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Journal articles on the topic 'On a winter's night a traveler'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Nguyen, Phuong Khanh. "METAFICTION AND DROSTE EFFECT IN THE NOVEL “IF ON A WINTER’S NIGHT A TRAVELER” BY ITALO CALVINO." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 10, Special (2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v10ispecial.738.

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f on a winter's night a traveler is considered one of the greatest novels by Italian writer Italo Calvino. Published in 1979, this literary work, which belongs to the postmodernist narrative style in the form of a frame story, tells about a reader trying to read a book with the same title from beginning to end. Much of the story’s content was written in the second-person’s narration, implying that “you” (the Reader) are the protagonist of the novel. Embedded inside are ten short stories (the loose ends of different novels) read by the main character, which causes the book to constantly switch between settings, narrators, and styles. If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler is truly a perfect illustration for the literary style characterized by metafiction and postmodernism. The novel is a conscious textual play with various techniques employed such as authorial role limitation, reader involvement in the plot line, open structure, non-linearity, fragmentation, multiplicity, and intertextuality. By effectively using these devices, Calvino deconstructs the traditional novel form and creates a new structure which shows a parallel between the processes of writing and reading a text. Calvino acts as the supreme game-master taking control of both the characters and the real players, who have been pushed into this game-like novel. This article focuses on analyzing the charactericstics of metafiction, the Droste effect and deconstruction in Calvino’s novel If on a winter's night a traveler, thereby helping to grasp his playful language and his narrative techniques as well as to discover his metafictional discourse.

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2

Salvatori, Mariolina, and Italo Calvino. "Italo Calvino's "If on a Winter's Night a Traveler": Writer's Authority, Reader's Autonomy." Contemporary Literature 27, no. 2 (1986): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208656.

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3

Watts, Melissa. "Reinscribing a Dead Author in If on a Winter's Night a Traveler." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 37, no. 4 (1991): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0510.

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4

Sorapure, Madeleine. "Being in the Midst: Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 31, no. 4 (1985): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.1167.

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5

Fink, Inge. "The Power behind the Pronoun: Narrative Games in Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler." Twentieth Century Literature 37, no. 1 (1991): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/441907.

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6

Evans, Sally. ""The Novel Whose Continuation You are Hunting for": Aporia and Epiphany InIf on a Winter's Night a Traveler." Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 2012, no. 117 (2012): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000127912804641500.

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7

Elisabetta Tarantino. "A Shakespearian Subtext in Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveller." Modern Language Review 112, no. 4 (2017): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/modelangrevi.112.4.0899.

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8

Harries, Judith. "A snowy winter's night." Early Years Educator 9, no. 9 (2007): xiv—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2007.9.9.28558.

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9

Roby, Piper L., Mark W. Gumbert, and Michael J. Lacki. "Nine years of Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) spring migration behavior." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 5 (2019): 1501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz104.

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Abstract The endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) congregates in large hibernation groups in winter and travels after spring emergence to form summer maternity colonies, but information on migration behavior in this species remains limited to mostly band recovery observations. We tracked female Indiana bats in spring migration toward summer grounds using aerial radiotelemetry. Adult female Indiana bats were radiotagged in spring from 2009 through 2017, with 15 individuals successfully tracked to summer grounds and an additional 11 bats located in summer grounds via aerial telemetry after migration was complete. This resulted in the location of 17 previously unknown summer grounds for female Indiana bats, including adding Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the summer maternity range. Two of the colonies identified in this study were south of the previously known southernmost colony in Tennessee, expanding the summer maternity range for the species by 178 km. Time-stamped location fixes along the migration path provided information about nightly and overall distances traveled, duration of travel, migration speed, and weather-related influences on bat behavior. Bats traveled 164.6 ± 26.2 km (± SE) on average from hibernacula to summer grounds and were migrating for an average of 7.3 ± 1.4 calendar nights. Bats alternated between foraging and traveling throughout each night of their migration route. Nightly migration rate was 9.9 ± 0.8 km/h and bats were active on the landscape for an average of 6.1 ± 0.4 h/night. Lower nighttime temperatures and lower barometric pressure correlated with use of layover areas during a migration night. Understanding bat behavior during migration can provide pertinent information for land managers to consider in efforts to conserve potential migration corridors, foraging areas, and roosting habitats of species in decline.

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10

Withers, Robert. "If on a Winter's Night an Editor …" Teaching in Higher Education 2, no. 3 (1997): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1356215970020304.

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11

Kolpakov, Maksim Yur'evich, and Dmitry Vladimirovich Mikheev. "The cold route to Muscovy: European travelers of the XV – XVII Centuries in the conditions of Russian winter." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.5.35653.

