Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ONCOGENESE'
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VALERY, CHARLES AMBROISE. "Oncogenese du medulloblastome de l'enfant : recherche des genes impliques dans la progression tumorale et determination de leur valeur pronostique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M026.
Full textFLUCKIGER, ANNE-CATHERINE. "Les neoplasies b matures : classification, anomalies chromosomiques et reponses aux cytokines." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR15009.
Full textLacave, Roger. "Etablissement et caracterisation fonctionnelle de lignees de cellules tubulaires proximales obtenues par oncogenese ciblee. Contribution a l'etude de la resistance pleiotropique aux drogues cytostatiques." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077048.
Full textGrigoriu, Bogdan. "ROLE D'ENDOCAN DANS LA CROISSANCE TUMORALE ET EFFETS DES ANTICORPS ANTI-ENDOCAN SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT TUMORAL." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407521.
Full textEndocan, une molécule de cet environnement tumoral, est un protéoglycane secrété spécifiquement par la cellule endothéliale et dont l'expression, à l'état normal, est limitée principalement à l'endothélium pulmonaire et rénal. Endocan, par son glycane, interagit avec les facteurs de croissance et stimule la prolifération des cellules épithéliales. Endocan pourrait également intervenir dans la régulation de la migration leucocytaire trans-endothéliale en modulant l'interaction des intégrines (comme par ex le LFA-1) avec leur ligand. Endocan est surexprimé dans un nombre important de localisations tumorales comme le poumon, le sein, le colon et le rein. Dans le cancer du poumon et du sein, endocan fait partie d'un cluster de gènes de mauvais pronostic, sa surexpression étant liée à une mortalité plus précoce ou à des métastases plus fréquentes.
Nous avons montré qu'endocan a un effet de promotion de la croissance tumorale et que cette fonction est dépendante de l'interaction de son glycane avec les facteurs de croissance du microenvironnement tumoral.
Dans les modèles expérimentaux de cancer chez la souris SCID, nous avons démontré que le blocage d'endocan par l'intermédiaire d'anticorps monoclonaux freine la croissance tumorale, est que ce freinage est associé à un recrutement de leucocytes intra-tumoraux.
Dans les cancers broncho-pulmonaires humains nous avons démontré qu'endocan est surexprimé de manière importante et que cette expression est corrélée, avec celle du VEGF. Les taux circulants d'endocan sont également corrélés avec le pronostic des malades, avec une survie plus courte pour les patients ayant des taux élevés d'endocan. De manière intéressante les taux d'endocan étaient corrélés avec la présence de métastases à distance et au niveau ganglionnaire mais pas avec la taille tumorale. Endocan pourrait représenter un marqueur pronostique les cancers bronchopulmonaires et être le reflet de la stimulation angiogénique tumorale.
Nous nous sommes également intéressés à une autre pathologie néoplasique pulmonaire qu'est le mésothéliome pleural et les métastases pleurales des carcinomes. Nous avons pu montrer que les taux sériques d'endocan sont aussi liés au pronostic dans les adénocarcinomes métastasés à la plèvre mais pas dans le mésothéliome pleural. Nous avons pu montrer que les peptides solubles dérivés de la mesotheline (SMRP) sont un bon marqueur diagnostique du mésothéliome pleural épithélioïde. L'ostéopontine (une molécule pléiotrope impliquée, entre autres, dans l'adhésion et la survie cellulaire), et qui a été proposée comme marqueur pour le diagnostic précoce du mésothéliome pleural malin n'a que peu d'utilité dans le diagnostic des pleurésies chez les patients exposés à l'amiante. Par contre les deux marqueurs sont des facteurs indépendants de pronostic pour les mésothéliomes pleuraux.
Delisle, Lucille. "Role of the mutated ALK oncogene in neuroblastoma oncogenesis and in development." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T036.
