Journal articles: 'On-Machine metrology'

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Bibby, Matthew, and Christopher King. "Development of an On-Machine 3D Texture Analyser." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.338.

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Texture metrology of large optical components causes many practical problems, from handling heavy units in the laboratory, to applying existing bench top devices, unable to access most of the part area. Application of an on-machine device allows these practical issues to be overcome and provides an opportunity for an automated metrology process. We describe our work on a texture interferometer that is mounted onto a Zeeko optical polishing machine for in-process surface texture measurements on large optics.

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Vallejo, Marcela, Carolina de la Espriella, Juliana Gómez-Santamaría, Andrés Felipe Ramírez-Barrera, and Edilson Delgado-Trejos. "Soft metrology based on machine learning: a review." Measurement Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 032001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab4b39.

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Gao, W., H. Haitjema, F. Z. Fang, R. K. Leach, C. F. Cheung, E. Savio, and J. M. Linares. "On-machine and in-process surface metrology for precision manufacturing." CIRP Annals 68, no. 2 (2019): 843–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2019.05.005.

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Li, Duo, Bo Wang, Zheng Qiao, and Xiangqian Jiang. "Ultraprecision machining of microlens arrays with integrated on-machine surface metrology." Optics Express 27, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.000212.

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Chen, J. S., J. X. Yuan, J. Ni, and S. M. Wu. "Real-time Compensation for Time-variant Volumetric Errors on a Machining Center." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901792.

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An error compensation system has been developed to enhance the time-variant volumetric accuracy of a 3-axis machining center by correcting the existing machine errors through sensing, metrology, and computer control techniques. A general methodology has been developed to synthesize both the geometric and thermal errors of machines into a time-variant volumetric error model. Instead of the well-known 21 geometric error components, 32 machine linkage errors are formulated as a 4D error field including the space domain and the time domain. Different types of models are proposed for different kinds of thermal error components. A compensation controller based on an IBM/PC has been linked with a CNC controller to compensate for machine errors in real time. This scheme has been implemented on a horizontal machining center and has been shown, using metrology instruments, to improve the machine accuracy by an order of magnitude. A cut workpiece inspected using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) has also shown that dimension errors have been reduced from 92.4 μm to 18.9 μm in a dimension of 404 × 310 mm2 and the depth difference of milled surfaces has been reduced from 196 μm to 8 μm.

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Blumröder, Ulrike, Ronald Füßl, Thomas Fröhlich, Eberhard Manske, and Rostyslav Mastylo. "FREQUENCY COMB-COUPLED METROLOGY LASERS FOR NANOPOSITIONING AND NANO MEASURING MACHINES." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 4 (2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.036.

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This article shows how a direct readout of the interferometric length measurement in nanopositioning machines can be transferred by connecting the metrology laser to a frequency comb line. The approach is based on a GPS-referenced frequency comb with which the stability of the timer (atomic clock via GPS) is transferred to the metrology laser of the nanopositioning and nano measuring machine NPMM-200. The necessary prerequisites for ensuring traceability are discussed. It is demonstrated that with this approach an improvement in the long-term stability of the metrology laser by three orders of magnitude can be achieved.

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Lin, Shuo. "Research on the swing and vibration restraint of the 2 MN deadweight machine frame." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.947.

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In this paper, the new 2 MN deadweight force standard machine of FJIM (Fujian Metrology Institute) with an optimal 20 kN frame with swing and vibration restraint is detailed. Load transient response is considered in the design of column, and a mass damper is used to make the frame stable in 3 s. These methods help the machine reach the uncertainty it claimed.

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Takahashi, Satoru, Yuki Shimizu, and Yasuhiro Mizutani. "Special Issue on Intelligent Measurement for Advanced Production Engineering." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0681.

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Measurement technology in the field of production engineering has long played an essential role in improving the yield and reliability of manufactured products, and it will continue to increase in importance to the manufacture of advanced products. The development of intelligent and innovative measurement technologies will not only be essential but also indispensable to the creation of high value-added products as next-generation advanced products, manufactured based on leading-edge production technologies and science. The importance of measurement technologies indispensable to the digitization of things has been increasing particularly dramatically in the industrial revolution of production based on the innovative advancement of big data management and the cloud computing environment. This special issue addresses the latest research advances into measurement for production engineering. This covers a wide area, including dimensional measurement, surface metrology, uncertainty, traceability, calibration, in-process and on-line metrology, machine tool metrology, optical metrology, micro and nano metrology, and applied sensor technology. We hope that learning more about these advances will enable the readers to share in the authors’ experiences and knowledge of technologies and development. All papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to the authors for their submissions and to the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, ensuring the success of this special issue.

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Ni, J., and S. M. Wu. "An On-Line Measurement Technique for Machine Volumetric Error Compensation." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901643.

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A hybrid on-line and off-line measurement technique is developed for machine volumetric error compensation based on a multiple-degree-of-freedom laser optical system. When implemented on a 3-axis machine up to 15 geometric error components can be measured simultaneously on-line and the remaining 6 components need to be calibrated off-line. Since the on-line measurement systems use different metrology bases, a modified volumetric error model is derived for a milling machine by considering the measurement features of the multiple-degree-of-freedom system. Through experimental tests, it was found that the discrepancy between the identified errors and the actual errors was less than 4 μm out of a maximum range of 20 μm.