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The XV &ndash; XVII centuries mark the intensification of trade, political and cultural contacts between the European countries and the Russian State. The large territory of the country, geographical peculiarities, road network, trade and political interests required long winter travels from the Europeans. The final data array, which describes the experience of European travelers is comprised of 27 essays and&nbsp; reflects 32 visits or stay in the territory of the Russian State. From the representative range of sources, the author determines the characteristics of winters, assessments of the quality of winter roads, descriptions of clothes and road equipment, main methods of transportation, stories about the peculiarities of winter indoor and outdoor night lodging, common and uncommon methods against cold weather, and methods of treating freeze burns. The subjectivity or objectivity of &ldquo;winter&rdquo; testimonies of the foreigners was established in accordance with the climatic characteristics of simultaneous regional winter seasons in the texts of the Russian chronicles. The results of analysis of the natural and climatic conditions in Europe and the Russian State against the background of changes in heliophysical parameters allow asserting that European travelers of the so-called period of &ldquo;Little Ice Age&rdquo; came from the region with longer or colder winters. In the European part of the Russian State, abnormal freezing temperatures were marked later and not so longstanding. Over the three centuries of winter travels to Muscovy and trips to the domains of the tsar, the Europeans have adopted the experience and technologies of the local population, as well as developed the original recommendations for foreigners, who desired to live and work in the conditions of the &ldquo;Russian winter&rdquo;. A new stage in adaptation of economic activity and everyday life of the population to the impact of cold climate would become possible after the emergence of new types of transport and improvement of communication system in Modern Age.

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12

Long, Sarah S. "Febrile seizures: “Once upon a dark winter's night…”." Journal of Pediatrics 145, no. 6 (2004): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.11.007.

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13

Pereira, Vinícius Carvalho. "Notas sobre o romance generativo “If on a winter's night a library cardholder”." Texto Digital 16, no. 2 (2020): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2020v16n2p20.

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Realizamos no presente artigo uma análise de If on a Winter's Night a Library Cardholder, romance generativo desenvolvido por Robin Camille Davis para a edição de 2016 do NaNoGenMo – National Novel Generation Month. Considerando que o projeto de Davis envolvia uma releitura computacional de Se um viajante numa noite de inverno, discutimos aqui, à luz de escritos de Italo Calvino sobre o tema da combinatória, os sentidos advindos dos recursos técnicos mobilizados para a constituição de uma obra generativa de forte cariz metaliterário. Face aos desafios impostos à leitura de um romance produzido por uma máquina, procedemos também a um exercício de distant reading contrastivo entre If on a Winter's Night a Library Cardholder e a tradução para o inglês de Se um viajante numa noite de inverno, utilizando a aplicação web Voyant Tools. De tal modo, mapeamos números absolutos e relativos de palavras, bem como as relações que algumas delas contraem com as de sua adjacência, sobretudo termos do campo lexical do livro e da leitura, central nas obras de Calvino e Davis. Como contribuições à área de Estudos Literários, indicamos apontamentos relativos If on a Winter's Night a Library Cardholder e possíveis abordagens metodológicas para o estudo de romances generativos.

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14

Archuleta, Elizabeth, and Maurice Kenny. "Stories for a Winter's Night: Short Fiction by Native Americans." World Literature Today 75, no. 2 (2001): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40156730.

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15

Baillie, Hector M. "Gas." Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 15, no. 2 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v15i2.406.

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Internists have all sorts of background training. Mine included a year of Anaesthesia, which gave me a skill-set that was invaluable for rural ICU care. One winter's night in Winnipeg was filled with excitement, and for one lucky patient, a remarkable cure.

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16

Markus, Nicola, and Les Hall. "Foraging behaviour of the black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto) in the urban landscape of Brisbane, Queensland." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01117.

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The foraging movements of 13 Pteropus alecto from four camps in suburban Brisbane were monitored over two summer and one winter season between 1998 and 2000. By means of radio-telemetry, the flying-foxes were tracked to their foraging sites over 49 nights for a total of 237 h. Data from flying-foxes tracked from dusk to dawn showed that bats travelled directly to a foraging site early in the night and undertook smaller movements between foraging sites for the remainder of the night. Bats undertook a greater number of nocturnal movements during a food resource shortage than during a season of greater resource abundance. Mean distances (±s.e.) travelled from camps to foraging sites varied between camps and ranged from 2.9 ± 0.3 km (n = 24) to 7.6 ± 0.07 km (n = 2). In all three seasons, flying-foxes foraged on a variety of native and exotic plant species. Dominant exotics included Cocos palms (Sygarus romanzoffiana), Chinese elm trees (Celtis sinensis) and Cadaghi (Corymbia torrelliana), while highly utilised native food plants included figs (Ficus spp.), grevilleas (Grevillea spp.) and bottlebrushes (Callistemon spp.).

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17

Blair, Kirstie. "“HE SINGS ALONE”: HYBRID FORMS AND THE VICTORIAN WORKING-CLASS POET." Victorian Literature and Culture 37, no. 2 (2009): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150309090329.

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In 1868, Alexander Wallace paused in his introduction to the life and works of Janet Hamilton, a respected Scottish working-class poet, to note his subject's interest in literary parlour games: “Janet asked us if we had ever tried the writing of Cento verses, which she characterized as a pleasant literary amusement for a meeting of young friends in a winter's night.”

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18

Covell, Darrel F., David S. Miller, and William H. Karasov. "Cost of locomotion and daily energy expenditure by free-living swift foxes (Vulpes velox): a seasonal comparison." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 2 (1996): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-035.

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We studied the daily energy expenditure of free-living nonreproductive carnivorous swift foxes (Vulpes velox, average mass 2.1 kg) on shortgrass prairie in southeastern Colorado in summer and winter in relation to air temperature, daily activity pattern, movement rate, and daily movement distance. The field metabolic rate (FMR) was measured with doubly labeled water, and activity and movements were monitored by radiotelemetry. During their nighttime activity period in winter, swift foxes traveled large distances (18.5 ± 0.6 km/d). Locomotion costs (estimated from daily movement distance in winter, using an allometric equation) accounted for at least 21% of total daily expenditure, the highest proportion reported for a mammal. During their nocturnal activity periods (winter vs. summer), swift foxes apparently traveled farther (ca. 13.0 vs. 5.7 km/night, using equal sampling intervals) and were active longer (ca. 12.9 vs. 11.3 h/night) in colder air. Nevertheless, FMR in winter (1488 kJ/d) was significantly lower than during summer (2079 kJ/d). We review available data for other free-living eutherians and show that low temperatures in winter are not necessarily associated with increases in FMR.

