To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: On-site food production.
Journal articles on the topic 'On-site food production'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'On-site food production.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Matsakas, Leonidas, and Paul Christakopoulos. "Ethanol Production from Enzymatically Treated Dried Food Waste Using Enzymes Produced On-Site." Sustainability 7, no. 2 (2015): 1446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7021446.
Full text
2
Ghosh, Sumita, Robert Vale, and Brenda Vale. "Local food production in home gardens: measuring on-site sustainability potential of residential development." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 7, no. 4 (2008): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2008.022388.
Full text
3
Lorenzo, Fernando, Maria Sanz-Puig, Ramón Bertó, and Enrique Orihuel. "Assessment of Performance of Two Rapid Methods for On-Site Control of Microbial and Biofilm Contamination." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030744.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: The validation of hygiene procedures in food industries is paramount to ensure that food contact surfaces are properly decontaminated before production. Rapid, sensitive and reliable tools are needed for routine hygiene validation in order to increase food safety levels. Two novel tools for biofilm detection (TBF 300) and detection of low levels of microbial contamination (FreshCheck) have been assessed. (2) Methods: Biofilms of relevant food pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were grown for 3 and 10 days to assess the performance of the biofilm detection product. Surfaces were inoculated with different levels of L. monocytogenes to determine the limit of detection of FreshCheck. (3) Results: TBF 300 visibly stained 3 days-old biofilms of both pathogens, containing 5.0–5.4 log CFU/cm2. FreshCheck showed a positive reaction with contamination levels as low as 10 CFU/cm2 for L. monocytogenes. (4) Conclusions: Assessment of the hygienic status of food contact surfaces before production can be greatly improved with the use of the two novel tools evaluated in this study. The detection of microorganisms’ presence at very low levels of contamination as well as identification of biofilm growth spots is available in a rapid and easy way, with a big potential contribution to food safety.
4
De Bernardi, Paola, Alberto Bertello, and Francesco Venuti. "Online and On-Site Interactions within Alternative Food Networks: Sustainability Impact of Knowledge-Sharing Practices." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051457.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainability debate in the food sector has exposed the current food system to critics, encouraging the significant growth of Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), new ways of food production, distribution and consumption that aim to shorten the food chain. Our study is focused on Food Assembly (FA), a special kind of AFN combining the culture of social entrepreneurship and digital innovation to achieve sustainability and a high social impact. The coexistence of a digital platform and a weekly farmers’ market triggers, within this network, mechanisms of knowledge sharing and self-organisation. To date, however, few studies have focused simultaneously on online and on-site interactions within AFNs, especially with quantitative studies. Our paper aims to test the hypothesis that online and on-site knowledge sharing affects the success of a FA measured by customer sustainable behaviour change. To do so, we developed a quantitative analysis based on a regression model. We collected data via a questionnaire submitted to 8497 Italian FA customers, of which 2115 responses were included in our analysis. The results show that online knowledge sharing significantly affects customer change towards more sustainable purchasing and consumption behaviours, while on-site knowledge sharing positively affects sustainable purchasing behaviours.
5
Ho, G., S. Dallas, M. Anda, and K. Mathew. "On-site wastewater technologies in Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0346.
Full textAbstract:
Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productive use is being made for revegetation and food production strategies at household and community scales. Pollution control techniques, public health precautions and maintenance requirements are described. The special case of remote Aboriginal communities is explained where prototype systems have been installed by RADG to generate windbreaks and orchards. New Australian design standards and draft guidelines for domestic greywater reuse produced by the Western Australian State government agencies for mainstream communities are evaluated. It is recommended that dry composting toilets be coupled with domestic greywater reuse and the various types available in Australia are described. For situations where only the flushing toilet will suffice the unique “wet composting” system can be used and this also is described. A vision for household and community-scale on-site application is presented.
6
Prasoulas, George, Aggelos Gentikis, Aikaterini Konti, Styliani Kalantzi, Dimitris Kekos, and Diomi Mamma. "Bioethanol Production from Food Waste Applying the Multienzyme System Produced On-Site by Fusarium oxysporum F3 and Mixed Microbial Cultures." Fermentation 6, no. 2 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6020039.
Full textAbstract:
Waste management and production of clean and affordable energy are two main challenges that our societies face. Food waste (FW), in particular, can be used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol because of its composition which is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and starch. However, the cost of the necessary enzymes used to convert FW to ethanol remains an obstacle. The on-site production of the necessary enzymes could be a possible solution. In the present study, the multienzyme production by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum F3 under solid state cultivation using different agroindustrial residues was explored. Maximum amylase, glucoamylase, endoglucanase, b-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, b-xylosidase and total cellulase titers on wheat bran (WB) were 17.8, 0.1, 65.2, 27.4, 3.5, 221.5, 0.7, 0.052 and 1.5 U/g WB respectively. F. oxysporum was used for the hydrolysis of FW and the subsequent ethanol production. To boost ethanol production, mixed F. oxysporum and S. cerevisiae cultures were also used. Bioethanol production by F. oxysporum monoculture reached 16.3 g/L (productivity 0.17 g/L/h), while that of the mixed culture was 20.6 g/L (productivity 1.0 g/L/h). Supplementation of the mixed culture with glucoamylase resulted in 30.3 g/L ethanol with a volumetric productivity of 1.4 g/L/h.
7
Sutka, R. L., N. E. Ostrom, P. H. Ostrom, et al. "Distinguishing Nitrous Oxide Production from Nitrification and Denitrification on the Basis of Isotopomer Abundances." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (2006): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.638-644.2006.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The intramolecular distribution of nitrogen isotopes in N2O is an emerging tool for defining the relative importance of microbial sources of this greenhouse gas. The application of intramolecular isotopic distributions to evaluate the origins of N2O, however, requires a foundation in laboratory experiments in which individual production pathways can be isolated. Here we evaluate the site preferences of N2O produced during hydroxylamine oxidation by ammonia oxidizers and by a methanotroph, ammonia oxidation by a nitrifier, nitrite reduction during nitrifier denitrification, and nitrate and nitrite reduction by denitrifiers. The site preferences produced during hydroxylamine oxidation were 33.5 ± 1.2‰, 32.5 ± 0.6‰, and 35.6 ± 1.4‰ for Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosospira multiformis, and Methylosinus trichosporium, respectively, indicating similar site preferences for methane and ammonia oxidizers. The site preference of N2O from ammonia oxidation by N. europaea (31.4 ± 4.2‰) was similar to that produced during hydroxylamine oxidation (33.5 ± 1.2‰) and distinct from that produced during nitrifier denitrification by N. multiformis (0.1 ± 1.7‰), indicating that isotopomers differentiate between nitrification and nitrifier denitrification. The site preferences of N2O produced during nitrite reduction by the denitrifiers Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas aureofaciens (−0.6 ± 1.9‰ and −0.5 ± 1.9‰, respectively) were similar to those during nitrate reduction (−0.5 ± 1.9‰ and −0.5 ± 0.6‰, respectively), indicating no influence of either substrate on site preference. Site preferences of ∼33‰ and ∼0‰ are characteristic of nitrification and denitrification, respectively, and provide a basis to quantitatively apportion N2O.
8
Yanes, Yurena, Rainer Hutterer, and Jörg Linstädter. "On the transition from hunting-gathering to food production in NE Morocco as inferred from archeological Phorcus turbinatus shells." Holocene 28, no. 8 (2018): 1301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618771474.
