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Hirai, Tadashi. "Human development : history, concept and measurement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609371.
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Lindström, Therese. "The history of the concept of grammaticalisation." Doctoral thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55932.
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The present thesis discusses the history and meaning of the term and concept called grammaticalisation. Linguists usually ascribe the coinage of the term grammaticalisation to Antoine Meillet (1866-1936), who allegedly played a vital role in the history of grammaticalisation. It is also widely acknowledged that grammaticalisation was in some way 'revived' during the 1970s, and that Talmy Givón had an important role in this, as demonstrated by the popularity of the saying 'Today’s morphology is yesterday’s syntax' (taken from one of his articles). I show that Meillet wrote little about grammaticalisation and that he hardly ever used this word, and possibly did not mean for it to be viewed as a term / label. Moreover, the paper in question (Meillet, 1912) is basically a general introduction to a concept which he sees as a continuation of a notion with a long history. In addition, I prove that there are no clear links between Meillet and Givón’s work in the early 1970s. Despite the general acceptance that Meillet coined grammaticalisation, my thesis proves that it could have been coined more than once, and that it does not always mean the same thing to all users. I show that sometimes the term is accompanied by examples which others have used to illustrate lexicalisation, a term which some employ for a process that is seen as the opposite of grammaticalisation. I therefore advocate careful use of our definitions of terminology and concepts, and insist that we should define our notions, instead of letting examples do the work of illustration and definition. Finally, I question whether it is true that grammaticalisation is unidirectional. I research the history of the view that grammaticalisation is a unidirectional process. Grammatical relations can be expressed by different means – e.g. word order, content words becoming grammatical markers, or parts of words being given a function. I believe all these should be compared, in order to improve our knowledge of how languages change and why. I claim that they all represent sub-processes of a superordinate category which I have labelled supergrammaticalisation.
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Bennett, Jacob. "White Privilege: A History of the Concept." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/54.
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This thesis’ goal is to examine the way the term and concept of white privilege has been created in contemporary American society. The argument of the thesis will be that before and directly after discrimination was made illegal in the United States by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, scholars and activists implemented the term white privilege to describe structural and governmentally perpetuated privilege in the United States that had been consciously given to whites. This privilege allowed whites to obtain legal advantages over minorities across the nation. Years after the legislation was passed, however, discrimination was still an issue in the country. White privilege’s definition shifted in order to explain the reason for that reality; White privilege was not perpetuated by conscious and explicit efforts, but by white citizen’s subconscious. This thesis will show how that shift occurred, using scholarly and non-academic writer’s usage of the term white privilege.
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Macrae, Michael John. "Some aspects of concept acquisition in history." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001433.
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There is concern that school history is often purposeless, taught by chalk and talk and textbook methods, giving thin and unassimilated information. At a time when subjects are under increasing scrutiny and pressure to justify their existence as relevant in the school curriculum, many of the defects inherent in the 'traditional' approach to history have made it difficult to present a forceful and valid argument for its continued inclusion as a school subject.This has led to the adoption of new approaches which are designed to get pupils more actively involved in their learning. One such approach was adopted by the Schools Council 13-16 project in Britain. It laid emphasis on the methodology of the subject and identified five ways in which history could prove to be a useful and necessary subject for adolescents to study. These were: as a means of acquiring and developing such cognitive skills as those of analysis, synthesis and judgement; as a source of leisure interests; as a vehicle for analysing the contemporary world and pupils' place in it; as a means for developing understanding of the forces underlying social change and evolutioni and, finally, as an avenue to self-knowledge and awareness of what it means to be human (Introduction, p. ii)
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Lindström, Tiedemann. "The history of the concept of grammaticalisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1437/.
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The present thesis discusses the history and meaning of the term and concept called grammaticalisation. Linguists usually ascribe the coinage of the term grammaticalisation to Antoine Meillet (1866-1936), who allegedly played a vital role in the history of grammaticalisation. It is also widely acknowledged that grammaticalisation was in some way ‘revived' during the 1970s, and that Talmy Givón had an important role in this, as demonstrated by the popularity of the saying 'Today's morphology is yesterday's syntax” (taken from one of his articles). I show that Meillet wrote little about grammaticalisation and that he hardly ever used this word, and possibly did not mean for it to be viewed as a term / label. Moreover, the paper in question (Meillet, 1912) is basically a general introduction to a concept which he sees as a continuation of a notion with a long history. In addition, I prove that there are no clear links between Meillet and Givón's work in the early 1970s. Despite the general acceptance that Meillet coined grammaticalisation, my thesis proves that it could have been coined more than once, and that it does not always mean the same thing to all users. I show that sometimes the term is accompanied by examples which others have used to illustrate lexicalisation, a term which some employ for a process that is seen as the opposite of grammaticalisation. I therefore advocate careful use of our definitions of terminology and concepts, and insist that we should define our notions, instead of letting examples do the work of illustration and definition. Finally, I question whether it is true that grammaticalisation is unidirectional. I research the history of the view that grammaticalisation is a unidirectional process. Grammatical relations can be expressed by different means – e.g. word order, content words becoming grammatical markers, or parts of words being given a function. I believe all these should be compared, in order to improve our knowledge of how languages change and why. I claim that they all represent sub-processes of a superordinate category which I have labelled supergrammaticalisation.
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Cho, Y. "Suicide in Japan : history, concept and clinical aspects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597629.
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This dissertation empirically examines the nature of suicide in the present-day Japan. Consistent with findings from Western countries, this study found that nearly 90% of completed suicides suffered from mental disorders at the time of suicide. This indicates that despite the popular view that the so-called rational suicide is prevailing in Japan, most suicides in Japan, as in other countries are related to mental disorders and hence should be regarded as a medical condition. An uncommonly high prevalence of schizophrenic disorders and an unusually low prevalence of substance use disorders amongst suicides were found in this sample, which many be a feature of suicide throughout Japan. The latter observation may be explained by the low prevalence of substance use disorders in Japan. With regard to suicide in schizophrenia, although in this study case-control comparisons between suicides and living psychiatric patients did not uncover potential risk factors for suicide that are specific to Japan's population, it might be possible that culture-specific factors are related to suicide. Thus, a more extended psychological autopsy study is required. In conducting such a study, as this study found, culturally-fitted psychological autopsy investigation is needed both for more understanding of the nature of suicide and for promoting the mental health of survivors. Investigation into the suicidal process found that depressed mood triggered suicidal feelings across psychiatric diagnoses, although the way in which depressed mood and suicidality develop is diagnosis-specific. Considering the commonality in the suicidal process across diagnoses, the author hypothesised that in the final stage, a strong 'passion' towards suicide triggers a dissociative state, where actual self-harm is accomplished in a state of constricted consciousness, and that patients with more dissociative tendencies tend to be more vulnerable to suicidal behaviour.
