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Journal articles on the topic 'On treatment with ammonia/hydrazine hydrate'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Hamada, Nagwa M. M., Sohila H. Mancy, and Mohamed A. El Sekily. "A Facile Synthesis, Spectroscopic Identification, and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Heterocyclic Derivatives from D-erythro-2,3-hexodiuloso-1,4-lactone-2-(o-chlorophenyl hydrazone)-3-oxime." International Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v16n2p62.

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A new series of different heterocyclic derivatives was prepared via a facile unimolecular condensation of D-iso ascorbic acid with o-chlorophenyl hydrazine to give D-erythro-2,3-hexodiulosono-1,4-lactone 2-( o-chlorophenyl hydrazine (2). Reactions of&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;with hydroxylamine gave the 2-( o-chlorophenyl hydrazone)-3-oxime (3). On boiling with boiling acetyl chloride,&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;gave 2-o-chlorophenyl-4-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-D-erythro-glyceryl-1-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylic acid-5,1́-lactone (4). In the treatment of (3) with benzoyl chloride in pyridine the same dehydrati

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2

Hamada, Nagwa M. M., Sohila H. Mancy, and Mohamed A. El Sekily. "A Facile Synthesis, Spectroscopic Identification, and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Heterocyclic Derivatives from D-erythro-2,3-hexodiuloso-1,4-lactone-2-(o-chlorophenyl hydrazone)-3-oxime." International Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2025): 50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v17n2p50.

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A new series of different heterocyclic derivatives was prepared via a facile unimolecular condensation of D-iso ascorbic acid with o-chlorophenyl hydrazine to give D-erythro-2,3-hexodiulosono-1,4-lactone 2-( o-chlorophenyl hydrazine (2). Reactions of&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;with hydroxylamine gave the 2-( o-chlorophenyl hydrazone)-3-oxime (3). On boiling with boiling acetyl chloride,&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;gave 2-o-chlorophenyl-4-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-D-erythro-glyceryl-1-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylic acid-5,1́-lactone (4). In the treatment of (3) with benzoyl chloride in pyridine the same dehydrati

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3

Sangeeta, Mehrotra, Pandey Vaishali, Lakhan Ram, and K. Srivastava P. "Synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-(p-chloropheny1)- 2-amino/hydrazino-4-nitrophenyl/p-chloropheny1)-1,6-dihydro ¬1,3,5-triazine-6-thiones and related thiocarbamides, thiosemicar- bazides and Schiff bases." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Feb 2002 (2002): 176–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5873172.

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Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India  <em>Fax : </em>91-542-368174 <em>Manuscript received 27 November 2000, revised 19 March 2001. accepted 5 June 2001</em> 1-(p-ChlorophenyI)-2-benzylmercapto-4-0-nitrophenyl/p-chloropheny1)-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-trazine-6-thiones (1) on treatment with ammonia/hydrazine hydrate under suitable conditions afford the corresponding 2-amino/hydrazino derivatives (2, 3). The latter on treatment with aryl isothiocyanates/aryl aldehydes afford the related thiocarbamides/thiosemicarbazides/Schiff bases (4.6) which have been

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4

Ion-Ebrașu, Daniela, Radu Dorin Andrei, Stanică Enache, et al. "Nitrogen Functionalization of CVD Grown Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Media." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174952.

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Three-dimensional graphene foam (3D-GrFoam) is a highly porous structure and sustained lattice formed by graphene layers with sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon. In this work, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)—grown 3D-GrFoam was nitrogen-doped and platinum functionalized using hydrothermal treatment with different reducing agents (i.e., urea, hydrazine, ammonia, and dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) hydrate, respectively). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey showed that the most electrochemically active nitrogen-doped sample (GrFoam3N) contained 1.8 at % of N, and it exhibited a 172 mV d

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5

Nakhutsrishvili, I., Z. Adamia, and G. Kakhniashvili. "Gas Etching of Germanium Surface with Water Vapors Contained in NitrogenContaining Reagents." Journal of Applied Surface Science 2, no. 2 (2024): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.33140/jass.02.02.01.

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The reactions of nitridation of the surface of single-crystallyne germanium in wet ammonia, in hydrazine and hydrazine-hydrate vapors have been studied. In these processes, nitride is formed - a mixture of the α- and β-modifications of germanium nitride Ge3 N4 . In this case, the relative content of the α-phase increases with the degree of humidity of the gas reagent. The formation of nitride is preceded by the process of etching the surface of germanium with water vapor contained in ammonia and hydrazine. The activation energies of this process are ~46 kcal/mol in the case of ammonia, ~53 kca

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6

BIAN, Z. Q., X. B. XU, J. B. CHU, Z. SUN, Y. W. CHEN, and S. M. HUANG. "STUDY OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION OF ZnS THIN FILMS WITH SUBSTRATE VIBRATION." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 06 (2008): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08012098.