Full textAbstract:
Processes behind the shift from hunting-gathering to food production lifestyle are multifaceted and not yet completely understood. The Mediterranean coast of NW Africa provides an eclectic transitional pattern, namely, a very hesitant transition to food production. The distribution and abundance of early Neolithic domesticated species is disparate and region specific. Climate and environmental change have been often considered as an important influencing factor for this transition. This hypothesis was tested using archeological shells of the rocky intertidal gastropod Phorcus turbinatus recovered from the Ifri Oudadane site in NE Morocco. The oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of the shell was used to examine whether the hesitant transition to food production was linked to a local climate shift in the Mediterranean Maghreb. Intrashell δ18O values suggest a marked temperature increase from >7.6 to ~7.0 cal. ka BP, the time when Neolithic innovations first appear on site. An additional increase in temperature from ~7.0 to <6.8 cal. ka BP matches with the beginning of the main occupation phase and the doubtless breakthrough of cultivation at Ifri Oudadane. This apparent warming trend, although considered preliminary, seems to match well with warming tendency observed in several published regional climate proxies. Therefore, a temperature shift may have played a role in the timing and implementation of food production in the area. Last growth episode δ18O values suggest that shellfish were harvested throughout most of the year, with noticeable intensification during the cooler half of the year. This preliminary pattern was fairly consistent throughout the Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic phases, pointing to a probable near year-round site occupation rather than a single season settlement. Future research on Ifri Oudadane and other NW African archeological records are much needed to assess whether these patterns persist in Morocco and other Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic settlements in the western Mediterranean Maghreb.
9
Tóth, Árpád, and Zoltán Győri. "Effects of Site on Winter Wheat Quality 2002/2003." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (October 3, 2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3391.
Full textAbstract:
The demand of modern societies for high food quality is evident. Thus, it is important for agriculture to produce row materials that are valuable for nutrition and have favourable characteristics for food processing. For this we need a knowledge about the factors which determine the quality of products. One of the main features of plant production is the “immobility”. This way the characteristics of the field influence the quality of the product, like example winter wheat, which is the main cereal in Hungary and Europe.The Concordia Co. has charged the Central Laboratory of Debrecen University, Agricultural Centre with laboratory testing of the 2002/2003 winter wheat crop. The samples consist of thirteen winter wheat varieties from six different sites under the same cultivating conditions. Therefore, the important wheat quality factors were analysed solely against site conditions with the use of Győri’s “Z” index, which contains these parameters.Soils were tested first. In this experiment excepting the negligible differences between the sites, there were no linear relations found between quality factors, productivity and soil features. The case is the same with the relation between precipitation, temperature and quality parameters. However, it must be noted that additional soil analyses are required to interpret the extreme results obtained from Karcag.The calculated Győri’s Z-index shows relative stability concerning certain varieties, although considerable deviation can be found in varieties related to the sites. According to these results, it can bestated that winter wheat quality was not linearly influenced by soil and weather in the 2002/2003 vegetation period. As the same cultivation technology was used in the experiment, the index was determined by genetic features. It must be noted that these findings are relevant only to this experiment.
10
Morrison, Michael, Chantal Wight, and Emily Evans. "Report on excavation of a shell mound site at Mandjungaar, western Cape York Peninsula." Queensland Archaeological Research 21 (May 2, 2018): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.21.2018.3637.
Full textAbstract:
This short report presents results of excavation and analysis of a shell mound deposit at Mandjungaar, near Weipa, Cape York Peninsula. This study was initiated as a cultural heritage management project focused on a shell mound site damaged by unauthorised clearing of access tracks. This study included a small research component to establish a baseline understanding of longer-term use history of the Mandjungaar area at the request of Ndrua’angayth custodians. This included excavation and analysis of a test pit at the site. Results of the study are presented and contextualised in relation to previous research on the Weipa Peninsula in order to expand our understanding of the wider cultural history of the southern Weipa Peninsula. These results provide further support for the assertion that shell mound formation in the Albatross Bay region involved food production activities that were strategically focused on estuarine mud and sandflat ecosystems. In doing so, this dataset provides additional support for the previously proposed niche production model of shell mound formation.
11
Shoaib, Syed Abu, Mohammad Zaved Kaiser Khan, Nahid Sultana, and Taufique H. Mahmood. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Food Security Modeling." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010033.
Full textAbstract:
Food security is considered as the most important global challenge. Therefore, identifying long-term drivers of food security and their connections is essential to steer policymakers determining policies for future food security and sustainable development. Given the complexity and uncertainty of multidimensional food security, quantifying the extent of uncertainty is vital. In this study, we investigated the uncertainty of a coupled hydrologic food security model to examine the impacts of climatic warming on food production (rice, cereal and wheat) in a mild temperature study site in China. In addition to varying temperature, our study also investigated the impacts of three CO2 emission scenarios—the Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5—on food production. Our ultimate objective was to quantify the uncertainty in a coupled hydrologic food security model and report the sources and timing of uncertainty under a warming climate using a coupled hydrologic food security model tested against observed food production years. Our study shows an overall increasing trend in rice, cereal and wheat production under a warming climate. Crop yield data from China are used to demonstrate the extent of uncertainty in food security modeling. An innovative and systemic approach is developed to quantify the uncertainty in food security modeling. Crop yield variability with the rising trend of temperature also demonstrates a new insight in quantifying uncertainty in food security modeling.
12
Park, Jin Woo, Ha Young Oh, Duck Young Kim, and Yong Ju Cho. "Plant Location Selection for Food Production by Considering the Regional and Seasonal Supply Vulnerability of Raw Materials." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7494398.
Full textAbstract:
A production capacity analysis considering market demand and raw materials is very important to design a new plant. However, in the food processing industry, the supply uncertainty of raw materials is very high, depending on the production site and the harvest season, and further, it is not straightforward to analyze too complex food production systems by using an analytical optimization model. For these reasons, this study presents a simulation-based decision support model to select the right location for a new food processing plant. We first define three supply vulnerability factors from the standpoint of regional as well as seasonal instability and present an assessment method for supply vulnerability based on fuzzy quantification. The evaluated vulnerability scores are then converted into raw material supply variations for food production simulation to predict the quarterly production volume of a new food processing plant. The proposed selection procedure is illustrated using a case study of semiprocessed kimchi production. The best plant location is proposed where we can reduce and mitigate risks when supplying raw material, thereby producing a target production volume steadily.
13
Turasan, Hazal, and Jozef Kokini. "Novel Nondestructive Biosensors for the Food Industry." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (2021): 539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062520-082307.
Full textAbstract:
An increasing number of foodborne outbreaks, growing consumer desire for healthier products, and surging numbers of food allergy cases necessitate strict handling and screening of foods at every step of the food supply chain. Current standard procedures for detecting food toxins, contaminants, allergens, and pathogens require costly analytical devices, skilled technicians, and long sample preparation times. These challenges can be overcome with the use of biosensors because they provide accurate, rapid, selective, qualitative, and quantitative detection of analytes. Their ease of use, low-cost production, portability, and nondestructive measurement techniques also enable on-site detection of analytes. For this reason, biosensors find many applications in food safety and quality assessments. The detection mechanisms of biosensors can be varied with the use of different transducers, such as optical, electrochemical, or mechanical. These options provide a more appropriate selection of the biosensors for the intended use. In this review, recent studies focusing on the fabrication of biosensors for food safety or food quality purposes are summarized. To differentiate the detection mechanisms, the review is divided into sections based on the transducer type used.