Full textNeuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor arising from the sympathetic nervous system. Activating mutations of the ALK gene have been observed in around 8 % of sporadic neuroblastoma as well as in familial cases. The ALK gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor of the insulin receptor super-family. It is mainly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. The ALK receptor represents a therapeutic target in this cancer. De novo ALK mutations have also been reported in a syndrome associating congenital NB and severe encephalopathy with abnormal shape of the brainstem, suggesting a developmental role for the ALK gene in addition to its implication in oncogenesis.In this context, my PhD project was to determine the role of the mutated ALK receptor in NB oncogenesis and in development, mainly with original mouse models obtained in the laboratory. I extensively characterized two knock-in (KI) Alk mouse lines with the two mutations that are most frequently observed in NB: F1174L and R1275Q in human and F1178L and R1279Q in mouse.A detailed analysis of these two mouse lines showed that the KI AlkR179Q heterozygous and homozygous mice as well as the KI AlkF1178L heterozygous mice do not show striking clinical signs. On the contrary, we documented a high postnatal lethality for KI AlkF1178L homozygous mice and showed that these pups presented with a dramatic reduced milk intake. Thus, the KI AlkF1178L homozygous mice partially phenocopy the human patients with encephalopathy. The difference of phenotype between the heterozygous and the homozygous KI AlkF1178L mice highly suggest a threshold of activity of the Alk receptor compatible with survival.We then explored the role of the mutated ALK receptor in the sympathetic nervous system of the KI Alkmut mice. This analysis showed that the activation of the receptor induces an excess of proliferation in sympathetic neurons from E14.5 to birth. However, we could not observe NB in these animals. We next bread these mice with the transgenic TH-MYCN line. We documented cooperation between Alk mutations and the MYCN oncogene to induce NB. Comparison of transcriptomic profiles of MYCN vs MYCN/Alkmut tumors revealed that the expression of the Ret oncogene (encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor) was strongly induced by the activation of the Alk receptor. Besides, the induction of the expression of the RET gene by the mutated ALK receptor in NB was confirmed in human cell lines and tumors.In order to determine the mechanism by which the activation of the ALK receptor regulates RET gene expression, experiments were done on human NB cell lines in which the ALK receptor can be activated or inactivated. This work showed that RET gene expression is dependent of the ALK-ERK-ETV5 axis. Indeed, the modulation of the ALK receptor activity affects gene expression of ETV5 and RET. This effect is dependent of the activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Besides, ETV5 increases RET gene expression. In order to confirm the role of the Ret receptor in oncogenesis driven by the mutated Alk receptor, we bread mice bearing an activating mutation of the Ret gene with the TH-MYCN mice. We showed that the activated Ret receptor cooperates with the MYCN oncogene in tumor formation and that these tumors are NB presenting with characteristics very close to MYCN/Alkmut tumors. Thus, the Ret gene appears to be an essential target of the mutated Alk receptor in NB oncogenesis
Cottin, Vincent. "Signalisation intracellulaire par le récepteur CD120a pour le TNFα : rôle de la phosphorylation du domaine intracellulaire de CD120a dans la régulation des effets biologiques cellulaires du TNFα." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T026.
Full textMorcrette, Guillaume. "GEPELIN : genomics of pediatric liver neoplasms APC germline hepatoblastomas demonstrate cisplatin induced intratumor tertiary lymphoid structures and good prognosis Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma associates with risk factors, bleeding, and malignant transformation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB225.
Full textPham-Ledard, Anne Liên. "Oncogénèse des lymphomes cutanés B." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0319/document.
Full textCutaneous B-cell lymphomas are represented by indolent B-cell lymphomas (follicle center and marginal zone), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type which is characterized by an aggressive behavior. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma usually do not harbor the t(14;18) translocation, which is characteristic of nodal follicular lymphoma and conduct to BCL2 overexpression. However, it can be observed by FISH in 8.7% of cutaneous cases and seems to be associated with extra-cutaneous disease. In contrast, primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type shows common genetic alterations with its nodal counterpart diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, suggestive of common oncogenesis pathways, with distinct frequencies and repartition ofmutations. Especially, the MYD88L265P mutation that encodes an important adaptator protein of the Toll-like receptor pathway, activating NFκB, is very frequent (69% of cases) and associated with a shorter specific survival. Moreover, contrary to indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, tumour cells often harbor multiple genetic alterations such as translocations and deletions. The analysis of the immunoglobulin genes sequences led us to suppose that the cell of origin could be a post germinal-center mature B-cell. Highly mutated sequences are the reflection of the germinal center passage, but IgM expression suggests a terminal differentiation blockage, notably with a class switch recombination defect
Tisserand, Julie. "Mise en évidence d'un rôle suppresseur de tumeur pour la protéine tyrosine-kinase FES dans le mélanome." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5035.