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An improved chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique has been provided to prepare zinc sulfide ( ZnS ) thin films on glass substrates deposited at 80–82°C using a mixed aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, thiourea, hydrazine hydrate, and ammonia at the alkaline conditions. Both the traditional magnetic agitation and the substrates vibration by hand frequently were done simultaneously during the deposition. The substrates vibration reduced the formation and residence of gas bubbles on the glass substrates during growth and resulted in growth of clean ZnS thin films with high qua

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7

Lin, Jingjing, Tao Mei, Meijiao Lv, Chang'an Zhang, Zhenfeng Zhao, and Xianbao Wang. "Size-controlled PdO/graphene oxides and their reduction products with high catalytic activity." RSC Adv. 4, no. 56 (2014): 29563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02855d.

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Well-dispersed and size-controlled Pd/RGO with highly active catalysts was synthesized through reduction of PdO/GO with hydrazine hydrate and ammonia. The electrocatalytic activity and the stability of the as-prepared Pd/RGO are much better than those of commercial Pd/C catalysts for methanol electrooxidation and the Suzuki reaction.

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8

Chen, Liang Yan, Chao Fang, and Xi Qu Chen. "Calculation of Complexion in Chemical Precursor for ZnSe as Buffer-Window Layer of CIGS Solar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.604.

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With ammonia and hydrazine hydrate as complexing agents, ZnSe has been deposited as the buffer-window layer of solar cells from chemical solution, in which the complexion played vital role in controlling the film growth. We calculated various complexion in chemical solution deposited ZnSe precursor with solubility theory. And the main complexion and their concentration with adding of complexing agents and pH value have been investigated. And we found that the main complexion are Zn (NH3)32+ and Zn (NH3)42+, the concentration of which varied with the adding of ammonia and pH value.

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9

Khan, R., PA Konowicz, L. Gardossi, M. Matulova, and S. Degennaro. "Regioselective Deacetylation of Fully Acetylated Mono- and Di-Saccharides With Hydrazine Hydrate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 3 (1996): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9960293.

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Selective deacetylation reactions of the peracetylated reducing disaccharides (1), (5), (9), (15), β-D- glucopyranose (17) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (19), with 1.2 equiv. Of hydrazine hydrate in acetonitrile, gave predominantly the corresponding heptaacetates (2), (6), (10), (16), the tetraacetate (18) and the triacetate (20), with the free hydroxy group at C1. Reaction of (1) with 1.2 equiv. of hydrazine hydrate in N,N- dimethylformamide also afforded the heptaacetate (2), but in lower yield. When reactions of (1), (5) and (9) were performed with 2.5 equiv. of hydrazine hydrat

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10

Jia, Zhao, and Yan Gong Yang. "Study on the Preparation of Flame-Retardant Polyacrylonitrile Fiber by Surface Modification." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.233.

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In this article, a new process was used to make flame resistant polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers by surface modification. The effects of the treating conditions during the copper ion treatment, aqueous mixture of hydrazine hydrate treatment and high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties and flammability of the resultant flame resistant fibers were studied. The results showed that the optimum reactiong conditions were: the addition of hydrazine hydrate 20mL, drying time 3min, heating temperature 160°C and heating time 180min.Under these conditions, the flame-retardant PAN fiber with

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11

Khalifa, Nagy M., Ahmed M. Naglah, Mohamed A. Al-Omara, and Abd El-Galil E. Amr. "Synthesis and Reactions of New Chiral Linear Dipeptide Candidates Using Nalidixic Acid as Starting Material." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 6 (2014): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4031.

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A series of dipeptide heterocyclic derivatives 4-15 were synthesized using methyl 2-{[(1-ethyl- 7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-ethylbutanoate (3) as starting material. Treatment of 3 with L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride afforded the corresponding dipeptide methyl ester derivative 4, which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford the dipeptide acid hydrazide 5. Compound 5 was coupled with aldehyde and acetophenone derivatives to afford the corresponding Schiff bases 6a-f. The hydrazide derivative 5 was reacted with ethyl acetoacetate or acetone

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12

Zhao, Wen, Lu Hai Li, Xu Wei Hu, and Li Xin Mo. "Investigation on Post Treatment of Nano-Size Silver Conductive Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.470.

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This paper provides a novel post treatment method to achieve high conductivity of nano-size silver coatings. Based on the preparation of nano-size conductive ink and conductive circuit, the printed sample and the coated conductive film were treated by series concentrations of silver nitrate solution and hydrazine hydrate solution in this order. The samples were dipped in 1%~20% solutions of silver nitrate and hydrazine hydrate successively, to form the new conductive layer of Ag particles only. It was investigated that the relationship between the thickness of printed and coated layers on phot

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13

N., M. Chavhan, V. Badadhe P., S. Bhagat S., S. Joshi R., G. Mandhane P., and H. Gill C. "Synthesis of some biologically important pyrazoles and pyrazoline derivatives." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 88, Mar 2011 (2011): 457–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766093.