14
Lee, Hyeon Cheol, Jin Ha Kim, Sang Yong Kim, and Jung Kul Lee. "Isomaltose Production by Modification of the Fructose-Binding Site on the Basis of the Predicted Structure of Sucrose Isomerase from “Protaminobacter rubrum”." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 16 (2008): 5183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00181-08.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT “Protaminobacter rubrum” sucrose isomerase (SI) catalyzes the isomerization of sucrose to isomaltulose and trehalulose. SI catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond with retention of the anomeric configuration via a mechanism that involves a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate. It possesses a 325RLDRD329 motif, which is highly conserved and plays an important role in fructose binding. The predicted three-dimensional active-site structure of SI was superimposed on and compared with those of other α-glucosidases in family 13. We identified two Arg residues that may play important roles in SI-substrate binding with weak ionic strength. Mutations at Arg325 and Arg328 in the fructose-binding site reduced isomaltulose production and slightly increased trehalulose production. In addition, the perturbed interactions between the mutated residues and fructose at the fructose-binding site seemed to have altered the binding affinity of the site, where glucose could now bind and be utilized as a second substrate for isomaltose production. From eight mutant enzymes designed based on structural analysis, the R325Q mutant enzyme exhibiting high relative activity for isomaltose production was selected. We recorded 40.0% relative activity at 15% (wt/vol) additive glucose with no temperature shift; the maximum isomaltose concentration and production yield were 57.9 g liter−1 and 0.55 g of isomaltose/g of sucrose, respectively. Furthermore, isomaltose production increased with temperature but decreased at a temperature of >35°C. Maximum isomaltose production (75.7 g liter−1) was recorded at 35°C, and its yield for the consumed sucrose was 0.61 g g−1 with the addition of 15% (wt/vol) glucose. The relative activity for isomaltose production increased progressively with temperature and reached 45.9% under the same conditions.
15
Daugovish, Oleg, and Michi Yamomoto. "(112) Bird Control in Production Strawberries with Falconry." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1047C—1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1047c.
Full textAbstract:
California leads national strawberry fruit production with annual value in Ventura County alone near $300 million. Bird damage to fruit routinely accounts for 3–5% losses and may exceed 50% in some fields. Conventional bird control tools have limited or no effect on fruit damage and may contribute to noise pollution. A four-site study at Oxnard, Calif., from Jan. to Apr. 2005 (highest value fresh market season) showed that release of Peregrine, Saker, or Barbary falcons in combination with helium balloon launching (site 4) in response to fruit damage reduced fruit damage from 80–90% to 15–20% after 1 week. When fruit damage increased again (>20%) a repeated 1-week daily program completely reduced fruit damage during the rest of the season. Falconry alone at site 2 (near man-made structures) for two consecutive days reduced fruit damage from 70–80% to 10–20%, however, at site 3, near giant reed, three weeks of daily releases did not eliminate the damage, but confined it to the strawberry beds adjacent to reed shelter (reducing overall damage from 100% to 25–50%). High frequency of release is likely unfeasible and destruction of shelter habitat may be justified. Falconry alone before damage occurrence (site 1) seemed to prevent fruit damage; however, lack of birds and fruit damage before, during, and after releases made it difficult to draw conclusions about the success of the preventive program. In April, no fruit damage occurred even during bird presence suggesting the change in their diet. The study showed that seed-eating birds were the main pests at Oxnard, Calif., and that trained falcons can disperse them, thus, reducing fruit damage. The success of falconry was site-specific and depended on proximity of suitable habitat and availability of food sources for pest birds.
16
Rosenthal, Sarah, and Shelley Jansky. "Effect of production site and storage on antioxidant levels in specialty potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) tubers." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88, no. 12 (2008): 2087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3318.
Full text
17
POWELL, DOUGLAS A., MAURICIO BOBADILLA-RUIZ, AMANDA WHITFIELD, MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS, and AMBER LUEDTKE. "Development, Implementation, and Analysis of an On-Farm Food Safety Program for the Production of Greenhouse Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 6 (2002): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.6.918.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh fruits and vegetables are increasingly recognized as vectors for foodborne illness. Consequently, an on-farm food safety program was developed, implemented, and analyzed for the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers in Ontario, Canada, during a 2½-year period. This hazard analysis critical control point–based system was designed to reduce the potential of microbial contamination along the entire production and distribution process. Through the use of microbiological testing, on-site visits, and producer surveys, it was determined that the program has increased grower knowledge, understanding, and awareness of microbial risks associated with fresh produce and caused improvements in practices used within the greenhouse and packing sheds.
18
Bridle, Kerry, Margy Fitzgerald, David Green, Janet Smith, Peter McQuillan, and Ted Lefroy. "Relationships between site characteristics, farming system and biodiversity on Australian mixed farms." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09042.
Full textAbstract:
A collaborative project between researchers, regional natural resource management organisations and landholders set out to explore three questions about the relationships between biodiversity and land use in Australia’s mixed-farming landscapes: (1) the extent to which farm-scale measures of biodiversity were related to agricultural production; (2) the influence of the type and intensity of agricultural production on native biodiversity on farms; and (3) the relative influence of site and farming system on selected measures of biodiversity. Four land-use types on 47 mixed farms across nine regions, derived from several of Australia’s 56 natural resource management regions, were surveyed in autumn and spring 2006 and 2007. Surveys of birds, surface invertebrates (beetles, ants, spiders), vegetation and soils were undertaken on four land classes on each farm; crop, ‘rotation’ (break crop/pasture phase), perennial pasture and remnant vegetation. Data were collected by participating regional staff, using a standard protocol, which were sent to a central collection point for collation, analysis and interpretation. Species richness, functional diversity and vegetation structure were assessed. This introductory paper focuses on results relating to species richness, which for most taxa was greater in remnant vegetation than other land-use classes and declined along a disturbance gradient (remnant, pasture, rotation, crop). Properties with a greater proportion of perennial pastures recorded higher species richness than properties that were dominated by crop. Properties that recorded high wheat yields (t/ha) also recorded lower species richness for spiders and birds. The presence of insectivorous birds and beneficial invertebrates (spiders, beetles and ants) in all land-use classes suggests the potential to apply integrated pest management approaches to mixed-farming systems across the country. Site and system features were found to be important determinants of biodiversity, with their relative importance varying with the scale of investigation and the taxa. At the landscape scale, bird species richness was correlated with the amount of remnant vegetation within a 5-km radius of the farm boundary, and with the condition of native vegetation on the farm. The average size of remnant vegetation patches was 5 ha or less on nearly half of the properties surveyed. At the farm scale, ant species richness was correlated with site features, while beetles were correlated with management/system features such as the presence and fertility of perennial pastures. Analyses at the functional group level will provide more detailed information on relationships between different land-use types. Further experimental work needs to be undertaken to qualify the suggested impact of land management practices on different taxa, while repeated surveys will allow for the collation of datasets over time, from which population dynamics may be determined.