Full textAmong skin cancers, melanoma is the most aggressive and has the worst prognosis. In the last years, new therapeutic tools have been developed but responses differ between patients and are often transient due to resistance mechanisms. This highlights the need to improve understanding of molecular mechanisms of the disease. During my thesis, I have shown for the first time that FES tyrosine kinase is expressed in normal melanocytes, and that its expression is lost at the protein and RNA levels in most melanoma cell lines. The same result is observed in a panel of 12 patients’ short-term cultures. The lack of expression is due to FES promoter hyper-methylation and can be reverted using a hypomethylating agent. By restoring FES expression in two melanoma cell lines, I observe a decrease of oncogenic properties of the cells. Moreover, the analysis of the TCGA data on melanoma indicate that FES expression is strongly decreased or lost in about 40% of patients, and that this loss of expression is correlated with FES promoter methylation. Importantly, patients with low level of FES mRNA have poor prognosis compared to FES expressing patients. Finally, Fes knock-out mice crossed with an inducible melanoma mouse model indicate that tumors proliferation and size are more important under a Fes KO background.In conclusion, by using melanoma cells in vitro, data from melanoma patients and mouse models, I have demonstrated that FES is expressed in normal melanocytes and clearly plays a tumor suppressor role.in melanoma
Bettoun, Audrey. "The NDR1 Kinase, a New Player in Oncogenic Signalling of Ral GTPases, Functions as a Linchpin Between Cancer Cell Survival and Death." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T047.
Full textConstitutive Ras signalling is one of the most frequent oncogenic event in human cancers. Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic options targeting downstream effectors of Ras signalling. Ras-like GTPases RalA and RalB are proximal effectors of oncogenic Ras. RalA was reported to support anchorage independent proliferation and RalB regulates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis of cancer cells. Ral proteins execute these functions via several direct effectors as the exocyst, an octameric complex originally identified as regulator of vesicles trafficking. The global goal of this PhD was to better decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of Ral GTPases in oncogenesis.To extend the Ral interactome, i.e. the protein-protein interaction network centered on Ral, we performed yeast-two hybrid screenings which led to the identification of the NDR1 kinase, belonging to the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway. NDR1 functions in oncogenesis were investigated in the context of three projects.In Project 1, we showed that NDR1-dependent apoptosis is regulated by a RalA/Exocyst/MAP4K4/NDR1 cascade. We reported that under osmotic or oxidative stresses or TNF-α treatment, the Ste20-like MAP4K4 kinase, an effector of RalA via the exocyst complex, directly activates NDR1. Moreover, we found that TNF-α treatment or overexpression of the tumor suppressor RASSF1A, which belongs to the Hippo pathway, leads to apoptosis through this RalA/Exocyst/MAP4K4/NDR1 pathway. This novel and unexpected pro-apoptotic role of RalA suggests that the RalA GTPase can positively signal in tumor suppressor pathways via the kinase NDR1, in addition to its proto-oncogenic role downstream of Ras. In Project 2, we described the NDR1 protein kinase as a conserved regulator of autophagy. Using NDR1 as bait in yeast two hybrid screens, we fished Beclin1, a key regulator of autophagy, and we validated the existence of a direct biochemical NDR1-Beclin1 interaction. We showed that NDR1promotes autophagosome formation in human cells and Drosophila larvae. Furthermore, we observed that NDR1 supports the interaction of the exocyst component Exo84 with Beclin1 and RalB, which is required to initiate autophagosome formation. Very interestingly, under prolonged autophagy, RalB depletion triggers hyperactivation of NDR1 resulting in NDR1-dependent apoptosis. Thus, it appears that the NDR1 kinase could act as a switch between autophagy (=survival) or apoptosis (=death), under the control of RalB. In Project 3, we addressed the role of the newly identified RalGTPases-NDR1axis in Ras - induced oncogenesis and tumorigenesis
Allen, Thaddeus David. "Interaction of the HOX11 oncogene with members of the PBX homeodomain protein subfamily, implications for HOX11 induced oncogenesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0009/MQ40780.pdf.
