的編纂策略和翻譯實踐，勾畫四個改寫文本互相之間的關聯，提供跨越1949、涵蓋中港兩地的美國詩歌中文編譯。

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VICHETH, Pisey. "The impact of South-South FDI : knowledge spillovers from Chinese FDI to local firms in the Cambodian light manufacturing industries." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/33.

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The study of the extent to which incoming FDI results in ‘spillovers’ (technology, R&D, management practices and know-how) has so far yielded only mixed results, and research has largely been restricted to north-north and north-south interactions; this study develops a model of knowledge spillovers based on previous literature and extends inquiry into south-south FDI by investigating spillovers from Chinese FDI to the Cambodian garment and light manufacturing industries. Several significant factors including the nature and extent of FDI linkages, local industry absorptive capacity, nature of the network relationship, and local firms’ learning orientation have been found to influence the extent to which knowledge spillovers occur. These variables are integrated within this paper which develops a conceptual model of knowledge spillovers based on the Awareness-Motivation- Capability framework to examine knowledge spillovers derived through both horizontal and vertical linkages. One area of interest examined in the study is the FDI influence on domestic firms’ export performance since light manufacturing represents the most significant portion of Cambodia's total export products. The thesis, addresses two primary questions: (1) when, where and under what conditions are significant knowledge spillovers created? And (2) what are the effects of the spillovers on domestic companies' technological capability and export performance? The research contributes to the previous literature by further developing the theory on the realisation of knowledge spillovers as well as exploring the nature and channels of knowledge spillovers from South-South FDI in labour-intensive industry, an area of study previously unexplored. Our results show that knowledge spillovers occur through both horizontal and vertical linkages and Cambodian firms receive more spillovers from Chinese FDI than they do from FDI from developed countries.

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ASANTE, Eric Adom. "Dual work roles : the joint effect of hybrid entrepreneurs’ regulatory focus and wage work to entrepreneurial work enrichment on entrepreneurial performance." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/34.

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Hybrid entrepreneurial is phenomenal but remains under-studied in the management literature. This paper investigated the joint influence of hybrid entrepreneurs’ trait regulatory focus and wage work to entrepreneurial work enrichment (WE enrichment) on their entrepreneurial engagement and the subsequent proficient, adaptive, and proactive performance in entrepreneurial work. I first interviewed 16 hybrid entrepreneurs to obtain the understanding of their reasons for being in hybrid entrepreneurship, their regulatory focus tendencies, and the resources they transfer from wage work to entrepreneurial work. To validate the measurement scales of promotion and prevention focus, I conducted a pilot study among 66 hybrid entrepreneurs. Then, I conducted a multi-source questionnaire survey among 329 hybrid entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial partners in Ghana. The final sample included 272 completed and matched responses. I used structural equation modeling of Mplus 7.4 to test the hypothesized model. Results of the questionnaire survey provided strong support to my hypothesized model. Promotion focus and prevention focus had positive and negative relationships with these three types of entrepreneurial performance, respectively. I also found that the opposite relationships of promotion focus and prevention focus with these three types of entrepreneurial performance were mediated by entrepreneurial engagement. Furthermore, hybrid entrepreneurs work across the wage-work and entrepreneurial roles, and I found that WE enrichment played a moderating role. Specifically, WE enrichment strengthened the positive relationship between promotion focus and entrepreneurial engagement as well as the positive indirect relationships between promotion focus and the three types of entrepreneurial performance through entrepreneurial engagement. In contrast, WE enrichment weakened the negative relationship between prevention focus and entrepreneurial engagement as well as the negative indirect relationships between prevention focus and the three types of entrepreneurial performance through entrepreneurial engagement. This research sheds light on how personality traits and dual-work context affect hybrid entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial processes and performance outcomes. Thus, I provide theoretical implications for the literature of hybrid entrepreneurial and dual work roles. Further, this research offers important practical implications for hybrid entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial partners, as well as investors.

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LUO, Huajiang. "Information leakage and sharing in decentralized systems." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/35.