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Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 004, Maharashtra, India <em>E-mail</em> : chgill50@yahoo.com Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar-414 001, Maharashtra, India Manuscript received 01 June 2009, revised 09 July 2010, accepted 20 July 2010 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (1) on treatment with 3-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-lH-p,-razole-4-carbaldehyde (2) gave corresponding chalcones (3). These chalcones on treatment with DMSO/I<sub>2</sub> and hydrazine hydrate gave 2-heteroaryl chromones (4) and pyrazolines (6). The chromones (4) on treatm

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14

Zhong, Liping, Zumiao Yan, Hai Wang, and Linjiang Wang. "Hydrazine Hydrate Induced Three-Dimensional Interconnected Porous Flower-like 3D-NiCo-SDBS-LDH Microspheres for High-Performance Supercapacitor." Materials 15, no. 4 (2022): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041405.

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Porous structure and surface defects are important to improve the performance of supercapacitors. In this study, a facile pathway was developed for high-performance supercapacitors, which can produce transition metal hydroxides (LDHs) with abundant porous structure and surface defects. The NiCo-SDBS-LDH was prepared by one-step hydrothermal reaction using sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as anionic surfactant. And then, three dimensional (3D) interconnected porous flower-like 3D-NiCo-SDBS-LDH microspheres were designed and synthesized using the gas-phase hydrazine hydrate reduction metho

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15

El-Dean, A. M. Kamal, A. A. Atalla, Th A. Mohamed, and A. A. Geies. "Synthesis of Some Pyrazolopyridine Sulphonamide Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 4 (1991): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0417.

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The diazonium salt of 3-aminopyrazolopyridine when treated with SO2 and CuCl2 produces the corresponding sulphonyl chloride. The sulphonyl chloride chloride easily reacts with hydrazine hydrate, ammonia, aromatic or heterocyclic amines to produce the corresponding sulphohydrazide, sulphonamide or N-sulphonamide derivatives. Sulphohydrazide reacts with acetylacetone to produce pyrazoly pyrazolopyridinyl sulphone which is also obtained by reaction of sulphonyl chloride with dimethylpyrazole. The aminopyrazolopyridine can be converte into pyrazolopyridinthiole by its reacting with ethyl dithioxan

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16

Wasfy, Ashraf A. F., Mohamed M. H. Arief, Mahassen S. Amine, Shafey G. Donia та Aly A. Aly. "γ-Oxo Carboxylic Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis, III. Synthesis of Biologically Active 4-Benzylamino-6-(5,5-dioxodibenzothiophen- 2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-3-ones". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, № 6 (2002): 668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0613.

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α-Benzylamino-β-(5,5-dioxodibenzothiophen-2-carbonyl)propionic acid (1) has been synthesized by treating the corresponding β-aroylacrylic acid with benzylamine in dry benzene. On treatment with hydrazine hydrate the keto acid 1 furnishes the corresponding pyridazinone derivative 2. The behaviour of 2 towards carbon electrophiles, namely, ethyl chloroacetate, acrylonitrile, formaldehyde and secondary amines (under Mannich reaction conditions), aromatic aldehydes and carbon nucleophiles, namely, POCl3/PCl3 and P2S5 has been investigated. The 3-chloropyridazine derivative 13 reacts with hydrazine

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17

Nosachova, Yuliia, and Mykola Kosmyna. "Study of the influence of iron and copper ions on oxidation processes at different temperatures using hydrazine reagent." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 1 (March 30, 2025): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2025.325849.

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Water treatment problems are very relevant in the operation of boiler plants and heating systems, both in small boiler houses, large enterprises, and energy facilities. The main cause of internal corrosion of equipment and pipelines of water heating systems is the presence of corrosive gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) dissolved in water. This leads to economic costs, disruption of process technology, and also increases the anthropogenic load on the environment. Therefore, high requirements are imposed on these water regimes for desalination and deoxygenation, which allows to reduce the aggres

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18

Shapoval, Pavlo, Martyn Sozanskyi, Iosyp Yatchyshyn, Bogdan Kulyk, Mykhaylo Shpotyuk, and Roman Gladyshevskii. "The Effect of Different Complexing Agents on the Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films Deposited from Aqueous Solutions." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 3 (2016): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.03.317.

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The zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition using the aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, thiourea, pH regulator and complexing agent (ammonia and hydrazine hydrate, trisodium citrate or sodium hydroxide). The calculations of boundary conditions for formation of zinc sulfide and zinc hydroxide were made at various zinc salt concentrations with different complexing agents. The structural, morphology and optical properties of the ZnS thin films were investigated. The thickness of ZnS films was measured and the recalculation of zinc mass per cm2

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19

Chen, Liang Yan, and Chao Fang. "ZnSe Thin Film Buffer Layer for CIGS Solar Cells Deposited from Chemical Solution with Variety Complexing Agents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.264.