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Wickenden, Nicholas. "G.J. Vossius and the humanist concept of history /." Assen (the Netherlands) : Van Gorcum, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35717254n.
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MAIA, FERNANDO NEVES DA COSTA. "A HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT BALANCE OF POWER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29400@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta tese apresenta uma história do conceito balance of power. Com base na abordagem Begriffsgeschichte, busca-se compreender como um dado espaço de experiência e um dado horizonte de expectativas foram constituídos através desse conceito. O argumento está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira o objetivo é compreender a emergência desse conceito em meio à crise que se seguiu à desagregação da ordem medieval. É possível identificar neste período aquilo que pode ser chamado de corolário anti-imperial. Essa dimensão axiológica precisa ser considerada nessa história como referência para o surgimento desse conceito no vocabulário político. Na segunda parte será examinada a fixação desse termo na linguagem internacional corrente. Um elemento que contribuiu para isso e que será examinado foi a existência de uma sociabilidade comercial como parte do mundo político. Além disso, essa fixação traz consigo um corolário conservador que se relaciona a uma concepção específica de funcionamento da política internacional. Por fim, os capítulos dessa parte apresentarão uma discussão sobre o componente temporal de balance of power com especial destaque para a afirmação de que esse conceito funciona como um regulador ontológico da história. Do ponto de vista temporal, o argumento desta tese lida com um período que vai, basicamente, dos séculos XIII ao século XIX.
This dissertation aims at offering a history of the concept balance of power. Drawing on the Begriffsgeschichte, I will try to understand how a given space of experience and a given horizon of expectations have been constituted through this concept. The argument is divided into two parts. In the first part the aim is to understand how the concept emerged out of the collapse of the Medieval order. It is possible to identify in this period what will be called an anti-imperial corollary. This very axiological dimension needs to be contemplated as a reference to the appearance of this term in the political lexicon. In the second part the fixation of the concept in the current international language will be examined. An element that brought about this process and that will be analysed was the presence of a commercial sociability as part of the political realm. Furthermore, the fixation is related to a conservative corollary which elicits a specific conception of the functioning of international politics. Last but not least, the chapters in this part will present a discussion of the temporal dimension of balance of power with special attention to the claim that this concept works as an ontological regulator of history. From the temporal point of view, the argument of this dissertation deals with a period that goes from the 13th to the 19th century.
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Wu, Kuo-An. "Concept of history in the theology of Karl Barth." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5457.
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This thesis provides a complete, chronological view of Barth’s concept of history throughout his theological career. The purpose of undertaking this hitherto unattempted task is to demonstrate that, ever since his full engagement with dogmatics in the mid-1920s, Barth has unequivocally affirmed the reality of the history which revelation becomes and is. Though he continues to insist upon the transcendence of revelation, he does so by way of an increasingly christocentric theology, so that both divine sovereignty and human dignity are firmly upheld. This is especially evident in his later theology, with his concentration on the history of Jesus Christ on the basis of the doctrine of election. This thesis thus rejects both the charge that Barth’s theology is ahistorical or anti-historical on the one hand, and the charge that it is excessively historical on the other.
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Reed, Beverly M. "THE EFFECTS OF STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTION ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1195713522.
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Walker, Virginia. "The concept of a 'Newlyn school' : its context and history." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539900.
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The thesis explores the phenomenon of a `Newlyn school'; it contextualizes its origins in the later 1880s focussing on the artistic and cultural values associated with it and examines subsequent developments. The thesis looks at the settlement of artists in Newlyn in the 1880s, and the connections between developments there and the impact of the work of Bastien- Lepage as well as making links to the contemporary Nature Movement in England. It considers the painting of rural imagery `on the spot' and the concern to achieve `open-air effects'. The latter did not necessarily imply painting out of doors indeed it could include interiors. Artists working in Newlyn attracted patronage from philanthropic industrialists desirous of effecting beneficial influence on the urban poor. This appears to account for the early interest in Newlyn-based artists in Birmingham. It is argued that there was nothing unique about the interests of artists who settled in Newlyn nor any interest in developing a special `school' in the early 1880s. However, after the work of Frank Bramley and Stanhope Forbes began to interest critics in London matters changed. While Braniley's A Hopeless Dawn (RA 1888) stimulated the notion that there was something special about Newlyn art, it was the highly ambitious Forbes who , profited most from the concept. In the following decade he successfully promoted himself as the guiding light of Newlyn art. The thesis also considers how the promotion of a `Newlyn school' in 1889 coincided with the concerns at the Royal Academy to promote a national form of art to counter the threat of Whistlerian internationalism and other types of modernism. However, subsequent coverage was unenthusiastic and short-lived. The thesis concludes with exploring how Forbes subsequently mythologized Newlyn, identifying the `school' with his own artistic persona.
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Lodhi, Onees. "The concept of Hijra in Islamic law : a transregional history." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30274/.
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Machen, Chase E. "The Concept of Purgatory in England." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30487/.
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It is not the purpose of this dissertation to present a history of Purgatory; rather, it is to show through the history the influence of purgatorial doctrine on the English lay community and the need of that community for this doctrine. Having established the importance this doctrine held for so many in England, with an examination of the chantry institution in England, this study then examines how this doctrine was stripped away from the laity by political and religious reformers during the sixteenth century. Purgatorial belief was adversely affected when chantries were closed in execution of the chantry acts under Henry VIII and Edward VI. These chantries were vital to the laity and not moribund institutions. Purgatorial doctrine greatly influenced the development and concept of the medieval English community. Always seen to be tightly knit, this community had a transgenerational quality, a spiritual and congregational quality, and a quality extending beyond the grave. The Catholic Church was central to this definition of community, distributing apotropaic powers, enhancing the congregational aspects, and brokering the relationship with the dead. The elements of the Roman liturgy were essential to community cohesiveness, as were the material and ritual supports for this liturgy. The need of the community for purgatorial doctrine shaped and popularized this doctrine Next, an analysis of surviving and resurging elements of expiatory rites is explored; ritual, especially that surrounding death, as well as the relationship with the dead, were sorely missed when stripped away through political actions linked to Protestant belief. This deficiency of ritual aspects within the emerging Protestant religion became evident in further years as some of the same customs and rituals that were considered anathema by Protestants slowly crept back into the Protestant liturgy in an attempt to restore the relationship between the living and the dead. Strong evidence of this is provided through sixteenth to nineteenth century death eulogies, surviving rites of expiation, as well as lay essays and popular literature discussing the phenomenon called the Sin-Eater.