Full textCordonnier, Gaëlle. "Rôle de l’oncoprotéine CBFβ-SMMHC dans la régulation génétique et épigénétique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB060.
Full textHaematopoiesis is a complex process allowing the production of all mature blood cells from stem cells. This process is highly regulated at the transcriptional level, and perturbation of normal transcriptional regulation may cause leukaemia. One of the major actors of this regulation is the Core Binding factor (CBF) complex, which is frequently subject to genetic alteration in leukaemia. This transcription factor consists of a constant CBFβ subunit and a variable RUNX subunit, usually RUNX1 in haematopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukemia 4 with eosinophilic component (AMLM4 Eo), the CBFβ gene is fused to the MYH11 gene, leading to the formation of a chimeric gene encoding the CBFβ–SMMHC oncoprotein. This altered version of the CBF complex sequesters RUNX1 into the cytoplasm, and deregulates wild type CBF target gene expression though diverse mechanisms. While CBFβ–SMMHC can inhibit gene expression by recruiting transcriptional inhibitors, it has also recently been described to bind and activate certain gene promoters. The mechanisms by which these deregulations lead to an alteration of the differentiation and/or an apoptosis of diverse hematopoietic progenitors is best characterised in murine models. In humans, the oncogenic processes by which CBFβ–SMMHC alters differentiation and induces leukaemogenesis remain unclear. Using two human cellular models, namely (i) an ME-1 cell line containing an inducible shRNA directed against the CBFβ- MYH11 fusion transcript and (ii) Patient-derived AML M4Eo murine xenografts, we describe two novel activities of CBFβ–SMMHC. Firstly, we discovered that the oncoprotein has complex effects on ribosome biogenesis at both the genomic and post-transcriptomic levels. We found that CBFβ–SMMHC binds ribosomal gene promoters and activates their transcription, which was corroborated by the observation of higher ribosomal gene expression in human AML M4Eo, compared with other AML subgroups. In the ME-1 cell line this transcriptional activation did not lead to the higher cellular ribosome content, which was explained in part by decreased efficiency of ribosomal RNA maturation in the presence of the oncoprotein. Secondly, we found that CBFβ–SMMHC interacts directly with RING1B and BMI1 protein subunit of the Polycomb gene repression complex PRC1. Depletion of CBFβ–SMMHC lead to increased global binding of RING1B to the genome, resulting in deregulation of numerous genes that are critical for normal haematopoietic differentiation. We have therefore highlighted two new oncogenic mechanisms mediated by the CBFβ–SMMHC oncoprotein, therefore opening new avenues to investigate potential therapeutic targets
Murcia, Rosero Lada. "Selective killing of Ras-malignant tisues by exploiting oncogene-induced DNA damage = Eliminación selectiva de tejidos malignos dependientes de RAS mediante la explotación del daño en el ADN inducido por oncogenes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668212.
Full textLa mayoría de tumores sólidos presentan signos de inestabilidad genómica. Se ha propuesto que la activación de oncogenes puede generar inestabilidad genómica mediante la inducción de estrés replicativo. En esta tesis hemos demostrado que la expresión de una forma constitutivamente activa del oncogén RAS en células epiteliales de Drosophila promueve una aceleración de la transición entre las fases G1 y S del ciclo celular. Esto lleva a una inducción de estrés replicativo y deriva en inestabilidad genómica. El daño en el ADN resultante de este proceso debería de activar la respuesta al daño en el ADN, sin embargo, esta se encuentra bloqueada. Además, la expresión de RasV12 inhibe la muerte celular gracias a los altos niveles de activación de ERK. Ras es uno de los oncogenes más comúnmente mutados, sin embargo seguimos sin terapias para tratar tumores dependientes de Ras que sean seguras y efectivas. Con esto en mente, y basándonos en nuestros resultados anteriores, decidimos tratar de explotar en daño en el ADN presente en estas células para destruirlas de forma selectiva. A estos efectos, indujimos más daño mediante irradiación e inhibimos la expresión ERK para promover la muerte de estas células. Usamos esta estrategia tanto en tumores benignos como malignos y en ambos casos logramos destruir de forma selectiva las células tumorales. Proponemos que los inhibidores de MEK, que se usan para el tratamiento de melanomas metastáticos, podrían combinarse con radiación para mejorar los efectos terapéuticos. A parte de los efectos autónomos descritos con anterioridad, también hemos observado que la expresión de RasV12 induce un fenotipo no autónomo. Las células normales adyacentes a las células Ras presentan signos de daño en el ADN, apoptosis y autofagia. El papel de estos efectos no autónomos no está claro, hipotetizamos que podrían jugar un papel en sustentar metabólicamente el crecimiento del tumor.
