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Powell, Raymond Brown E. R. "Predicting field performance on the NCAT pavement test track." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/POWELL_RAYMOND_1.pdf.
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Robb, Marshall. "Influences of anxiety on golf performance a field test of catastrophe theory /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4182.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 14, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Shivashanker, Mohan. "The Development of Hardware Multi-core Test-bed on Field Programmable Gate Array." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/395.
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The goal of this project is to develop a flexible multi-core hardware test-bed on field programmable gate array (FPGA) that can be used to effectively validate the theoretical research on multi-core computing, especially for the power/thermal aware computing. Based on a commercial FPGA test platform, i.e. Xilinx Virtex5 XUPV5 LX110T, we develop a homogeneous multi-core test-bed with four software cores, each of which can dynamically adjust its performance using software. We also enhance the operating system support for this test platform with the development of hardware and software primitives that are useful in dealing with inter-process communication, synchronization, and scheduling for processes on multiple cores. An application based on matrix addition and multiplication on multi-core is implemented to validate the applicability of the test bed.
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Harris, Jonathan McKinley Stroud Charles E. "Built-in self-test configurations for field programmable gate array cores in systems-on-chip." Auburn, Ala., 2004. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2004/FALL/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering/Thesis/harri34_43_msthesisjharrisF04.pdf.
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Voth, Nicholas. "Validity of a Field-Based Critical Velocity Test on Predicting 5,000-Meter Running Performance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu155838890107422.
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Salour, Farhad. "Moisture Influence on Structural Behaviour of Pavements : Field and Laboratory Investigations." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-162076.
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The structural behaviour of pavements in cold regions can considerably be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. Along with the destructive effect of heavy traffic loads, climatic and environmental factors can considerably contribute to pavement deterioration. These factors can influence the structural and functional capacity of the pavement structures which, as a result, can trigger and accelerate pavement deterioration mechanisms. Studies on the influence of variation of the environmental factors on the response and behaviour of pavement materials have shown that proper consideration to these factors must be given in realistic pavement design and analysis. In flexible pavement structures, particularly with a thin hot mix asphalt (HMA) layer, unbound materials and subgrade soil largely contribute to the overall structural behaviour of the pavement system. In unbound materials, moisture content and its variation can significantly affect pavement layer stiffness and permanent deformation characteristics. Therefore, the moisture condition of pavements and its influence on the mechanical behaviour of pavement materials has been of interest among the pavement research community. A proper understanding of moisture transformation in pavement systems and its effects on pavement performance are important for mechanistic pavement design. The present summary of this doctoral thesis is based on four main parts. The first part of the thesis covers field measurements and findings from a test section along county road 126 in southern Sweden and consists of two journal papers (paper I and II) tackling different aspects of the research topic. This test section is located in a relatively wet ground condition and consists of a thin flexible pavement structure with a deep drainage system. It is instrumented with subsurface temperature, volumetric moisture content and groundwater probes. The mechanical response of the pavement structure was investigated using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurements. The second part of the thesis (paper III and IV) are based on laboratory experiments and investigates different recent approaches that have been proposed to apply principles of unsaturated soil mechanics for incorporating seasonal variation of moisture content into the resilient modulus models using matric suction. The third part of the thesis (paper V) builds a bridge that spans between the laboratory and field investigations with an attempt to evaluate one of the predictive models presented in Paper III. The fourth part of the thesis (paper VI) mainly focuses on the laboratory-based investigation of the permanent deformation characteristic of subgrade soils. In this part, the permanent deformation characteristics of two different silty sand subgrade soils were investigated and modelled using the data obtained from repeated load traxial tests. Paper I mainly focuses on the spring-thaw weakening of the pavement structure. The environmental data collected using different sensors and the FWD tests were used to investigate variations in moisture content with thaw penetration and its influence on the stiffness of unbound layers and the pavement’s overall bearing capacity. Using the backcalculated layer stiffness and corresponding in situ moisture measurements in the unbound layers, a degree of saturation-based moisture-stiffness model was developed for the granular material and the subgrade. In Paper II, the drainage system of the structure was manually clogged during a three month period in summer to raise the groundwater level and increase the moisture content of the layers. Along with the subsurface groundwater level and moisture content monitoring, the structural response of the pavement was studied. In this research work, the FWD tests were conducted at three different load levels. The stress dependent behaviour of the unbound granular layer and the subgrade soil were further studied using the multilevel loads FWD test data. Additionally, parameters of a nonlinear stress-dependent stiffness model were backcalculated and their sensitivity to in situ moisture content was studied. In Paper III and IV, series of suction-controlled repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests were conducted on two silty sand (SM) subgrade materials. Several resilient modulus prediction models that account for seasonal moisture content variation through matric suction were summarized and after optimizing the model parameters, the capability of the prediction models in capturing the material response were evaluated. In Paper V, an attempt was made to evaluate the proficiency of one of the suction-resilient modulus models using the field moisture content and FWD measurements from the Torpsbruk test site. The backcalculated subgrade stiffness dataset at different moisture contents were compared with resilient modulus models obtained from the suction-resilient modulus predictive model. Paper VI presents an evaluation of several permanent deformation models for unbound pavement materials that incorporate the time-hardening concept using a series of multistage repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests conducted on silty sand subgrade materials. The permanent deformation tests were conducted at four different moisture contents with pore suctions measurement throughout the test. The effect of moisture content (matric suction) on the permanent deformation characteristics of the materials and the predictive model parameters were further investigated.QC 20150324
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Boyce, Thomas E. "Effects of external contingencies on an actively caring behavior : a field test of intrinsic motivation theory /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020331/.
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Grönqvist, Oskar. "Field test of A-GPS on the SUPL platform and evaluation of hosted mapping services at TeliaSonera." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15526.
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There have been a number of methods proposed for increasing the precision of mobile positioning systems. One of the latest methods is Assisted GPS, A-GPS, on the Secure User Plane for Location, SUPL, platform, which seems to be a very interesting alternative from TeliaSoneras perspective, thanks to minimal infrastructural investment costs.
According to theory and lab testing A-GPS has the potential of providing a very good customer value in relation to the investment needed.
There is, however, a great need to see the performance when used in real user environments and with real user equipment. This is the basis for the choice of field testing as the method used in this thesis.
The result from the field tests conducted in this thesis shows that the performance of A-GPS is very good in outdoor environments, but when used in indoor environments, poor signal strength in combination with multipath and fading becomes a problem with low accuracy and long response times as a result.
Using a hosted mapping service, in combination with A-GPS, provides the possibilities of launching location based services even outside the home network. TeliaSonera had already found such a hosted mapping service that matched their compatibility, and reliability, requirements. This thesis investigates this hosted mapping service further and finds that the quality of the cartographic presentation of the map information is very poor.
The conclusion is that A-GPS performance, today, is limited by the hardware and algorithms used. If these are further adapted to indoor conditions, A-GPS has the potential of providing the customer value promised by the theoretical performance. For a successful launch of A-GPS services there is a great need of better cartographic presentation of map information, than what is currently is provided by the investigated hosted mapping service.
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van, der Horst Jason J. "Patterns of Student Curricular Experience in Psychology as Predictors of Performance on the ETS Major Field Test." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5278.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the relationship between student performance and their performance on the Major Field Test (MFT). The MFT purports to adequately assess student mastery and achievement in the college major, in this case psychology. The major advantages of the MFT over internally-created instruments are its standardized content, its established national norms, and its connection to the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). The MFT is the most widely used standardized test for learning outcomes assessment within psychology departments. The first hypothesis, that MFT scores are reflective of summary curricular values (i.e. GPA), was not supported when ACT composite scores are regressed out. ACT composite score by itself is predictive of MFT performance which casts doubt on its claim to be reflective of achievement in one’s college program. The results of the second hypothesis, regarding prediction of MFT scores from grades in specific courses within the major, provided positive support for the use of the MFT test. In this second analysis, we found higher multiple R-squared values for predicting MFT scores from specific course grades with R-squared values substantially stronger than the ACT bivariate regression of hypothesis 1. This helps to support the claim that the MFT measures specific achievement within one’s major. The results for the third hypothesis, prediction of MFT from particular mix of courses taken in the major, were somewhat supportive. Prediction of MFT scores was found to be strongest for the subscale area Perception and Physiology, and the strongest predictor of these scores (t value of 3.78) is student completion of the Brain, Behavior, and Cognition course group.
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Finnegan, Brian. "Estimating the Impact of Distance Education on Student Learning Outcomes Using the ETS Major Field Test in Business." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/164617.
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Educational AdministrationEd.D.
This study investigated the relationship between the proportion of coursework students complete in an online format absent traditional classroom interaction and their expected score on a standardized, content-driven achievement test, holding constant other factors expected to influence test scores, including demographic variables, major, and prior academic performance. The study's sample involved 817 undergraduate business majors at a small, specialized, private, not-for-profit U.S. institution of higher education and their performance on Educational Testing Service's Major Field Test in Business (MFT-B). Students in the sample chose course-by-course to take either a hybrid format that involved regular classroom meetings supplemented by online learning or an entirely asynchronous online course involving no face-to-face interaction. Learning outcomes, syllabi, assessments, duration and the pool of instructors were the same in both formats. This investigation was motivated by the changing role of distance education in higher education and the increasing fungibility of credits earned at a distance and those earned in a traditional, classroom-based context. The use of the MFT-B was motivated by the growing emphasis on student learning outcomes assessment and mounting demands for "accountability" in higher education. An ordinary least squares regression modeling MFT-B score as a function of proportion of credits completed at a distance, GPA, major, transfer credits, completion time, age, gender and ethnicity found proportion of study at a distance to have a strongly significant (p<.001), positive impact on expected MFT-B score. A logistic regression of likelihood of graduation as a function of those same variables found a strongly significant (p<.001) negative impact of study at a distance on retention to graduation.