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Weber, Jerry Dean. "The Concept of Human Nature in New England." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625414.
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Kelly, Ray. "The riddle of history : Marx's concept of socialism in the context of his epistemology and theory of history." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387323.
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Within the organisation of all societies, there are basic contradictions which historically have given rise to certain undesirable structural features. These same contradictions also lie at the root of alienated, ideological forms of consciousness which act as a barrier to the solution of these problems. In chapter one, I will deal with each of these issues in turn, thus introducing Marx's problematic, i. e. the so-called "riddle of history". Chapters two and three contain a discussion of Marx's methodology, which was intended to avoid the pitfalls of ideological forms of consciousness and provide a theoretical framework for coming to terms with the problem. Chapter three in particular provides a syntax and a logical explanation for the terms and forms of argument employed in the rest of the thesis. Marx believes that historical development itself determines the possibility of solving the problems referred to. Chapters four and five, therefore, are an analysis of the processes which govern the development of social structures, i. e. so-called "Historical Materialism". Chapter six is an investigation of the relationship between historical change and forms of consciousness. This sets the stage for an analysis in chapter seven of the nature of capitalism itself and how it gives rise in the consciousness of the working class to a solution, in principle, to the problems identified in chapter one. Finally, chapter eight reviews the factors within the development of capitalism which might make possible the transition to socialism and the implementation of the solution in practice.
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Skoczylas, Frances Anne. "The concept of sacred war in Ancient Greece." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26920.
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This thesis will trace the origin and development of the term "Sacred War" in the corpus of extant Greek literature. This term has been commonly applied by modern scholars to four wars which took place in ancient Greece between the sixth and fourth centuries B. C. The modern use of "the attribute "Sacred War" to refer to these four wars in particular raises two questions. First, did the ancient historians give all four of these wars the title "Sacred War?" And second, what justified the use of this title only for certain conflicts?
In order to resolve the first of these questions, it is necessary to examine in what terms the ancient historians referred to these wars. As a result of this examination, it is clear that only two of the modern series of "Sacred Wars" (the so-called Second and Third Sacred Wars) were actually given this title in antiquity. The other two wars (the so-called Second and Third Sacred Wars), although they were evidently associated by the ancients with the "Sacred Wars," were not given this attribution. Consequently, the habit of grouping all four wars together as "Sacred Wars" is modern. Nevertheless, the fact that the ancients did see some connection between these wars does justify this modern classification to some degree.
Once this conclusion had been reached, it became possible to proceed to the second of the problems presented in this thesis, namely the justification for the application of the title "Sacred War" to two specific conflicts. In order to achieve this aim, those conflicts labelled "Sacred Wars" by the ancient historians were compared to two categories of test cases: the other two conflicts classified as "Sacred Wars" by modern scholars and conflicts which share elements in common with "Sacred Wars" but which are not given this attribution by ancient or modern authorities.
In the course of this comparison, I discovered that little differentiated the so-called "Sacred Wars" from the non-"Sacred Wars" and that all of these latter conflicts appear equally worthy of the title as those which were in fact given this attribution. The deciding factor in the classification of a certain conflict as a "Sacred War," as a result, lies not in the specific elements making up its constitution but rather in the political circumstances surrounding it. The two conflicts labelled by the ancients as "Sacred Wars" were given this title by contemporary powers in order to justify military interference in the political affairs of other states which might otherwise have been considered unnecessary. Thus, the term "Sacred War" arose originally as the result of an effective propaganda campaign.Arts, Faculty of
Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Labelle, Paul. "Naissance du concept de la maladie mentale dans l'occident moderne." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6037.
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Åkerdahl, Per-Olof Johan. "Bahá'í Identity and the concept of Martyrdom." Doctoral thesis, Teologiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5667.
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Wilding, Adrian. "The concept of remembrance in Walter Benjamin." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4334/.
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This thesis argues that the role played by the concept of remembrance (Eingedenken) in Walter Benjamin's 'theory of the knowledge of history' and in his engagement with Enlightenment universal history, is a crucial one. The implications of Benjamin's contention that history's 'original vocation' is 'remembrance' have hitherto gone largely unnoticed. The following thesis explores the meaning of the concept of remembrance and assesses the significance of this proposed link between history and memory, looking at both the mnemonic aspect of history and the historical facets of memory. It argues that by mobilising the simultaneously destructive and constructive capacities of remembrance, Benjamin sought to develop a critical historiography which would enable a radical encounter with a previously suppressed past. In so doing he takes up a stance (explicit and implicit) towards existing philosophical conceptions of history, in particular the idea of universal history found in German Idealism. Benjamin reveals an intention to retain the epistemological aspirations of universal history whilst ridding that approach of its apologetic moment. He criticises existing conceptions of history on the basis that each assumes homogeneous time to be the framework in which historical events occur. Insight into the distinctive temporality of remembrance proves to be the touchstone for this critique, and provides a paradigm for a very different conception of time. The thesis goes on to determine what is valid and what is problematic both in this concept of remembrance and in the theory of historical knowledge which it informs, by subjecting both to the most cogent criticisms which can be levelled at them. What emerges is not only the importance of this concept for an understanding of Benjamin's philosophy but the pertinence of this concept for any philosophical account of memory.
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Ben, Moubamba Bruno. "La signification du concept de "paix" dans l'Augustinisme." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML004.