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19

Fox, Christopher. "Juliet Fraser and Plus Minus, Café OTO, London, 7 February 2017." Tempo 71, no. 281 (2017): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298217000353.

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On a gloomy winter's night in Dalston what could be better than Kammerklang at Café OTO? Out of the cold and into a packed house – standing room only for many of us, and sauna-like levels of humidity – for an evening in which an audio-visual piece about bells by Christine Sun Kim and a new string quartet by Lisa Illean frame the main event, two new pieces by the Canadian composer Cassandra Miller.

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20

Cristina Scuderi. "If on a Winter's Night a Composer Unfurling Music: A Conversation with Carlo Forlivesi." Perspectives of New Music 52, no. 3 (2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7757/persnewmusi.52.3.0093.

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21

Cristina Scuderi. "If on a Winter's Night a Composer Unfurling Music: A Conversation with Carlo Forlivesi." Perspectives of New Music 52, no. 3 (2014): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pnm.2014.0011.

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22

Smith, Peter J., Peter J. Smith, Peter J. Smith, et al. "Reviews Plays: Troilus and Cressida, The Winter's Tale, Othello, a Midsummer Night's Dream, Volpone, Antony and Cleopatra, Twelfth Night, Macbeth, Twelfth Night, The White Devil, The Tempest, Hamlet, The Winter's Tale, The Comedy of Errors, Julius Caesar, Twelfth Night, The Winter's Tale, Vie et Mort du Roi Jean, Le Juif de Malte, York (Henri VI 3e volet—Richard III)." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 56, no. 1 (1999): 81–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.56.1.8.

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23

MANSELL, JAMES G. "MUSICAL MODERNITY AND CONTESTED COMMEMORATION AT THE FESTIVAL OF REMEMBRANCE, 1923–1927." Historical Journal 52, no. 2 (2009): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09007535.

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ABSTRACTThis article makes the case for incorporating music into the history of war commemoration in 1920s Britain by examining John Foulds's A World Requiem, performed at the British Legion's first Festivals of Remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall between 1923 and 1926. A simultaneously modernist and spiritual work, Foulds's Requiem challenges Jay Winter's conclusion that modernism was unconcerned with public grief. The controversy which the Requiem caused also reveals the contested nature of public memory, particularly where music and religion were concerned. The Requiem's axing in 1927 points to a hegemonic process which, although it had yet fully to take shape, found no room on Armistice Night for Foulds's progressive ideals.

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24

Davis, Noah G., Samuel Wyffels, Carla Sanford, and Timothy DelCurto. "284 Influence of three times weekly alfalfa supplementation on the behavior of beef cows grazing dormant Montana rangeland." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.389.

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Abstract The objectives of this research were to determine how daily and hourly distance traveled, grazing time, and resting time of beef cows are influenced relative to the timing of supplementation. Over two winters, a herd of commercial Angus cows grazed in a 645-ha Montana foothill rangeland pasture for 56 days between December and February each year. At 1300 every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, all cows were gathered and taken to a central location in the pasture where 3.18 kg∙hd-1 of alfalfa pellets (17% CP) were immediately delivered. Each year, 18 cows were randomly assigned a global positioning system (GPS) collar. Using the GPS collar data, distance traveled, grazing time, and resting time were estimated for each hour and day for each cow. Activity was grouped into the 24-h period pre-supplementation and 24-h period post-supplementation. Cows traveled 1.7 km further and grazed for 0.7 h less per day post-supplementation (P &lt; 0.01). Daily resting time was similar pre- and post-supplementation (P = 0.07). Post-supplementation, cows traveled further in the afternoon and morning and reduced grazing in the afternoon and at night (P &lt; 0.05). Cows rested less in the morning pre-supplementation and in the afternoon post-supplementation (P &lt; 0.03). Results indicate that three times weekly supplementation alters cow activity, though differences are mostly associated with the time surrounding when supplement is delivered.

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25

Biuw, Martin, Christian Lydersen, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, et al. "Long-range migration of a chinstrap penguin from Bouvetøya to Montagu Island, South Sandwich Islands." Antarctic Science 22, no. 2 (2009): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009990605.

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AbstractWe describe a long-range migration of a pre-moulting adult chinstrap penguin from Bouvetøya, a small relatively recently established colony, to the South Sandwich Islands, where large, established colonies of this species reside. The trip lasted around three weeks, covered ∼3600 km, and the time of arrival was consistent with the annual moult. The bird did not travel along the shortest path or along a constant bearing, but instead followed what appeared to be a series of two or three rhumb lines of constant bearing. Small southward and northward deviations from the general path were consistent with local water currents. Travel speeds were high during daylight but decreased at night, suggesting that resting or opportunistic feeding occurred preferentially at night. While long-range winter migrations of chinstraps to feeding areas in the vicinity of distant colonies have been previously described, this is the first observation of such a trip during the period between breeding and moulting, and the first record of an individual actually arriving at one of these distant colonies. This has implications for understanding population structure and management of this important Southern Ocean predator.