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This thesis presents two essays that explore firms’ incentive to share information in a multi-period decentralized supply chain and between competing firms. In the first essay, we consider a two-period supply chain in which one manufacturer supplies to a retailer. The retailer possesses some private demand information about the uncertain demand and decides whether to share the information with manufacturer. If an information sharing agreement is achieved, the retailer will share the observed demand information truthfully to the manufacturer. Then the selling season with two periods starts. In each period, the manufacturer decides on a wholesale price, which the retailer considers when deciding on the retail price. The manufacturer can observe the retailer's period-1 decision and the realized period-1 demand, and use this information when making the period-2 wholesale price decision. Thus, without information sharing, the two firms play a two-period signaling game. We find that voluntary information sharing is not possible because it benefits the manufacturer but hurts the retailer. However, different from one-period model, in which no information sharing can be achieved even with side payment, the manufacturer can make a side payment to the retailer to induce information sharing when the demand range is small. Both firms benefit from more accurate information regardless whether the retailer shares information. We also extend the two-period model to three-period model and infinite-period model, we find that the above results are robust. The second essay studies the incentives for information sharing between two competing firms with different production timing strategies. Each firm is planning to produce a new (upgraded) product. One firm adopts routine timing, whereby her production time is fixed according to her tradition of similar or previous models of the product. The other firm uses strategic timing, whereby his production time can be strategically chosen: be it before, simultaneously with, and after the routine firm. The two firms simultaneously choose whether or not to disclose their private demand information, make their quantity decisions based on any demand information available, and then compete in the market. We find that when the demand uncertainty is not high, both firms sharing information is the unique equilibrium outcome. Exactly one firm (the routine firm) sharing information can arise in equilibrium when the demand uncertainty is intermediate. These results are in stark contrast to extant literature which has shown that, for Cournot competitors with substitutable goods, no firm is willing to share demand information. Production timing is thus identified as a key driving force for horizontal information sharing, which might have been overlooked before. Surprisingly, when the competition becomes more intense, firms are more willing to share information. It is the information asymmetry that fundamentally change the strategic firm’s timing. We highlight the impact of signaling demand information for an early-production firm on the timing strategies, under different information sharing arrangements.

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WANG, Yanchen. "Essays on market competition and law enforcement." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/37.

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My Ph.D. dissertation contains both theoretical and empirical studies on market competition and law enforcement. The first study, entitled “Piracy, Counterfeiting, and Market Competition”, is a theoretical study and investigates the economic consequences of intellectual property law enforcement by looking at two types of intellectual property infringement, piracy and counterfeiting. To investigate how the market power changes in the presence of piracy, we start with a static model made up of two horizontally and vertically differentiated goods, genuine product and pirated product. The representative consumer's utility is a function of the consumption of the two goods. The consumer can choose to buy one out of the two differentiated goods but faces a potential legal cost if he purchases the pirated product. The legal cost is exogenous and decided by the policy maker. We show that, as the level of law enforcement enhances, the substitutability between genuine product and pirated product decreases, and the market power of the genuine product producer increases. This makes the two products less likely to belong to the same antitrust relevant market, confirming the conjecture raised by Lin (2018). Next, we explore how anti-counterfeiting efforts under the intellectual property law affect market competition, by setting up a two-stage game made up of four firms: two branded firms and two counterfeiters. In the first stage, each branded firm can take anti-counterfeiting effort independently and simultaneously, which only affects its corresponding counterfeiter. In the second stage, four firms compete in the Cournot’s framework. We show that two branded firms’ decision variables are strategic substitutes, and the negative externality exists for branded firm to take anti¬-counterfeiting efforts. Due to the negative externalities, we confirm that the private anti-counterfeiting efforts chosen by branded-good producers are higher than the industrial optimum. The second study, entitled ^The Volcker Rule, Bank Stability and Bank Liquidity^, is an empirical study and focuses on the latest bank regulation, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Specifically, we focus on section 619of Dodd-Frank Act, which is commonly known as “Volcker Rule” and imposes restrictions on banks’ ability to engage in proprietary trading activities. Using the passage of the Volcker Rule as an exogenous shock, we employ the difference-in¬differences analysis to investigate the effect of Volcker Rule on bank risk and liquidity creation. We find a significant reduction on proprietary trading among regulated bank holding companies (BHCs). In the meantime, we find that the enforcement of Volcker Rule induces a significant increase in liability-side liquidity creation and a decrease in the off-balance sheet liquidity creation. Our findings shed light on the trade-off of Volker Rule implementation in the United States.