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Matsubara, Atsushi. "Special Issue on Machine Tool Evaluation." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0109.

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With machine tools evolving with the hardware and control whose dramatic advances are expanding the field, requirements for performance have grown tougher. These have made it more complicated to design, produce, and maintain machine tool systems. This has also ensured that performance evaluation and prediction technology play an increasingly important and active role in these areas. This special issue on machine tool evaluation should prove especially interesting to researchers and engineers engaged in the enhancement of accuracy, efficiency, and versatility in machine tool systems, including the important disciplines of tooling and cutting tools. The topics that are covered in this special issue include – but are not limited to – the metrology of machine tools, the identification of kinematic errors through machine tool geometry, the evaluation of thermal deformation, the dynamic analysis of machine tools, the evaluation of spindle stiffness, and cutting-edge monitoring technology. All of these provide advanced knowledge concerning that state-of-the-art of technology required to ensure that machine tool design continues to remain innovative. I would like to close here by expressing my sincere appreciation to all those who have worked to make this issue interesting and informative. My special thanks go to the authors of the featured articles and to the reviewers whose invaluable efforts have made this publication possible.

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Stojadinovic, Slavenko M., Vidosav D. Majstorovic, Adam Gąska, Jerzy Sładek, and Numan M. Durakbasa. "Development of a Coordinate Measuring Machine—Based Inspection Planning System for Industry 4.0." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 8411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188411.

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Industry 4.0 represents a new paradigm which creates new requirements in the area of manufacturing and manufacturing metrology such as to reduce the cost of product, flexibility, mass customization, quality of product, high level of digitalization, optimization, etc., all of which contribute to smart manufacturing and smart metrology systems. This paper presents a developed inspection planning system based on CMM as support of the smart metrology within Industry 4.0 or manufacturing metrology 4.0 (MM4.0). The system is based on the application of three AI techniques such as engineering ontology (EO), GA and ants colony optimization (ACO). The developed system consists of: the ontological knowledge base; the mathematical model for generating strategy of initial MP; the model of analysis and optimization of workpiece setups and probe configuration; the path simulation model in MatLab, PTC Creo and STEP-NC Machine software, and the model of optimization MP by applying ACO. The advantage of the model is its suitability for monitoring of the measurement process and digitalization of the measurement process planning, simulation carried out and measurement verification based on CMM, reduction of the preparatory measurement time as early as in the inspection planning phase and minimizing human involvement or human errors through intelligent planning, which directly influences increased production efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity of enterprises. The measuring experiment was performed using a machined prismatic workpiece (PW).

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Huo, Hongtao, Min Zhuang, Jiahao Huang, and Chaohong Lee. "Machine optimized quantum metrology of concurrent entanglement generation and sensing." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 025010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac51af.

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Abstract Entanglement is one of the key ingredients for enhancing the measurement precision of quantum sensors. Generally, there is a trade-off between state preparation and sensing within a limited coherence time. To fully exploit temporal resources, concurrent entanglement generation and sensing with designed sequence of rotations are proposed. Based on twist-and-turn dynamics, modulated rotations along only one axis may be sufficient to drive the state to the optimal one for tiny estimated parameter. However, when the estimated parameter is not tiny, it may impact the evolved state and hence degrade the final measurement precision. Here, we introduce another modulated rotations along different axis and find out the optimal control sequences by means of machine optimization. The optimal measurement precision bounds become independent on the estimated parameter, which improves the dynamic range of the machine designed sensors. Particularly, by optimizing the interaction strength for different particle number and the time-modulated rotations along two different axes via machine optimization, the Heisenberg-limited precision scaling can be attained. Our work points out a way for designing optimized quantum-enhanced metrology protocols, which is promising for developing practical quantum sensors.

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Niendorf, Laura, Markus Grosse Boeckmann, and Robert Schmitt. "Challenges of Data Acquisition and Analysis for Characteristics-Driven and Metrology-Based Optimization of Milling Process Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.233.

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The research and practical use of data and data-mining in production environment is still at an early stage. Although almost every manufacturing company collects a lot of process and product related data they often do neither use nor deploy this data in order to optimize or even analyze their production processes. The acquisition of process data brings several advantages. On the one hand the implicit knowledge is permanently stored and on the other hand it is possible to learn from previous process failures. The acquired knowledge could then be applied to all future production tasks. Although many research activities can be observed since the late 90s, none of them managed the transfer to practical usage. In order to encourage the practical transfer of data-mining in production environment this paper presents a metrology-based test set-up and therewith arising challenges when consistently acquiring and processing inhomogeneous process, product and machine data. For the experimental set-up, on-machine metrology systems were developed and integrated into a 5-axis milling machine to gain much significant data.

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Gebhardt, Andreas, Matthias Beier, Erik Schmidt, Thomas Rendel, Ute Gawronski, and Eyk Gebhardt. "Effective Optical System Assembly Using Ultra-Precise Manufactured References." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0644.