19
Moses, Andrew A., Jacob S. Stevens, Derek Fine, et al. "Protocol for Local On-Site Dialysate Production for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Kidney360 2, no. 7 (2021): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000652021.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAKI frequently occurs in patients with COVID-19, and kidney injury severe enough to require RRT is a common complication among patients who are critically ill. During the surge of the pandemic, there was a high demand for dialysate for continuous RRT, and this increase in demand, coupled with vulnerabilities in the supply chain, necessitated alternative approaches, including internal production of dialysate. Using a standard hemodialysis machine and off-the-shelf supplies, as per Food and Drug Administration guidelines, we developed a method for on-site dialysate production that is adaptable and can be used to fill multiple bags at once. The use of a central reverse osmosis unit, dedicated hemodialysis machine, sterile bags with separate ports for fill and use, and frequent testing will ensure stability, sterility, and—therefore—safety of the produced dialysate. The dialysate made in house was tested and it showed both stability and sterility for at least 30 hours. This detailed description of our process for generating dialysate can serve as a guide for other programs experiencing similar vulnerabilities in the demand versus supply of dialysate.
20
Junger, Michel, and Dolors Planas. "Quantitative Use of Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis to Determine the Trophic Base of Invertebrate Communities in a Boreal Forest Lotic System." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 1 (1994): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-007.
Full textAbstract:
Stable carbon isotope mixing models were combined with inventories of macroinvertebrate biomass to quantitatively assess the trophic base of three contrasting lotic ecosystems in a boreal forest drainage system in spring/early summer. In a second-order partially shaded stream and in a fourth-order unshaded river, 13C/12C ratios of autochthonous and allochthonous food sources were distinct, allowing the use of isotopic mixing equations to calculate the relative contribution of both sources to consumer biomasses. In a small shaded lake outlet, isotopic compositions of autochthonous and allochthonous carbon were similar but distinct from that of lake seston which was relatively 13C depleted. The mixing model for the lake outlet thus discriminated between feeding on lake-derived food and on combined autochthonous and allochthonous food sources. Percent food utilization calculated for each invertebrate taxon by a site-specific mixing equation was weighted by biomass data to define the food bases of primary consumer communities. The food base was clearly dominated by lacustrine inputs (which represented >80% of the total food base) in the lake outlet, by allochthonous inputs (≈75%) in the second-order site, and by autochthonous production (≈60%) in the fourth-order site.
21
LUEDTKE, AMBER N., BENJAMIN CHAPMAN, and DOUGLAS A. POWELL. "Implementation and Analysis of an On-Farm Food Safety Program for the Production of Greenhouse Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 3 (2003): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.3.485.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh fruits and vegetables are increasingly being recognized as vectors for foodborne illness. In 1998, an on-farm food safety program was developed for the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) in Ontario, Canada. This hazard analysis critical control point–based system was designed to reduce the potential of microbial contamination along the entire production and distribution process. A previous report (D. A. Powell, M. Bobadilla-Ruiz, A. Whitfield, M. W. Griffiths, and A. Luedtke, J. Food Prot. 65:918–923) outlined the first 2 years of the program; the present report documents the third year of the program's implementation. Through individual on-site grower visits and the microbiological testing of produce and water, the program's OGVG member requirements were determined, and the program's success was assessed. Growers' knowledge, understanding, and awareness of microbial risks associated with fresh produce have increased, and improvements in practices used in greenhouses and packing sheds were noted.
22
Suroso, Suroso. "KEBIJAKAN PEMILIHAN LOKASI PEMBANGUNAN LUMBUNG PANGAN." Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK 10, no. 1 (2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33658/jl.v10i1.72.
Full textAbstract:
ENGLISHPati Regency is an agricultural region and it is vulnerable to flood disaster so development of food storage to support availability of food is needed. The objective of the research is to analyze the site selection for development of food storage. This research uses descriptive-quantitative approach. This research consists of (1) main food production; and (2) site selection for development of food storage. Data collecting of the research uses the technique of observation in related documents. The research uses descriptive analysis. There are two main findings in the research. Firstly, food production in the area study is 439,371.67 ton. It is 292% compared to normative need consumption of food so there is 288,901.92 ton of food which is potential to store. Secondly, development of food storage by consideration on food production, access and risk of food will be optimum if it is located in Kayen District. INDONESIAKabupaten Pati merupakan daerah agraris dan rentan terkena bencana banjir sehingga pembangunan lumbung pangan untuk menopang ketersediaan cadangan pangan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis pemilihan lokasi pembangunan lumbung pangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kuantitatif. Penelitian ini memiliki 2 variabel: (1) produksi pangan pokok; dan (2) pemilihan lokasi pembangunan lumbung pangan. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dokumen dinas/instansi terkait. Analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini memiliki 2 temuan utama. Pertama, produksi pangan sebesar 439.371,67 ton (292%) dari kebutuhan normatif konsumsi sehingga kelebihan produksi yang berpotensi untuk disimpan sebanyak 288.901,92 ton (192%). Kedua, lokasi terbaik untuk pembangunan lumbung pangan dengan pertimbangan produksi pangan, akses jalan dan risiko banjir, paling optimal bila ditempatkan di Kecamatan Kayen.
23
Thomas, D. T., C. L. White, J. Hardy, J. P. Collins, A. Ryder, and H. C. Norman. "An on-farm evaluation of the capability of saline land for livestock production in southern Australia." Animal Production Science 49, no. 1 (2009): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08122.
Full textAbstract:
Grazing livestock on revegetated saline land is one of few profitable options to continue using this class of agricultural land. However, there has been little research conducted to assess the capability of saline land to support livestock production based on the soil and water characteristics at a particular site. In this study, data from 11 grazing studies collected from eight commercial farms across southern Australia were used to estimate metabolisable energy (ME) utilised/ha, as well as total ME produced/ha. All data were from the autumn (March–May) period, when feed is normally in short supply and of limited quality. Site characteristics indicative of the severity of salinisation varied across the sites. Topsoil electrical conductivity (ECe) ranged from 1 to 33 dS/m and groundwater EC from 14 to 60 dS/m (equivalent to sea water). Feed on offer before grazing varied from 700 kg dry matter/ha to 9000 kg dry matter/ha between sites. Thinopyrum ponticum and Puccinellia ciliata featured prominently in the less saline revegetated sites, with Atriplex spp. present on the more saline sites and some lucerne and rhodes grass on the less saline, well drained sites. Grazing days per ha for sheep (ME-adjusted dry sheep equivalent) on autumn pastures across the sites ranged from 41 to 3600, and liveweight gains ranged from –95 to 314 g/sheep.day. The grazing value of the highest producing saltland was at least as high as that expected on adjacent areas that were not salt affected. The major advantage of establishing saltland pastures included an out-of-season feed supply high in crude protein and micronutrients that possessed the ability to capture summer and autumn rain. This should represent a substantial reduction in supplementary feed costs and increases the flexibility of methods for feeding livestock through periods of low annual pasture availability. The value of the ME produced on the highest yielding saltland pasture was estimated to be $360/ha based on substituting the best alternative strategy of purchasing lupin grain as a supplement. A quadratic relationship (R2 = 0.62, P = 0.024) was found between soil ECe and ME produced across the sites. Significant relationships were not found between other saline site characteristics and ME production, which partly reflects the complexity of these systems as well as limitations with site characterisation.
24
Zuyakova, L. P. "Technical and technological support justification of the microbiological products' production for plant protection." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-23.