Temple University--Theses
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Matheron, M. E., and J. C. Matejka. "Effect of Fungicides Applied at Different Rates on Control of Sclerotinia Leaf Drop of Lettuce -- 1990 Field Test." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221455.
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Leaf drop of lettuce, caused by the plant pathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, is found every year in some lettuce fields in Arizona. When environmental conditions are favorable, disease incidence and resulting crop loss can be significant. During the 1989 -90 lettuce season in western Arizona, different fungicides and rates of materials were evaluated in the field for disease control Ronilan and Rovral, the two fungicides currently registered for use on lettuce for control of Sclerotinia leaf drop, provided significant disease suppression and increased yields at all rates tested. Bravo and Botran did not control the disease.
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Matheron, M., J. McGrady, M. Butler, M. Rethwisch, J. Matejka, and P. Tilt. "Effect of Sunstainable Versus Conventional Fertilization Practices on Populations of Pythium and Fusarium on Roots of Lettuce in 1990 Field Test." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221453.
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This report focuses upon our efforts to evaluate the effect of sustainable versus conventional fertilization practices on subsequent populations of soil-borne pathogens on lettuce roots. The different fertilization treatments included conventional fertilizer, composted cow manure, and a biological soil conditioner. Near plant maturity, lettuce roots were collected from the field and the populations of Pythium and Fusarium were determined. The lowest population of both of these pathogens was found in the plots fertilized with composted cow manure, while the highest levels of Pythium and Fusarium were detected in the plots treated with conventional fertilizer. Further field studies are planned to confirm these initial findings. Of the two pathogens assayed, Pythium is of greatest concern because of its ability to destroy roots and reduce plant growth and vigor. Species of Fusarium are commonly found in soil and on plant roots and usually do not cause damage to plants unless the plants are under stress.
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Smagina, Zana. "Dynamic amplification for moving vehicle loads on buried pipes : Evaluation of field-tests." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36801.
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Ghaemi, Omid. "Collection and Examination of Lab Test and Field Performance Data on Friction and Polishing of Hot Mix Asphalt Surface." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1323290412.
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Haake, S. J. "Apparatus and test methods for measuring the impact of golf balls on turf and their application in the field." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15132/.
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An apparatus was developed to project spinning golf balls directly onto golf greens. This employed a modified baseball/practice machine with two counter-rotating pneumatic wheels. The speed of the wheels could be varied independently allowing backspin to be given to the ball. The ball was projected into a darkened enclosure where the motion of the ball before and after impacting with the turf was recorded using a still camera and a stroboscope. The resulting photographs contained successive images of the ball on a single frame of film. The apparatus was tested on eighteen golf courses resulting in 721 photographs of impacts. Statistical analysis was carried out on the results of the photographs and from this, two types of green emerged. On the first, the ball tended to rebound with topspin, while on the second, the ball retained backspin after impact if the initial backspin was greater than about 350 rads-1. Eleven tests were devised to determine the characteristics of greens and statistical techniques were used to analyse the relationships between these tests. These showed the effects of the green characteristics on ball/turf impacts. It was found that the ball retained backspin on greens that were freely drained and had less than 60% of Poa annua (annual meadow grass) in their swards. Visco-elastic models were used to simulate the impact of the ball with the turf. Impacts were simulated by considering the ball to be rigid and the turf to be a two layered system consisting of springs and dampers. The model showed good agreement with experiment and was used to simulate impacts from two different shots onto two contrasting types of green.
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Haake, Stephen John. "Apparatus and test methods for measuring the impact of golf balls on turf and their application in the field." Online version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.328447.
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Goode, Tommy. "A project on the field test of the City Core Initiative Community Roadmap Process in the Dallas, Texas city core." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Rémillard, Michel. "Effect of hybrids, plant populations, rates of fertilizer and irrigation on soil test levels, field and nutrient uptake with corn (Zea mays L.) in Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61270.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, plant population, rates of fertilization and irrigation in 1984 and 1985 on soil test levels, soil pH, yield and yield components as well as nutrient uptake.High rates of fertilization increased soil test P and K but decreased soil test Ca and Mg and soil pH. Irrigation decreased soil test K, Ca and Mg. In both years maximum grain yields (at 15.5% moisture) were obtained when all factors were at high levels. Hybrid Pioneer 3925 and and hybrid CO-OP 2645 produced a maximum yield of 11.9 and 15.2 Mg ha$ sp{-1}$ in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Increasing plant population alone increased grain yield from 9.6 to 10.4 Mg ha$ sp{-1}$ in 1984, bu increases in grain yield with high plant population in 1985 could only be obtained when high rate of nutrients and supplemental irrigation were applied.
Nutrient uptake was usually greater for hybrid 2645 than hybrid 3925 in 1985, and greater for hybrid 3925 than for hybrid 3949 in 1984. Increasing plant population, rate of fertilization as well as available soil moisture generally brought about greater nutrient uptake. Ear leaf nutrient concentration at silking time was influenced by these factors but the differences obtained were not agronomically significant.
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Neyroud, Peter William. "Learning to field test in policing : using an analysis of completed randomised controlled trials involving the police to develop a grounded theory on the factors contributing to high levels of treatment integrity in Police Field Experiments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268177.
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Evidence-based policing (EBP) has emerged as a key strand of police innovation since Sherman’s (1998) Police Foundation lecture. However, for others EBP raises as many questions as answers. One of the most contentious areas is the role advocated for randomised controlled trials in testing practice and developing knowledge to support EBP. RCTs are controversial with some scholars who argue that policing is not comparable to medicine and that RCTs are unable to reflect the complexity of the police role and context. Even those who advocate the use of RCTs recognise that there are significant challenges in achieving the high dosage and high fidelity that a successful experiment requires. This dissertation responds to these challenges by analysing the completed randomised controlled trials in policing and using a case study, Operation Turning Point, to identify the factors that may contribute to the conduct and management of police field trials with high levels of treatment integrity. In the introduction, Chapter 1, the approach is set out, framed around grounded theory, to be developed in four, linked, chapters. Chapter 2 is focused on understanding treatment integrity in RCTs involving the police: A search for police RCTs is produced 122 Police RCTs completed and reported by 2016. The levels of treatment integrity are analysed. 78 of the 122 RCTs exceeded a 60% threshold, with 49 being above 90%. In Chapter 3, a “novice theory” is developed and tested as an explanation for levels of treatment integrity in police randomised controlled trials: Analysis of the 122 RCTs suggests that “novice theory” can provide an explanation for the general patterns of treatment integrity. Further detailed analysis suggested that there are, however, other factors which may be important in determining the treatment integrity. These are developed in Chapter 4, which centres on a case study of Operation Turning Point. Using published case studies and an analysis of juvenile justice RCTs, a potential framework of operational factors is developed that appear to be important in effective conduct and management. The Turning Point case study is used to develop and expand on those operational factors. Finally, taking the two together, the analysis concluded that, beyond the operational factors, there were some more strategic, “protective factors” that were also critical. These are developed in Chapter 5, by using the coding and analysis of interviews with a sample of key staff involved in Turning Point Our analysis suggests that novice theory needs to be understood in the context of both the operational and protective factors that we have identified. Taken together these findings indicate the potential advantages of building institutional frameworks in which the development of practitioners and researchers and the conduct and management of experimental research could be brought closer together. We conclude with ten recommendations designed to improve the treatment integrity of police RCTs.
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Bossi, Arthur Henrique Souza Neto. "Variáveis laboratoriais, desempenho e pacing no ciclismo contra-relógio de 20 minutos realizado em subida." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5302.
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Para maior empregabilidade do protocolo de teste contra-relógio (CR) de 20 min em campo, é necessária a compreensão (1) de como o desempenho em percurso de subida se relaciona com as medidas laboratoriais típicas e (2) do perfil de pacing adotado. Separados por pelo menos 48 horas, 15 ciclistas moderadamente treinados, incluindo 1 do sexo feminino (30,8±4,8 anos; 176,5±8,0 cm; 78,9±14,5 kg; 56,1±7,7 ml.kg-1.min-1; média ± desvio padrão), realizaram inicialmente um teste anaeróbio Wingate, um teste de esforço incremental até a exaustão e um contrarelógio de campo por 20 min em percurso de subida com 2,7% de inclinação média. Após 5 semanas de treinamento não supervisionado, 10 dos 15 voluntários realizaram um segundo CR para comparação do pacing adotado. As regressões lineares múltiplas stepwise demonstraram que 91% da variação na potência média produzida no CR (W.kg-1) pode ser explicada pelo pico do consumo de oxigênio (ml.kg-1.min-1) e pelo ponto de compensação respiratória (W.kg-1), com coeficientes beta padronizados de 0,64 e 0,39 respectivamente. A realização do CR em aclive pressupõe um ajuste de 94,6% da potência média, de modo a aperfeiçoar a concordância com a potência referente ao ponto de compensação respiratória, em que o diagrama de Bland-Altman demonstrou um viés ± erro aleatório de 0,4±49,7 W ou -0,1±19,7 %. A ANOVA two-way (CR X tempo) para medidas repetidas revelou efeito principal dos intervalos de tempo (p < 0,001) na potência média produzida em cada trecho (122,2±10,0; 97,8±1,2 e 95,1±7,1% para os trechos 0-2, 2-18 e 18-20 min, respectivamente) caracterizando perfil de pacing positivo, tanto no primeiro, quanto no segundo teste (p = 0,116). Em conjunto, estas informações indicam que o protocolo de teste CR de 20 min realizado em subida, aparentemente, seja robusto para monitorar o desempenho de ciclistas de diferentes níveis competitivos. Entretanto, novos estudos mais específicos são importantes para confirmar a reprodutibilidade do desempenho e para verificar a influência do feedback instantâneo da potência produzida.