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Chemical solution deposited ZnSe thin films can be proper buffer layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se based solar cells in substitution of CdS for environmental consideration, and complexing agents played vital role in chemical solution deposited ZnSe. Ammonia, hydrazine hydrate and triethanolamine have been applied as the complexing agents in chemical solution precursor to get the ZnSe films. Microstructure of the obtained ZnSe films were characterized and the growth property of films with variety complexing agents have been investigated to explorer the state of art in Cu(In,Ga)Se based thin film solar cell

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20

Ma, Zhong Quan, and Ke Gao Liu. "The Patented Project Design for Preparing SnSe₂ Nanosheets." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.349.

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The patent design provides one method for preparing photoelectricity thin film used in solar cell. It belongs to the field of photoelectric film preparation technology. The SnSe2 nanosheet was prepared from the solid powders of SnCl22H2O and SeO2. The hydrazine hydrate, NaOH and ammonia are used as reducing agents and assistant agent respectively in the patent. It includes the steps of reacting, heating, washing, drying to prepared Tin diselenide. The obtained SnSe2 with high purity has good dispersivity, and regular and uniform shape. The method has a wide application prospect because of safe

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21

Zhou, Jin Hua, Han Zhou Sun, Hai Li Gao, Ye Wang, and Yu Xiong Wu. "Preparation of Fe-Ni/C Composite Catalyst for the Hydrazine Hydrate Catalytic Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.233.

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Hydrazine hydrate catalytic reduction (HHCR) is a green, eco-friendly method to reduce aromatic nitro compound to aromatic amine. Fe-Ni/C composite catalyst for HHCR was prepared. Preparation conditions of Fe-Ni/C composite catalyst were investigated taking o-chloronitrobenzene’s hydrazine hydrate catalytic reductions as the examples. Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: preparation temperature is 50 °C, catalyst carrier is nitric acid treated activated carbon, w(Fe) is 5% and w(Ni) is 0.2%. During the preparation, ultrasonic treatment is also helpful to imp

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22

Zuala, Lalhriat, Ramakrishna Madaka, and Pratima Agarwal. "Structural, Optical and Electrical Characterization of CdSe Nanorods Synthesized by Solvothermal Process." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 28, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/257359.

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CdSe nanorods are synthesized by solvothermal process in a mixed solvent of hydrazine hydrate [H6N2O], ammonia [NH3] and deionized water. Cadmium acetate [(CH3COO)2Cd·2H2O] and sodium selenite [Na2SeO3] are used as precursors for cadmium and selenium ions, respectively. FESEM is used to study the morphology of the synthesized nanorods. XRD measurement shows wurtzite phase of CdSe. SAED pattern and TEM measurement are also used to study the structure and morphology of the particles. UV-Vis_NIR measurement shows strong absorption around 730 nm. Nanorods thin films are prepared using doctor blade

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23

Mahmoud, Mahmoud R., Eman A. A. El-Bordany, Naglaa F. Hassan, and Fatma S. M. Abu El-Azm. "New 2,3-Disubstituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-Ones from 2-Undecyl-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-One." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 9 (2007): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x248315.

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2-undecyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (2) was prepared and reacted with primary and secondary amines affording compounds 3–7, while with hydrazine hydrate it gave the quinazolinone derivative 8. The reaction of 8 with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde followed by thioglycollic acid yielded 9 and 10, respectively. Acylation of 8 using cinnamoyl chloride gave 11. Furthermore, treatment of 2 with hydrazine derivatives provided 12 and 13. Fusion of 2 with ammonium acetate gave the quinazolinone derivative 14 which upon treatment with ethyl chloroacetate yielded the ester 15. The hydrazide 17 was obtained f

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24

Pantelkin, V., V. Zhuravleva, and A. Tsoviyanov. "Development of Chemical Samples Preparation Method to Reduce the Lower Limit of Absorbed Dose Assessment by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometry." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, no. 2 (2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-2-50-56.

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Purpose: Development of a method of chemical sample preparation to reduce the lower limit of the absorbed dose estimation by EPR spectrometry.  Material and methods: The required number of bone samples was prepared to study the effect of chemical treatment of bone material samples in organic solvents on their EPR spectra. They were subjected to primary treatment to separate the bones from the remains of soft biological tissue, then a dense bone was isolated and its defatting was carried out. Further, a series of parallel experiments on chemical treatment of bone materials in solutions of

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25

Ibrahim, Hassan K., Sayed H. El-Tamany, Reda F. El-Shaarawy, and Ibrahim M. El-Deen. "Synthesis and investigation of mass spectra of some novel benzimidazole derivatives." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27, no. 1 (2008): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2008.248.