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Ce qui intéresse Saint Augustin, c'est la manière dont les élus, distingués des autres par la grâce de Dieu et non d'après leurs mérites qui sont inexistants, vont vivre leur exil parmi les impies d'une cité terrestre, privée de repos, donc de paix. Mais pas plus que cette dernière n'est assimilable à l'État, pas plus la cité de Dieu n'est totalement identifiable à l'Église. Nous comprenons bien qu'il s'agit de deux cités au sens allégorique sui sont empiriquement mélangées (perplexae) ici-bas. En assimilant progressivement la première à l'état et la seconde à l'Église, les théocratiens médiévaux (comme l'islam politique de nos jours) en sont venus, contre la pensée de l'évêque d'Hippone, à soumettre l'État à l'Église, méconnaissant de la sorte la perspective eschatologique de la thématique des deux.Les disciples de Saint Augustin ont-ils été fidèles à l'enseignement du docteur de l'Occident chrétien, notamment au plan politique ? Dans la mesure où ils ont été unanimes à reconnaitre que la véritable « civilisation » est fondée sur la Foi en un Dieu qui s'est révélé, et où l'homme la comprend comme une « ultime et radicalissime possibilité de son être », c'est la situer hors du monde. Il restait à combattre toute tentative de la réduire aux dimensions empiriques de l'existence intramondaine de la condition humaine, dans l'étroitesse de la cité terrestre, cette, cette société adamique qui précède toujours la cité à venir et la prépare dans les tribulations de l'histoire humaine : « Là, nous nous reposerons et nous verrons ; nous verrons et nous aimerons ; nous aimerons et nous louerons ». (Œuvres de Saint Augustin, traduction française Georges Combès, Bibliothèque augustinienne, Paris, Desclée de brower, 1959). N'est-ce pas une image de la paix à laquelle tendent tous les êtres-humains ?What interests Saint Augustine, is the way elected officials, distinguished from others by the grace of God and not on their merits which are non-existent, will live in exile among the ungodly of an earthly city, private rest so peace. But just as the latter is comparable to the state nor the city of God is totally identifiable with the Church. We understand that these are two cities in the allegorical sense empirically following are mixed (perplexae) here below. Gradually assimilating the first state and the second in the Church, the medieval théocratiens (such as political Islam today) have come against the thought of the bishop of Hippo, to submit the State the church, unaware of the way the eschatological perspective of the theme of the two.The disciples of St. Augustine were they faithful to the teaching of the doctor of the Christian West, especially in politically? To the extent that they were unanimous in recognizing that the true "civilization" is based on faith in a God who revealed himself, and when man understands it as an "ultimate radicalissime possibility of his being," c is to place it outside the world. It remained to fight any attempt to reduce the size of the empirical worldly existence of the human condition, in the narrowness of the earthly city, this, this company Adamic which always precedes the city to come and prepare the tribulations of human history: "Here we will rest and we'll see, we will see and we will love, we love and praise." (Works of Saint Augustine, George Combe French translation, Augustine Library, Paris, Desclée de Brower, 1959). Is not this a picture of the peace to which all things tend-humans?
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Foyster, Elizabeth Ann. "The concept of male honour in seventeenth century England." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1491/.
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Steck, Andrew Nathaniel. "The concept of the populus in early medieval Rome." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6862.
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This dissertation is about the early medieval Roman populus and the ways in which early medieval popes used the concept of the populus to legitimize their activities from the start of the Laurentian Schism of 498 to the election of Formosus as pope in 891. These centuries were a time of great change for the Bishop of Rome and it is significant that textual sources link the papacy and the populus for every important event that occurred in early medieval Rome. The populus and the popes had a symbiotic relationship, as crowds participated in all manner of papal ceremonies and the papacy began to use the populus for their own propaganda and to solidify their own power. As the popes made an ever-increasing use of the symbolic meaning of the crowds to extend their authority at the expense of outside powers, those powers also attempted to harness the power of the Roman crowd for their own ends, demonstrating that the populus was a important source of power in early medieval social, religious, and political life.
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Hayward, Richard A. "The changing concept of infection and its influence on hospital design, 1850-1890." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267452.
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Maniscalco, Lorenzo. "The concept of equity in early-modern European legal scholarship." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288545.
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In modern scholarship, the concept of equity is often assimilated with that of Aristotelian epieikeia, a process which serves to correct rules when, though their wording undoubtedly applies to a case, yet the outcome would be unjust, or the legislator would have never wanted the rule to be applied to such a case. My thesis deals with the early-modern origins of the association of equity and epieikeia in legal scholarship, and of its consequences for the doctrinal development of equity in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. I begin by showing that medieval legal writings on equity were almost completely unconcerned with epieikeia, and that the latter was only developed by philosophers and theologians. Legists and canonists developed a concept of equity that was unrelated - indeed mostly incompatible - with judicial discretion or the emendation of written rules. Thus, throughout the Middle Ages, there was almost no interaction between the writings of civil and canon lawyers on equity, and those of theologians on epieikeia. In the second chapter of my thesis, I show that the introduction of epieikeia in legal scholarship was the result of the influence of humanistic philology over the writings of humanist jurists, and argue that it caused the majority of early-modern authors to depart from medieval scholarship on equity, re-modelling instead equity as a doctrine of interpretation of the law beyond its letter in accordance with the intentions of the legislator. The final part of my thesis argues that the development of equity as epieikeia in legal scholarship broke down the barrier that had hitherto divided theological and legal writings on equity. Indeed, from the late sixteenth century onwards, legal and theological writings on equity were connected to such an extent that many later authors treated these two branches of scholarship as belonging to one, equally authoritative body of learning on the same topic.
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Coski, John M. "The triple mandate : the concept of trusteeship and American imperialism, 1898-1934." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623771.
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American diplomatic historians are most familiar with trusteeship in the context of the United Nations Trusteeship System and, consequently, associate it with international supervision of colonies and the dismantling of the western empires. This dissertation is an analysis of trusteeship in a broader chronological and conceptual framework. Far from being a new concept developed during the Second World War as a repudiation of imperialism, trusteeship was a centuries-old concept and a euphemism for "enlightened" imperialism.;Simply stated, trusteeship was the conviction that advanced states must control or supervise peoples deemed too immature or incompetent to manage their own affairs and property. A coincidence of the best interests of the "backward" peoples themselves, the controlling power, and the world at large--a coincidence which this study dubs the "triple mandate"--demanded that "trustee" states control incompetent peoples and rule them for the benefit of all concerned parties.;This study reconstructs the worldview that made trusteeship over "backward" nations seem legitimate and necessary. It then explores the influence of trusteeship and the forms it took in American policy toward the "Third World.".;Individual chapters examine the interaction between trusteeship and American policy in a diversity of geographic regions and contexts, especially as revealed in the thought and policies of a few selected statesmen. The chapters are case studies of American policy toward the Philippine Islands, Cuba and the Caribbean, and China, and American involvement in the origins of the League of Nations Mandates System.;A study of trusteeship reveals an American "imperial" tradition and sheds light on its character. Trusteeship was clearly imperialistic, since it was a systematic denial of self-determination to "backward" peoples. But because it renounced the stereotypical "old-style" imperialism and ostensibly promoted the best interests of subject peoples, American policymakers claimed that, in the context of its times, trusteeship was actually "anti-imperialistic." A study of trusteeship thus allows historians to better understand and evaluate American imperialism.