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26

Labhardt, N., V. Rickerts, S. Popescu, and A. Neumayr. "TB or not TB – Persistent cough, fever and night sweats in a 46-year-old traveler returning from South America." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 13, no. 4 (2015): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.06.006.

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27

Rajabi, Farhad, and Tahere Shakouri. "An Analysis of the Plays ‘The Princess is Waiting’ and ‘The Night Traveler’ based on Yuri Lotman’s Model of Semio sphere." Journal of New Critical Arabic Literature 8, no. 14 (2018): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/mcal.8.14.67.

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28

Skerratt, Lee F., John H. L. Skerratt, Sam Banks, Roger Martin, and Kathrine Handasyde. "Aspects of the ecology of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) at high density on pastoral land in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 3 (2004): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02061.

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Free-living common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) living at high densities on pastoral land (1.9 wombats ha–1) had most of their burrows (83%) confined to a 20-m-wide strip of remnant riparian vegetation adjacent to pasture (24 burrows ha–1). The ratio of wombats to 'active' burrows (being used by wombats) was 1.0. Wombats shared burrows extensively, with a mean of 3.1 ± 0.3 (s.e.), range 2–9 wombats using each burrow (n = 37). The majority (70%) of occupied burrows contained several wombats independent of age, sex and stage of reproduction. On average, wombats used the same burrow for 3.8 consecutive nights before changing to another. Home ranges of wombats overlapped completely. Adult males had larger home ranges than females with young (7.3 ± 0.6, 6.1–8.3 ha, n = 3 versus 3.8 ± 0.5, 2.4–5.0 ha, n = 4, respectively). Distances travelled and the area used each night by wombats decreased in late winter and spring, when food was more abundant. Breeding occurred throughout the year but there was a cluster of births in summer. Lactation was associated with weight loss in females of several kilograms. Usually larger (30 kg) males that shared burrows or used burrows near (<300 m) to the burrows used by a female sired her young; however, occasionally wombats that used widely separated burrows (>700 m) bred. Adult males had a greater head length to weight ratio than adult females. Adult males generally emerged from their burrows shortly after dusk and 30 min before adult females. Ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice were common but the mite Sarcoptes scabiei was not found nor were there signs of sarcoptic mange in the population.

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29

de Zwaan, Victoria. "Conditional Narrative and False Starts: The Potentiality of the Incipit in Italo Calvino’s If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller and Raymond Federman’s Smiles on Washington Square." International Journal of Literary Humanities 14, no. 4 (2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7912/cgp/v14i04/25-37.

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30

Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro, Andreu Cabot, and J. Siqueira Dias. "Evaluation of the Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Potential at Different Latitudes Using Solar Flat Panels Systems with Buried Heat Sink." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122641.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEG) can harvest solar energy during the day using solar flat panels. They can also benefit from the use of a material that stores solar energy to generate additional power at night, when the panel cools down and the energy stored in this material travels back, through the TEG. The soil can be used as the material that stores solar energy, but the performance of such systems, with the heat sink buried in the soil, depends on the ambient and the soil temperature, parameters which can change drastically with the latitude of the location where the TEG is installed. We present an experimental study with the comparison of the potential energy that can be collected from a TEG system with heat sink buried at different depths and at different latitudes: Campinas, Brazil − 22 ∘ 54 ′ 20 ′ ′ S; and Mataró, Catalonia, Spain − 41 ∘ 32 ′ 17 ′ ′ N. The potential of energy harvesting calculated during 32 winter days in Campinas is 72% of the total calculated during 205 days in Mataró. Experimental results obtained from a complete TEG system showed that in Campinas, during one day, it was possible to store 34.11 J of electrical energy in a supercapacitor. Notably, we demonstrate that the energy generated during the night by the heat stored into the soil can be as high as the energy generated during the day.

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31

Durieux, Eric D. H., Mathieu Le Duigou, Sandie Millot, Pierre Sasal, and Marie-Laure Begout. "Sedentary behaviour establishment in O-group common soleSolea solea: a laboratory video-tracking study." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 6 (2009): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991159.

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Spontaneous swimming activity of O-group common sole (Solea solea) was evaluated using a video-tracking system under laboratory conditions. An experiment was conducted during two consecutive days on individuals sampled in June, July, September and November (2004) in a coastal nursery ground (Pertuis Charentais, Bay of Biscay, France). The measured behavioural variables were: distance travelled and frequency of occurrence of burying, swimming and immobility. O-group sole showed a relatively clear circadian activity in line with the artificial light conditions (day, twilight and night). Swimming activity of O-group sole decreased drastically from June to July, thereafter remaining at a very low level in September and November. Such important changes reflect the transition between the exploratory behaviour of the post-colonization period and a well established sedentary behaviour remaining until the onset of winter. These results highlight the potential limitation in habitat use capacities of O-group sole once settled in coastal nursery grounds.

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32

Hio, Yasuko, and Shigeo Yoden. "Quasi-Periodic Variations of the Polar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere Due to Wave–Wave Interaction." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 21 (2004): 2510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3257.1.