For a wider applicability of the 20-min time trial (TT) testing protocol in field, it is necessary to understand (1) how performance in an uphill course relates with typical laboratory measures and (2) the pacing profile adopted. Separated by at least 48 hours, 15 moderately trained cyclists, including 1 female (30.8±4.8 years; 176.5±8.0 cm; 78.9±14.5 kg; 56.1±7.7 ml.kg-1.min-1; mean ± standard deviation), initially performed a Wingate anaerobic test, a graded exercise test to exhaustion and a 20-min field time trial in a 2.7% gradient uphill course. After 5 weeks of nonsupervised training, 10 from 15 volunteers performed a second TT for comparison of the pacing adopted. Stepwise multiple linear regressions demonstrated that 91% of TT mean power output variation (W.kg-1) can be explained by peak oxygen consumption (ml.kg-1.min-1) and respiratory compensation point (W.kg-1), with standardized beta coefficients of 0.64 and 0.39 respectively. Performing TT on ascents premises a 94.6% mean power output adjustment in order to improve the agreement with respiratory compensation point power output, which Bland-Altman plot showed a bias ± random error of 0.4±49.7 W or -0.1±19.7 %. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA (TT X time) revealed a main effect of the time intervals (p < 0.001) on the power output of each portion (122.2±10.0; 97.8±1.2 e 95.1±7.1% for the portions 0-2, 2-18 e 18-20 min, respectively) characterizing a positive pacing profile, either in the first and in the second test (p = 0.116). Together, this information indicates that the 20-min TT testing protocol performed on ascent is apparently robust for performance monitoring of different competitive level cyclists. However, more specific new studies are important to confirm performance reproducibility and to verify the influence of power output instant feedback.
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PANTANELLA, LAURA. "Strumenti per la valutazione dell’attenzione sul campo di calcio ed esercizi allenanti delle abilità attentive in età evolutiva." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209218.
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The existing literature clearly shows the high attention level requested by any sports activities. Both in so called “open skill” and “closed skill” disciplines, the athlete has to use a flexible attention to face continuous and fast environmental changes, and the numerous information arriving both from inside and outside himself. The success of an athlete’s action strongly depends on his accurate management of the attention processes, based on the correct and quick information collection and processing.
Especially in “open skill” disciplines, and in particular in football, it’s evident in literature the importance of anticipation, accompanied by a short time analysis, for the accomplishment of a successful performance.
The purpose of the research is the design and experimental set-up of original on-field tests for attention assessment, and the following design and experimental evaluation of original attention training circuits for young football players.
Method
Most of the available tests for the attention evaluation in football are lab-tests in “off task” conditions. The need for “on task” tests is nearly unanimously indicated by football scientists as extremely important for a more reliable data collection and a deeper attention mechanisms comprehension. The difficulty of those on-field tests is highlighted as well, due to the given incertitude of the football pitch.
The experimental activity has been organised in two phases (experimental phase 1 – on-field tests for attention in football; experimental phase 2 – attention training in football) with the design of original tests for both attention assessment and attention training, in collaboration with football experts, sport psychologists, motor scientists, pedagogues.
Results
The proposed on-field attention tests validity and reliability has been statistically analyzed. The tests have demonstrated their statistical validity. The level of validity has been investigated with the ICC – Intra-class Coefficient of Correlation. The availability of valid and reliable tests for the on-field attention assessment has allowed the set-up of the on-field experimental phase on attention training for young football players. Specific on-field activities have been designed for the attention abilities training in collaboration with football experts, sport psychologists, motor scientists, pedagogues.
The statistical analysis of the experimental group, compared versus the control group, has shown an improvement in response time, and in qualitative aspects too. Where qualitative aspects have been related to the technical action execution.
Conclusion
The research has shown, at experimental level, the possibility of assessing the attention level of young football players through original on-field tests. It has been also shown the possibility of attention training of young football players through on-field original exercises.
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Echols, Brandi Shontia. "Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326.
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This research was divided into four objectives for assessing the impacts of coal mining on ecosystem health. The first objective was to provide an ecotoxicological assessment in the upper Clinch River using standard bioassessment techniques. Analysis of sediments and interstitial water (porewater) indicate higher concentrations of trace metals in samples from sites located above both a power plant (CRP) and Dumps Creek mining influences. The furthest sampling site located near Pounding Mill, Virginia (CR-PM) had higher concentrations of aluminum (2,250.9 mg/kg), copper (5.9 mg/kg) and iron (12,322.6 mg/kg) compared to samples collected directly below the Dumps Creek confluence (site CR-2). Similar results were obtained from bioaccumulation in-situ tests with the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) in 2009. Aluminum (7.81 mg/kg), Fe (48.25 mg/kg) and Zn (7.69 mg/kg) were accumulated in higher concentrations at CR-PM site than CR-2. However, the site located below the CRP effluent discharges (CR-3L) on the left bank had substantially higher concentrations of Al (14.19 mg/kg), Cu (6.78 mg/kg), Fe (88.78 mg/kg) and Zn (7.75 mg/kg) than both CR-PM and samples collected directly opposite of this site at CR-3R.
To further understand the potential impact active mining on the Clinch River, a more comprehensive ecotoxicological evaluation was conducting in the Dumps Creek subwatershed. Field bioassessments determined that biological impairment occurred directly below a deep mine discharge (CBP 001), which was characterized by a distinct hydrogen sulfide odor. Total abundance and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates decreased to 3.5-20 and 1.25-2.3, respectively at DC-1 Dn. The discharge also caused the proliferation of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix nivea. During continuous discharge of the effluent, the bacteria was observed coating all surfaces at DC-1 Dn and may also contribute to an Fe-encrusted biofilm observed on in-situ clams at downstream site, DC-2 Dn. Toxicity tests with mining effluents indicate some potential toxicity of the 001 discharge, but this was variable between test organisms.
Selecting the most appropriate test species for sediment and water column assays has been a primary goal for ecotoxicologists. Standard test organisms and established test guidelines exist, but US EPA recommended species may not be the most sensitive organisms to anthropogenic inputs. Therefore, Chapter Three and Four addressed the use of mayflies in routine laboratory testing. Preliminary results of toxicity tests with the mayfly, Isonychia sp. (Ephemeroptera) suggested that Isonychia were moderately sensitive to NaCl after 96-hr with an average LC50 value of 3.10 g NaCl/L. When exposed to a coal-mine processed effluent, Isonychia generated LC50 values that ranged from 13 to 39% effluent and were more sensitive to the effluent than Ceriodaphnia dubia. Based on results of the feasibility study in presented in Chapter Four, field collected organisms appear to be too unpredictable in test responses and therefore, such tests would be unreliable as stand-alone indicators of effluent toxicity.Ph. D.
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Fechner, Lutz [Verfasser], and Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Moshammer. "High resolution experiments on strong-field ionization of atoms and molecules: test of tunneling theory, the role of doubly excited states, and channel-selective electron spectra / Lutz Fechner ; Betreuer: Robert Moshammer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1180033167/34.
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CASTRO, DANIELA CARIJO DE. "FIELD AND LABORATORY PULL-OUT TESTS ON GEOGRIDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1251@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA técnica de reforço de solo por inclusão de materiais geossintéticos vem se consolidando de forma acelerada em todo o mundo, com aplicações diretas em estabilização de encostas e de aterros sobre solos moles. A utilização de geogrelhas como elemento de reforço apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora, embora ainda pouco difundida no Brasil. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos avaliar a resistência ao arrancamento de diferentes tipos de geogrelhas e analisar os mecanismos de interação entre solo e geogrelha. Para tal, foi realizado um extenso programa de ensaios de arrancamento no laboratório e no campo. Os equipamentos utilizados, a preparação das amostras e as metodologias dos ensaios estão apresentados em detalhe. Os ensaios de arrancamento no campo utilizaram uma estrutura de reação fixa, específica para ensaios de arrancamento de grandes dimensões, e foram realizados no campo experimental da PUC-Rio, em Jacarepaguá. Nestes ensaios, três tipos de geogrelhas foram utilizadas para o arrancamento em aterros de solo arenoso e solo residual. Os ensaios de arrancamento no laboratório foram executados em uma caixa de arrancamento cúbica de grandes dimensões (1m de aresta), no Laboratório de Geotecnia do CEDEX, na Espanha. No programa experimental no laboratório, foram utilizados os mesmos tipos de geogrelhas e de solos, de modo a facilitar as comparações e análises dos resultados. As influências do tipo de geogrelha, do tipo de solo, da tensão confinante e dos procedimentos de ensaioforam analisadas em detalhe no que se refere à rigidez e à resistência ao arrancamento das geogrelhas.
The technique of soil reinforcement by inclusion of geosynthetics has been subject to significant development worldwide, with direct applications in slope stabilization and earthfills over soft deposits. The use of geogrids as a soil reinforcement element is an attractive alternative, although still with very little application in Brazil. This work presents the results of an investigation into soil- geogrid interaction by means of pull-out tests. Both field and laboratory pull-out tests were carried out in order not only to make clear the pull-out mechanism but also to determine the parameters for design and analysis of reinforced soil structures. The testing equipments, specimen preparation and testing procedures are described in detail. The field pull-out tests were performed with three different types of geogrids in a research area in Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro. Sandy and residual soil surcharge fills of 0,5 to 2m in height were used. Details of the anchored reaction structure are also presented. The laboratory pull-out tests were performed in the geotechnical laboratory at CEDEX, in Spain, with the same types of geogrids and soils. Details of the cubical pull-out box (1m in dimensions) are presented. The influence of the type of geogrid, type of soil, confining pressure and tests procedures on the pull-out stiffness and resistance of the geogrids are discussed by analysing the results of the experimental program.