SCHAFFHAUSER, CHRISTOPHE. "Les oncogenes viraux." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10692.
Full textDutenhefner, Simone Elisa. "Pesquisa da mutação T1799A do gene BRAF e a presença de metástases linfáticas no carcinoma papilífero da tireoide." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-24012012-163817/.
Full textBackground: Many patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) have subclinical node disease at the time of surgery. The BRAF T17799A (V600E) mutation is a common event in PTC and some studies have demonstrated a correlation between the mutation and aggressive characteristics including lymph node metastasis. Prophylactic Central Node Dissection (CND) is gaining acceptance in the treatment of PTC as studies have shown nodal disease increases local recurrence and may alter mortality. Given the potential complications of CND, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation among BRAF mutation, lymph node metastasis and clinical and histopathological factors of worse prognosis. Methods: A total of 51 consecutive cases of patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy and routine prophylactic (CND) or therapeutic neck dissection when metastases were found. All patients were tested for the BRAF mutation. Results: Overall, positive lymph nodes were found in Fifty four per cent9% of patients. Six patients had lateral metastases confirmed by fine needle aspirative cytology and 22 patients (43%) had occult metastases. The BRAF mutation was found in 15 patients (29.4%). BRAF was not correlated with sex, age, size of tumor, multifocality, extrathyroid extension or lymph node metastases. Lymph node metastases were correlated with multifocality (p = 0.005) and angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.003) in univariate. Conclusions: The BRAF mutation was not correlated with lymph node metastases in our study. Multifocality and angiolymphatic invasion were important factors for predicting lymph node metastases
Bellmunt, i. Tarragó Anna. "Role of MAF in bone metastasis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482079.
Full textLa identificació de gens implicats en el procés de la metàstasis és bàsica per tal d’entendre el mecanisme d’aquest procés, per reconèixer els pacients amb més risc de patir-lo i tractar-los selectivament i finalment pel desenvolupament de nous fàrmacs. Recentment, s’ha identificat el gen MAF com a predictor d’un alt risc de patir metàstasis òssia en pacients de càncer de mama. En aquesta tesi hem determinat el paper de MAF en diferents contexts. Per una banda, hem demostrat que MAF és un marcador predictiu de les metàstasis òssies també en pacients amb càncer de pròstata. Tot i així, una sobreexpressió de MAF en cèl·lules de càncer de pròstata andrògen-independents no va ser suficient per conduir la colonització a l’òs. Per altra banda, hem demostrat que reduir els nivells de MAF en les cèl·lules BoM2, derivades de les cèl·lules de càncer de mama MCF7, redueix la tendència d’aquestes cèl·lules a metastatitzar a l’òs. Cal destacar que aquest efecte és superior al d’altres tractaments com poden ser OPG recombinant o el pèptid antagonista de PTHrP, indicant MAF com a element potencial per a la generació de nous fàrmacs. Finalment, MAF afecta el patró de metàstasis de les cèl·lules ER- de càncer de mama després del tractament preventiu amb àcid Zoledronic, tal com s’observa en pacients. Per abordar el paper de MAF en el càncer de mama tenint en compte les interaccions amb l’estroma i el sistema immunitari, es va dissenyar un model animal transgènic que sobreexpressava MAF en la glàndula mamària de forma induïble. Es va demostrar la incorporació de vàries còpies del transgen en el ADN genòmic i també es va detectar, per senyal bioluminiscent, la inducció per doxiciclina de l’expressió del transgen. Cal destacar que l’expressió era feble i en molts casos inespecífica i independent al tractament amb doxiciclina. El desenvolupament mamari en aquest model no demostrava cap alteració com tampoc es va detectar cap indici de formació de tumor. Aquest model es va creuar amb MMTV-PyMT, i els tumors de les femelles doble transgèniques (PyMT-MAF) no van presentar cap diferència en el temps necessari per a la formació de tumors ni en la velocitat de creixement comparat amb PyMT. De manera destacable, no es van observar metàstasis òssies en el moment del sacrifici. D’aquesta manera, la generació del ratolí MAF transgènic ens va donar noves perspectives per enfocar la generació d’un nou model animal que generi metàstasis òssies.