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The present work demonstrates that exactly manufactured references for joining, mounting, and metrology purposes are crucial in the effective assembly of high-quality optical systems. Based on the alignment turning of spherical and aspherical lenses, the proposed approach can be transferred to non-rotational symmetric elements such as prisms, active components (e.g., laser diodes), and freeform mirrors. The complexity of the optical component decides whether on-machine metrology or specific measurement setups need to be used to determine the position and orientation of the references with respect to the optical function. The resulting correction data are considered during the machining process. The subsequent correction cycle realizes mounting and metrology references down to sub-micron precision using diamond-machining techniques. This approach facilitates the assembly of demanding optical systems and even freeform arrangements in a predictable and passive manner. Different machining setups as well as the corresponding metrology approaches are demonstrated, and results are presented for representative components. The effectiveness of the approach is discussed using rotationally symmetrical lens systems and a snap-together freeform mirror system.

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Sheets, H. David, Patrick Ravines, and Marianne Webb. "Surface Metrology and Data Science/Analytics Applied to Modern Asian Lacquer Surfaces." Archiving Conference 2021, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2021.1.0.16.

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This paper presents a new quantitative approach to the study of Asian lacquers using surface metrology, and two data science approaches: feature engineering and convolutional deep neural networks, as used in machine vision or image recognition applications. The types of Asian lacquers and additives have a quantifiable impact on the topography of the resulting surface. To understand the unaged and aged characteristics, 15 different formulas of Asian lacquer were prepared using laccol, thitsiol and urushiol with the most common additives: oils, pigments and resins. These were studied with the surface metrology instrumental technique of confocal microscopy.

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Cai, Yindi, Yuan-Liu Chen, Yuki Shimizu, So Ito, and Wei Gao. "Molecular dynamics simulation of elastic–plastic deformation associated with tool–workpiece contact in force sensor–integrated fast tool servo." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 11 (October 24, 2016): 1893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416673116.

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The tool–workpiece interactions when a single-point diamond cutting tool with specific tool edge geometry is made to contact with a copper workpiece are evaluated by the molecular dynamics simulations under different temperatures, boundary conditions and model sizes for ultra-precision microcutting and in-process surface form measurement based on a force sensor–integrated fast tool servo. It is confirmed that the proposed multi-relaxation time method is effective to stabilize the workpiece molecular dynamics model over a wide temperature range up to the room temperature under which a practical microcutting and on-machine surface form metrology process are conducted. The boundary condition and model size of the molecular dynamics model are then optimized to make reliable and cost-effective simulations for evaluation of the elastic–plastic transition contact depth and the corresponding contact force when a diamond tool with a practical edge sharpness of up to 30 nm is employed for microcutting and on-machine surface form metrology.

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Song, Li-mei, Chun-bo Zhang, Yi-ying Wei, and Hua-wei Chen. "Technique for calibration of chassis components based on encoding marks and machine vision metrology." Optoelectronics Letters 7, no. 1 (January 2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-011-0124-x.

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Choi, Jeong Eun, and Sang Jeen Hong. "Machine learning-based virtual metrology on film thickness in amorphous carbon layer deposition process." Measurement: Sensors 16 (August 2021): 100046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100046.

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Takaya, Yasuhiro. "In-Process and On-Machine Measurement of Machining Accuracy for Process and Product Quality Management: A Review." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2014): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0004.

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In-process and on-machine measurements are used to evaluate a variety of machining factors and conditions as well as the work done on the machine tool. With the increasing complexity of machining processes and greater requirements for accuracy and precision, the demand for advanced methods for process optimization has also increased. To meet this demand, process quality management (QM) requires an expansion of manufacturing metrology to include comprehensive closed-loop control of the machining process. To eliminate the effects of disturbances on the machining process and adjust the control quantities to optimal values for robustness, in-process and on-machine measurements are very essential. In this paper, we review technical trends in in-process and on-machine measurements for process QM and conventional quality control (QC) of products. Spreading measurement targets and applications are comprehensively reviewed.

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Chelishchev, Petr, and Knut Sørby. "Estimation of minimum volume of bounding box for geometrical metrology." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 11 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020007.

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This paper presents algorithms for estimating the minimum volume bounding box based on a three-dimensional point set measured by a coordinate measuring machine. A new algorithm, which calculates the minimum volume with high accuracy and reduced number of computations, is developed. The algorithm is based on the convex hull operation and established theories about a minimum bounding box circumscribing a convex polyhedron. The new algorithm includes a pre-processing operation that removes convex polyhedron faces located near the edges of the measured object. As showed in the paper, the solution of the minimum bonding box is not based on faces located near the edges; therefore, we can save computation time by excluding them from the convex polyhedron data set. The algorithms have been demonstrated on physical objects measured by a coordinate measuring machine, and on theoretical 3D models. The results show that the algorithm can be used when high accuracy is required, for example in calibration of reference standards.

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Wen, Haotian, José María Luna-Romera, José C. Riquelme, Christian Dwyer, and Shery L. Y. Chang. "Statistically Representative Metrology of Nanoparticles via Unsupervised Machine Learning of TEM Images." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102706.