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SHEN, Xinyi. "State capacity and naval buildup : the Sino-Japanese divergence in the late nineteenth century." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/39.

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The East Asian modernization divergence in the late nineteenth century has long puzzled historians and social scientists. As Qing China, given its vast territory, large population and dominating influence spreading to neighboring countries, failed to modernize herself as its small island neighbor Japan did after the forced opening up by the West. One important divergence is their military capability, especially that of navy. The relatively higher capacity of the Imperial Japanese Navy has played a decisive role in its victory over the Beiyang Fleet in the 1894/95 First Sino-Japanese War. Following the defeat, Qing China was burdened with huge indemnity, eventually collapsed and entered long decades of chaos, whereas Meiji Japan continued rapid modernization, further demonstrated its military power in war with Russia, and became the only recognized power in Asia. Explaining the Sino-Japanese divergence in naval buildup is the first step to tackle the entire modernization puzzle. Having challenged two conventional explanations of national security decision-making and economic modernization, this thesis offers a new perspective by arguing that the root of divergence lies in their different resource mobilization capacity. Specifically, I demonstrate that the elastic tax revenue, fiscal centralization and enormous borrowing capacity equipped Meiji Japan as a strong state able to quickly mobilize a vast sum of resource for expensive naval buildup and war. In contrast, in Qing China, the growingly decentralized fiscal system, together with the stagnated tax revenue and limited borrowing capacity, made resource mobilization a prolonged struggle for the central government. Consequently, despite the statesmen’s repetitive emphasis of naval security and buildup, the Chinese state’s weak resource mobilization capacity has significantly hindered its pursuit of naval power and gradually widened the gap with the stronger Japanese state.

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TSE, Man Kei. "Evaluation of an anaesthesia automated record keeping system : a human factors approach." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/40.

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Anaesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) is an automated record keeping system that imports and stores patient’s vital signs information from a physiological monitor in real-time. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effect of automated record keeping system on anaesthetists’ cognitive performance. Therefore, the current thesis aims to evaluate AIMS in terms of anaesthetists’ attitude (Study 1) and its effect on their cognitive performance (Study 2). Study 1, a questionnaire study examined anaesthetists’ trust and acceptance of AIMS. Forty-two anaesthetists at Tuen Mun Hospital (TMH) and Po Oi hospitals (POH) have completed a self-reported questionnaire. Results found that anaesthetists generally adopted a positive attitude toward AIMS. They exhibited a high level of trust and acceptance of AIMS. Also, they perceived AIMS as highly useful and relevant to their job. Study 2, a simulation study compared AIMS with manual record keeping on anaesthetists’ vigilance, situation awareness (SA) and mental workload. 20 anaesthetists at TMH were randomly assigned to two conditions: (1) AIMS and (2) Manual. Each participant received a 45-minute scenario in a full-scale simulation. Participants were asked to take over a case of general anaesthesia and perform record keeping. Results showed that AIMS did not impair anaesthetists’ vigilance and SA. In addition, it reduced anaesthetists’ mental workload and enabled them to spend less time on record keeping task. The current thesis provides an evaluation of AIMS by using a human factors approach. It contributes to the understanding on the effect of AIMS on anaesthetist’ in terms of attitude and cognitive performance. Based on the evaluation, we generate some recommendation for designers and hospitals to address the limitation of AIMS in interface designs and to increase anaesthetists’ acceptance of AIMS.

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GYASI, Razak Mohammed. "Ageing, health and health-seeking behaviour in Ghana." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/41.