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2-Substituted benzimidazoles (3) and (4a-c) were prepared via condensation of ethyl 2-thionyl-pyruvate (1) and hydrazidoyl derivatives (2a-c) with o-phenylene diamine in acetic acid. Acetylation of compound (4a) with acetic anhydride yielded the corresponding N-acetyl derivative (5). Treatment of compound 4b with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding hydrazino derivative (6). Reaction of 2-[(2-thionyl)acetyl)] benzimidazole (3) with hydrazine hydrate gave the pyrazolyl derivative (7) and hydrazino derivative (8). Alkylation of compound 3 with alkyl halide gave the corresponding 2,3-disubsti

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Tien Nguyen, Cong, Dao Thi Hong Dinh, Thin Van Nguyen, Giang Duc Le, and Hien Cao Nguyen. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some 1-arylideneamino-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-methyl- 1H-imidazolin-5(4H)-one Compounds." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2019): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350245.

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4-Chlorobenzylidene-2-methyl-(4H)-oxazol-5-one, which were prepared from 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and acetylglycine in reaction with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol gave 1-amino-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-imidazolin-5(4H)-one. However, treatment of 4-chlorobenzylidene-2-methyl-(4H)-oxazol-5-one with hydrazine hydrate in pyridine yielded 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propanohydrazide. Reaction of 1-amino-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-imidazolin-5(4H)-one with aromatic aldehydes gave eight corresponding Schiff’s bases namely 1-arylideneamino-4-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-methyl-1H-imidazolin-5(4H)-ones.

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27

N., C. DESAI, R. PAREKH B., and A. THAKER K. "Preparation of some Important Medicinal Compounds. Thiosemicarbazones, Thiadiazolines, 4-Thiazolidinones and 5-Aryheiline Derivatives as Antibacterial and Tuberculostatic Agents." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 64, Aug 1987 (1987): 491–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6200491.

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University Department of Chemistry, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar-364 002 <em>Manuscript received 6 August 1984, accepted 20 July 1985</em> Thiosemicarbazides (1) have been prepared by the reaction of initial amine, ammonia and carbon disulphide with ethanol (95%) and sodium chloroacetate, followed by addition of hydrazine hydrate. Benzaldehyde 4-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazones (2) have been prepared by the condensation of thiosemicarbazide (1) and different aldehydes in boiling ethanol (95%) Thiosemicarbazones (2) treated with NaOH (5%) and potassium ferricyanide solution produced thi

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28

Gaffer, Hatem E., Mohamed A. E. Khalifa, Shaima F. El-Bially, and Mohamed A. Metwally. "New azo disperse dyes containing cyclohexanone ring for dyeing polyester and nylon fabrics." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 29, no. 1 (2010): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2010.176.

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Condensation of 2,4-diacarboethoxy-5-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl cyclohexanone (1) with equimolar amounts of hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine afforded the corresponding 2H-indazole-5-carboxylates 2a and 2b, respectively. Coupling of 2 with diazotized aromatic amines furnished the corresponding azo compounds 3a n. When compound 1 was subjected to the Japp-Klingemann reaction in alkaline medium with diazotized aromatic amines furnished the corresponding hydrazones 4a-g. The treatment of 4a-g with phenyl hydrazine in acetic acid allows the isolation of arylhydrazono derivatives 5a-

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29

Op den Camp, H. J. M., B. Kartal, D. Guven, et al. "Global impact and application of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 1 (2006): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340174.

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In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, ammonia is oxidized with nitrite as primary electron acceptor under strictly anoxic conditions. The reaction is catalysed by a specialized group of planctomycete-like bacteria. These anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. The reactions are assumed to be carried out in a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome. This organelle is surrounded by ladderane lipids, which make the organelle nearly impermeable to hydrazine and protons. The localization of the major anammox protein, hydrazin

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Cai, Ming-Zhong, Jun Zhou, Hong Zhao та Cai-Sheng Song. "Heck Arylation of Conjugated Alkenes Catalysed by a Silica-Supported Poly-γ-Methylselenopropylsiloxane Palladium(0) Complex, the First Polymeric Organoselenium Palladium Complex". Journal of Chemical Research 2002, № 2 (2002): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823402103171320.

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A silica-supported poly-γ-methylselenopropylsiloxane palladium(0) complex was prepared from poly-γ-chloro-propylsiloxane by treatment with sodium methyl-selenolate, followed by reaction with palladium chloride and then reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The first polymeric organoselenium palladium complex is a highly active and stereoselective catalyst for the arylation of conjugated alkenes.

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31

M.A., EI-Sekily, E. Elba M., and S. Fouad F. "Some heterocycles from dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and dehydro-D-isoascorbic acid." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Mar 2000 (2000): 168–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5867557.