La técnica de refuerzo del suelo por inclusión de materiales geosintéticos se ha consolidado de forma acelerada en todo el mundo. La utilización de geochapas como elemento de refuerzo se presenta como una alternativa promisora, aunque poco difundida en Brasil. Este trabajo tiene por objetivos evaluar la resistencia al arrancamento de diferentes tipos de geogrelhas y analizar los mecanismos de interacción entre suelo y geochapa. Para tal, se realizó un extenso programa de ensayos de arrancamento en el laboratorio y en el campo. Los equipos utilizados, la preparación de las muestras y las metodologías de los ensayos están descritos detalladamente. Los ensayos de arrancamento en el campo utilizaron una extructura de reacción fija, específica para ensayos de arrancamento de grandes dimensiones, y fueron realizados en el campo experimental de la PUC-Rio, en Jacarepaguá. En estos ensayos, se utilizaron tres tipos de geogrelhas para el arrancamento en aterros de suelo arenoso y suelo residual. Los ensayos de arrancamento en el laboratorio fueron ejecutados en una caja de arrancamento cúbica de grandes dimensiones (1m de arista), en el Laboratorio de Geotecnia del CEDEX, España. En el programa experimental en laboratorio, se utilizaron los mismos tipos de geogrelhas y de suelos, de modo que facilitara las comparaciones y análisis de los resultados. Las influencias del tipo de geochapa, del tipo de suelo, de la tensión confinante y de los procedimentos de ensayo se analizaron detalladamente.
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Godding, Sara J. (Sara Jean) 1977. "Field tests on a personal mobility aid for the elderly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17478.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
The number of elderly Americans is currently rising and will continue to do so. These elderly individuals face several problems in the later years of their lives including the move into an eldercare facility. Personal mobility and monitoring aids are being developed to assist the elderly with this transition. One of these devices is the Personal Aid for Mobility and Monitoring (PAMM). PAMM is in the beginning stages of its development in the MIT Mechanical Engineering Field and Space Robotics Laboratory with an initial prototype recently constructed. This prototype was tested with many residents at an eldercare facility. Several conclusions about the control, ergonomics and overall user acceptance of the device were made. The PAMM prototype was changed accordingly and recommendations for future work are provided.
by Sara J. Godding.
S.B.
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Prince, Robert T. "Evaluation of Field Tests Performed on an Aluminum Deck Bridge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36719.
Full textAbstract:
Studies have shown that over 30 percent of the bridges in the United States are structurally deficient, and/or over 50 years old. The majority of the highway bridges have reinforced concrete decks supported on steel or concrete girders. Over the years, weathering and deicing chemicals have caused spalling of the concrete surrounding the reinforcing steel, deteriorating many bridges to levels that often result in closure. Repairing or reconstructing the reinforced concrete deck to meet current design specifications is often not possible or feasible, and at times seems illogical due to the possibility of reoccurrence. Because of reinforced concrete's downfalls, there is a move toward alternative materials and designs for bridge deck replacements. In particular, Reynolds Metals Company has lead the movement toward the use of a shop-extruded aluminum deck system known as ALUMADECKTM.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate data collected from full-scale testing under test truck loading of an in-service ALUMADECK bridge system. The bridge is known as the Little Buffalo Creek Bridge and is located in Mecklenburg County, VA. The topics researched from the load tests are the composite action amongst the deck and supporting members, the load distribution amongst supporting members, the dynamic load allowance for supporting members, and the developed deck stresses due to test truck loads. Evaluations of the research topics include comparisons to the methods employed in the design calculations provided by VDOT and to those of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design specifications.Master of Science
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Sunwoo, John Stroud Charles E. "Built-In Self-Test of programmable resources in microcontroller based System-on-Chips." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/SUNWOO_JOHN_31.pdf.
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FONTES, ALLYSSANDRUS ELSON BARROS. "FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS ON THE BACKFILL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL TIRE RETAINING WALL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1932@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER
Este trabalho consiste na determinação de parâmetros de deformabilidade e resistência do solo do retro-aterro do muro experimental de pneus, localizado em Jacarepaguá (Rio de Janeiro). O muro experimental de pneus possui quatro seções, das quais foram escolhidas duas para realização dos ensaios de campo e para extração dos blocos indeformados. Foram realizados ensaios dilatométricos e pressiométricos no campo, e ensaios de caracterização, adensamento e resistência ao cisalhamento no laboratório. O programa de ensaios de cisalhamento no laboratório consistiu de cisalhamento direto com corpo de prova na umidade natural e submersos, ensaios triaxiais convencionais e ensaios triaxiais com trajetória de tensão especiais. Uma descrição detalhada das metodologias de execução e interpretação dos ensaios está apresentada neste trabalho, juntamente com uma discussão dos resultados obtidos. Em particular, a discussão enfocou os valores de tensões in situ (coeficiente de empuxo k0) e dos módulos de deformabilidade (módulo de Young, coeficiente de Poisson, módulo cisalhante, dentre outros). As características de resistências também foram analisadas, considerando-se o solo com a umidade natural ou na condição de saturação total. Como principais conclusões, pode-se ressaltar que o material compactado apresenta-se como levemente pré- adensado, com valores de OCR menores que 2 e k0 da ordem de 0,68 a 0,70.
This thesis consists of a study of stress-strain-strength behavior of the compacted embankment constructed behind the experimental tire wall located in Jacarepagua (Rio de Janeiro). The experimental wall has four sections with differet characteristics. From these, two were chosen for the field tests and for extraction of undisturbed samples. Dilatometer and pressuremeter were accomplished in the field, together with characterization, consolidation and shear resistance tests in the laboratory. The experimental program in the laboratory consisted of direct shear on specimens with natural moisture content and submerged conditions. Conventional triaxial test and special stress path tests were also performed under drained conditions. Detailed description of the methodology and interpretation of all tests are presented in this work, together with a discussion of the results. In particular, the discussion focussed on the values of in situ stresses (coefficient of lateral stress at rest) and of the stress-strain modulus (Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, shear modulus). The shear strength characteristics were also analyzed, considering both natural humidity and totally saturated specimens. From the most significant conclusions, it can be pointed out that the compacted material was shown to be slightly overconsolidated, with values of OCR smaller than 2 and k0 in of the order of 0,68 to 0,70. The differences between field and laboratory values are also discussed in the thesis.
Este trabajo consiste en la determinación de los parámetros de deformabilidad y resistencia del suelo del terraplenado del muro experimental de neumáticos, localizado en Jacarepaguá (Rio de Janeiro). EL muro experimental de neumáticos posee cuatro secciones, de las cuales fueron seleccionadas dos para la realización de los ensayos de campo y para la extracción de los bloques no deformados. Fueron realizados ensayos dilatométricos y presiométricos en campo, y ensayos de caracterización, adensamiento y resistencia al cizallamiento en el laboratório. EL programa de ensayos de cizallamiento en el laboratorio consistió de cizallamiento directo con cuerpo de prueba en la humedad natural y sumergidos, ensayos triaxiales convencionales y ensayos triaxiales con trayectoria de tensión especial. Em este trabajo se presenta una descripción detallada de las metodologías de ejecución e interpretación de los ensayos, conjuntamente con una discusión de los resultados obtenidos. En particular, la discusión enfocó los valores de tensiones in situ (coeficiente de empuje k0) y de los módulos de deformabilidad (módulo de Yong, coeficiente de Poison, módulo cizallante, dentre otros). Las características de resistencia también fueron analizadas, considerando el suelo con la humedad natural o en la condición de saturación total. Como principales conclusiones se puede resaltar que el material compactado está levemente preadensado, con valores de OCR menores que 2 y k0 del órden de 0,68 la 0,70.
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Gautam, Tej P. "An Investigation of Disintegration Behavior of Mudrocks Based on Laboratory and Field Tests." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1352922708.
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Clouser, James T. "An evaluative report of a field tested curriculum based on the text Keep your eyes on the prize." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Akhavan, Bloorchian Azadeh. "EFFECT OF MAJOR FACTORS ON BIOSWALE PERFORMANCE AND HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES FOR THE CONTROL OF STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM HIGHWAYS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1531.
Full textAbstract:
Highways and roadways are the major source of stormwater runoff due to their prevalence and large non-permeable surface area. Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as bioswale provide effective on-site management and control of stormwater runoff from linear infrastructure such as highways. Many factors affect the performance of bioswales for stormwater volume reduction. The ratio of the installed BMP area to its service drainage area, characteristics of precipitation and the amount of sediment build-up over the surface of the BMP area are among the most important factors. Earlier studies have indicated that volume reductions in stormwater runoff from bioswale application range from 50% to 94%. However, the reported research lacks adequate information for a full understanding of how bioswales perform under various conditions. Consequently, additional systematic and in-depth research to better understand and the potential of bioswales as a method of controlling stormwater runoff is indicated. This research examined the effect of the following factors on bioswale performance: the ratio of the BMP area to the service drainage area, precipitation amounts and intensity, and sediment build-up. Hydraulic and hydrological processes were developed and analyzed through conceptual and physical models using appropriate governing equations including the Green-Ampt method. Field study of discrete rainfall events was conducted to collect information to calibrate and validate the numerical models. The field study tested various bioswale conditions with different levels of sediment accumulation. It also considered expected soil loss in the study area using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method. In addition to field study, extensive simulations were conducted considering various contributing areas, rainfall depth and intensity, and sediment accumulation. These variables were manipulated to evaluate their effect on runoff volume reduction. Findings indicate that, for a given rainfall depth and duration, increasing the ratio of the BMP area to the service drainage area from 4% to16% results in increased bioswale efficiency ranging from 84% to 99%. The results revealed that input flowrate to the bioswale ranged from 0.04 to 4.7 in./min. depending on the rainfall intensity and soil type in the area. The runoff reduction performance of a newly constructed bioswale ranged from 44% for the highest input flowrate to 99% for the lowest input flowrate rainfall events. On the low end of rainfall volume/intensity, a 4% increase in the BMP area ratio results in a 34% improvement in efficiency (50% to 84%). On the high end of rainfall volume/intensity, a 16% increase in the area ratio results in only a 5% increase in efficiency (94% to 99%). Results also show that sediment accumulation has a substantial negative effect on infiltration rate. The observed efficiency of a bioswale in runoff reduction ranged from 13% to 100%. According to the USLE, the expected amount of soil loss occurring in the right-of-way area of a highway is approximately 1 ton/acre annually. The research revealed that for a given rainfall depth, duration, and area ratio; increasing the amount of sediment accumulation from 0 lbs./sq. ft. (equivalent to a newly constructed bioswale) to 2.7 lbs./sq. ft. (equivalent to a 10-year old bioswale) results in a 52% reduction in the runoff effectiveness of the bioswale sub-catchment from 98% to 46%. Finally, the physical model and associated governing equations were analyzed to describe the process of each studied factor. These results can be used for further study where the sediment accumulation rates differ from those modeled in this research.