Dix, Flora Lucy. "Ceramide synthase 4 : a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29624.
Full textDarmusey, Lucie. "Caractérisation d'axes drivers de l'oncogenèse des léiomyosarcomes : validations fonctionnelles et cibles thérapeutiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30155.
Full textGenomically complex sarcomas and more specifically leiomyosarcomas (LMS), which have a smooth muscle differentiation, are rare and aggressive tumors whose oncogenesis is still misunderstood. In order to comprehend this oncogenesis, an integration of multiple OMICS with clinical data of a cohort of 120 LMS was performed. This allowed to split LMSs into 2 groups clinically distinct: hLMS and oLMS. In this last group as well as in uterine LMS one of the most altered gene is ATRX. By studying the impacts of this alteration in mice models, I show that it leads to a higher growth rate and an escape to the immune system. In contrast to oLMSs, hLMSs have homogenous transcriptomes, they are more aggressive, are in the truck or the retroperitoneum, have histone marks of smooth muscles and express genes regulated by specific transcription factors of smooth muscle cell as SRF. Furthermore, hLMSs have specific alterations such as MYOCD overexpression, the co-factor of SRF into smooth muscle, and the loss of PTEN, able to restrict SRF fixation to its target genes of smooth muscle differentiation. Then, I could demonstrate that the inhibition of SRF/MYOCD interaction kills by apoptosis hLMS cells more than oLMS ones demonstrating that the activation of this axe is necessary to hLMS survival, making it an encouraging therapeutic target. To better understand how the pathological activation of this complex is leading the oncogenesis and how this cells become dependents of it, I developed a ChIPseq analysis to study, in the context of LMS, the targets of SRF/MYOCD fixation which analysis is ongoing. Together those works bring new therapeutic paths which preclinical studies must now continue in vivo
Delaval, Bénédicte. "Anomalies du centrosome et oncogenèse." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22048.pdf.
Full textPandey, Vijay. "Secreted oncogenes in endometrial carcinoma." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8195.
Full textMarquette, Amélie. "Signalisation et oncogenèse dans le mélanome." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0079.
Full textMelanoma, the most aggressive skin tumor, has become a major public health problem in many countries. Diagnosed early, it can be treated by surgical excision, but the prognosis for advanced melanoma is very poor because the tumor is resistant to all therapies used today. In order to develop new therapies to treat this tumor, we study the signaling pathways that play a major role in the proliferation, survival and differentiation of melanocytes and melanoma. These are the MAPK, PI3K pathway and the cyclic AMP (cAMP). We first demonstrated that some phosphodiesterases (PDEs; physiological inhibitors of cAMP pathway) are overexpressed in melanoma lines and thus inhibit the differentiation of these cells. Overexpression of PDEs is necessary for melanocyte transformation by oncogenic Ras when the reactivation of the cAMP pathway in melanoma lines inhibits their proliferation. These data suggest a therapeutic strategy that would aim to stimulate the differentiation of melanoma by reactivating the cAMP pathway could help to inhibit their proliferation. We have also shown that the protein kinase B-Raf, which is frequently mutated in melanoma, however, was inactivated in melanomas containing a mutation of Ras. We demonstrated that this inhibition was due to a downregulation of B-Raf by Erk substrate. Indeed, Erk phosphorylates B-Raf on its amino-terminal to prevent its interaction with Ras. This negative regulatory mechanism of B-Raf melanoma is forcing these lines to use isoform C-Raf. This work has implications for the treatment of melanoma. Indeed, if B-Raf is not used for the activation of MAPK in N-Ras mutated melanoma, the B-Raf inhibitors in clinical development will be ineffective in these cancers. We also demonstrated that a kinase inhibitor of B-Raf and C-Raf, which is in clinical development (Sorafenib), induces the activation of these kinases by heterodimerization in regulating their phosphorylation. These results reveal new mechanisms of regulation of proto-oncogene B-Raf and C-Raf, which could play an important role in the resistance of melanoma to Raf inhibitors, which are currently in clinical development
Kermi, Chames. "Interaction fontionnelle entre le système de tolérance des lésions et le checkpoint des dommages à l'ADN : conséquences sur la stabilité du génome et l'oncogenèse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3520/document.