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Rapid ageing of populations globally following reductions in fertility and mortality rates has become one of the most significant demographic features in recent decades. As a low- and middle-income country, Ghana has one of the largest and fastest growing older populations in sub-Saharan Africa, where ageing often occurs ahead of socioeconomic development and provision of health and social care services. Older persons in these contexts often face greater health challenges and various life circumstances including role loss, retirement, irregular incomes and widowhood, which can increase their demand for both formal and informal support. This thesis addresses the effects of the socio-political structure, informal social support and micro-level factors on health and health-seeking behaviour among community-dwelling older persons in Ghana. The theoretical perspectives draw on political economy of ageing, social convoy theory and Andersen5s behavioural model. Using multi-stage stratified cluster cross-sectional survey data of older cohorts (N= 1,200) aged 50 years and older, multivariate generalised Poisson and logit regression models estimated the associations among variables and interaction terms. Although Ghana’s national health insurance scheme (NHIS) enrollment was significantly associated with increased log count of healthcare use (β = 0.237), the relationship was largely a function of health status. Moreover, the NHIS was related with improved time from onset of illness to healthcare use (β = 1.347). However, even with NHIS enrollment, the intermediate (OR = 1.468) and richer groups (OR = 2.149) had higher odds of seeking healthcare compared with the poor. In addition, features of meaningful informal social support including contacts with family and friends, social participation and remittances significantly improved psychological wellbeing and health services utilisation. Somewhat counter-intuitively, spousal cohabitation was associated with decreased health services use (OR = 0.999). Whilst self-rated health revealed a strong positive association with functional status of older persons (fair SRH: β = 1.346; poor SRH: β = 2.422), the relationship differed by gender and also was moderated by marital status for women but not men. The employed and urban residents somewhat surprisingly had lower odds of formal healthcare use. The findings support the hypotheses that interactive impacts of aspects of structural and functional social support and removal of catastrophic healthcare costs are particularly important in older persons’ psychological health and health service utilisation. Nevertheless, Ghana’s NHIS currently apparently lacks the capacity to improve equitable attendance at health facility between poor and non-poor. In contributing to the public health and social policy discourse, this study proposes that, whilst policies to ensure improved health status of older people are recommended, multidimensional social support and NHIS policy should be properly resourced and strengthened so they may act as critical tools for improving health and health services utilization of this marginalized and vulnerable older people in Ghana. Moreover, policies targeting and addressing economic empowerment including universal social pensions and welfare payments should be initiated and maintained to complement the NHIS for older people. The achievement of age-relevant policies and Universal Health Coverage (UCH) as advocated by WHO could be enhanced by adopting some of these suggestions.

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ZHANG, Yu. "From outsiders to in-betweens : identity negotiation of Thai female migrants in Hong Kong." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/42.

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As a multicultural cosmopolitan, transnational migration has an inseparable relationship with the socio-economic development of Hong Kong, the phenomenon of transnational marriage between Hong Kong men and Southeast Asian women has become one of the influential factors impacting the family and social structure in this city. This research aimed to investigate the complicated identities of Thai female migrants within this specific socio-demographic group in Hong Kong. This study, guided by identity, gender, and narrative perspectives, examines the subjective experiences of Thai female migrants through their journey of transnational migration to Hong Kong from an intersectionality perspective. Therefore, the central focus of my research question is 1). How do Thai female migrants living in Hong Kong perceive their identity? 2). How does the Hong Kong context shape Thai female migrants’ identity negotiation? Using qualitative research methodology with an ethnographic approach, in-depth interviews with fourteen Thai female migrants from diverse backgrounds and participant observations were conducted at two field sites in Hong Kong. A thematic analysis was then used to analyse the narratives to examine how these migrants negotiate their national, ethnic and gender identities in the new socio-cultural environment. Based on my in-depth interviews and ethnographic work with Thai migrant communities in Hong Kong, this thesis argues on two grounds. First, the stories shared in the interviews resonated common themes that had impacted on participants’ lives and shaped their identity; being a belief in Buddhism which has a close relationship with Thai nation-state building and identity. Buddhism has become a symbol of the Thai people to articulate their identity and become the connection between Thai migrants and Thailand. Respondents used various strategies to maintain Thainess1 and perceive their identity. Second, I argue when Thai female migrants arrived in Hong Kong, their experiences on the autonomy and freedom for women in Hong Kong society empower them to challenge and question the gender inequality and the definition of woman. Under these circumstances, the subtle idea changes set the way for the negotiation of gender role expectations and reinvent their womanhood in Hong Kong. This study enriches understanding of the dynamic nature of identity negotiation and in-between identity. These findings lend an understanding to illustrate the influence of multiculturalism on female migrants’ meaning making and accentuate the importance to pay attention to diversity within a migrant population; in particular, the presence of various groups of migrants at the same point of time, and to maintain a multicultural orientation to understand transnational migration in the current time.