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Blanton, Elizabeth Lynn. "THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS'COGNITIVE STYLE ON A STANDARDIZED READING TEST ADMINISTERED IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4483.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the means of scores on three forms of a standardized reading comprehension test taken by community college students in developmental reading classes. The three forms of the test were administered as a timed multiple-choice test, a constructed response test, and an un-timed multiple-choice test. Scores on the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) were used to classify the students who participated in the study as having field dependent (LOW GEFT), mid-field dependent/independent (MID GEFT), or field independent (HIGH GEFT) tendencies. The paired samples test was used to analyze the scores among the students classified as LOW GEFT, MID GEFT, and HIGH GEFT for mean differences in scores on the three test formats. The data revealed that for LOW GEFT students, the format of the test impacted their scores, with the mean of the scores of the un-timed multiple-choice test being significantly higher than the timed multiple-choice test and the constructed response format. The data also showed that for the MID GEFT students the mean of the scores for the un-timed multiple-choice test was significantly higher than the means for the timed multiple-choice test scores and the constructed response test scores. However, no significant mean difference was found between the timed multiple-choice test scores and the constructed response test scores. For the HIGH GEFT students, significant mean difference existed only between the un-timed multiple-choice and the timed multiple- choice scores. The means of reading comprehension test scores on the three formats between the LOW GEFT, MID GEFT, and HIGH GEFT students indicated significant mean difference between the timed multiple choice test scores but not between the means of the scores for the constructed response and the un-timed multiple-choice test scores. Demographically, when the means of the reading test scores were analyzed with ethnicity as the controlling variable, the Hispanic students had a significantly higher mean on the scores for the constructed response test format. No other significant mean differences were found between the scores of the African American, Caucasian, Hispanic, or Native American students. When the means of the reading test scores were analyzed with gender as the controlling variable, no significant mean difference was found between the reading comprehension scores of the men and women. This study indicated that cognitive style had more impact on students' performance on a standardized test of reading comprehension than did ethnicity or gender. The un-timed multiple-choice format also had an equalizing effect on the means of the scores for these students.Ed.D.
Department of Graduate Studies and Research
Education
Graduate Studies and Research
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LaVenia, Mark. "Mathematics Formative Assessment System| Testing the theory of action based on the results of a randomized field trial." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10161262.
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The purpose of the current study was to test the theory of action hypothesized for the Mathematics Formative Assessment System (MFAS) based on results from a large-scale randomized field trial. Using a multilevel structural equation modeling analytic approach with multiple latent response variables decomposed across student, teacher, and school levels of clustering, the current study found evidence of effects of MFAS that were consistent with the MFAS theory of action. First, assignment to the treatment condition was associated with higher mean student mathematics performance and a higher prevalence of small group instruction compared to schools assigned to the control condition—both of which are outcomes hypothesized to result from MFAS use. Also, a positive association between teacher-level mathematics knowledge for teaching and student mathematics performance was found in the current study, which is consistent with the interrelation of constructs specified in the MFAS theory of action. However, evidence of the particular linkages of MFAS use→teacher knowledge→classroom practice→student mathematics performance and the putative cascade of effects that would substantiate the mechanisms of change posited in the MFAS theory of action were not detected in the current study. Thus, positive effects of MFAS on teacher and student outcomes were substantiated; however, as to how the effects of MFAS on teachers transfer to improved outcomes for students remains to be empirically demonstrated. Based on my review of the results from the current study and consideration of the literature on formative assessment as it relates to the design of MFAS tasks and rubrics, I discuss a proposed modification to the theory of action that specifies the addition of a direct path from MFAS use to student mathematics performance, in addition to the indirect path currently specified.
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Cheung, Kwai Wah. "Large-scale laboratory and in-situ field tests on cemented rubber chips (rubber-soil) as pavement sub-base /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202003%20CHEUNG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-216). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Young, Richard. "Field tests of impacts of intraguild predation on a mammalian prey population : the badger Meles meles and hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427462.
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Tevera, Tapiwa. "Evaluation of corrosion behaviour of hot dip Zn and Zn-Al alloy coatings on steel wire using laboratory and field tests." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13367.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.The use of galvanised coatings on steel for structural ropes, bundles and wires has become standard practice as unprotected steel is prone to corrosion degradation. Galvanised coatings increase the service lifespan of steel by providing barrier and cathodic corrosion protection. Zinc (Zn) and zinc-aluminium (Zn-Al) alloys are the most commonly used metallic coatings on steel wire. Zn-Al coatings outperform Zn coatings, most notably in marine environments, as they combine the highly insulating oxide film associated with Al corrosion and the cathodic protection of Zn to the underlying steel.
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Silber, Yvonne Beata, and N/A. "The acute side effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on simulated driving performance, cognitive functioning, brain activity, and the standardised field sobriety tests." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070319.105603.
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Recently there has been an increase in awareness of the role of drugs other than alcohol in the causation of road accidents and deaths, with the most recent report indicating that 33% of all Victorian (Australia) road fatalities are drug (other than alcohol) related (TAC,
2006). Currently in Victoria, one of the classes of drugs reported to be of most concern is
the amphetamines. The epidemiological driving literature highlights a possible association between amphetamine use and road crashes. However, since the cognitive research generally indicates cognitive enhancing properties following amphetamine consumption, it remains unclear how amphetamines may be related to adverse driving. The present thesis was designed to explore this issue.
In response to the increasing number of drug-related road fatalities, the Standardised Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs), designed and validated for the detection and assessment of
impairment associated with alcohol intoxication, are currently being employed by the
Victoria Police (Australia) for the identification of driving impairment associated with
drugs other than alcohol. The present thesis was designed to evaluate whether the SFSTs
are a sensitive measure for identifying impairment associated with a single acute
therapeutic amphetamine dose. Furthermore, the accuracy of using the SFSTs to detect
driving impairment associated with these amphetamine doses was also evaluated.
The present thesis examined the effects of a single acute therapeutic dose of various
amphetamine preparations, on simulated driving performance, driving-related cognitive
processes (assessed using standard cognitive tasks and the electroencephalogram [EEG]),
and performance on the SFSTs, in healthy, stimulant-using, non-fatigued adults. The
present thesis consisted of five separate experiments. The first three experiments examined the effects of d-amphetamine, d,l-methamphetamine, and d-methamphetamine, on simulated driving performance, driving-related cognitive processes, and performance on the SFSTs. Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 assessed the effects of d-amphetamine and dmethamphetamine on visual and auditory cognitive processes using the EEG. These forms of amphetamines were selected as they are commonly used recreationally by young adult drivers, and occupationally by truck drivers.
Experiment 1, Experiment 2, and Experiment 3 employed a repeated-measures, counterbalanced, double blind, placebo-controlled design. In each experiment, twenty different (i.e. 60 participants in total) healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) completed two treatment conditions i) placebo and ii) 0.42mg/kg amphetamine (~30mg). Driving performance was assessed using a driving simulator task, which consisted of four driving tasks; �freeway traffic driving� and �city traffic driving� in both day and night conditions.
Cognitive performance was assessed using a range of computer and pen and paper tasks
designed to assess attention, psychomotor performance, and perceptual speed. Specifically, the tasks were: the Digit Span Test; a Digit Vigilance task; a Movement Estimation Task; the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; a Tracking Task; the Trail-Making Test; and the Inspection Time task. SFSTs performance was assessed using the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test, the Walk and Turn (WAT) test, and the One Leg Stand (OLS) test. Three blood and saliva samples were obtained throughout all experimental sessions (120, 170, and 240 minutes after drug administration).
The results indicated that 0.42mg/kg d-amphetamine significantly impaired simulated
driving performance, in recreational stimulant users, 2-3 hours post-drug administration,
when mean blood amphetamine concentrations were approximately 90ng/mL. No
significant driving decrements were observed following d,l-methamphetamine or dmethamphetamine, when methamphetamine blood concentrations were 90ng/mL and
70ng/mL, respectively. There were only few driving behaviours that were found to be
significantly reduced with d-amphetamine, such as reductions in signalling adherence and
driving too fast for the traffic conditions. However, during all three amphetamine
conditions, drivers travelled at a slower speed on the freeway at the time that an emergency situation occurred, relative to the placebo condition. It was argued that either this may result from more cautious driving, or that the reduction in speed acted as a compensatory mechanism to permit drivers to attend to other aspects of driving. Overall, the present results indicate that a therapeutic dose of amphetamine does not produce considerable impairment to driving, as only minimal amphetamine effects were observed on driving performance.
In terms of cognitive performance, the results indicated that a therapeutic dose of various
amphetamines has minimal effect on driving-related cognitive functioning, with some
significant improvements noted in aspects of attention, psychomotor functioning and
perceptual speed. This is consistent with the failure to identify significant driving
impairments, described above, following a similar dose. However, the ability to perceive
and predict motion and estimate �time to contact�, assessed using a movement estimation
task, was affected following d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine consumption.