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The morphology of nanoparticles governs their properties for a range of important applications. Thus, the ability to statistically correlate this key particle performance parameter is paramount in achieving accurate control of nanoparticle properties. Among several effective techniques for morphological characterization of nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide a direct, accurate characterization of the details of nanoparticle structures and morphology at atomic resolution. However, manually analyzing a large number of TEM images is laborious. In this work, we demonstrate an efficient, robust and highly automated unsupervised machine learning method for the metrology of nanoparticle systems based on TEM images. Our method not only can achieve statistically significant analysis, but it is also robust against variable image quality, imaging modalities, and particle dispersions. The ability to efficiently gain statistically significant particle metrology is critical in advancing precise particle synthesis and accurate property control.

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Jiang, X., P. J. Scott, D. J. Whitehouse, and L. Blunt. "Paradigm shifts in surface metrology. Part I. Historical philosophy." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2085 (July 5, 2007): 2049–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1874.

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Surface texture and its measurement are becoming the most critical factors and important functionality indicators in the performance of high precision and nanoscale devices and components. Surface metrology as a discipline is currently undergoing a huge paradigm shift: from profile to areal characterization, from stochastic to structured surfaces, and from simple geometries to complex free-form geometries, all spanning the millimetre to sub-nanometre scales. This paper builds a complete philosophical framework for surface metrology through a review of the paradigm shifts that have occurred in the discipline of surface metrology, tracing the development of fundamental philosophies and techniques. The paper starts with a brief overview of the historical paradigm shifts and builds an up-to-date foundational philosophy, capable of rapid and effective development. The growth in interest in surface metrology stems mainly from the need to control the manufacture of armaments during the Second World War and the production of domestic goods and appliances since that time. The surfaces produced by manufacture seemed to offer the possibility of being useful for process control. Unfortunately, only a few tentative investigations had been carried out to establish usable relationships between the processes, the machine tools and the available surface parameters (with their limitations). Even fewer investigations had been carried out to relate surface geometry to the performance of manufactured products. The result was that the metrology was unprepared and, consequently, the progress was sporadic. This overall review is given in two parts. Part I focuses on the historical philosophy of surface metrology and Part II discusses the progress within the current paradigm shift.

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Furutani, Ryoshu. "UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION OF CONSTRUCTED METROLOGY FRAME." International Journal "Advanced Quality" 45, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25137/ijaq.n2.v45.y2017.p37-42.

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In general, the profile measuring machine uses the displacement sensor attached on movable mechanism in order to measure the object. It could measure the object profile by the amount of movement of the displacement sensor and output of the displacement sensor. When measuring the object, metrological frame is important as a reference. If the metrological frame has some profile errors, the output of the displacement sensor includes the profile error of the metrological frame. We proposed a new method to distinguish the profile error of the metrological frame from the output of the displacement sensor. This method requires two linear stages and a displacement sensor. The object profile and profile error of the movable mechanism are determined by calculation using output of the displacement sensor. The validity of the new method was confirmed by the simulation andexperiment. It was confirmed to be possible to construct metrological frame below 1μm. As a lot of number of iteration are required, the reduction of iteration was discussed. As a result of reduction of measurement, the uncertainties of measurement are shown and compared.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, and J. R. R. Mayer. "Measurement Accuracy Investigation of Touch Trigger Probe with Five-Axis Machine Tools." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0028.

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Abstract The touch trigger probe plays an important role in modern metrology because of its robust and compact design with crash protection, long life and excellent repeatability. Aside from coordinate measuring machines (CMM), touch trigger probes are used for workpiece location on a machine tool and for the accuracy assessment of the machine tools. As a result, the accuracy of the measurement is a matter of interest to the users. The touch trigger probe itself as well as the measuring surface, the machine tool, measuring environment etc. contribute to measurement inaccuracies. The paper presents the effect of surface irregularities, surface wetness due to cutting fluid and probing direction on probing accuracy on a machine tool.

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Hashemiboroujeni, Heidarali, Sareh Esmaeili Marzdashti, Kanglin Xing, and J. R. R. Mayer. "Five-Axis Machine Tool Coordinate Metrology Evaluation Using the Ball Dome Artefact Before and After Machine Calibration." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3010020.

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Now equipped with touch trigger probes machine tools are increasingly used to measure workpieces for various tasks such as rapid setup, compensation of final tool paths to correct part deflections and even verify conformity to finished tolerances. On five-axis machine tools, the use of data acquired for different rotary axes positions angles brings additional errors into play, thus increasing the measurement errors. The estimation of the machine geometric error sources, using such methods as the scale and master ball artefact (SAMBA) method, and their use to calibrate machine tools may enhance five-axis on-machine metrology. The paper presents the use of the ball dome artefact to validate the accuracy improvement when using a calibrated model to process the machine tool axis readings. The inter-axis errors and the scale gain errors were targeted for correction as well the measuring tool length and lateral offsets. Worst case and mean deviations between the reference artefact geometry and the on-machine tool measurement is reduced from 176 and 70 µm down to 31 and 12 µm for the nominal and calibrated machine stylus tip offsets respectively.

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Yadav, Sanjay, Jiro Matsuda, and Lalith Prasantha Liyanawadu Chitarage. "Studies on Uncertainty Evaluation in Straightness Measurement." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 6 (December 20, 2001): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0643.