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MANIPON, Aida Jean. "Reading Filipina migrant workers in Hong Kong : tracing a feminist and cultural politics of transformation." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2004. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/4.

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For Filipino migrant workers , the journey overseas in search of contractual employment marks a profound turning point in their lives. It registers the crossing of spatial and cultural borders that leads to the shifting of terrains from which they make sense of their selves and the world of ‘others.’ It signifies a rupture in time that alters their sense of history, giving shape to new vantage points from which they reflect on the past and project an imagination of future. This research explores the question of how Filipina domestic workers in Hong Kong make sense of their experiences as ‘migrant women’, and how they might articulate a consciousness of themselves as gendered subjects in history. The study begins with a documentation of the personal histories of five Filipina women, as told in their own words and as reconstructed into written text, and offers a reading of the narratives, tracing the ways in which they make sense of their experiences as women migrant workers, wives, mothers, daughters, and diasporic citizens of a nation state. Through this process of reading and narrativizing the life histories of Filipina domestic workers, this thesis hopes to contribute to an understanding of how their gendered subjectivities are formed, shaped and changed over time. The life histories, though diverse, give voice to a shared and collective experience – a familiar story of poverty, family crises, diaspora, encounter with cultural difference and subjection to difficult working conditions. Together they are the hidden threads that form the underside of the grand narratives of ‘nation’, development, modernization, and globalization. It is against this backdrop that family crises would push five women -- Mader Irma, Gina, Esther, Miriam, and Rosario -- to enter a particularly difficult type of employment which would render them as part of Hong Kong’s invisible ‘others.’ While their journey was primarily an act of love/duty to the family, the experience of migration would eventually reinvent the meaning of ‘wife’, ‘mother’‘daughter,’ ‘worker’ ‘subaltern intellectual’ and ‘activist.’ To foreground the narratives of life histories, two chapters in the first part of this thesis are devoted to a brief review of the historical contexts in Hong Kong and the Philippines that gave rise to the current migration phenomenon. The chapters also trace the ways by which the ‘Filipina domestic helper’ is positioned and interpellated in discourse, as ‘ban mui’, ‘new heroes’ and ‘spectral presences’ in the nation. Migrant domestic workers straddle two life/worlds, always the inside-outsider/outside-insider, and in this ambiguous in-between space they carve out new identities and struggle to exercise agency. This research contributes to an understanding of the affective/subjective dimensions of migration by presenting ways of ‘narrating’ and ‘reading’ women’s experiences. It also demonstrates the usefulness of intellectual resources offered by feminist and cultural studies in interrogating the conditions of Hong Kong’s ‘social others’ and identifying issues around which an agenda for transformational politics might be explored.

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YANG, Ziyun. "The value-relevance of asset write-down regulations in China : the roles of information relevance and measurement reliability." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2003. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/7.