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Lau, Wai-lam, and 劉衛林. "The concept of Jing in mid-Tang poetics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240483.
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DeWitt, Helen Marsh. "Quo virtus? : the concept of propriety in ancient literary criticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8001826b-03c5-4a37-a2e2-8f7966f5f375.
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The standard of propriety is frequently appealed to in ancient literary discourse, most notably in discussions of poetics, criticism of literary works and precepts for composition. Its importance derives from the audience orientation of most ancient discussions of literature: writers were interested in the ways various forms of speech and writing had to be accommodated to their audience in order to achieve particular effects. Discussion of the representation of character, for instance, explored the ways that fictional persons or oratorical speakers could be made moving and convincing: they must conform to common preconceptions about the behviour and language suitable to their rank, sex, age, nationality, education. This raises important questions about the concept of propriety. First, is it coherent? It seems to depend heavily on the assumption that audiences are homogeneous; in practice, however, ancient writers recognise wide disparities in readers and spectators, and are often ready to accuse certain types of audience of bad taste. The concept is thus embroiled in the general aesthetic problem of the nature of taste: can criteria for artistic excellence be found which are independent of what people happen to like, and which can therefore justify claims about what they should like? Second, where does use of the concept place ancient literary discussion in relation to various forms of modern literary theory and criticism? A large number of modern movements have held it as axiomatic that the excellence of art lies in defeating the preconceptions of the audience; does ancient criticism have any defence against such a position? Both of these points touch on further issues: the place of literature and oratory in Greek and Roman societies, and the connection between literary discourse and other types of intellectual activity, most notably philosophy (propriety is equally important in most ancient moral philosophy). I consider these points in connection with major poetic genres, rhetoric, and the question of linguistic purity.
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Lumsden, John M. "At the limit of the concept : logic and history in Hegel, Schelling, and Adorno." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16502/.
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In this thesis I show how the challenges of producing a philosophy of history responsive to the negativity of the world benefits from working through the difficulties of G. W. F. Hegel’s systematic philosophy. By revealing the powerful and intricate ways that Hegel gives an illegitimate primacy to thought (or the concept) we can better appreciate the obstacles that face a philosophy which places new emphasis on the nonconceptual whilst recognising the genuine role of the concept. In the first half of this thesis I reconstruct the important criticisms levelled at Hegel by F. W. J. Schelling and Theodor W. Adorno. I argue that both their criticisms illuminate our understanding of the metaphysical status of Hegel’s thought and expose the surreptitious means by which Hegel overextends the concept. The value of Adorno’s and Schelling’s reading of Hegel is also due to the fact that they do not cast aside Hegel’s ambitions as mere fantasy. Rather, they provide important insight into the goals philosophy should be striving towards—even if we cannot be as confident as Hegel in their imminent achievement. In the second half I reconstruct Schelling’s and Adorno’s philosophies of history in light of their criticisms of Hegel. The core problem addressed is how unwarranted optimism – entailed by the idealistic operation in Hegel’s theoretical philosophy – is to be eschewed whilst also avoiding a lapse into unwarranted pessimism. I argue that, while both Schelling and Adorno make important advances in this direction, Adorno’s philosophy of history is better able to make sense of both the prevalence of unfreedom in history and the ways in which we can respond to this situation.
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Bouture, Sylvain. "Histoire du concept de phéromone." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0013.
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Matoti, Sukude Mangwevandile. "An analysis of some school history textbooks with special reference to styles of concept presentation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001409.
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The aim of this study was to find out whether the school history textbooks used in Transkei Junior and Senior secondary schools were adequate in helping pupils meet the demands of their course. The results of the study would be used as argument for or against the assumption that the type of textbooks used in Transkei schools, through their inadequacy in equipping the pupils with the necessary skills for "doing" history, do contribute to the high failure rate in history, especially that they are in most schools, the only recourse for both the teacher and the pupil. In particular the study intended to see what strategies the history textbooks used to aid concept understanding which is crucial to the understanding of history. Twenty three criteria, fourteen objective and nine subjective were used to assess the books for readability and for strategies which might aid concept understanding. Eight books were assessed: four Std 5 and four Std 8 books. The results showed that only three of the eight books catered for the development of skills of learning history and were suited to the level of the pupiils for whom they were intended . History textbooks therefore need to be improved so as to foster the skills of learning history. Their inadequacy could be a contributory factor to the high rate of failure. In-service and pre-service training in methods of textbook analysis can assist in textbook selection and for changes in methods of teaching to supplement shortcomings in books which are commonly used
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Woodbridge, Steven. "The nature and development of the concept of national synthesis in British fascist ideology 1920-1940." Thesis, Kingston University, 1998. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20623/.
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This thesis investigates the nature of fascist ideology in Britain during the period 1920-1940. It was undertaken in response to the lack of sufficient secondary literature on the ideas of the inter-war fascist movements in this country. It provides a comprehensive discussion of the historiography, constructs a conceptual ideal-type model of the fascist idea of “National Synthesis”, and presents detailed textual analysis of British fascist speeches, books and articles. The argument made in the thesis is that fascist ideology in both its British and wider European contexts was an anti-declinist and synthesizing creed, concerned above all with the integration, harmonisation and invigoration of the nation and race. Fascist ideology sought to synthesize the best elements of older or other ideologies and to create a new creed within a national context. British fascist ideologues, despite differences over the means to reach it, held the belief that the nation and society required complete unity, and that fascism was the only philosophy that could realise this vision. Their view of the world saw history as the story of the struggle for national unity and survival in the face of the rise and fall of nations. While illustrating this, the thesis moves away from the usual historiographical concentration on fascism during the 1930's and gives greater consideration to the 1920's, enabling continuities in fascist ideas to be pointed to. This gives a more “rounded” analysis of inter-war fascist ideas. In sum, it is believed that the thesis identifies the “core” of fascist ideology.
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Volkov, Vadim. "The forms of public life : the public sphere and the concept of society in Imperial Russia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273035.
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Voda, Irina Ioana. "La fluidité architecturale : histoire et actualité du concept." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH018/document.