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The evaluation of uncertainty associated with measurements of geometrical forms is a subject of considerable interest these days in machine design. In the present study, a straightness measuring machine that was developed at National Research Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM), Japan is investigated to evaluate various uncertainty components associated with measurements over a length of 500mm of a datum cylinder. Investigations on the heating effect of the measuring machine due to heat generated by an electric motor, the effect of the stability and shape of the probe head, the effect of bending of the carriage bed and the effect of angular movement of the carriage i.e., yawing and pitching, are carried out, with consideration of the magnitudes of the uncertainty components. The studies have broken the 200mm limit in straightness measurement range imposed by the non-availability of good reference standards beyond this range and would lead to manufacturing of reliable, accurate and precise commercial straightness measuring machine.

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Čep, Robert, Šárka Malotová, Jiří Kratochvíl, Dana Stančeková, Andrej Czán, and Tomáš Jakab. "Diagnosis of machine tool with using Renishaw ball-bar system." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815701006.

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The article deals with accuracy of machine tools. The aim was to determine the accuracy with which already operates used machine – HAAS CNC Milling machine MiniMill. For evaluation of accuracy of the machine tool was used Renishaw QC20-W Ballbar system, which has the Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology of VŠB – TUO. The theoretical part describes the measurement principle using a telescopic Ballbar system. The principle of measurement is the comparison of the actual deviation from the ideal circle which is programmed. Experimental part is focused on the diagnosis of the whole process by the direct method of measurement during changing feed rate. Specifically, the determination of circularity deviation at machine tool was in accordance with international standards, e.g. ISO 230-4.

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Merghache, S., and A. Ghernaout. "Qualification and validation the metrology module located on CN machine tool -EMCO PC Mill 155 –." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 483 (March 28, 2014): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/483/1/012024.

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Hatefi, Shahrokh, and Khaled Abou-El-Hossein. "Design of Electro-optical Vibrometer for On-Machine Metrology in Hybrid Single-Point Diamond Turning." MAPAN 36, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00430-8.

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Kakinuma, Yasuhiro, Takashi Matsumura, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Special Issue on the Latest Research in Precision Engineering." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0005.

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Multidisciplinary study and practice of high-precision engineering, metrology, and manufacturing have made a direct contribution to industrial and economic development in the world, providing new value creation and enhancing productivity and product quality. This special issue focuses on the latest studies in the field of precision engineering. The special issue especially features advanced technologies in the manufacturing process, metrology, machine tools, machine elements, and nano/micro mechanisms. Besides these technologies, to enhance reliability and safety in the production processes, there is a need for usability and functionality based on IoT-related technology, which is represented by Industrie 4.0 or the Industrial Internet. Therefore, many researchers have now begun to focus on cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), which can detect anomalies and self-optimize the production process by comparing actual results extracted from sensors and simulation results. From this viewpoint, advanced research related to CPPS, such as simulation-based technique, sensor-based technology, and in-depth understanding and modeling of the manufacturing process, is covered in this special issue. In this special issue of IJAT, there are 14 research papers on precision-engineering-related topics as mentioned above. The papers, revised and extended according to the editors’ request, were originally presented at the 17th International Conference on Precision Engineering (ICPE2018), held in Kamakura, Japan, in 2018. We express our sincere thanks to the authors and reviewers for their meticulous work in helping publish this special issue. We hope these articles will encourage further research on precision engineering.

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Coulon, Romain, Sammy Courte, Steven Judge, Carine Michotte, and Manuel Nonis. "Digitalization of the reporting of key comparisons for radionuclide metrology." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 024003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac3fc4.

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Abstract The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures operates an international reference system (the SIR) to compare primary standards of radioactivity realized by National Metrology Institutes. Recently, the way of managing data relating to this system has been redesigned. The new model is fully integrated into the SI digital transformation initiated by the metrology community. The new approach automates the production of reports on the results from key comparison exercises for publication in the key comparison database, aiming to reduce the time needed to prepare reports without impacting quality. In operation for a year, the new system has produced 12 comparison reports within deadlines at a quality that meets the needs of the stakeholders in radionuclide metrology. The database and the software are controlled using the states-of-the-art Git version control system. In addition, thanks to the machine-readable database it produces, it paves the way for more digital data exchanges meeting the FAIR principles and directly accessible through a new application programming interface that is under development.

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Woźniak, Adam, and Grzegorz Krajewski. "CMM Dynamic Properties of the Scanning Measurement of a 2D Profile." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0530.

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Scanning probe CMMs have come to be considered the standard in coordinate metrology, not only because they provide high-quantity, high-speed data gathering but also because the scanning technology significantly decreases inspection time. Modern manufacturing, especially in today’s highly competitive economy, requires increasingly efficient measuring machines and processes because inspection machines have often become the bottlenecks in the entire manufacturing processes. More efficient coordinate metrology can mean faster measurement cycles with acceptable accuracies. However, increasing scanning speeds has also significantly increased errors. This article proposes a new method of investigating and identifying the principal components of CMM dynamic errors. The principle of the method is presented, and the validity of the method is experimentally confirmed on a bridge coordinate measuring machine.

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Wu, Zhixu, Yiming Zhang, Rongxin Tang, Zhengyang Li, Xiangyan Yuan, Yong Xia, Hua Bai, et al. "Machine Learning for Improving Stellar Image-based Alignment in Wide-field Telescopes." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3325.