Full textAbstract:
Annotation Purpose. To substantiate recommendations and perspective technical and technological decisions on production of microbiological preparations for protection of plants against diseases and pests for creation of bioproductions. Methods. Analytical review of scientific and technical sources, normative, balance and technical-economic calculations. Results. Recommendations for the production of microbiopreparations are substantiated and an industrial site for the production of microbiopreparations with a capacity of 420 l/cycle is recommended. The main technological equipment is the fermentation complex FKM-420, developed by specialists of ITI “Biotechnics” NAAS for the cultivation of liquid microbiota. Substantiated recommendations for the production of microbiological products. Conclusions. Recommended industrial site for the production of microbiological products with a capacity of 420 l/cycle. Obtaining biological products as close as possible to their use (to areas under crops) will positively affect the quality of biological products and the cost of crop production, will provide additional jobs in rural areas and organic food, and will also contribute to the revival of Ukrainian black soil. The implementation of the biomethod depends on state support in the form of subsidies (subsidies), which will stimulate the development of organic production in Ukraine. Organic farming using the biological method of protecting agricultural plants from diseases and pests will make it possible to obtain high-quality environmentally friendly food for the population, help preserve the nation's gene pool, raise the image of the state, and also reduce environmental pollution and increase soil fertility. Keywords: microbiological preparations, plant protection, bioproduction, industrial site, fermentation complex, technological equipment.
25
Komen, Simeon K., Julius O. Ochuodho, and Elmada O. Auma. "Effect of Site and Variety on Yield of Seed Potato in the North Rift Region of Kenya." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (2018): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Potato is Kenya’s second staple food crop, grown by small scale farmers who recycle seed due to unavailability of certified one, resulting in diseases build-up that reduces yields. The subdivision of once seed farms and change of use in the 1980’s effectively limit availability of suitable land for seed production against high demand of quality seed. Hence search for alternative sites in the North Rift for seed production are being explored. However, current varieties in commercial production were not evaluated for their performance in this region. The objectives of the study were to identify suitable potato varieties for seed production and for which elevation in the region.Well sprouted seed tubers of six local varieties were planted at Kitale (1901 m), Kapcherop (2386 m) and Kibigos (2887 m) above sea level following recommended management practices. Plant emergence was slowest at Kibigos while fastest at Kitale. Stem density varied with varieties and attained maximum numbers at 56 days after planting. Most of the varieties had 80% of tubers in seed grade 70 days after planting at Kitale. Introduction of potato varieties should be preceded by evaluation for their performance as some varieties seem more suitable while others do well across the sites for seed production. In cooler areas like Kapcherop and Kibigos potato tubers remain younger, emerge slowly compared to warmer areas, but attain maximum emergence 30 days after planting. Some varieties like Dutch Ronjin, have high number of tubers in seed size category while some have more ware size potatoes grown in same elevation for the same growth period.
26
Filipovic, Dragana, and Nenad Tasic. "Vinca-Belo Brdo, a late neolithic site in Serbia consideration of the macro-botanical remains as indicators of dietary habits." Balcanica, no. 43 (2012): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1243007f.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of macro-botanical remains from the late Neolithic site of Vinca-Belo Brdo has provided first information on the range of crops and wild plants present at the site, and revealed their potential role as foodstuffs. The abundance and distribution of certain plant taxa across different archaeological deposits suggests to what extent they were used within the settlement. The analyzed plant remains also offer insight into the types of food consumed by Vinca residents and serve as a basis for inferring the seasonality and method of food provision/production and activities related to plant use.
27
Broberg, Malin C., Petra Högy, Zhaozhong Feng, and Håkan Pleijel. "Effects of Elevated CO2 on Wheat Yield: Non-Linear Response and Relation to Site Productivity." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050243.
Full textAbstract:
Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) is well known to stimulate plant photosynthesis and growth. Elevated carbon dioxide’s effects on crop yields are of particular interest due to concerns for future food security. We compiled experimental data where field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) was exposed to different CO2 concentrations. Yield and yield components were analyzed by meta-analysis to estimate average effects, and response functions derived to assess effect size in relation to CO2 concentration. Grain yield increased by 26% under eCO2 (average ambient concentration of 372 ppm and elevated 605 ppm), mainly due to the increase in grain number. The response function for grain yield with CO2 concentration strongly suggests a non-linear response, where yield stimulation levels off at ~600 ppm. This was supported by the meta-analysis, which did not indicate any significant difference in yield stimulation in wheat grown at 456–600 ppm compared to 601–750 ppm. Yield response to eCO2 was independent of fumigation technique and rooting environment, but clearly related to site productivity, where relative CO2 yield stimulation was stronger in low productive systems. The non-linear yield response, saturating at a relatively modest elevation of CO2, was of large importance for crop modelling and assessments of future food production under rising CO2.
28
Aso, Sammy N., Pratap C. Pullammanappallil, Arthur A. Teixeira, and Bruce A. Welt. "Biogasification of Cassava Residue for On‐Site Biofuel Generation for Food Production with Potential Cost Minimization, Health and Environmental Safety Dividends." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 38, no. 4 (2019): 13138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.13138.
Full text
29
Fernandez-Zamudio, Maria-Angeles, Héctor Barco, and Felicitas Schneider. "Direct Measurement of Mass and Economic Harvest and Post-Harvest Losses in Spanish Persimmon Primary Production." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120581.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, one in every three produced kilograms is wasted at some point along the entire agri-food chain. Unfortunately, knowledge about losses and waste is not equally distributed along the food chain. In fact, in some stages the primary data required to properly estimate the magnitude of the problem are lacking. This is especially true for agricultural production, for which studies that have used on-site measurements are scarce. The present study analyses the mass losses and unpaid share that occur during the harvest process and persimmon storage in warehouses in the Valencia region, Spain. The study was carried out using on-site measurements and primary data from the harvest and storage phases. Losses were also classified according to their causes. The total mass and economic losses were estimated as either 29.5% for the total produced volume or 38.5% for the number of finally commercialised kilograms. This work aims to highlight the complex problem in primary production with the mass and economic losses that farmers bear and to show the potential of loss reduction measures.
30
Hoffmann, Tanja, Natasha Lyons, Debbie Miller, et al. "Engineered feature used to enhance gardening at a 3800-year-old site on the Pacific Northwest Coast." Science Advances 2, no. 12 (2016): e1601282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601282.
Full textAbstract:
Humans use a variety of deliberate means to modify biologically rich environs in pursuit of resource stability and predictability. Empirical evidence suggests that ancient hunter-gatherer populations engineered ecological niches to enhance the productivity and availability of economically significant resources. An archaeological excavation of a 3800-year-old wetland garden in British Columbia, Canada, provides the first direct evidence of an engineered feature designed to facilitate wild plant food production among mid-to-late Holocene era complex fisher-hunter-gatherers of the Northwest Coast. This finding provides an example of environmental, economic, and sociopolitical coevolutionary relationships that are triggered when humans manipulate niche environs.