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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria, Egypt Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Damanhour, Alexandria University, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 5 January 1999, revised 7 September 1999, accepted 13 September 1999</em> Reaction of D-<em>erythro</em>-2,3-hexodiulosono-1,4-lactone-2-phenylhydrazone 1 with <em>p</em>-sulfamylphenylhydrazine gives the 3-<em>p</em>sulfamylphenylhydrazone 2, which upon treatment with hydrazine hydrate or CuCl<sub>2</sub> affords pyrazolinedione 4 or 3,6-anhydro derivative 6, respectively. Condensation of the aldehyde 8 w

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Nakagawa, Tessui, Hiroki Uesato, Anthony K. Burrell, et al. "Surface-Controlled Conversion of Ammonia Borane from Boron Nitride." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215569.

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“One-pot regeneration”, which is simple regneneration method of ammonia borane (AB) using hydrazine and liquid ammonia, enables conversion of AB from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) after milling hydrogenation. Solution 11B-NMR revealed the presence of AB after NH3/N2H4 treatment of milled h-BN (BNHx) although the yield of AB was less than 5%. The conversion mechanism was clarified as B-H bonds on the h-BN surface created by ball-milling under hydrogen pressure have an ability to form AB, which was confirmed by Thermogravimetry-Residual Gas Analysis (TG-RGA) and Infrared (IR) analysis. The reac

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Zhang, Xiaoyuan, and Zhiqiang Su. "MoS2 QDs/8-Armed Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Fluorescence Sensor for Three Nitrotoluenes (TNT) Detection." Biosensors 11, no. 12 (2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120475.

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In this work, ammonia cross-linked 8-armed polyethylene glycol hydrogel material was successfully synthesized and used as a template for synthesizing nanoparticles with fluorescent properties. The 8-armed polyethylene glycol hydrogel template was used to prepare molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs). The ammonium tetrathiomolybdate functioned as a molybdenum source and hydrazine hydrate functioned as a reducing agent. The fluorescence properties of the as-prepared MoS2 QDs were investigated. The bursting of fluorescence caused by adding different concentrations of explosive TNT was stud

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Aouad, Mohamed Reda, Mouslim Messali, Nadjet Rezki, Adeeb Al-Sheikh Ali, and Alain Lesimple. "Synthesis and characterization of some novel 1,2,4-triazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and Schiff bases incorporating imidazole moiety as potential antimicrobial agents." Acta Pharmaceutica 65, no. 2 (2015): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acph-2015-0011.

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Abstract (1,4,5-Triphenylimidazol-2-yl-thio)butyric acid hydrazide (3) was obtained via alkylation of 1,4,5-triphenylimidazol-2- thiol (1) with ethylbromobutyrate, followed by addition of hydrazine hydrate. Treatment of acid hydrazide 3 with carbon disulfide in an ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution gave the intermediate potassium dithiocarbazinate salt, which was cyclized to 4-amino-5-[(1,4,5-triphenylimidazol- -2-yl)thiopropyl]-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (4) in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Condensation of compound 3 with alkyl/arylisothiocyanate afforded the corresponding 1-[4-(1,4,

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35

Kachanov, Andrey, Andrey Zamaraev, Andrey Gerasimenko, Konstantin Maslov, Oleg Slabko, and Vladimir Kaminskii. "New Cyano-Group-Containing 1,3-Oxaselenoles: Nucleophilic Substitution of a Cyano Group with Rearrangement." Synlett 29, no. 15 (2018): 2035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609939.

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New cyano-group-containing 1,3-oxaselenoles were obtained by the treatment of aroylacetonitriles with selenium(IV) oxide. The resulting products were shown to react with ammonia, hydrazine, or primary amines; this reaction was accompanied by aryl rearrangement.

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Siwatch, Poonam, Kriti Sharma, Nirmal Manyani, and S. K. Tripathi. "Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Oxide - Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using Ammonia for Supercapacitor." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 11697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11697ecst.

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In this work, we have prepared a nanocomposite of NiCo2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (NC-RGO) by the hydrothermal synthesis technique using ammonia as the reducing agent. We have used ammonia solution as the reducing agent for GO reduction in aqueous solvent as it is more environmentally friendly in comparison to hydrazine hydrate or other poisonous reducing agents. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the prepared precursor has been done to find the decomposition temperature. X-ray diffraction has been done to verify the phases present in the material. The optical properties have also been studied

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Yang, Xinchun, Dmitri A. Bulushev, Jun Yang, and Quan Zhang. "New Liquid Chemical Hydrogen Storage Technology." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176360.