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Abstract The winter polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere is characterized by prominent quasi-stationary planetary waves: zonal wavenumber 1 (wave 1) and the eastward-traveling wave (wave 2). Quasi-periodic variations of the polar vortex are investigated in terms of the wave–wave interaction between wave 1 and wave 2 with both the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1979 to 2002 and a spherical barotropic model. A typical case shows that the transient wave 1 generated by the wave–wave interaction has comparable amplitude to those of the stationary wave 1 and the traveling wave 2, and has a node around 60°S, where these primary waves have large amplitude. The transient wave 1 travels eastward with the same angular frequency as that of the traveling wave 2. The polar night jet also vacillates with the same frequency such that it has its minimum when the stationary wave 1 and the transient wave 1 are in phase at the polar side of the node. The vacillation is basically due to quasi-periodic variations of the wave driven by the interference between the stationary and traveling wave 1s. Similar periodic variations of the polar vortex are obtained in the model experiment here, in the circumstance that stationary wave 1 generated by surface topography has comparable amplitude to the eastward-traveling wave 2 that is generated by the barotropic instability of a forced mean zonal wind. The winter polar vortex shows large interannual variability. Similar quasi-periodic variations due to wave– wave interaction often occurred for the 24 yr in late winter when the transient wave 2 was vigorous.

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33

H. Dohal, Gassim. "A Translation Into English of Khalil I. Al-Fuzai’s (Note 1) “Wednesday Train” (Note 2)." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 5 (2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i5.15731.

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Saleh leaves his village for the city, searching for a job. When he gets there, he cannot find even a place to sleep that night. Life in the city is not as easy as Saleh thought.The story, at the beginning, focuses on a social custom: people accompany travelers to a station or airport. Sometimes the travelers need no help, yet relatives or friends join them anyway up to a particular spot. In many cases, the well-wishers make it difficult for the traveler, who gets embarrassed and tries to observe etiquette at the expense of keeping watch over personal cards, baggage, and children in those crowded places. Hence, those well-wishers may become a burden rather than a help.Another issue the story depicts are the jammed conditions of public transportation. In trains, cars, and buses, one can see people standing and walking: “after three hours he spent standing... Saleh arrives... at the city.” The only transportation where travelers should buckle up in Saudi Arabia is airplanes. Recently, efforts were made to improve these conditions, but cooperation from the public is important for any progress in this respect.On the other hand, readers may notice the protagonist’s treatment of both his wife and mother; “he bids farewell to his mother warmly, and to his wife lukewarmly.” In addition, he is going to leave his wife and children with his mother; this is the normal tendency in Saudi Arabian society.

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Khalilova, Lyudmila A. "BATTLE OF BRITAIN: LONDON IN LONDONERS’ COMMEMORATIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2020): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-84-98.

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The article is devoted to the Blitz commemorations of the citizens of London. Such WWII memoirs are extremely precious since they give the reader a first-person view of the witness’s actions, feelings, experiences. Reminiscences make us deeply involved in different events of the Blitz, showing both the unbelievable ruthlessness of the enemy and the endeavor of the citizens of the British capital to retain their human nature. The Blitz period has originated a lot of accounts connected with the scale of bombardment. The present papertacklesthe recollections ofrenownedwriters,war correspondents, artists, people at work – firefighters and local defense volunteers. Ordinary citizens – grown-ups and children – were also among the onlookers. Ernie Pyle, a famous journalist, presented a description of blanket night bombings, one of which resulted in the Second Great Fire of London. Virginia Woolf did not only describe her feelings during an air raid but also reflected on future peace. Eyewitnesses’ accounts convey the images of devastation, sufferings, horror. And, at the same time, people stayed heroic and defiant, they continued living among the ruins – sheltering, developing their own mini-governments in the Tube, playing cricket amidst debris, digging for victory. Moreover, as Henry Morton, another famous journalist and traveler, reported, Londoners had not lost their sense of humor even under unrelenting bombardment. The documentary sources indicate that the spirits were high: the old and the young, the rich and the poor were getting along, joined together. Those people were

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Evans, Murray C. "Home range, burrow-use and activity patterns in common wombats (Vombatus ursinus)." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07067.

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Wombats are large, marsupial herbivores able to exploit low-productivity habitats largely because of their low energy requirements. In addition to using deep, thermally favourable burrows, wombats might use a strategy of conservative above-ground ranging behaviour to achieve their low energy expenditure. This study examined home range, burrow use and diurnal activity patterns of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) in eucalypt forest, woodland and pasture using trapping and radio-tracking. Wombats ranged through all three vegetation types with forest and pasture clearly being important habitats. Home ranges (95% harmonic mean) were typically almost circular, and averaged 17.7 ha with core areas (50% harmonic mean) averaging 2.9 ha. Home-range size is small compared with that expected for most mammals of comparable body mass. Ranging behaviour for wombats was similar between sexes and ranges extensively overlapped between and within sexes, indicating that ranges are not actively defended. Wombats did not markedly change the size or location of home ranges, ranging behaviour or feeding areas between summer and winter. The density of active burrows (0.25 ha–1) far exceeded the estimated density of wombats (0.13 ha–1). Wombats typically spent 1–4 days sleeping in the same burrow and then moved to another. On average, each active burrow was used by 2.2 different individuals. The activity pattern of wombats is characterised by a strong diel cycle, with most activity occurring nocturnally. Activity peaks at the beginning and end of each night are consistent with a ‘travel out, graze, travel back’ movement pattern. Despite widely distributed food resources, small home ranges and obligate burrow use constrain wombats to meeting their year-round food and water requirements from a small area near their burrows.