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At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, China implemented several new asset write-down regulations. This study addresses the claim that these regulations significantly enhanced the usefulness of financial statements for investors in China. The effect of the regulations on usefulness of financial statements has implications for financial accountants, standard-setters, educators, and auditors. This study derives and tests some of the empirical implications of the claim. I operationalize usefulness of accounting information in terms of the valuerelevance framework, in which information usefulness is construed as a tradeoff between relevance and reliability. These two dimensions are the primary criteria underlying the FASB’s Conceptual Framework for choosing alternative accounting rules. Asset write-down, if correctly applied to over-stated assets, should increase the decision relevance to investors; however, measurement errors due to either unintentional mistakes involving professional judgment or intentional misrepresentations involving earnings management may decrease the reliability of reported amounts. While there is substantial value-relevance research, the role of reliability is generally absent. Reliability of regression estimates, also known as measurement error, is often implicitly assumed and not measured. Following nonnested model selection techniques and relative measurement error research, I explicitly measure the relative reliability of asset write-down accounting in various valuation models. Therefore, this study contributes to value-relevance research. First, I examine the incremental value relevance of asset write-down estimates through their associations with market values: the ability of asset write-down provisions to explain market value of equity; the ability of asset write-down gains and losses to explain annual market-adjusted return; and the ability of both the above provisions and earnings to explain market value of equity. All the models provide evidence for value relevance of asset write-down estimates, indicating an acceptable level of information usefulness with mixed effects of relevance and reliability. I apply my tests to a balanced panel sample of exchange-listed firms in China over the period 1998-2001. The sample is limited to A shares—the shares subject to the new rules. Next, the above three valuation models are applied again in a reliability analysis. Model appropriateness tests, i.e. non-nested model tests, are used to answer the question: did asset write-down practices improve reliability in the valuation models? I find that the asset write-down practices are approximately comparable in reliability to historical cost methods in the balance sheet valuation model but somewhat less reliable in the income statement valuation model. The results are ambiguous when both assets and earnings are included in a third valuation model. My relative measurement error tests yield similar results. I conclude that the asset write-down regulations in China have not improved the usefulness of financial statements to investors in terms of reliability. Because the asset write-down rules are subject to interpretation and judgment, I consider the motivation for write-downs in the final part of the study. The results support a relation between discretionary motivations and the amount of current or cumulative write down. A sub-sample analysis shows that asset write-down rules improve usefulness of financial information in the absence of discretionary motivations.

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WANG, Ping. "宗法宗族思想觀念與中國私營企業管理." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2002. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/9.

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CHEN, Shuo. "經典製造 : 金庸研究的文化政治." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2003. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/12.

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金庸自一九五五年在新晚報開始連載第一篇武俠小說《書劍恩仇錄》，至一九七○年封筆作《鹿鼎記》，共創作了十五部小說。這十五部小說在華人世界中歷久不衰，更引起不少討論。一九八四年，台灣遠景出版社出版了一系列「金學研究叢書」，「金學」一詞正式出現。最初，討論金庸作品都以短小的筆記型文章為主，集中在閱讀金著的感受、討論書中情節和人物等。一九八○年代末開始，「金學」己成為學術界的熱門研究課題，有大學更主辦「金庸小說學術研討會」，與會者多為享負盛名的學者，最近更出現了所謂「金庸學」(Jinyonology) 一詞。「金學研究集」發行人王榮文認為金庸「極有可能在有生之年看到其作品「經典化」的完成，這真是古今中外作家們少有的幸運」。王德威在《金庸小說國際學術研討會論文集》的序言中亦提到：「本書的出版，無疑為金庸作品經典化發展，再下一城。」這情況在當代華文創作圈中非常罕有，實在是一個值得深思的文化現象。金庸小說能發展到現在成為「經典」，內在原因當然是其小說本身的確是不可多得的好作品。然而，這並不是唯一，甚至不是最重要的原因，外在的文化脈絡因素發揮的作用更大。作為作者，金庸花了很大心力把自己的小說包裝成「經典文學」呈現在讀者面前；另外，經過中國大陸、香港和台灣的學術界和文化界不斷討論，金庸小說終於成為「經典」。然而，由於三地的政治文化環境不同，金庸小說的經典化在中港台所經歷的道路也有很大差異。本論文的研究目的，首先是分析金庸如何為其小說製造出一個「經典」形象，再進一步對金庸小說不同的經典化過程作一疏理，從而探討其間三地在金學研究現象中所包涵的文化政治意義。

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CHEN, Xijing. "舒巷城的小說研究." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2002. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/13.

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香港作家舒巷城（1923-1999）被文學史家稱為香港的「鄉土作家」。「鄉土文學」在中國內地及台灣有不同的定義及發展，香港特殊的地理環境、政治因素，令香港文學的發展吸收、融合多方面的思潮、技巧，形成跟中國內地、台灣的文學同中有異、異中有同的特色。本文主要把舒巷城放在時代背景中，分析香港「鄉土文學」和其他兩地作品特色之異同，同時對舒巷城的作品按時序作一整理，嘗試整理出作家在特定寫作環境下，作品所呈現的特色及作者文學觀的轉變。

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XU, Lan. "文人武俠 : 張徹與胡金銓." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/14.