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Abstract Stellar images will deteriorate dramatically when the sensitive elements of wide-field survey telescopes are misaligned during an observation, and active alignment is the key technology to maintain the high resolution of wide-field sky survey telescopes. Instead of traditional active alignment based on field-dependent wave front errors, this work proposes a machine learning alignment metrology based on stellar images of the scientific camera, which is more convenient and higher speed. We first theoretically confirm that the pattern of the point-spread function over the field is closely related to the misalignment status, and then the relationships are learned by two-step neural networks. After two-step active alignment, the position errors of misalignment parameters are less than 5 μm for decenter and less than 5″ for tip-tilt in more than 90% of the cases. The precise alignment results indicate that this metrology provides a low-cost and high-speed solution to maintain the image quality of wide-field sky survey telescopes during observation, thus implying important significance and broad application prospects.

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Linkeová, Ivana, and Vít Zelený. "APPLICATION OF RULED SURFACES IN FREEFORM AND GEAR METROLOGY." Acta Polytechnica 61, SI (February 10, 2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0099.

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An application of two ruled surfaces (i.e., surfaces generated by a motion of a straight line), a surface of hyperbolic paraboloid and a tangent surface of a cylindrical helix in freeform and gear metrology is introduced in this paper. Both surfaces have been implemented as the main functional figures in several artefacts – metrological calibration standards intended for testing the freeform capabilities of various measuring technologies (e.g., tactile point-to-point measurement and tactile scanning on coordinate measuring machine, optical scanning, computer tomography). Geometrical and mathematical properties of the surface used are summarised, CAD models of all the developed standards are presented and photos of the manufactured standards are shown.

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McBain, R. L. "Impact of a cnc 4-axis coordinate measuring machine on dimensional metrology at Ammunition Factory Footscray." Precision Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-6359(85)90081-9.

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Brau-Avila, A., R. Acero, J. Santolaria, M. Valenzuela-Galvan, and Octavio Icasio-Hernández. "Kinematic parameter identification procedure of an articulated arm coordinate measuring machine based on a metrology platform." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 104, no. 1-4 (June 14, 2019): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03878-w.

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Ramadan Ali, Salah Hamed, and Omar M. Mohamd. "Dimensional and Geometrical Form Accuracy of Circular Pockets Manufactured for Aluminum, Copper and Steel Materials on CNC Milling Machine Using CMM." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 17 (July 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.17.64.

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Dimensional metrology plays an important role in the modern manufacturing technology. Accurate machining technology remains the main focus of global industry, where needs to permanent study for the purpose of improving. Coordinate metrology is an important inspection tool of dimension and geometrical surface form for machined work-piece to provide functionality in quality process. Several factors affect the accuracy and quality of manufactured parts when machined using circular pocket cycles on CNC machining centers. Such accuracy depends to a great extent on work-piece material, the cutting conditions; namely spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and the structure of the fixed cycle. The accuracy of dimensional and geometrical form plays a vital function on the required tolerance and fit of manufactured parts to be assembled.This paper studies the influence of those parameters on the accuracy and quality of milled pocket diameter with its roundness. Several specimens made of aluminum, copper and steel metals were pocket milled on a CNC using different cutting conditions. CMM was used to assess the errors in diameter and roundness measurements of machined parts. In despite of scientific advances in machining technology, however there are still clear deviations in the measurement results according to choice of the cutting condition, especially when change the type of work-piece material. Monitoring suitable validiation method for a typical manufacturing machining is achieved accurately. Moreover, expanded uncertainty in measurement has been estimated using statistical repeatability analysis and most effective experimental parameters.

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Ke, Xiao Long, Yin Biao Guo, and Chun Jin Wang. "Compensation and Experiment Research of Machining Error for Optical Aspheric Precision Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.103.

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According to the demand of precision machining for optical aspheric lens, especially large scale optical aspheric lens, this paper presents an error compensation technique for precision grindging. Based on precision surface grinding machine (MGK7160), grating-type parallel grinding method is put forward to realize grinding paths planning for optical aspheric lens. In order to obtain surface metrology and evaluation after grinding, an on-machine measurement system is built. On the basis of compensation principle, machining error is separated to achieve error compensation. Grinding experiments are carried out and show that it can meet the demand of precision grinding, and the accuacy after error compensation attains 6.5μm.

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Wang, Shixiang, Chifai Cheung, and Lingbao Kong. "A Fiducial-Aided Reconfigurable Artefact for the Estimation of Volumetric Errors of Multi-Axis Ultra-Precision Machine Tools." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041824.

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In this paper, a fiducial-aided reconfigurable artefact is presented for estimating volumetric errors of multi-axis machine tools. The artefact makes use of an adjustable number of standard balls as fiducials to build a 3D artefact which has been calibrated on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). This 3D artefact demonstrates its reconfigurability in its number of fiducials and their locations according to the characteristics of workpieces and machine tools. The developed kinematics of the machine tool were employed to identify the volumetric errors occupied by the workpiece in the working space by comparing the information acquired by on-machine metrology with that acquired by the CMM. Experimental studies are conducted on a five-axis ultra-precision machine tool. A developed 3D artefact composed of five standard spheres is measured by the integrated on-machine measurement system. Factors including the gravity effect and measurement repeatability are also examined in order to optimize the geometry of the artefact. The results show that the developed 3D artefact is able to provide information about the working space occupied by the workpiece.