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Boylan, Alexis L. "Neither Tramp Nor Hobo: Images of Unemployment in the Art of the Ashcan School." Prospects 30 (October 2005): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002118.

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This short notice, entitled “When a ‘Hobo’ Works,” which appeared in the New York Times, July 13, 1912, might seem overwrought to contemporary readers in its definitive nature. The need to delineate work and nonwork, however, was quite serious business for Americans in the first decades of the 20th century. During this period, as evidenced in newspaper and journal articles, legislation, and popular culture, there was growing apprehension about the perceived differences and slippage among the ideas of the tramp, the hobo, the vagrant, the unemployed worker, and the worker. Most of this conversation was directed toward defining work and nonwork for men — specifically for white men. Tramping came to be viewed as an affliction of both mind and body, with writers, politicians, and reformers seeking to define the tramp and then theorizing how to put these newly codified bodies to work.Some of the most complex images of joblessness from this period were produced by the Ashcan school of artists, who frequently portrayed jobless men in their paintings and drawings. The Ashcan school, a group of six realist painters who lived and worked in New York City from 1900 to the First World War, established a national reputation as radicals rebelling against what they argued was a conservative artistic community woefully out of touch with modern American life. Ashcan artists depicted what they claimed to be the realities of the city around them — busy streets, shopgirls, ethnic communities, construction workers, and prostitutes, as well as tramps. John Sloan's The Coffee Line, 1905 (Figure 1), is typical of the kinds of images that Ashcan artists produced. The scene is a snowy winter's night in New York with a band of men in line to get a free cup of coffee. Jobless men are the stars here; unwitting leads in Sloan's slice of New York City life. The painting did much to communicate nationally a visual image of the tramp in New York City; it won honorable mention in 1905 at the Carnegie Institute International Exposition and was then exhibited in Chicago; Spartanburg, South Carolina; Dallas; and Seattle.

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Smith, Peter J., Harry Fox Davies, Laura Campbell, et al. "Play Reviews: Henry V, Coriolan/Us, Macbeth, the Tragedie of Cleopatra, Richard III, the Two Gentlemen of Verona, Twelfth Night, Roméo et Juliette [Romeo and Juliet], Macbeth, Two Gentlemen of Verona, the Winter's Tale, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 83, no. 1 (2013): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.83.1.5.

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McGee, Matt, Stan Anderson, and Doug Wachob. "Coyote (Canis latrans) Habitat use and Mortality in Grand Teton National Park and Suburban-Agricultural Areas of Jackson Hole, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (January 1, 2000): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3415.

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A study of coyote (Canis latrans) habitat use and mortality in Grand Teton National Park and the suburban-agricultural land surrounding Jackson, WY was conducted between September 1999 and August 2000. This research focused on the influence of human development, habitat type, topography, and simulated wolf presence on coyote habitat use and on coyote mortality patterns in undeveloped and suburban-agricultural land. The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline information on the coyote population in Jackson Hole that can be used in the future to determine what, if any, impact wolves and human developments may have on coyotes. There were a total of fifteen radio-collared coyotes in the suburban-agricultural area and fourteen radio collared coyotes in Grand Teton National Park and adjacent areas in the National Elk Refuge and Bridger-Teton National Forest. Marked coyotes were tracked weekly using short interval telemetry relocations and triangulation to determine habitat use patterns. During the winter, track transects were skied weekly and coyote trails were backtracked and mapped using hand held GPS units to determine fine scale habitat use patterns. Coyote mortality was determined via telemetry and direct observation. Preliminary data analyses suggest that coyotes use mainly sagebrush-grasslands or forest-shrub-grass edge areas and avoid forest interior areas. Coyotes frequently use trails and roads in the undeveloped area when moving long distances. Preliminary analysis also indicates that roads and trails are used in a greater proportion than their abundance on the landscape. Coyotes were frequently observed using riparian corridors to move between open meadows in the suburban-agricultural area. There is some evidence that suggests coyotes selectively travel fences and irrigation ditches for long distances in agricultural areas. The movement data also suggests that coyotes avoid developed areas during the day and travel in these developed areas at night. The data on coyote locations suggests some avoidance of wolf urine scent grids in the undeveloped area, but not in the developed area. Coyote mortality was primarily human caused, and coyotes that were male, transient, and lived in the suburban-agricultural area were the most commonly killed animals.

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Pan, X. L., Y. Kanaya, Z. F. Wang, et al. "Correlation of black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide concentrations measured in the high-altitude environment of Mt. Huangshan, Eastern China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (2011): 4447–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-4447-2011.