31
Sonneveld, B. G. J. S., M. D. Houessou, G. J. M. van den Boom, and A. Aoudji. "Where Do I Allocate My Urban Allotment Gardens? Development of a Site Selection Tool for Three Cities in Benin." Land 10, no. 3 (2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030318.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of rapid urbanization, poorer residents in cities across low- and middle-income countries increasingly experience food and nutrition deficiencies. The United Nations has highlighted urban agriculture (UA) as a viable solution to food insecurity, by empowering the urban poor to produce their own fresh foods and make some profit from surplus production. Despite its potential role in reducing poverty and food insecurity, there appears to be little political will to support urban agriculture. This is seen in unclear political mandates that are sustained by information gaps on selection criteria for UA sites. The research reported here addresses this issue in the form of a decision-making support tool that assesses the suitability of cadastral units and informal plots for allotment gardens in urban and peri-urban areas. The tool was developed and tested for three rapidly expanding cities in Benin, a low-income country in West Africa, based on an ordered logit model that relates a set of 300 expert assessments on site suitability to georeferenced information on biophysical and socio-economic characteristics. Soil, land use, groundwater depth, vicinity to market and women’s safety were significant factors in the assessment. Scaled up across all cadastral units and informal sites, the tool generated detailed baseline maps on site suitability and availability of areas. Its capacity to support policymakers in selecting appropriate sites comes to the fore by reporting changes in site suitability under scenarios of improved soil fertility and enhanced safety for women.
32
BARBER, DAVID A., PETER B. BAHNSON, RICHARD ISAACSON, CARL J. JONES, and RONALD M. WEIGEL. "Distribution of Salmonella in Swine Production Ecosystems." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 12 (2002): 1861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.12.1861.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within swine production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for swine. Twelve single-site production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (11%), bird feces (8%), flies (6%), and mice (5%); 2.1% of 4,024 swine samples were positive. All 221 feed samples were negative for Salmonella. There was a correlation between a farm having a high prevalence of shedding Salmonella in pigs and a high abundance on pen floors, flies, and boots. The most common serotypes detected were Derby, Agona, Worthington, and Uganda, which were distributed throughout the ecosystem, suggesting widespread transmission across ecological compartments. The ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella suggests that an effective control strategy must target multiple compartments of the swine production ecosystem.
33
Adugu, Emmanuel. "Political Consumption as Supplement to Conventional Political Participation in Promoting Social Change." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 7, no. 1 (2016): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2016010103.
Full textAbstract:
Research indicates that individual consumers with food safety, environmental and ethical concerns regarding the provisioning of food may be motivated to use the marketplace as a site for political action to promote social change—a phenomenon known as political consumption (PC). Using data from Ohio 2007 Survey of Food, Farming and Environment, this research examined individual level attributes shaping engagement in PC and conventional political action. Findings based on logistic regression analyses, reveal that engagement in conventional political behavior is positively related to the likelihood of engagement in political consumption. This suggests that engagement in conventional political action and political consumption are not mutually exclusive. The main factors associated with engagement in political consumption are: knowledge about food production, environmental and food safety concerns. These findings suggest that consumers with concerns about the organization and character of food production believe they can create social changes via their consumptive decisions.
34
Le Foll, Christelle, and Barry E. Levin. "Fatty acid-induced astrocyte ketone production and the control of food intake." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 11 (2016): R1186—R1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00113.2016.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are major worldwide public health issues today. A relationship between total fat intake and obesity has been found. In addition, the mechanisms of long-term and excessive high-fat diet (HFD) intake in the development of obesity still need to be elucidated. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a major site involved in the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis where “metabolic sensing neurons” integrate metabolic signals from the periphery. Among these signals, fatty acids (FA) modulate the activity of VMH neurons using the FA translocator/CD36, which plays a critical role in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. During low-fat diet (LFD) intake, FA are oxidized by VMH astrocytes to fuel their ongoing metabolic needs. However, HFD intake causes VMH astrocytes to use FA to generate ketone bodies. We postulate that these astrocyte-derived ketone bodies are exported to neurons where they produce excess ATP and reactive oxygen species, which override CD36-mediated FA sensing and act as a signal to decrease short-term food intake. On a HFD, VMH astrocyte-produced ketones reduce elevated caloric intake to LFD levels after 3 days in rats genetically predisposed to resist (DR) diet-induced obesity (DIO), but not leptin-resistant DIO rats. This suggests that, while VMH ketone production on a HFD can contribute to protection from obesity, the inherent leptin resistance overrides this inhibitory action of ketone bodies on food intake. Thus, astrocytes and neurons form a tight metabolic unit that is able to monitor circulating nutrients to alter food intake and energy homeostasis.
35
Chattopadhyay, K., S. Gayan, I. Mondal, et al. "Stress Tolerant Rice And On-Farm Seed Production Ensure Food Security And Livelihood To Small And Marginal Farmers Of Sundarbans (Indian Site)." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 2 (2020): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45300.
Full textAbstract:
Natural calamities have adverse effects on the life of marginal and small farmer practicing rice cultivation in Sundarban areas. Through discussion and questionnaires opinion of farmers were obtained that was applied to mitigate the problem of rice cultivation. Rice varieties tolerant to stagnant flooding, submergence and salinity had great promise to improve food security and livelihoods of the poor farmers of Sundarban area. The study revealed that small and marginal farmers accepted the new varieties very readily if seeds were produced locally. Informal seed systems had better promise for small and marginal farmers live in fragile ecosystem of Sundarban.
 SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 127-139 (2019)
36
Rong, Liming, Chengliang Zhang, Xuexia Zhang, Shineng Wu, and Zijun Wang. "Wheat Production Simulation Based on the ALMANAC Model of North China Region." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 3 (2013): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n3p148.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Wheat (<em>Triticumaestivum</em>) is one of the world's three major food crops, whose production is related to regional food security issues. Studies have shown that technological progress and climate change have a significant impact on wheat yield. We selected North China region as the study site because it is the main producer of wheat and because it experiences active climate change. Using the Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteriamodel and statistical analysis method, the following factors were considered to determine the dominant factor that affects wheat production: temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and other climatic factors, mechanical power, irrigation area, chemical fertilizer amount, reservoir total storage capacity, and other technical factors.Results showed that wheat productionis affected by both climatic and non-climatic factors in North China region. Increased temperature has a positive impact on wheat production, whereas reduceds unshine has a negative effect. Warm and dry climate trends areconducive to wheat production. Mechanical tillage and fertilization, irrigation, and water conditions are conducive to the production of wheat, among which water condition has the most significant effect onwheat yield improvement. Compared withthe effects of climaticfactors, those of technical factors are more obvious and direct. In the premise of guaranteed technical conditions, the impactof climate changeonwheat production is more evidentindeveloped areas. Underdeveloped areas of wheat production are more dependent on technological progress; in particular, they rely on the use of chemical fertilizers.</p><p> </p>
37
Atalay, Sonya, and Christine A. Hastorf. "Food, Meals, and Daily Activities: FoodHabitusat Neolithic Çatalhöyük." American Antiquity 71, no. 2 (2006): 283–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035906.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the daily practices of food preparation and consumption at the Neolithic Anatolian site of Çatalhöyük. We present the major food activities suggested from the archaeological evidence, including the timing and range of possible ingredients eaten by the residents of this thousand-year settlement. Plant, animal, and mineral resources, as well as the food production and preparation practices, are viewed in the context of the seasonal cycle. The food-related activities practiced at Çatalhöyük within each of the seasons are placed into five primary groups: production and procurement, processing, cooking, presentation, and eating. The daily household acts associated with these categories are discussed in detail. Using flora, fauna, micromorphological, lithic, ceramic, clay and architectural evidence, we present a picture of a community that was relatively healthy. The residents had a diet that relied heavily on plant foodstuffs, with wild plants remaining an important and valuable part of the daily and seasonal food practices throughout. The people of Çatalhöyük ate a range of animal products, including meat obtained from domesticated sheep/goats, wild cattle, small and large game, and to a more limited extent, eggs and waterfowl. Their social life can be seen through these foodways.