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La « fluidité architecturale » est un oxymore, délibérément choisi, pour mettre l'accent sur les valences de fluidité par rapport aux caractéristiques intrinsèques de l'architecture : comparée aux autres domaines artistiques (littérature, arts plastiques, danse, théâtre, cinéma, photographie, etc.), l’architecture n'est pas seulement pensée, interprétée ou illustrée, mais elle est également construite, habitée et solide. Puisque la fluidité architecturale est une métaphore et la notion de fluidité est abstraite par rapport à l’architecture, ce terme est relié, par une analogie à la mécanique des fluides, aux processus plus concrets qui peuvent être retrouvés en physique. En admettant que l’association des termes « fluide-solide » peut être confuse, la première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à définir la « fluidité » et à identifier ses racines dans l’histoire de l’architecture. La deuxième partie se concentre sur l’analyse « fluidique » d’une série de vingt projets contemporains. Cette analyse, fondée sur les discours architecturaux des concepteurs, détermine le degré de fluidité présente dans la production architecturale contemporaine et établit de nouvelles correspondances entre les différents projets. Cette thèse constitue à la fois un travail sur un concept théorique (par l’analogie avec la mécanique des fluides) et sur une manière de représenter la pensée du projet (par l’analyse fluidique)"Architectural fluidity" is an oxymoron, chosen deliberately in order to emphasize the fluidity expressions related to the intrinsic characteristics of architecture: compared to other arts (literature, visual arts, dance, theater, cinema, photography etc.), architecture is not only thought, interpreted or illustrated, but also is built, inhabited and solid. Considering architectural fluidity as a metaphor and the idea of fluidity as an abstract architectural concept, this term is associated by analogy to fluid mechanics to processes with accurate explanations found in physics. Assuming that the association of the two terms "fluid-solid" can be confusing, the first part of this thesis concerns with the definition of "fluidity" and the identification of its origins in the history of architecture. The second part focuses on the "fluidic" analysis through twenty contemporary projects. This analysis, which is based on the architectural dissertation of designers, determines the degree of fluidity in contemporary architectural production and establishes new connections between different projects.This thesis focuses on both theoretical concepts (by analogy to fluid mechanics) and developing a method to represent the conceptual process of the project (the fluidic analysis)
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Von, Solms Charlayn Imogen. "Ingenuity's engine : an overview of the history and development of the concept of the muse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16468.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Many metaphors relating to creativity are too misleading, confusing, and restricted in scope for a meaningful exploration of the phenomenon and its fluctuating social and cultural contexts. Given the Muse's long-term association with literature, philosophy, education, and more recently, the fine arts and other "creative" fields, an analysis of this concept may provide a unique opportunity to gain insight into the "mechanisms" underlying the creative process. Since affiliation with the Muse appears to have signalled attainment of critical cultural and/or social status by cultural practitioners in various societies, from the ancient to the present (a category which was broadened substantially), it is thus logical to assume this concept encompasses and has accumulated characteristics particular to the creative process as historically and currently valued in Western culture. Given the limited scope of the thesis, I have focused on specific concerns: 1) Provide an overview of the history, origin and development of the concept via specific examples ranging from antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern. 2) Assess the changes which have occurred in the development of the concept, and postulate likely causes: such as for example, the impact of an increased focus on the visual - and by extension, the physical - due to a more literate populace, on a concept originally conceived of as experienced through predominantly audial means. 3) Identify closely related concepts, the characteristics of which may have played a role in the formulation of the initial concept, along with those integrated into it, to form the modern version of the Muse: examples include the influence of the myth of Pygmalion on notions regarding the poet's relationship with both material and Muse; and the consequences of an amalgamation of characteristics of Aphrodite with those of the pastoral Muse. 4) Explore the extent to which the Muse-poet interaction can reveal fundamental aspects of the creative process and its main components: the differences between the public invocation and experience of the Muse in an oral context, as opposed to the privately experienced Muse of the literate poet; also, the changes imposed on the concept's perceived means of functioning due to its extension to the practice of the visual arts; and the correlation between the Jungian notion of the anima and aspects of the Muse. 5) Postulate the fundamental aspects of the creative process as revealed by analysis of the concept of the Muse for further investigation. In brief then, the main intention of this thesis is simply to examine by analysis of particular examples, the feasibility of applying the concept of the Muse as metaphor through which to identify for further exploration, issues and themes relating to the production and changes in social assessment of creative enterprises.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Menige metafore verbonde aan kreatiwiteit is te misleidend, verwarrend, of beperk in omvang vir 'n betekenisvolle ondersoek van díe verskynsel en die fluktueerende sosiale en kulturele kontekste daarvan. Gesien in die lig van die Muse se langtermyn assosiasie met letterkunde, filosofie, opvoedkunde en meer onlangs, the skone kunste en ander "kreatiewe" velde, mag 'n analise van die konsep moontlik 'n unieke geleentheid bied om insig te verkry in die onderliggende "meganismes" van die kreatiewe proses. Aangesien affiliasie met die Muse blyk om die bereiking van kritiese kulturele en/of sosiale status, deur kulturele praktisyne in verskeie samelewings, van die antieke tot die huidige ('n kategorie wat aansienlik uitgebou is) aan te dui, is dit dus logies om te aanvaar dat die konsep alomvattend is van eienskappe kenmerkend van die kreatiewe proses, soos geskiedkundig en huidig op prys gestel in die Westerse kultuur. Gegewe die beperkte bestek van die tesis, is gefokus op spesifieke kwessies: 1) Verskaf 'n oorsig van die geskiedenis, oorsprong, en ontwikkeling van die konsep deur spesifieke voorbeelde, in omvang vanaf die antieke, die middeleuse periode, en die moderne. 2) Evalueer die veranderinge wat voorgekom het in die ontwikkeling van die konsep, en veronderstel moontlike redes daarvoor: soos byvoorbeeld, die impak van vermeerderde fokus op die visuele - en daarby die fisiese - as gevolg van 'n meer geletterde bevolking, op 'n konsep wat aanvanklik hoofsaaklik ouditief ondervind is. 3) Identifiseer verwante konsepte, die eienskappe waarvan moontlik 'n rol kon gespeel het in die formulasie van die aanvanklike konsep, asook die wat daarby geintegreer is, om die moderne weergawe van die Muse te vorm: voorbeelde sluit in, die invloed van die mite van Pigmalion op begrippe aangaande die digter se verhouding met beide die materiaal en Muse; en die gevolge van 'n samesmelting van Aphrodite se karaktertrekke met die van die pastorale Muse. 4) Ondersoek die mate waartoe die Muse-digter verhouding fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses en sy hoof komponente kan ontbloot: soos die verskille tussen die publieke invokasie en ervaring van die Muse in 'n verbale konteks, in teenstelling met die geletterde digter wat die Muse privaat ondevind; asook die veranderinge temeegebring op die persepsies aangaande die konsep se funksionering as gevolg van die uitbreiding daarvan tot die visuele kunste; en die korrelasie tussen die Jungiaanse idee van die anima, en aspekte van die Muse. 5) Veronderstel die fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses, soos ontbloot deur analise van die konsep van die Muse vir verdere ondersoek. Kortliks dan, die hoof voorneme van hierdie tesis is om deur analise van spesifieke voorbeelde, die uitvoerbaarheid te ondersoek om die konsep van die Muse toe te pas as metafoor vir verdere navorsing waardeur kwessies en temas, aangaande die produksie en veranderinge in sosiale waardering van kreatiewe ondernemings, ge-identifiseer kan word.