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Abstract. Understanding the relationship between black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) will help improve BC emission inventories and the evaluation of global/regional climate forcing effects. In the present work, the BC (PM1) and CO mixing ratio was continuously measured at a~high-altitude background station on the summit of Mt Huangshan between 2006 and 2009. Annual mean BC concentration was 654.6 ± 633.4 ng m−3 with maxima in spring and autumn, when biomass was burned over a large area in Eastern China. The yearly averaged CO concentration was 446.4 ± 167.6 ppbv, and the increase in the CO concentration was greatest in the cold season, implying that the large-scale domestic coal/biofuel combustion for heating has an effect. The BC–CO relationship was found to have different seasonal features but strong positive correlation (R > 0.8). Back trajectory cluster analysis showed that the ΔBC/ΔCO ratio of plumes from the Yangtze River Delta region was 6.58 ± 0.96 ng m−3 ppbv−1, which is consistent with result from INTEX-B emission inventory. The ΔBC/ΔCO ratios for air masses from Northern, Central Eastern and Southern China were 5.2 ± 0.63, 5.65 ± 0.58 and 5.21 ± 0.93 ng m−3 ppbv−1, respectively. Over the whole observation period, the ΔBC/ΔCO ratio had unimodal diurnal variations and had a maximum during the day (09:00–17:00 LST) and minimum at night (21:00–04:00 LST) in spring, summer, autumn and winter, indicating the effects of the intrusion of clean air mass from the high troposphere. The case study combined with measurements of urban PM10 concentrations and satellite observations demonstrated that the ΔBC/ΔCO ratio for a plume of burning biomass was 12.4 ng m−3 ppbv−1 and that for urban plumes in Eastern China was 5.3 ± 0.53 ng m−3 ppbv−1. Transportation and industry were deemed as controlling factors of the BC–CO relationship and major contributions to atmospheric BC and CO loadings in urban areas. The loss of BC during transportation was also investigated on the basis of the ΔBC/ΔCO–RH relationship along air mass pathways, and the results showed that 30–50% BC was lost when air mass traveled under higher RH conditions (>60%) for 2 days.

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Kirwan, Peter, Peter J. Smith, Dana E. Aspinall, et al. "Play Reviews: Julius Caesar / Antony and Cleopatra, Othello, All's Well That Ends Well, as You like it, the Winter's Tale, as You like it, Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night, King Lear, Henry V, as You like it, the Comedy of Errors, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, a Midsummer Night's Dream, Bartholomew Fair." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 76, no. 1 (2009): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.76.1.6.

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Peterson, Kaara L., Kath Bradley, Peter J. Smith, et al. "Play Reviews: Believe What You Will, Thomas More, Speaking like Magpies, as You like it, Twelfth Night, the Comedy of Errors, a Midsummer Night's Dream, the Tempest, Pericles, Prince of Tyre, the Winter's Tale, Henry IV, Tamburlaine, as You like it, Much Ado about Nothing, as You like it, the Tempest, La Tempête, Richard III, La Tragique histoire d'Hamlet, Prince de Danemark [Hamlet], La Nuit des rois [Twelfth Night], Viol (Schändung), Le Songe d'une nuit d'été." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 68, no. 1 (2005): 39–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.68.1.7.

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Liston, William T., William T. Liston, William T. Liston, et al. "Reviews Plays: As You like it, Hamlet, Titus Andronicus, The Two Noble Kinsmen, Hamlet, a Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet, The White Devil, The Winter's Tale, The Duchess of Malfi, The Tempest, Henry VI, Les deux nobles Cousins, Hamlet, Le Roi Lear, Octave, Antoine et Cléopâtre, Le Songe d'une nuit d'été, Cymbeline, Hamlet sur la route." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 59, no. 1 (2001): 81–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.59.1.8.

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43

Sillars, Stuart, Todd Andrew Borlik, Marina Favila, et al. "Play Reviews: En Midsommernatats Drøm (A Midsummer Night's Dream), Macbeth, Dido, Queen of Carthage, Henry V, Julius Caesar, the Comedy of Err ors, Twelfth Night, the Tempest, Troilus and Cressida, Much Ado about Nothing, Westward Ho!, Bingo: Scenes of Money and Death, Hamlet, the Winter's Tale and Henry V, Much Ado about Nothing, Les Trois Richard [The Three Richards], after Richard III." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 82, no. 1 (2012): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.82.1.8.

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44

Cho, Chaeyoon, Sang-Woo Kim, Maheswar Rupakheti, et al. "Wintertime aerosol optical and radiative properties in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 20 (2017): 12617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12617-2017.

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Abstract. Particulate air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley has reached severe levels that are mainly due to uncontrolled emissions and the location of the urban area in a bowl-shaped basin with associated local wind circulations. The AERONET measurements from December 2012 to August 2014 revealed a mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) of approximately 0.30 at 675 nm during winter, which is similar to that of the post-monsoon but half of that of the pre-monsoon AOD (0.63). The distinct seasonal variations are closely related to regional-scale monsoon circulations over South Asia and emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. During the SusKat-ABC campaign (December 2012–February 2013), a noticeable increase in both aerosol scattering (σs; 313 → 577 Mm−1 at 550 nm) and absorption (σa; 98 → 145 Mm−1 at 520 nm) coefficients occurred before and after 4 January 2013. This can be attributed to the increase in wood-burned fires due to a temperature drop and the start of firing at nearby brick kilns. The σs value in the Kathmandu Valley was a factor of 0.5 lower than that in polluted cities in India. The σa value in the Kathmandu Valley was approximately 2 times higher than that at severely polluted urban sites in India. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of 2.6 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements in the Kathmandu Valley is similar to that reported in urban areas. However, the aerosol mass absorption efficiency was determined to be 11 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements, which is higher than that reported in the literature for pure soot particles (7.5 ± 1.2 m2 g−1). This might be due to the fact that most of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley were thought to be mostly externally mixed with other aerosols under dry conditions due to a short travel time from their sources. The σs and σa values and the equivalent black carbon (EBC) mass concentration reached up to 757 Mm−1, 224 Mm−1, and 29 µg m−3 at 08:00 LST (local standard time), respectively but decreased dramatically during the daytime (09:00–18:00 LST), to one-quarter of the morning average (06:00–09:00 LST) due to the development of valley winds and an atmospheric bounder layer. The σs and σa values and the EBC concentration remained almost constant during the night at the levels of 410 Mm−1, 130 Mm−1, and 17 µg m−3, respectively. The average aerosol direct radiative forcings over the intensive measurement period were estimated to be −6.9 ± 1.4 W m−2 (top of the atmosphere) and −20.8 ± 4.6 W m−2 (surface). Therefore, the high atmospheric forcing (i.e., 13.9 ± 3.6 W m−2) and forcing efficiency (74.8 ± 24.2 W m−2 τ−1) can be attributed to the high portion of light-absorbing aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, as indicated by the high black carbon (or elemental carbon) to sulphate ratio (1.5 ± 1.1).