In terms of performance on the SFSTs, the present thesis demonstrated that following the
administration of low-level d-amphetamine, d,l-methamphetamine, and dmethamphetamine, performance on the SFSTs was not impaired. Using the SFSTs,
impairment associated with low dose d-amphetamine was identified in only 5% of cases, dmethamphetamine in 5% of cases, and d,l-methamphetamine in 0% of cases. These
findings indicate that the degree of impairment produced with the low amphetamine dosing conditions was below the threshold of sensitivity of the SFSTs. However, as significant impairments in driving were not observed with amphetamines, the present SFSTs findings highlight that these tests are unlikely to produce false positive results during police drug evaluation procedures for amphetamine-related impairments.
Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 similarly employed a repeated-measures, counterbalanced, double blind, placebo-controlled design. In each experiment, twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) completed two treatment conditions i) placebo and ii) 0.42mg/kg amphetamine (~30mg). Tasks designed to assess visual and auditory cognitive functions relevant to driving were administered. Specifically, these processes were: divergent visual system pathways (magnocellular and parvocellular pathways); aspects of visual field processing (central and peripheral visual fields); mismatch negativity (MMN); prepulse inhibition (PPI); selective attention; resource allocation; and speed of processing. Two blood and saliva samples were obtained throughout all experimental session (120 and 200 minutes after drug administration).
d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine generally improved cognitive functioning, as
assessed with visual and auditory ERP indices. Specifically, the results demonstrated that a low-level acute dose of d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine improved early
processing of visual information (indexed by improvements to the P100 component for the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways). In addition, d-methamphetamine
improved the speed at which visual information was evaluated and processed (indexed by
decreases in P300 latency), which was consistent with d-methamphetamine-related
improvements in reaction time.
There was a trend for d-amphetamine to improve the speed
that changes in auditory stimulation were automatically detected (indexed by decreases in
MMN latency). In addition, d-methamphetamine improved the ability to automatically
�screen out� irrelevant and intrusive auditory information (indexed by increases in PPI of
the startle response). d-amphetamine was found to improve the speed at which auditory
information was evaluated and processed (indexed by decreases in P300 latency), which
was substantiated with corresponding improvements in reaction time and accuracy.
Although amphetamines were generally shown to enhance ERP indices, a trend was found for d-amphetamine to differentially affect different regions of the visual field, in terms of selective attention. Specifically, there was a trend-level indication that d-amphetamine improved indices of selective attention (denoted by increases in N200 amplitude) for information presented centrally, but impaired indices of selective attention (denoted by decreases in N200 amplitude) for information presented in the periphery. Although impairments to the peripheral visual field were not similarly observed with dmethamphetamine, decrements to indices of selective attention (denoted by decreases in
N200 amplitude) were also found with d-methamphetamine during the auditory oddball
task. In terms of driving, these results suggest that drivers dosed with low-level
amphetamine may not selectively attend to and discriminate changes within the traffic
environment, although further research is required to confirm this.
In conclusion, the present thesis has demonstrated that a single acute therapeutic dose of
amphetamine produces minimal and inconsistent effects to driving. However, some
(inconsistent) evidence was found that suggests that there may be mild impairments such
as decreased ability to perceive and predict motion, tunnel vision effects, and decrements
to selective attention. In addition, the present thesis highlights that at therapeutic doses,
amphetamines do not impair SFSTs performance, which is in accordance with the failure
to identify substantive amphetamine-related decrements to driving and cognitive
functioning observed in the present thesis.
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Silber, Yvonne Beata. "The acute side effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on simulated driving performance, cognitive functioning, brain activity, and the standardised field sobriety tests." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070319.105603/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Typescript. [Submitted for the degree of] Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-290).
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Banfi, Davide. "A field and laboratory study on the dynamic response of the Eddystone lighthouse to wave loading." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11607.
Full textAbstract:
Because little was known about how the masonry lighthouses constructed during the 19th century at exposed locations around the British Isles were responding to wave action, the dynamic response of the Eddystone lighthouse under wave impacts was investigated. Like other so called 'rock lighthouses', the Eddystone lighthouse was built on top of a steep reef at a site that is fully submerged at most states of the tide. Consequently, the structure is exposed to loading by unbroken, breaking and broken waves. When the breaking occurs, wave loading leads to complex phenomena that cannot be described theoretically due to the unknown mixture of air and water involved during the wave-structure interaction. In addition, breaking waves are generally distinguished from unbroken and broken wave due to the fact that they cause impulsive loads. As a consequence, the load effects on the structural response require a dynamic analysis. In this investigation the dynamic response of the Eddystone lighthouse is investigated both in the field and by means of a small-scale model mounted in a laboratory wave channel. In particular, field data obtained by the use of geophones, cameras and a wave buoy are presented together with wave loading information obtained during the laboratory tests under controlled conditions. More than 3000 structural events were recorded during the exceptional sequence of winter storms that hit the South-West of England in 2013/2014. The geophone signals, which provide the structural response in terms of velocity data, are differentiated and integrated in order to obtain accelerations and displacements respectively. Dynamic responses show different behaviours and higher structural frequencies, which are related to more impulsive loads, tend to exhibit a predominant sharp peak in velocity time histories. As a consequence, the structural responses have been classified into four types depending on differences of ratio peaks in the time histories and spectra. Field video images indicate that higher structural frequencies are usually associated with loads caused by plunging waves that break on or just in front of the structure. However, higher structural velocities and accelerations do not necessarily lead to the largest displacements of around a tenth of mm. Thus, while the impulsive nature of the structural response depends on the type of wave impact, the magnitude of the structural deflections is strongly affected by both elevation of the wave force on the structure and impact duration, as suggested by structural numerical simulations and laboratory tests respectively. The latter demonstrate how the limited water depth strongly affects the wave loading. In particular, only small plunging waves are able to break on or near the structure and larger waves that break further away can impose a greater overall impulse due to the longer duration of the load. As a consequence of the depth limited conditions, broken waves can generate significant deflections in the case of the Eddystone lighthouse. However, maximum accelerations of about 0.1g are related to larger plunging waves that are still able to hit the lighthouse with a plunging jet. When compared to the Iribarren number, the dimensionless irregular momentum flux proposed by Hughes is found to be a better indicator concerning the occurrence of the structural response types. This is explained by the fact that the Iribarren number does not to take into account the effects of the wide tidal range at the Eddystone reef, which has a strong influence on the location of the breaking point with respect to the lighthouse. Finally, maximum run up were not able to rise up to the top of the lighthouse model during the laboratory tests, despite this having been observed in the field. As a consequence, the particular configuration of the Eddystone reef and the wind could have a considerable bearing and exceptional values of the run up, greater than 40 m, cannot be excluded in the field.
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Daoura, Loudin. "Early Environment and Adolescent Ethanol Consumption : Effects on Endogenous Opioids and Behaviour in Rats." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198670.
Full textAbstract:
Excessive and compulsive ethanol drinking is one of the most serious public health issues. Therefore, it is vital to increase the knowledge about risks and protection for alcohol use disorders (AUD) to optimize prevention and treatment strategies. Ethanol consumption commonly initiates during adolescence when extensive neuronal maturation and development also occurs. Early exposure to ethanol is a risk factor for AUD, but the effects of adolescent drinking and the basis for the individual susceptibility to AUD are not fully understood. The interactions between genotype and environmental factors determine the individual risk for AUD and this thesis aimed to examine the environmental impact. The specific aims were to investigate 1) how early-life conditions affect adolescent voluntary ethanol drinking, behavioural profiles, endogenous opioids and response to treatment with an opioid antagonist (naltrexone), and 2) whether alterations detected in the offspring may be mediated by variations in maternal behaviour. A rodent maternal separation (MS) model was used to mimic a protective and risk-inducing early-life environment, respectively, with the use of 15 min (MS15) or 360 min (MS360) of daily MS. The main findings were 1) the MS360, but not the MS15 rats, responded to naltrexone following adolescent ethanol drinking; all adolescent rats had a high voluntary ethanol intake independent of early environmental conditions whereas in the adult groups the MS360, but not the MS15 rats, increased their ethanol intake and preference over time; adolescent ethanol exposure resulted in higher dynorphin levels in hippocampus and higher Met-enkephalin-Arg6Phe7 in the amygdala, independently of rearing conditions, 2) behavioural profiling using the multivariate concentric square field™ test showed: the young MS360 rats had increased risk assessment and risk taking behaviour compared to the young MS15 rats; the young MS15 rats increased, whereas the young MS360 rats decreased, their risk assessment and risk taking behaviour over time; differences in pup-retrieval strategies where the MS360 dams retrieved some pups into a safe area but as compared to MS15 rats they left more pups in a risk area; increased risk assessment behaviour in the MS360 dams immediately after weaning. Taken together, early-life environmental conditions alter adult but not adolescent drinking, the response to naltrexone, and behaviour in dams and offspring. Adolescent rats consumed more ethanol independent of rearing conditions and displayed increased opioid levels in brain areas related to cognition and addiction.
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Sears, Anna Louise Warwick. "Quantifying the effects of spatial environmental variation on dynamics of natural plant populations : field tests for covariance between response to the environment and competition /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full text
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Wickman, Helena. "Evaluation of field tests of different ice measurement methods for wind power : focusing on their usability for wind farm site assessment and finding production losses." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210216.