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Poole, David Norman John. "The history of the covenant concept from the Bible to Johannes Cloppenburg : De foedere Dei /." San Francisco (Calif.) : Mellen research university press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36149857j.
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Chapman, Judith. "An auto/biographical study of family and history with reference to the concept of Bildung." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/175603/.
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Eklund, Magnus. "Adoption of the Innovation System Concept in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8167.
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Mauer, Manuel. "Le concept de vie dans les travaux de Michel Foucault." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874607.
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Devon, Terrence J. (Terrence John). "Language, media, and the concept of a machine : toward a unified theory of communication in history." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39778.
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This thesis is focused upon the development of the computer as a communication medium in history. To accomplish this, the computer is understood as constructed by language and technology where these are in turn grounded upon their roles as forms of cultural mediation. As methodology is of paramount importance, the digital medium is heuristically employed to discuss the epistemic and phenomenological significance of communications media. The more general inference therefore concerns the role of socially constructed media in the fabric of cultural development. In addressing this concern, the paper finds that communications media stand as the repositories of knowledge in the form of artificial memory and figurative technique. The computer then, as a medium in history, may arguably be declared as a paradigmatic instantiation of this role.
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Grdzelidze, Tamara. "The concept of place/space in the writings of Maximus the Confessor : liturgical space according to the Mystagogia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285248.
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Anbari, Alan Roy. "Richard Wagner's concepts of history /." Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2007. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2007/anbaria35075/anbaria35075.pdf#page=3.
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Elass, Mateen Assaad. "Paul's understanding and use of the concept of election in Romans 9-11." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5193/.
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This thesis contends that Paul is wholly consistent in his understanding and use of the concept of election in Romans 9-11. Drawing upon both Old Testament teaching and a double predestinarian tradition finding its most coherent and reasoned expression in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Paul employs the concept of election in Romans 9 to demonstrate how God may be considered faithful to His covenant with Israel. At present, the Creator honors His word by selecting out of ethnic Israel those whom He has predestined as children of promise. These comprise true Israel, and are recognized in Paul's day as Jews embracing Jesus as Messiah. Along with believing Gentiles, they constitute the "vessels of mercy predestined to eschatological glory." The remainder of Israel is hardened into unbelief, and viewed as "vessels of wrath prepared for destruction." Thus, in Romans 9 Paul dismisses a purely nationalistic concept of election in favor of an Israel formed by God's sovereign election of individuals to salvation. Romans 11, however, seems to overrule this individualized perspective of election. Paul declares that God has not completely or finally rejected unbelieving, ethnic Israel. As a corporate entity, through the existence of 'the remnant' she enjoys the continuity of both a theocratic and soteriological election. Although most of his contemporary, unbelieving kinsmen have not been chosen to salvation, Paul holds firmly to the mystery that at the close of the age God will bring future Israel into His mercy. Here, at the consummation of history, God's individualized, electing purpose (Rom 9) and His corporate election of all Israel (Rom 11) dovetail, and God is fully glorified as both Jew and Gentile are rescued from disobedience solely through the sovereign, elective mercy of God.
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Kazandjian, Fred. "The concept and development of the Yepes ten-string guitar : a preliminary investigation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16850.
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The purpose of this study is to provide a broader understanding of the Yepes ten-string guitar. Since its inception, twenty-eight years ago, no authoritative work has been published providing inferential detail which explains the concept and development of the Yepes guitar. As a result, this instrument has been, and still is, criticized by some, largely from ignorance or lack of knowledge about the instrument. In an attempt to rectify this situation and make the instrument's extended possibilities known, the author has undertaken extensive research and has interviewed, amongst others, leading international authorities associated with the Yepes ten-string guitar. As a result of these efforts, a clearer and more positive understanding of the instrument has emerged. This in turn has become the foundation on which this dissertation has been written. The opening chapter of this dissertation provides an overview, showing how the guitar emerged and developed before the concept of multi-string guitars became established in Europe, during the second half of the eighteenth century. Aspects pertaining to the early guitar's physical features, performance practices, music, tuning and stringing methods are discussed. Several multi-string vihuelas and guitars are also mentioned. The following chapter presents a survey of numerous experiments carried out during the 1770-1900 period; to 'improve' the capabilities of the guitar. Here a number of early multi-string instruments related to the Yepes ten-string guitar are discussed. These include guitars with added basses, guitars with added trebles, guitars with added basses and trebles, and guitars with multiple necks. The third chapter shows how out of an enormous variety of eccentric forms of the guitar, some professional guitarists opted for multi-string guitars (with added basses) as their instruments, whilst others preferred the six-string variety. The music of guitarist-composers who composed for multi-string guitars is discussed alongside those who wrote specifically for the six-string guitar. The rationale for the tuning and disposition of strings on most of these multi-string guitars, past and present, as well as several illustrations showing their physical features are included. The penultimate chapter comprises an interview with Narciso Yepes and other leading figures associated with the ten-string guitar. The reasons behind Yepes' unique concept for the ten-string guitar, arguments for and against the instrument, as well as its tuning and problems related to playing this instrument are discussed. The chapter includes an inquiry(with examples) showing how the ten-string guitar can be used, amongst other things, to facilitate the playing of difficult passages in music originally composed for the six-string guitar. The extension of the repertoire with music composed specifically for this instrument is also briefly discussed. A comprehensive discography of recordings made by Narciso Yepes on the ten-string guitar is presented in the appendix. A more detailed discussion of the ten-string guitar repertoire in the twentieth century is presented in the final chapter. It includes several compositions originally intended for the traditional guitar, which have become associated with the Yepes guitar. At least five compositions composed and dedicated to Narciso Yepes by various composers are also examined. It is concluded that this instrument clearly offers more than what has been assumed over the past twenty-eight years.