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Coburn, Drew, Rita L. Kokkoris, Gerry R. Cox, Gerry R. Cox, Denise Bevan, and Richard B. Gilbert. "Reviews and Resources: The Long Dark Winter's Night: Reflections of a Priest in a Time of Pain and Privilege, Ciara's Gift: Grief Edged with Gold, a Parent's Guide to Raising Grieving Children: Rebuilding Your Family after the Death of a Loved One, Suicide and Homicide—Suicide among Police, Being with Dying: Cultivating Compassion and Fearlessness in the Presence of Death, Counting Our Losses: Reflecting on Change, Loss, and Transition in Everyday Life." Illness, Crisis & Loss 19, no. 3 (2011): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.19.3.k.

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Smout, Clare, Clare Smout, Kate Wilkinson, et al. "Play Reviews: Antonio's Revenge, a Woman Killed with Kindness, ‘Tis Pity She's a Whore’, Edward II, the City Madam, Cardenio, Macbeth, the Merchant of Venice, a Midsummer Night's Dream, 1 Henry VI, the Tempest, Hamlet, a Midsummer Night's Dream, the Merry Wives of Windsor, Au moins j'aurai laissé un beau cadavre [At Least I Will Have Left a Beautiful Corpse], En Attendant Le Songe [Waiting for the Dream], 1,2 & 3 Henry VI, Henry VI, the Winter's Tale, the Comedy of Errors, the Comedy of Errors, Twelfth Night, Richard III." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 80, no. 1 (2011): 59–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.80.1.9.

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47

Smith, Peter J., Gaëlle Ginestet, Greg Walker, et al. "Reviews: Romeo and Juliet, Antony and Cleopatra, Othello, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Much Ado about Nothing, the Knight's Tale, a Midsummer Night's Dream, Titus Andronicus, I & II Henry IV, I, II & III Henry VI, King John, the Tempest, Love's Labour's Lost, Henry VIII, the Two Gentlemen of Verona, Troilus and Cressida, the Rape of Lucrece, All's Well That Ends Well, Richard III, the Comedy of Errors, Measure for Measure, Cymbeline, Timon of Athens, the Winter's Tale, Hamlet, Pericles, the Taming of the Shrew, the Phoenix and Turtle, Richard II, Merry Wives: The Musical, Richard III, Henry V, Richard III: An Arab Tragedy, Macbeth, Coriolanus, Nothing like the Sun (Sonnets), Twelfth Night, or What You Will, as You like it, Venus and Adonis, the Merchant of Venice, King Lear." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 71, no. 1_suppl (2007): 29–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ce.spiss07.1.7.

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Arndt, Robert J., and Steven L. Lima. "Landscape-wide flight activity by wintering bats predictably follows pulses of warmth in the Midwestern United States." Journal of Mammalogy, December 29, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa088.

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Abstract During winter hibernation, bats may become active for a variety of reasons. Such winter activity occurs at or near hibernacula, but the degree to which this activity represents long-distance travel across a wider landscape largely is unstudied. We documented patterns in landscape-wide winter activity across a west-central Indiana study site, providing some new insights into winter flight activity. We deployed acoustic recording devices in areas without any known hibernacula, each night from December through March over three consecutive winters. Twilight temperatures (1 h post-sunset) ranged from −23°C to 21°C across three winters. We recorded 4,392 call files and attributed 89% to a phonic group based on characteristic frequencies. Flight activity was recorded at all stations and during all winter months. Nightly activity mainly was a function of the temperature on that night. We recorded low-phonic bats (most likely big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus) down to −4°C, but most activity occurred when twilight temperatures were &gt; 0°C. Mid-phonic bat activity (most likely eastern red bats, Lasiurus borealis) occurred when temperatures were &gt; 0°C, with most activity occurring when temperatures were &gt; 5°C. Wind speeds &gt; 6 m/s tended to suppress activity. The duration of inactive periods during cold spells had no effect on activity during subsequent warm nights, indicating no increasing drive for activity following long periods of inactivity. Most activity occurred within a few hours of sunset, regardless of temperature. Little pre-sunset activity was recorded in low-phonic bats, but mid-phonic bats sometimes were active in the hour before sunset. Our results suggest widespread and potentially long-distance travel by bats across our study area during warm periods, but the impetus behind this activity remains unclear.

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"Frost feathers on a car windscreen after a cold winter's night in North Yorkshire." Weather 72, no. 1 (2017): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.2948.

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"Twelfth Night, or What You Will, and: The Winter's Tale, and: Othello, and: Unexpected Shaxpere (review)." Shakespeare Bulletin 24, no. 1 (2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shb.2006.0016.

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