38
Tóth, Katalin, Csaba Borbély, Bernadett Nagy, Gábor Szabó-Szentgróti, and Eszter Szabó-Szentgróti. "Measurement of Food Losses in a Hungarian Dairy Processing Plant." Foods 10, no. 2 (2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020229.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of food waste and food loss at any stage of the supply chain is significant in developed economies. The purpose of this article is to highlight the areas of milk processing where milk loss occurs, and, after quantifying the data obtained, reveal the extent of the losses. To achieve the goals, we conducted on-site visits to one of Hungary’s milk processors. The methodology is based on the Food Loss and Waste (FLW) standard, accordingly we determined the extent of milk loss at the company level, supplemented with loss values by each dairy product. During the analyzed processing stages (receiving of raw milk, skimming, pasteurization, Extended Shelf-Life (ESL) milk, cheese milk, sour cream, yoghurt, and kefir) 1203.4–1406.8 L of raw material per day can be accounted as losses, which makes up 0.9–1% of daily production. A Milk Production-Milk Losses (MPML) model was created where six factors (technology and automation, design of the plant aspects, quantity of orders, expertise of employees, number of product variants, optimal storage capacity) were methodized that significantly influence the rate of milk losses over different time periods. Our paper highlights how areas of the production stage can be developed to decrease milk loss.
39
Tinker, P. B. "The environmental implications of intensified land use in developing countries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1356 (1997): 1023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0080.
Full textAbstract:
The major agricultural intensifications in the developed world over the last half century have produced a range of important environmental problems. These include pollution, damage to wildlife and landscape and other issues, both on- and off-site. These are largely being controlled by scientific investigation and Government regulation. As developing countries increase agricultural production over the next 30 years, this may also cause even more serious environmental damage. The paper distinguishes between production-related on-site damage, and off-site and more extensive effects. Both may involve soil and water effects, such as soil erosion, salinization, siltation, eutrophication and loss of water quality. The use of more agrochemicals can damage water quality, health, wildlife and biodiversity. Loss of habitat from the extension of farming is particularly damaging to biodiversity. A developing off-site problem is the production of greenhouse gases by farming systems, including the conversion of forests to farmland. In the future the introduction of genetically engineered species of plants, animals or microbes will need secure control. Work, probably on a catchment basis, is necessary to understand and control these problems. The three main requirements are much better environmental information from the developing world; the selection of environmental indicators to be monitored; and the support of local farmers in protecting the environment. There are encouraging indications of farmer concern and action over obvious on-site damage, but this may not extend to extensive off-site issues. The main danger is that developing food scarcity would cause the environmental issues to be ignored in a race for production.
40
Zimmermann, Ralf, Ulrike Bauermann, and Fermin Morales. "Effects of growing site and nitrogen fertilization on biomass production and lignan content of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86, no. 3 (2005): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2364.
Full text
41
Miladinovic, Dragana, Dulce Antunes, Kubilay Yildirim, et al. "Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field." Plant Cell Reports 40, no. 6 (2021): 935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02655-4.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Key message This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. Abstract The main challenges of today’s agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
42
Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge, and B. L. Hull. "Effects of Fat Saturation and Source of Fiber on Site of Nutrient Digestion and Milk Production by Lactating Dairy Cows." Journal of Dairy Science 77, no. 8 (1994): 2341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77177-0.
Full text
43
Doi, Hideyuki, Masatoshi Matsumasa, Mamoru Fujikawa, Keiichi Kanou, Takao Suzuki, and Eisuke Kikuchi. "Macroalgae and seagrass contribution to gastropods in sub-tropical and temperate tidal flats." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 2 (2008): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002683.
Full textAbstract:
Macroalgal and seagrass communities are widely distributed in marine and brackish shallow water and have high productivity. The primary production in marine costal areas is often transported to intertidal flats by waves and currents and beached on the flats. Thus, we hypothesized that the macroalgae and seagrasses are food sources for benthic communities on intertidal flats where some gastropod species often dominate. We performed comparisons of food sources among different gastropod species on sub-tropical and temperate tidal flats (26° and 38°N, respectively), and used isotope mixing models using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. A mixing model for stable isotopes, IsoSource, revealed that main food sources for three snails were macroalgae (50–56%) and seagrass (39–45%) at the temperate site. The contributions of terrestrial plants, sediment organic matter and benthic microalgae were weaker than those of macroalgae and seagrasses. At the sub-tropical site, snails fed mainly on macroalgae. The differences in food sources between snail species were not remarkable, although the nitrogen values were slightly different. It would thus appear that macroalgae and seagrass play an important role in the food webs not only in their own habitats but also on the adjacent tidal flats.
44
PANDURO-MELENDEZ, Rider. "Gender, biodiversity and food sovereignty in the ecosystems of Alto Mayo, Poster, Rioja, San Martín -The case of the peasant Carolina Ocampo Soplac." Revista Investigación Agraria. 2, no. 2 (2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47840/reina20209.
Full textAbstract:
This document is based on a case study of small-scale peasant agriculture and in this case linked to a peasant woman who is a conservator of biodiversity; It was carried out in the district of Cartel, province of Rioja, department of San Martín, Upper Amazon of Peru. Open and semi-structured interviews were conducted and direct observations were made of the various activities that this peasant family, which exists on its family farms, with tours of each of its plots that it has on its plots, with the aim of recording on -site information regarding to the diversity that they collect, conserve, the uses and destinations that this diversity has, concentrating on the value of diversity that is oriented to the market and food security; Data from diversified production, production volumes, values to each of them and the destinations of production for food security were analyzed; confirming their resilience, adaptation and mitigation to the disorders of the contexts that currently appear. Keywords. Accompaniment, Peasant Woman, In situ, Food Security, Diversity and Local Markets
45
Tagliavia, Marcello, and Aldo Nicosia. "Advanced Strategies for Food-Grade Protein Production: A New E. coli/Lactic Acid Bacteria Shuttle Vector for Improved Cloning and Food-Grade Expression." Microorganisms 7, no. 5 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050116.
Full textAbstract:
Food-grade production of recombinant proteins in Gram-positive bacteria, especially in LAB (i.e., Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus), is of great interest in the areas of recombinant enzyme production, industrial food fermentation, gene and metabolic engineering, as well as antigen delivery for oral vaccination. Food-grade expression relies on hosts generally considered as safe organisms and on clone selection not dependent on antibiotic markers, which limit the overall DNA manipulation workflow, as it can be carried out only in the expression host and not in E. coli. Moreover, many commercial expression vectors lack useful elements for protein purification. We constructed a “shuttle” vector containing a removable selective marker, which allows feasible cloning steps in E. coli and subsequent protein expression in LAB. In fact, the cassette can be easily excised from the selected recombinant plasmid, and the resulting marker-free vector transformed into the final LAB host. Further useful elements, as improved MCS, 6xHis-Tag, and thrombin cleavage site sequences were introduced. The resulting vector allows easy cloning in E. coli, can be quickly converted in a food-grade expression vector and harbors additional elements for improved recombinant protein purification. Overall, such features make the new vector an improved tool for food-grade expression.