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Fujimoto, Hiroyuki, Makoto Abe, Sonko Osawa, Osamu Sato, and Toshiyuki Takatsuji. "Development of Dimensional X-Ray Computed Tomography." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0567.

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Recently, a strong need has arisen for a dimensional X-ray computed tomography system that is capable of dimensional measurements. This is because the speedy realization of dimensional measurements for outward forms and inward forms on dense spatial points remarkably simplifies and accelerates production loop. However, although the image obtained via XCT describes the structure clearly and in great detail, dimensional metrology by means of XCT is not simple. The National Metrology Institute of Japan has been carrying out performance tests using gauges that include the gauges proposed in ISO10360. In this work, the magnification variation correction is carefully presented, and a maximum deviation of less than 5 μm is shown to be possible by means of the measurement of the forest phantom of 27 ruby spheres, the locations of which are calibrated by the coordinate measuring machine.

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Vo, Tran Anh, T. H. Dung, and Hyun Chul Kim. "Design of a High Accuracy 3-Axis Coordinate Measuring Machine Working on the Shop Floor." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.521.

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One of the key features of advanced manufacturing technologies is the metrology of geometric quantities. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) now are widely used to perform relevant measurements. Normally, the use of CMMs in traditional quality control rooms, isolated from the production floor, often proves unsuitable for effective and timely feedback on the manufacturing process. However, CMMs are sensitive to environmental factors such as humidity, suspended dust and oil, vibrations, and especially temperature. For this reason, measuring machines must to be designed with features that make them more resistant to the environmental influences on shop floor operations. The main goal of this work is to enhance accuracy of a CMM working on the shop floor conditions by design improvements and error compensation. A 3-axis CMM will be built with some improved designed features and a software compensation technique will be applied to enhance the machine accuracy.

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Bieganowski, A., W. Skierucha, and Walczak RT. "Research specificity and standardization of agrophysical methods on the example of investigations in soil physics." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 3 (February 8, 2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4934-rae.

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The study presents agrophysics as an interdisciplinary branch of science dealing with the application of physical methods to examine the properties of agricultural materials and products as well as processes in soil-plant-atmosphere and plant-machine-crop systems, sustainable plant and animal production, modern food processing technology, especially concentrating on the quality of substrates and food products. The discussed specificity of agrophysical metrology results mainly from the big diversity as well as special and temporal variability of the studied objects and processes. The complexity of the field covered by agrophysics requires the efforts to be made in standardization of agrophysical measurement methods.

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DUAN, Hao, Shinya MORITA, Takuya HOSOBATA, Masahiro TAKEDA, and Yutaka YAMAGATA. "A trial toward sub-100 nm motion error compensation of ultra-precision machine tool using on-machine metrology system with chromatic confocal probe." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 15, no. 4 (2021): JAMDSM0048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2021jamdsm0048.

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Rafeld, Eva Katharina, Nils Koppert, Matthias Franke, Frank Keller, Daniel Heißelmann, Martin Stein, and Karin Kniel. "Recent developments on an interferometric multilateration measurement system for large volume coordinate metrology." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 035004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac407c.

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Abstract A mobile multilateration measurement system developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) around 2010 has been thoroughly investigated and refined to gain better performance with smaller uncertainties even when applied to the calibration of large complex workpieces. The mathematical background of multilateration and the propagation of uncertainties for the algorithms involved is explained in detail. Using the example of simple 1D and 2D measuring tasks, the influence of certain parameters characterizing the setup of the measurement system on the overall uncertainty is quantified. A strategy is developed to incorporate multi-stylus measurements which are often inevitable when workpieces feature complex shapes. The findings are verified on a large involute gear which is 2 m in diameter. All measurements are performed on PTB’s large coordinate measuring machine with a working range of 5 m × 4 m × 2 m .

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Woody, Bethany A., K. Scott Smith, Robert J. Hocken, and Jimmie A. Miller. "A Technique for Enhancing Machine Tool Accuracy by Transferring the Metrology Reference From the Machine Tool to the Workpiece." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 3 (October 9, 2006): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716718.

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High-speed machining (HSM) has had a large impact on the design and fabrication of aerospace parts and HSM techniques have been used to improve the quality of conventionally machined parts as well. Initially, the trend toward HSM of monolithic parts was focused on small parts, where existing machine tools have sufficient precision to machine the required features. But, as the technology continues to progress, the scale of monolithic parts has continued to grow. However, the growth of such parts has become limited by the inability of existing machines to achieve the tolerances required for assembly due to the long-range accuracy and the thermal environment of most machine tools. Increasing part size without decreasing the tolerances using existing technology requires very large and very accurate machines in a tightly controlled thermal environment. As a result, new techniques are needed to precisely and accurately manufacture large scale monolithic components. Previous work has established the fiducial calibration system (FCS), a technique, which, for the first time provides a method that allows for the accuracy of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to be transferred to the shop floor. This paper addresses the range of applicability of the FCS, and provides a method to answer two fundamental questions. First, given a set of machines and fiducials, how much improvement in precision of the finished part can be expected? And second, given a desired precision of the finished part, what machines and fiducials are required? The achievable improvement in precision using the FCS depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to: the type of fiducial, the probing system on the machine and CMM, the time required to make a measurement, and the frequency of measurement. In this paper, the sensitivity of the method to such items is evaluated through an uncertainty analysis, and examples are given indicating how this analysis can be used in a variety of cases.