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The liquid chemical hydrogen storage technology has great potentials for high-density hydrogen storage and transportation at ambient temperature and pressure. However, its commercial applications highly rely on the high-performance heterogeneous dehydrogenation catalysts, owing to the dehydrogenation difficulty of chemical hydrogen storage materials. In recent years, the chemists and materials scientists found that the supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs) can exhibit high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for the dehydrogenation of chemical hydrogen storage materials, which will c

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M., Z. A. BADR, A. MAHGOUB S., M. ATTA F., S. MOUSTAFA O., and M. ABO EL-LATIF F. "Synthesis and Chemistry of 3-Amino- and 3-Hydrazocarbonylquinoxalinone Derivatives." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, Oct 1994 (1994): 617–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896678.

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Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 4 June 1993, accepted 18 August 1993</em> 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-2(1<em>H</em>)-quinoxalinone (1) reacts with nucleophiles, namely, dimethylamine, diethylamine, <em>o</em>- phenylenediamine and/or p-phenylenediamine to produce the corresponding 3-<em>N</em>-substituted-aminocarbonyl-2(1<em>H)</em>-quinoxalinones (3-6). Treatment of 1 with hydrazine hydrate produces the 2(1<em>H</em>)-quinoxalinone-3-carbohydrazide (2) with acylating reagents, namely, acetic anhydride, acetic acid or acetyl chloride/pyr

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M., B. DESHMUKH (HOGALE), and S. DESHMUKH D. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of some New Quinazolinyl Thiazolidinones and Azetidinones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 72, Dec 1995 (1995): 847–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5900710.

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Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004 <em>Manuscript received 3 November 1992, revised 8 October 1993, accepted 18 April1994</em> Sequential treatment of anthranilic acid in pyridine with benzoyl chloride and hydrazine hydrate gives 2 that has been converted to azetidinones (4) and thiazolidinones (5) via the N-arylidene derivatives (3). Most of the compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate to good antimicrobial activity.

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40

Hafiz, I. S. Abdel, A. A. Hassanien, and A. M. Hussein. "Alkyl Heteroaromatics as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis: The Reactivity of Alkyl Azoles toward Electrophilic Reagents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 7 (1999): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0716.

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Oxazolone (1) couples with aromatic diazonium salts to yield the arylhydrazones (3a-c). Compound 3 reacts with aniline to give aryl hydrazone (5). Compound 5 was also obtained via converting 1 into the imidazolone (4) and subsequent treatment of 4 with aromatic diazonium salts. Compounds 1 and 12 reacted with arylidenemalononitrile (6) to yield compounds 8 and 14 respectively. Also compounds 1, 12 condensed with an aromatic aldehydes to yield 11 and 17. Compounds 11, 17 reacted further with one molecule of malononitrile to give compounds 8 and 14, respectively. Compound 20 which was generated

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Derivatives from 4-(3, 5-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylazo)- benzoic acid." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 1 (2010): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.1.727-736.

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In this work pyrazolin derivatives were prepared from the diazonium chloride salt of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Azo compounds were prepared from the reaction of an ethanolic solution of sodium acetate and calculated amount of active methylene compound namely, acetyl acetone to obtain the corresponding hydrazono derivative (1). Cyclocondensation reaction of compounds (1) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine in boiling ethanol affording the corresponding pyrazoline-5-one derivatives of 4-aminobenzoic acid (2,3). Then compound (3) was reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid

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42

Du, Zhen Ni, Yong Cai Zhang, Zhi You Xu, and Ming Zhang. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hexagonal Phase Zn_1-XMn_xS (x = 0–0.05) Nanorods Using Single-Source Precursors." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.100.

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The synthesis of hexagonal phase Zn1-xMnxS (x = 0–0.05) nanorods was achieved by hydrothermal treatment of zinc manganese diethyldithiocarbamates (Zn1-xMnx-(DDTC)2, x=0–0.05) in 40 mass % hydrate hydrazine aqueous solution at 180 °C for 12 h. The structure, composition and optical property of the obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra.

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43

M., B. HOGALE, T. TARAPURE V., R. SHELAR A., and H. JAGDALE M. "Synthesis of some New Derivatives of 6-Chloro-4- (hydrazido)-3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-3(2H)-one." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Jun 1985 (1985): 471–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6319729.

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Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004 <em>Manuscript received 1 August 1984, revised 8 March 1985, accepted 30 April 1985</em> Sequential treatment of 6-chloro-3 4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-3(2<em>H</em>)-one (1) with ethyl chloroformate and hydrazine hydrate gives the title compound (3) that has been converted to oxadiazole (5) and imidazole (6), \(via\) the benzoyl derivative (4).  

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44

Cai, Ke Ying, Yu Sheng Liu, Ming Song, Ying Mei Zhou, Qing Liu, and Xiao Hui Wang. "Preparation of FeO(OH) Modified with Polyethylene Glycol and Its Catalytic Activity on the Reduction of Nitrobenzene with Hydrazine Hydrate." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 11, no. 3 (2016): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.576.363-368.