46
Malinowski, Przemysław, Mirosław Olech, Józef Sas, et al. "Production of compound mineral fertilizers as a method of utilization of waste products in chemical company Alwernia S.A." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (2010): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0024-z.
Full textAbstract:
Production of compound mineral fertilizers as a method of utilization of waste products in chemical company Alwernia S.A. The results of investigations on a possible utilization of waste products formed during the production of commercial and food inorganic salts are presented. Application of wastes in the production of compound fertilizers was suggested. The work covered a full research cycle starting from laboratory tests and ending on the production implementation. Fertilizer formulas were developed on the basis of laboratory tests. A possible production of fertilizers of suggested compositions was tested on a pilot plant scale. The compound fertilizer production with the use of waste raw materials was implemented in Chemical Company Alwernia S.A. It reduced the amount of wastes directed to industrial waste site.
47
Buerkert, A., H. P. Piepho, and A. Bationo. "MULTI-SITE TIME-TREND ANALYSIS OF SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON CROP PRODUCTION IN SUB-SAHARAN WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 2 (2002): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000236.
Full textAbstract:
Soil fertility constraints to crop production have been recognized widely as a major obstacle to food security and agro-ecosystem sustainability in sub-Saharan West Africa. As such, they have led to a multitude of research projects and policy debates on how best they should be overcome. Conclusions, based on long-term multi-site experiments, are lacking with respect to a regional assessment of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer effects, surface mulched crop residues, and legume rotations on total dry matter of cereals in this region. A mixed model time-trend analysis was used to investigate the effects of four nitrogen and phosphorus rates, annually applied crop residue dry matter at 500 and 2000 kg ha−1, and cereal-legume rotation versus continuous cereal cropping on the total dry matter of cereals and legumes. The multi-factorial experiment was conducted over four years at eight locations, with annual rainfall ranging from 510 to 1300 mm, in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Togo. With the exception of phosphorus, treatment effects on legume growth were marginal. At most locations, except for typical Sudanian sites with very low base saturation and high rainfall, phosphorus effects on cereal total dry matter were much lower with rock phosphate than with soluble phosphorus, unless the rock phosphate was combined with an annual seed-placement of 4 kg ha−1 phosphorus. Across all other treatments, nitrogen effects were negligible at 500 mm annual rainfall but at 900 mm, the highest nitrogen rate led to total dry matter increases of up to 77% and, at 1300 mm, to 183%. Mulch-induced increases in cereal total dry matter were larger with lower base saturation, reaching 45% on typical acid sandy Sahelian soils. Legume rotation effects tended to increase over time but were strongly species-dependent.
48
McGregor, B. A., and J. F. Graham. "Fibre production by beef cows." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09219.
Full textAbstract:
Cattle grow and shed fibre which assists them adapt to seasonal changes in the environment. In the absence of cattle fibre production data for southern Australia, Angus, Hereford, Simmental and Limousin cows and crosses between these breeds grazing perennial pastures at Hamilton, Victoria were sampled in late winter. The fibre-growing area on the sides of cattle was measured, fibre sampled at the mid-side site and the sampling area determined. Fibre was tested for fibre diameter distribution, clean washing yield and fibre length measured. Cows were 3–7 years of age, liveweights were 412–712 kg and the mean fibre-growing area was 2.2 m2. This produced an average 682 g of total fibre (range 346–1175 g). The mean fibre diameter of all fibres was 51.7 µm (range 43–62 µm) and 18% of fibres were <36 µm (range 6–39%). The clean washing yield was 92.4% (range 87.4–95.8%). Fibre length averaged 21 mm. Increasing the age, liveweight and condition score of cows and increasing weight of clean fibre were associated with significant increases in mean fibre diameter. Breed of cattle did not affect fibre production (P > 0.1) but did affect mean fibre diameter (P < 0.05). The quantity of fibre production indicates potential for low value textile production. The high level of total fibre production, twice that of an earlier report, and fibre shedding from cattle suggests that white fibre-producing animals such as Merino sheep, Angora and cashmere goats and alpaca should avoid using cattle-handling facilities, particularly in the month before shearing.
49
MILLER, KATHRYN, NORMA McGOUGH, and HEIDI URWIN. "Catering Gluten-Free When Simultaneously Using Wheat Flour." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 2 (2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-213.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A European law on gluten-free (GF) labeling came into force in 2012, covering foods sold prepacked and in food service establishments, and a similar U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation covers GF labeling from August 2014. Gluten is found in the grains wheat, rye, and barley. A common source of gluten in the kitchen is wheat flour. This research aimed to determine variables that have a significant effect on gluten contamination in commercial kitchens when wheat flour is in use and to establish controls necessary to assure GF production. A pilot study was used to test the following hypotheses: (i) increasing duration of exposure to wheat flour would increase gluten contamination, (ii) increasing distance between the site of preparation and the site of wheat flour would reduce gluten contamination, (iii) the use of a ventilation hood would decrease gluten contamination, and (iv) the use of a barrier segregating the site of preparation of a GF meal and the use of wheat flour would decrease gluten contamination. Petri dishes containing GF rice pudding were placed in three directions at increasing distances (0.5 to 2 m) from a site of wheat flour use. A barrier was in place between a third of samples and the site of wheat flour. After wheat flour was handled for 0.5 and 4.0 h, petri dishes were sealed and the contents were analyzed for gluten. The experiment was duplicated with the ventilation hood on and off. The pilot study revealed that a distance of 2 m from the use of wheat flour was required to control gluten contamination at ≤20 ppm if wheat flour had been in use for 4.0 h. The identified control of distance was tested in five different study sites. In each of the study sites, a test meal was prepared a minimum of 2 m away from the site of wheat flour use. Although kitchens vary and must be considered individually, the established control of a minimum 2-m distance, along with good hygiene practices, was found to be effective in preparing GF meals at all five study sites.
50
Zhen, Lin, Gopal B. Thapa, and Gaodi Xie. "Agricultural Sustainability in the Food Bowl of the North China Plain." Outlook on Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2005): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000005774378865.
Full textAbstract:
The North China Plain (NCP) is the food bowl of the country. To feed the growing population, farmers in the area have been using the land very intensively with high inputs to increase food production. The sustainability of such farming practices has attracted the attention of scholars, planners and decision makers. This study analyses the economic and environmental sustainability of the major cropping systems in the NCP, based on selected site-specific indicators. The information necessary for this study was obtained in 2001 through a survey of 270 farm households from four villages in Ningjin county, soil sample analysis, chemical tests for nitrate concentration in groundwater and crop plants, field observations and discussions with key informants, as well as official reports and publications. The findings of the analysis revealed that all cropping systems in the study area were economically sustainable. However, such achievements have been made at a cost to the environment, degradation of natural resources and risk to human health. If these costs are taken into consideration, all cropping systems in the study area cannot be considered sustainable. The study stresses that farming practices that are economically sustainable should not be promoted at the cost of degrading production resources. There is a need for a policy shift from the promotion of agricultural production to sustainable agricultural production. Several policy measures have been outlined for the promotion of sustainable cropping systems in the NCP.