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Pedergnana, Antonella, Ivan Calandra, Adrian A. Evans, Konstantin Bob, Andreas Hildebrandt, and Andreu Ollé. "Polish is quantitatively different on quartzite flakes used on different worked materials." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243295.

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Metrology has been successfully used in the last decade to quantify use-wear on stone tools. Such techniques have been mostly applied to fine-grained rocks (chert), while studies on coarse-grained raw materials have been relatively infrequent. In this study, confocal microscopy was employed to investigate polished surfaces on a coarse-grained lithology, quartzite. Wear originating from contact with five different worked materials were classified in a data-driven approach using machine learning. Two different classifiers, a decision tree and a support-vector machine, were used to assign the different textures to a worked material based on a selected number of parameters (Mean density of furrows, Mean depth of furrows, Core material volume-Vmc). The method proved successful, presenting high scores for bone and hide (100%). The obtained classification rates are satisfactory for the other worked materials, with the only exception of cane, which shows overlaps with other materials. Although the results presented here are preliminary, they can be used to develop future studies on quartzite including enlarged sample sizes.

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Kartika, Nadya Larasati, and Nurul Alfiyati. "ANALYSIS OF AIRY POINT APPLICATION ON LINE SCALE CALIBRATION IN RCM LIPI." Jurnal Standardisasi 20, no. 3 (January 16, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v20i3.717.

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Calibration of line scale in the Research Center for Metrology LIPI Indonesia (RCM-LIPI) is traceable to one dimensional measuring machine (SIP machine). Capability of the SIP machine table used as the base of line scale, however, covers only up to 400 mm and can be extended to 1000 mm using shifting methods. Supporting point as a method to maintain line scale still straight during measurement should be applied on machine table. For line scale ranged 400 mm, supporting point can be attached because the whole artefact is on the table, while some of the industrial instruments have scales above 400 mm, this mean slightly difficult to attach supporting point. This paper described an appropriate supporting points setting and their influence in line scale calibration ranged 500 mm by designed two systems supporting point attachment, they are L = 500 mm and L = 350 mm. As for the supporting points, airy points were used, because they were the most suitable for line scales with the pattern at the top plane. Each design is analysed using error graph and En score to determine the most suitable design for 500 mm line scale calibration.

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Mian, Syed Hammad, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, and Hisham Alkhalefah. "Analysis and Realization of Sampling Strategy in Coordinate Metrology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 18, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9574153.

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The stringent customer demands and competitive market emphasize the importance of efficient and effective inspection in industrial metrology. Therefore, the implementation of an appropriate sampling strategy, i.e., the number of points and their distribution, has become very important in the inspection process using a coordinate measuring machine. Moreover, the quality of inspection results has frequently been influenced by sampling plan as well as workpiece size and surface characteristics. It has been an indispensable problem in the present-day measurement processes. Thus, this paper investigates various sample sizes and different point distribution algorithms that can be employed in the evaluation of form error. The effect of specimen size and surface quality on the sampling strategy has also been investigated. Furthermore, this work employs a fuzzy based Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution approach to realize the best sampling strategy. The results have demonstrated the significance of robust optimization techniques as well as the importance of a suitable sampling strategy in coordinate metrology. This study has also established that Poisson point distribution achieved the best accuracy and the Grid point distribution had taken the least measurement time.

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Maresca, Piera, Emilio Gómez, Jesús Caja, and Cintia Barajas. "Modeling of a Horizontal Coordinate Measuring Machine." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.177.

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This paper presents a new virtual environment aimed to the realization of dimensional metrology practices, in the framework of the Degree in Mechanical Engineering of Technical University of Madrid. The development of this project allows the implementation of an interactive teaching model, focused on the student, which combines master classes and virtual applications, in an environment known as DE–learning (driven e-learning). This teaching tool directs and helps students on an individual way in the dynamic and interactive practice development. In particular, this module simulates the functioning, calibration and measurements using a horizontal coordinate measuring machine (HCMM). The program interface has been developed trying to create an easy-to-use environment for the students, in order to be a first contact with the HCMM and its possible metrological applications.

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Cempel, Czesław. "Decomposition of Symptom Observation Matrix and its Optimization in Vibration Condition Monitoring of Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 9 (October 2007): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.9.51.

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With the modern metrology we can measure almost all variables in the phenomenon field of a working machine, and many of measuring quantities can be symptoms of machine condition. On this basis we can form the symptom observation matrix (SOM) intended for condition monitoring. On the other hand we know, that contemporary complex machines may have many modes of failure, so called faults. The paper presents a method for the extraction of fault information from the symptom observation matrix by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) in the form of generalized fault symptoms. As the readings of the symptoms can be unstable, the moving average of the SOM was applied with success. The attempt to assess the diagnostic contribution of primary symptom was undertaken, and also some approach to connect SVD methodology with neural nets is considered. These possibilities are illustrated in the paper by processing data taken directly from the vibration condition monitoring of the machine.

Journal articles on the topic 'On-Machine metrology'

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