Full textAbstract:
The favorable wind recourses in many cold climate regions make them interesting for development of wind farms. However, with the cold climate come drawbacks due to icing. Production losses, fatigue loadings, ice throws and increased noise are some of the more severe issues that have to be addressed. Thus, wind power in cold climaterequires ice detectors both during the prospecting phase in the site assessment and during production for controlling of the turbines. This study aimed to evaluate six ice detector systems and their ability to detect time periods with ice and ice growth. The usability of the detector data for site assessment or controlling of the turbine was also discussed. The tested detectors were: the T 40 series from HoloOptics (HoloOptics), 0872F1 Ice Detector from Goodrich (Goodrich), LID-3300IP from Labkotec (LID), IceMonitor from SAAB Combitech (IceMonitor) and IGUS BLADcontrol from Rexroth Bosch Group (IGUS). Also a combination of the three anemometers Thies 4.3350.00.0000 from Adolf Thies GmbH & Co.KG (Thies), Vaisala WAA252 from Vaisala Oyj (Vaisala) and NRG Icefree3 from NRG Systems (NRG), used for wind measurements, has been analyzed for ice detection purposes. Data from field tests in Åsele municipality in the northern part of Sweden has been processed in MATLAB. Indications of ice and ice growth have been compared between the detectors to see how often they indicate concurrently. The measurements showed that the IceMonitor and the three anemometers indicated the occurrence of ice at the same time most of the time. The detectors with the ability to detect ice growth (Goodrich, LID, T44 and T41, IceMonitor) had a lot fewer concurrent indications. The correspondence between production loss time periods and the IGUS and T41 ice and ice growth indications were also low. Thus it was concluded that periods with ice were possible to find with a decent precision while ice growth and production loss periods were hard to find with any accuracy. The biggest limitation to the detectors’ functionality was the severe icing events that either hindered the detectors from working properly or broke them completely. None of the detectors were recommended for controlling of the wind turbines. If the reliability of the detectors during the more sever icing events could be increase they could however be used for site assessment to give a rough idea of the icing climate.De gynnsamma vindar som finns i många regioner med kallt klimat gör dem intressanta för utveckling av vindkraftparker. Men med det kalla klimatet kommer nackdelar på grund av isbildning. Produktionsförluster, utmattningslaster, iskast och ökat buller är några av de mer allvarliga problem som måste åtgärdas. Således kräver vindkraft i kallt klimat isdetektorer både under prospekteringsfasen av området och under produktion, för styrning av turbinerna. Denna studie hade som syfte att utvärdera sex isdetektorsystem och deras förmåga att upptäcka tidsperioder med is och istillväxt. Detektorernas användbarhet vid projektering eller kontroll av vindturbiner diskuterades också. De testade detektorerna var: T 40-serien från HoloOptics (HoloOptics), 0872F1 Ice Detector från Goodrich (Goodrich), LID-3300IP från Labkotec (LID), IceMonitor från SAAB Combitech (IceMonitor) och IGUS BLADcontrol från Rexroth Bosch Group (IGUS). Även en kombination av de tre anemometrarna Thies 4.3350.00.0000 från Adolf Thies GmbH & Co.KG (Thies), Vaisala WAA252 från Vaisala Oyj (Vaisala) och NRG Icefree3 från NRG Systems (NRG), som används för vindmätningar, har analyserats för isdetektionsändamål. Data från fältstudier i Åsele kommun i norra delen av Sverige har behandlats i MATLAB. Indikationer på is och istillväxt har jämförts mellan detektorerna för att se hur ofta de visar samtidigt. Mätningarna visade att IceMonitor och de tre anemometrarna för det mesta indikerade förekomst av is samtidigt. Detektorerna med förmåga att detektera istillväxt (Goodrich, LID, T44 och T41, IceMonitor) hade mycket färre samtidiga indikationer. Överensstämmelsen mellan tidsperioder med produktionsbortfall, is (IGUS) och istillväxt (T41) var också låg. Således drogs slutsatsen att perioder med is var möjligt att hitta med en anständig precision emedan istillväxt och produktionsförlustperioder var svåra att hitta med någon större exakthet. Den största begränsningen av detektorernas funktionalitet var de svåra nedisningseventen som antingen hindrade detektorerna från att fungera ordentligt eller förstörde dem helt. Ingen av detektorerna rekommenderas för styrning av vindkraftverk. Om tillförlitligheten på detektorerna under de svårare nedisningseventen förbättras skulle detektorerna dock kunna användas vid projektering för att ge en ungefärlig uppfattning av isklimatet.
Vindforsk III: V-363 project
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Terry, Travis Neal. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emergency Lighting, Retroreflective Markings, and Paint Color on Policing and Law Enforcement Safety." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104450.
Full textAbstract:
This project is an in-depth investigation on the impact of lighting, marking and paint schemes on the operational aspects of police vehicles. This investigation consisted of two phases that ultimately consisted of four experiments. An array of lighting and marking schemes were implemented on police vehicles in a variety of jurisdictions for evaluation. The study then investigated the change in the visibility of police officers, the public reaction to these schemes, and the operational impacts of these systems.
The first phase of the project was a naturalistic observation study where the goal was to better understand how traffic behaved around traffic stops. Test vehicles were positioned in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to determine how traffic behavior was affected by various configurations of police lighting and markings. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the move over law.
Based on the results of the naturalistic studies, the impact of the lighting system on officer visibility was investigated in a controlled human factors test where the ability of a driver to see a police officer outside of their vehicle was measured in the presence of the lighting systems. The purpose of this interjected effort was to verify that the experimental schemes would not increase risk to law enforcement despite data from the first phase indicating the vehicles were more visible. A second part to that study evaluated conventional methods of bolstering an officer's visibility outside of their vehicle at night.
The second phase took the findings of the first phase and implemented changes to several police vehicles from local and state agencies to be in operation for at least 18 months. This was to assess the rate of near-misses and crash rate to relate the vehicle changes to law enforcement safety. Additionally, rates of citations were assessed, and surveys offered an opportunity for law enforcement to provide their own feedback on the implementations.
The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color.
The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers.
In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the operational activities of police authority.Doctor of Philosophy
This project evaluated how lighting, marking and paint schemes on police vehicles affected their visibility and how traffic responded to them. An observational study positioned police vehicles with alternative lighting and markings in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to evaluate traffic behavior. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the Move Over law. A second study evaluated how the lighting systems on a police car affect the visibility of an officer at night in a traffic stop scenario. A followup experiment looked into methods for bolstering the visibility of officers at night through conventional implementations such as body worn LED lighting, the use of a retroreflective vest, or by using lighting on the police vehicle's light bar to increase illumination of the police officer. A third study took the findings of the previous experiments and outfitted 64 Virginia State Police vehicles for 18 months. Another 64 Virginia State Police vehicles participated in a control condition where no changes were made to their vehicles. Data collected included the rate of near-misses or crashes and the rates of written citations. Surveys were administered to each participating officer regarding their perception of safety and comfort and allowed their open feedback and suggestions. The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle, and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color. The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers. In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the rate of citations.
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Hartig, Jens. "Numerical investigations on the uniaxial tensile behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-66614.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, the load-bearing behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), which is a composite of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a reinforcement of high-performance fibres processed to textiles, exposed to uniaxial tensile loading was investigated based on numerical simulations. The investigations are focussed on reinforcement of multi-filament yarns of alkali-resistant glass. When embedded in concrete, these yarns are not entirely penetrated with cementitious matrix, which leads associated with the heterogeneity of the concrete and the yarns to a complex load-bearing and failure behaviour of the composite. The main objective of the work was the theoretical investigation of effects in the load-bearing behaviour of TRC, which cannot be explained solely by available experimental results. Therefore, a model was developed, which can describe the tensile behaviour of TRC in different experimental test setups with a unified approach. Neglecting effects resulting from Poisson’s effect, a one-dimensional model implemented within the framework of the Finite Element Method was established. Nevertheless, the model takes also transverse effects into account by a subdivision of the reinforcement yarns into so-called segments. The model incorporates two types of finite elements: bar and bond elements. In longitudinal direction, the bar elements are arranged in series to represent the load-bearing behaviour of matrix or reinforcement. In transverse direction these bar element chains are connected with bond elements. The model gains most of its complexity from non-linearities arising from the constitutive relations, e. g., limited tensile strength of concrete and reinforcement, tension softening of the concrete, waviness of the reinforcement and non-linear bond laws. Besides a deterministic description of the material behaviour, also a stochastic formulation based on a random field approach was introduced in the model. The model has a number of advantageous features, which are provided in this combination only in a few of the existing models concerning TRC. It provides stress distributions in the reinforcement and the concrete as well as properties of concrete crack development like crack spacing and crack widths, which are in some of the existing models input parameters and not a result of the simulations. Moreover, the successive failure of the reinforcement can be studied with the model. The model was applied to three types of tests, the filament pull-out test, the yarn pull-out test and tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking. The results of the simulations regarding the filament pull-out tests showed good correspondence with experimental data. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of geometrical properties in these tests like embedding and free lengths of the filament as well as bond properties between filament and matrix. The presented results of simulations of yarn pull-out tests demonstrated the applicability of the model to this type of test. It has been shown that a relatively fine subdivision of the reinforcement is necessary to represent the successive failure of the reinforcement yarns appropriately. The presented results showed that the model can provide the distribution of failure positions in the reinforcement and the degradation development of yarns during loading. One of the main objectives of the work was to investigate effects concerning the tensile material behaviour of TRC, which could not be explained, hitherto, based solely on experimental results. Hence, a large number of parametric studies was performed concerning tensile tests with multiple concrete cracking, which reflect the tensile behaviour of TRC as occurring in practice. The results of the simulations showed that the model is able to reproduce the typical tripartite stress-strain response of TRC consisting of the uncracked state, the state of multiple matrix cracking and the post-cracking state as known from experimental investigations. The best agreement between simulated and experimental results was achieved considering scatter in the material properties of concrete as well as concrete tension softening and reinforcement wavinessDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Untersuchungen zum einaxialen Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton. Textilbeton ist ein Verbundwerkstoff bestehend aus einer Matrix aus Feinbeton und einer Bewehrung aus Multifilamentgarnen aus Hochleistungsfasern, welche zu textilen Strukturen verarbeitet sind. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf Bewehrungen aus alkali-resistentem Glas. Das Tragverhalten des Verbundwerkstoffs ist komplex, was aus der Heterogenität der Matrix und der Garne sowie der unvollständigen Durchdringung der Garne mit Matrix resultiert. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die theoretische Untersuchung von Effekten und Mechanismen innerhalb des Lastabtragverhaltens von Textilbeton, welche nicht vollständig anhand verfügbarer experimenteller Ergebnisse erklärt werden können. Das entsprechende Modell zur Beschreibung des Zugtragverhaltens von Textilbeton soll verschiedene experimentelle Versuchstypen mit einem einheitlichen Modell abbilden können. Unter Vernachlässigung von Querdehneffekten wurde ein eindimensionales Modell entwickelt und im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch implementiert. Es werden jedoch auch Lastabtragmechanismen in Querrichtung durch eine Unterteilung der Bewehrungsgarne in sogenannte Segmente berücksichtigt. Das Modell enthält zwei Typen von finiten Elementen: Stabelemente und Verbundelemente. In Längsrichtung werden Stabelemente kettenförmig angeordnet, um das Tragverhalten von Matrix und Bewehrung abzubilden. In Querrichtung sind die Stabelementketten mit Verbundelementen gekoppelt. Das Modell erhält seine Komplexität hauptsächlich aus Nichtlinearitäten in der Materialbeschreibung, z.B. durch begrenzte Zugfestigkeiten von Matrix und Bewehrung, Zugentfestigung der Matrix, Welligkeit der Bewehrung und nichtlineare Verbundgesetze. Neben einer deterministischen Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens beinhaltet das Modell auch eine stochastische Beschreibung auf Grundlage eines Zufallsfeldansatzes. Mit dem Modell können Spannungsverteilungen im Verbundwerkstoff und Eigenschaften der Betonrissentwicklung, z.B. in Form von Rissbreiten und Rissabständen untersucht werden, was in dieser Kombination nur mit wenigen der existierenden Modelle für Textilbeton möglich ist. In vielen der vorhandenen Modelle sind diese Eigenschaften Eingangsgrößen für die Berechnungen und keine Ergebnisse. Darüber hinaus kann anhand des Modells auch das sukzessive Versagen der Bewehrungsgarne studiert werden. Das Modell wurde auf drei verschiedene Versuchstypen angewendet: den Filamentauszugversuch, den Garnauszugversuch und Dehnkörperversuche. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zu den Filamentauszugversuchen zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Resultaten. Zudem wurden Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um Einflüsse aus Geometrieeigenschaften wie der eingebetteten und freien Filamentlänge sowie Materialeigenschaften wie dem Verbund zwischen Matrix und Filament zu untersuchen. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zum Garnauszugversuch demonstrierten die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf diesen Versuchstyp. Es wurde gezeigt, dass für eine realitätsnahe Abbildung des Versagensverhaltens der Bewehrungsgarne eine relativ feine Auflösung der Bewehrung notwendig ist. Die Berechnungen lieferten die Verteilung von Versagenspositionen in der Bewehrung und die Entwicklung der Degradation der Garne im Belastungsverlauf. Ein Hauptziel der Arbeit war die Untersuchung von Effekten im Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton, die bisher nicht durch experimentelle Untersuchungen erklärt werden konnten. Daher wurde eine Vielzahl von Parameterstudien zu Dehnkörpern mit mehrfacher Matrixrissbildung, welche das Zugtragverhalten von Textilbeton ähnlich praktischen Anwendungen abbilden, durchgeführt. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zeigten, dass der experimentell beobachtete dreigeteilte Verlauf der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehung von Textilbeton bestehend aus dem ungerissenen Zustand, dem Zustand der Matrixrissbildung und dem Zustand der abgeschlossenen Rissbildung vom Modell wiedergegeben wird. Die beste Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Ergebnissen ergab sich unter Einbeziehung von Streuungen in den Materialeigenschaften der Matrix, der Zugentfestigung der Matrix und der Welligkeit der Bewehrung
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
Full textAbstract:
La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Jian-LinChen and 陳建霖. "Field Test of Soiling Effect on Glazed Solar Panel." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xt2vyk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系
106
The energy output delivered by photovoltaic module or solar thermal collector is highly dependent on how much the irradiance can reach the panel. The efficiency of the system relies on its design. However, most studies have calculated power output based on the ideal situation, that is, clean surface of the panel. One critical factor is that the output of solar system will decline as suspended dust is deposited on the cover of the solar panel. In order to investigate the effects of dust soiling, a set of glass samples was placed at the Gurien campus of National Cheng Kung University. Three factors were considered: surface modification, size, and tilt angle. Knowing how these factors influence dust deposition helps determine a better design for a specific location. It was found that the average transmittance reduction for the tilted glass samples is 3.38% and is 7.29% in the dry season (October to April) and in rainy season (May to September), respectively. Among the four coatings under consideration, the anti-reflection coating performed the best due to having the highest initial transmittance while the TiO2 coating performed the worst. Tilt angle was found to have a significant influence on dust soiling, where a larger tilt angle resulted in less dust being deposited. As for the sample size, size and dust deposition have an obvious positive relation, where in this study, the side length of the square glass ranged between 50 mm to 300 mm. Based on the observations of precipitation and dust deposition, if there is no rain for a whole month, it is recommended that the surface of the solar panel be cleaned to recover the transmittance to high value.
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Yi-DaChung and 鍾易達. "A Field Test of Dust Sedimentation on Solar Collectors At Guiren." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jrywhn.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系
104
Soiling on the cover glass of solar collector is a commonly overlooked issue. Very few available long-term information in Taiwan has been reported so far. A field test on the dust sedimentation on the glass sample plates in the Guiren Campus of National Cheng Kung University was conducted from October, 2014 to April, 2016 in this study. A set of glass plates consists of one made of common glass while the other of the common glass with hydrophilic coating (TiO2). Two sets of glass plates were installed toward the south direction (i.e. 0° azimuth angle) with two tilted angles ( β), including β = 0° (horizontal) and β = 23° (around the latitude of the installed site). The weight of the dust sedimentation (W_D) on the glass surface and the normal transmittance (∆τ) of the glass plate were constantly measured and recorded for each sample on the two-week and monthly basis, respectively. In the study, dust deposition rates ranging 0.027 to 1.485 g/m2/month were observed and varied with time of year and inclined angles. In dry season, reduction in transmittances up to 19.9 % were found for horizontally uncoated glass. The dust deposition rate is significantly affected by inclined angles and rainfall amount. It is found that the surface modification of TiO2 coating seems ineffective to remove the moisture-mud mainly composed of SiO2 and CaSO4. The relationship between dust deposition rate and transmittance reduction was found by a regression analysis with a linear function of: ∆τ=9.845W_D+2.609 , with R^2 of 0.868 which indicates the linear fitting to the data is sufficiently accurate.
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Lin, Wen-Jin, and 林文進. "Signal Attenuation on Three-Phase Power Distribution Lines with Field Test Data." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41540469670867749446.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所
81
Distribution-Line-Carrier (DLC) can serve as a meduim of two- way communication for load management and distribution automation. Attenuation analysis of DLC signal along complicated distribution systems network is indispensable to achieving an acceptable level of reliability to satisfy two-way communication requirements on DLC communication system. In this thesis, emphasis has been placed on analyzing the DLC from calculation of the distributed parameters of overhead line and underground cable in distribution systems to the derivation of their equivalent PI models. In addition, the distribution transformer models of various connection configurations are derived in detail. A general computer program coded in C language has been developed for analyzing the distribution-line- carrier signal of the distribution systems. Finally, the Carolina power and light company's distribution test site and the Tai-power two-way communication demonstration system will be taken as illustrative examples to carry out the comparison of computer simulation with field test data.
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Lin, Chun-Ting, and 林俊廷. "UMTS UE Mobility Management Field Trial Test Tool Implementation on PDA Phone." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40302032382584778094.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
通訊工程研究所
96
UMTS UE need be verified before launch into market. UMTS UE is tested protocol conformance testing by system simulator in addition to UE field trial in real UMTS network is an important task during the verification and development. In this thesis we focus on test tool implementation on PDA phone for UMTS UE mobility management field trial. UMTS network architecture, protocol stack and functions are introduced. Before the field trial test tool is implemented, we need to understand PDA phone architecture and know about that mobility management relative parameters of UMTS. We implement PDA side application to retrieve mobility management parameters from modem. Modem side also need be implemented the application which make response to PDA side. Finally we use modem trace tool and USIM to verify that the UMTS UE Mobility Management field trial tool is correct. This tool can display network parameters real time, this test tool makes the field trial test more convenient and useful.
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LIN, LI-TING, and 林立婷. "An Innovation Study on Business Models for the Self-Driving Test Field." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q38y5j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
108
The Smart City is promoted by the government, it includes autonomous vehicle, also known as a driverless car. Any vehicle has to follow traffic regulations. How to support automated driving vehicles roads testing under the control of risk, the government agencies, industries, academic research institutions, and foundations have been actively involved. The self-driving test field is set as the infrastructure, and the future investment resources and research and development direction should be chosen. This study uses the self-driving test field as a research project to explore the operation mode of the field and analyze the future feasibility. According to the results, recommendations were made and the relevant units and reference for future research were provided. The research method is to collect valuable suggestions from government agencies and industry leaders to conduct interviews, analyze the results with Grounded theory through business model canvas and value proposition as a reference. Based on the conclusions of this study, the government has invested a considerable amount of resources in the self-driving test field. However, the business model needs to be strengthened and implemented, and the self-driving startup company is encouraged to use field service projects. The international market drives the overall industrial kinetic energy and increases the virtual experiment. To increase the virtual laboratory, to test equipment and physical field, to establish technical energy to assisting academic and research teams to deepen self-driving technology, to cultivate and apply the talents, and look forward to the characteristics of each country. Bettering auxiliary equipment and technology, training professional and technical personnel, through the technical exchanges by people of all walks of life would be promoted the depth and breadth, so that we can continue to operate.