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Talpash, Olesia. "Towards the righting of music history, re-thinking the concept of nationalism in western music historiography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22559.pdf.
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Nijman, Janne Elisabeth. "The concept of international legal personality : an inquiry into the history and theory of international law /." The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/484567152.pdf.
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Crowley, A. E. "Standard English : The history of the term and concept in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381831.
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Stergiou, Stavroula. "The concept of the avant-garde in twentieth and twenty-first century architecture : history, theory, criticism." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/32215/.
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The ‘Avant-Garde’ in architecture seems a challenging subject: first, because the term has not yet clearly defined, despite the ubiquity of its use; second, because through that ubiquity it has become a buzz-word that is empty of precise meaning; third, because although this use includes the history of modern architecture, its application to this field has been largely unreflective and often unconsidered, as this thesis demonstrates. There is ambivalence as to which architectures are ‘Avant-Garde’ or should be regarded as ‘Avant-Garde.’ Therefore, there is a challenge in any question such as: what is the Avant-Garde in architecture? How can the architectural Avant-Garde be defined? What is the concept of the Avant-Garde in architecture? My thesis is a sociological conceptualization of the Avant-Garde in architecture. It is based on the mapping of the use the‘ term ‘Avant-Garde’ in architectural history, theory and criticism and its analytical tools are sociological. While it belongs to the above fields, it is informed by art theory and history, cultural studies, and the sociology of the professions, and includes sociological, cultural and political analyses. I suggest that the Avant-Garde is an Operation internal to architecture; a mechanism that does not only describe it but formulates it, motivates it, or else, influences our perception of it. I propose that the Avant-Garde is directed by prominent elements of its internal domain. It includes a filtering process, a rough selection process, and a selection process, by which one or more architectures internal conditions - are introduced to the discipline to renew the profession toward the desired and necessary, for the element who directs the operation, direction (see fig. 2, appendix). The end result of the selection process is what we commonly understand as ‘Avant-Garde’ architecture, e.g. Russian Constructivism or Bauhaus. I also propose that the Avant-Garde lies in and operates within the socio-ideological sphere of architecture and that renewal of the architecture's internal domain is necessary, thus the Avant-Garde is necessary, so as to make architecture respond to each time new external conditions and so endure, as a profession, over time. The Avant-Garde is for me an operation of renewal, a driver of difference and change in architecture (see fig. 1, appendix). The methodology adopted is as follows: I first introduce my analytical tools, some key sociological concepts, and concepts from the ‘Avant-Garde’ discourse (chapter 1). I then examine the filtering process and rough selection process in architectural history: I map the usage of the term in a historiographic corpus and arrive at the more frequently and the less frequently named ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures, which become my two case studies. These are Russian Revolutionary Architecture and Italian Rationalism (chapter 2). The third step is to arrive, through the comparison of my case studies, at those parameters that are crucial in being selected as ‘Avant-Garde,’ i.e. their ‘Avantgardification’ - this occurs after 1960 when the term starts being used describing architectures (part 2). The fourth step is to examine the period of the extended 19605 when the term starts appearing as a means of describing architectures and thus the selection process begins (chapter 6). As a fifth step I research the selection process in the discourse of architectural theory and criticism: I investigate in a particular corpus of writings which architectures, by whom they are chosen as ‘Avant-Garde,’ and the reason why, as Well as which are the concomitant effects of the usage of the term on architecture. In other words, beyond concentrating on which architectures or architectural movements are ‘Avant-Garde' in these writings, I focus on the effects of this selection and denomination (chapter 7). As a sixth step, I examine the selection process of my two case studies in architectural theory and criticism, i.e the Avantgardification of Russian Revolutionary Architecture and less of Italian Rationalism. I investigate when, by whom, and the reason why the first architecture is mostly selected as ‘Avant- Garde,’ as well as which are the concomitant effects on architecture (chapter 8, see also fig. 3, appendix). As a final step I examine the Avant-Garde as a sociological concept based on the key-concepts introduced in chapter 1 (Conclusions). A sociological conceptualization of the Avant-Garde is important for shedding light on issues beyond those of ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures. Through such a concept of the Avant-Garde we recognize issues of the profession, issues which are wider than questions which are directly connected to those architectures selected as such. Looking through the ‘Avant-Garde’ we understand the ways by which architecture is being renewed and Operated. By recognizing the conditions, in which the ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures have been created, and the way and time in which the term was employed to describe them, we understand the mode in which architecture, as a discipline, functions. My thesis is a hermeneutics of the architectural profession through the term ‘Avant-Garde.’
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McAlpine, Susan Jane. "Self concept and attributions about other women in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24921.
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Objective: To investigate self concept and attributions about other women of women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) using an adapted version of the self-concept card sorting task (Linville, 1985, 1987). Method: A mixed design was used to compare three groups of women: women with a history of CSA, women experiencing depressed mood but without a history of CSA and a healthy non-clinical comparison group of hospital staff. A between-subjects design was used but correlational analyses were also conducted. Results: General self-concept was found to differ significantly between groups. Significant differences were also found between groups when considering the initial self concepts that came to mind for each woman (e.g. mother, wife, daughter). However, this difference ceased to be significant as further roles were discussed. Few significant differences were found between groups when comparing attributions about other women, although a priori analysis revealed that the healthy non-clinical comparison group made more positive attributions about mothers than the CSA group and fewer negative attributions about mothers than the depression group. Conclusion: To some extent the current findings support previous studies indicating women attempting to cope with the consequences of a history of CSA have a negative self concept. However there is evidence to suggest that certain self-aspects are protective or protected. Similarly there is some support for previous evidence of difficult relationships with mothers. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed and areas for future research suggested.
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Davis, Damani Keita. "The Rise of Islam in Black Philadelphia: The Nation of Islam's Role in Reviving an Alternative Religious Concept within an Urbanized Black Population, 1967-1976." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392045800.
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Locke, Samuel A. III. "Multiplying an Army: Prussian and German Military Planning and the Concept of Force Multiplication in Three Conflicts." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1588694697384848.
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