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<p>Iron oxyhydroxide was prepared by dropping ammonia water to Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.9H<sub>2</sub>O dispersed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser particle size analyzer. The results showed the catalyst modified with polyethylene glycol was amorphous. The addition of PEG during the preparation make the particle size of the catalyst was smaller and more uniform. The catalytic performance was tested in the reduction of nitroarenes to corr

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Bakhite, Etify A., Abdu E. Abdel-Rahman, and Elham A. Al-Taifi. "Fluorine-Containing Heterocycles: Part I. Synthesis of New 7-(2-thienyl)-9-Trifluoromethylpyrido[3′,2′:4,5]Thieno[3,2-d]Pyrimidines and Related Fused Tetracyclic Systems." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 3 (2005): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054213726.

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3-amino-6-(2-thienyl)-4-trifluoromethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (3) and 2-carbonitrile analogue 5 were prepared by reaction of 3-cyano-6-(2-thienyl)-4-trifluoromethylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (1) with chloroacetamide or chloroacetonitrile respectively. Heating compound 3 with triethyl orthoformate led to the formation of pyridothienopyrimidinone derivative 6. Reaction of 6 with phosphorus oxychloride produced 4-chloropyrimidine derivative 7 which underwent some nucleophilic displacements upon treatment with thiourea, piperidine, morpholine or hydrazine hydrate to give the target 4-subst

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46

Sadiq, Zainab Majid, and Ahlam Marouf Al-Azzawi. "Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity screening of new dimethyl maleimidyl heterocyclic derivatives based on 4-(N-dimethyl maleimidyl) phenyl hydrazide." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2025): 120–35. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i5.6806.

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The research involved the design and synthesis of a collection of innovative dimethyl maleimide heterocyclic derivatives through a multistep synthesis process. The synthesis of compound [1] ethyl-4-(N-dimethyl maleimidyl) benzoate was achieved through the reaction of dimethyl maleic anhydride with ethyl-4-amino benzoate. In the second stage, molecule [1] was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to provide compound [2] 4-(N-dimethyl maleimidyl)phenyl hydrazide. Compound [2] is the crucial precursor from which all objectives compounds were produced. In the third step, compound [2] was subjected to a c

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Jia, Zhao, and Yan Gong Yang. "Study on Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Modified by Hydrazine Hydrate." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.24.

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In this study, the flame-retardant PAN fiber with good moisture absorption, good mechanical properties and better thermal properties has been prepared by blending solution of sodium hydroxide and hydrazine hydrate. FTIR spectra presented that new amide and cyclization-crosslinked pyridine group band peaks appeared. X-ray diffraction showed that the the crystal structure of PAN fibers has been converted from quasicrystalline structure into partially crystallized structure after modification treatment. SEM micrographs indicated that the original longitudinal surface microgroove has changed to la

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Sarma, K. Narasimha, M. C. S. Subha, and K. Chowdoji Rao. "A Facial Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pyrazole Derivatives Carrying Indole." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/979401.

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The title compounds (7a-h) were prepared by esterification of indole-5-carboxylic acid (1) and subsequent treatment with hydrazine hydrate in methanolviathe hydrazide (3). Finally hydrazide (3) condensed with different substituted aldol (6) in acetic acid / PTSA catalytic media produced (3,5-subsituted-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)(1H-indol-5-yl)methanone (7a-h) in good yields. All the newly synthesized compounds are by elemental analysis and spectral studies and evaluated for antimicrobial activities.

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Suresh, Patil, D. Jadhav S., M. Patil B., and B. Deshmukh M. "Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some new N3-substituted derivatives of quinazolin-4(3H)-one." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Jan 2014 (2014): 113–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5623967.

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Padmabhushan Dr. Vasantraodada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Tasgaon-416 312, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra, India <em>E-mail</em> : sanyujapatil@yahoo.com Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, Maharashtra, India <em>Manuscript received online 31 December 2012, revised 15 February 2013, accepted 05 March 2013</em> 3-(2-Oxopropyl)quinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-one (1) when reacts with phenyl hydrazine, 2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine gave the corresponding hydrazones (<strong>2a,b</strong>). Also 1 on treatment with malononitrile forms intermediate dicyano compound 3 which again on reaction

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Mahmoud, M. R., A. A. Shalaby, T. A. Gad, and A. A. El-Khamry. "A facile synthesis and heteroannulation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and related heterocyclic systems." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 10 (2009): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x12523324765777.

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7-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine (1) was prepared and reacted with methyl iodide and ethyl chloroacetate to give the S-alkylated products 2 and 3, respectively. The reaction of 1 or 3 with hydrazine hydrate yielded the same 2-hydrazino derivative 4. Treatment of 4 with 2,4-pentanedione, 2-acetylcyclohexanone and ethyl acetoacetate afforded the corresponding pyrazolylpyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives (5–7), while phthalic anhydride gave the phthalazinyl compound 8. Ethoxymethylenemalononitrile with the hydrazine 4 formed the fused 1

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