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武俠電影在中國電影誕生之初便佔有一席之地，二十世紀六十年代，由邵氏電影公司開創的武俠新世紀，給武俠電影注入了新的活力，打開了新的局面。 : 胡金銓追求製作精良、藝術至上的優質電影。而張徹作品中的務實、娛樂大眾、堅韌求生和香港起飛的每一個時代的精神相吻合。後世香港導演繼承他們的優良特質，充滿活力動感的香港電影時至今日方成為對世界影壇的一大特殊貢獻。本文立足 "文人武俠"，分別探討張徹、胡金銓武俠片的個人特色、思想內容、藝術表現手法，特別是中國人文傳統、文學藝術在其作品中的表現，並比較他們之間的異同，以及各自對香港電影發展的貢獻。

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YANG, Nating. "袁枚《隨園女弟子詩選》重要詩人及其作品研究." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/15.

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有清一代，女性作家大量湧現。「隨園女弟子」為清代乾隆（愛新覺羅弘曆，1711－1799；在位時期1736－1795）嘉慶（愛新覺羅顒琰，1760－ 1820；在位時期1796－1820）年間活躍於中國南方一帶的女詩人集團，她們是清代著名學者袁枚（自號隨園）的學生，授業於袁枚。觀其作品可以考察其師承關係。袁枚於嘉慶元年刊行之《隨園女弟子詩選》為其選輯女弟子之詩集，當中透露其選詩的特色。同時，隨園女弟子雖身處閨閣，兼具名士氣質，在其作品中展現出不可小覷的活動力和藝術生命力。研究這課題亦能展示清代乾嘉時期上層女性日常及文學生活的面貌。

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SENG, Kruy. "Cost-sensitive deep neural network ensemble for class imbalance problem." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/32.

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In data mining, classification is a task to build a model which classifies data into a given set of categories. Most classification algorithms assume the class distribution of data to be roughly balanced. In real-life applications such as direct marketing, fraud detection and churn prediction, class imbalance problem usually occurs. Class imbalance problem is referred to the issue that the number of examples belonging to a class is significantly greater than those of the others. When training a standard classifier with class imbalance data, the classifier is usually biased toward majority class. However, minority class is the class of interest and more significant than the majority class. In the literature, existing methods such as data-level, algorithmic-level and cost-sensitive learning have been proposed to address this problem. The experiments discussed in these studies were usually conducted on relatively small data sets or even on artificial data. The performance of the methods on modern real-life data sets, which are more complicated, is unclear. In this research, we study the background and some of the state-of-the-art approaches which handle class imbalance problem. We also propose two costsensitive methods to address class imbalance problem, namely Cost-Sensitive Deep Neural Network (CSDNN) and Cost-Sensitive Deep Neural Network Ensemble (CSDE). CSDNN is a deep neural network based on Stacked Denoising Autoencoders (SDAE). We propose CSDNN by incorporating cost information of majority and minority class into the cost function of SDAE to make it costsensitive. Another proposed method, CSDE, is an ensemble learning version of CSDNN which is proposed to improve the generalization performance on class imbalance problem. In the first step, a deep neural network based on SDAE is created for layer-wise feature extraction. Next, we perform Bagging’s resampling procedure with undersampling to split training data into a number of bootstrap samples. In the third step, we apply a layer-wise feature extraction method to extract new feature samples from each of the hidden layer(s) of the SDAE. Lastly, the ensemble learning is performed by using each of the new feature samples to train a CSDNN classifier with random cost vector. Experiments are conducted to compare the proposed methods with the existing methods. We examine their performance on real-life data sets in business domains. The results show that the proposed methods obtain promising results in handling class imbalance problem and also outperform all the other compared methods. There are three major contributions to this work. First, we proposed CSDNN method in which misclassification costs are considered in training process. Second, we incorporate random undersampling with layer-wise feature extraction to perform ensemble learning. Third, this is the first work that conducts experiments on class imbalance problem using large real-life data sets in different business domains ranging from direct marketing, churn prediction, credit scoring, fraud detection to fake review detection.

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Åkerlund, Åsa. "ORD : ORD som BILDER och BILDER som ORD." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3873.

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Lisetskiy, Alexander. "Quasideuteron mode in odd-odd N=Z nuclei." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965558037.

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