Full textOur genome is continuously exposed to DNA damaging agents. In order to preserve the integrity of their genome, cells have evolved a DNA damage signalling pathway known as checkpoint. Some lesions may persist when cells enter the S-phase and halt the progression of replicative DNA polymerases. This can cause prolonged replication forks stalling which threaten the stability of the genome. To preserve the integrity of genetic information, cells have developed a tolerance pathway which involves specialized DNA polymerases, called translesion DNA polymerases (TLS Pols). These polymerases have the unique ability to accommodate the damaged bases thanks to their catalytic site. In this process, PCNA acts as a scaffold for many proteins involved in DNA metabolism. The mechanisms governing the exchanges between different PCNA partners are not well understood. Among the proteins that interact with PCNA, CDT1, p21 and PR-Set7/set8 are characterized by a high binding affinity. These proteins have a particular interaction domain with PCNA, called "PIP degron", which promotes their proteasomal degradation via the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2. After UV-C irradiation, the replication initiation factor CDT1 is rapidly degraded in a PIP degron-dependent manner. During the first part of my work, we wanted to understand the functional role of this degradation. Our results have shown that inhibition of CDT1 degradation by CRL4Cdt2 in mammalian cells, compromises the relocalisation of TLS Pol eta and Pol kappato nuclear foci after UV-C irradiation. We also found that only the proteins which contain a PIP degron interfere with the formation of Pol eta foci. Mutagenesis experiments on CDT1 PIP degron revealed that a threonine residue conserved among PIP degrons is essential for inhibiting foci formation of at least two TLS polymerases. This results suggest that CRL4Cdt2-dependent degradation of proteins containing PIP degrons regulates the recruitment of TLS polymerases at sites of UV-induced DNA damage.During the second part of my thesis, we studied DNA damage checkpoint regulation during embryogenesis. Indeed, in early embryos, the DNA damage checkpoint is silent until the mid-blastula transition (MBT) due to maternal inhibiting factors. In this work, we have shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18, a major regulator of translesion DNA synthesis, is a limiting factor for the checkpoint activation in Xenopus embryos. We have also shown that RAD18 depletion leads to the activation of DNA damage checkpoints by inducing replication fork uncoupling in front of the lesions. Furthermore, we showed that the abundance of RAD18 and PCNA monoubiquitination (PCNAmUb) is regulated during embryonic development. Near the MBT, the increased abundance of DNA limits the availability of RAD18, thereby reducing the amount of PCNAmUb and inducing the de-repression of the checkpoint. Moreover, we have shown that this embryonic-like regulation can be reactivated in somatic mammalian cells by ectopic expression of RAD18, conferring resistance to DNA damaging. Finally, we found high RAD18 levels in glioblastoma cancer stem cells highly resistant to DNA damage. All together, these data propose RAD18 as a critical factor that inhibits DNA damage checkpoint in early embryos and suggests that dysregulation of RAD18 expression may have an unexpected oncogenic potential
Suffert, Guillaume. "Régulation de l'apoptose par les microARN du virus associé au sarcome de Kaposi." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ077/document.
Full textKaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a cluster of twelve micro (mi)RNA precursors, which are abundantly expressed during both latent and lytic infection. Previous studies reported that KSHV is able to inhibit apoptosis; we thus tested the involvement of viral miRNAs in this process. We found that both HEK293 epithelial cells and DG-75 cells stably expressing KSHV miRNAs were protected from apoptosis. Potential cellular targets that were significantly down-regulated upon KSHV miRNAs expression were identified by microarray profiling. Among them, we validated by luciferase reporter assays, quantitative PCR and western blotting Caspase 3 (CASP3), a critical factor for the control of apoptosis. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that three KSHV miRNAs, miR-K12-1, 3 and 4-3p, were responsible for the targeting of CASP3. Specific inhibition of these miRNAs in KSHV infected cells resulted in increased expression levels of endogenous CASP3 and enhanced apoptosis. Altogether, our results suggest that KSHV miRNAs directly participate to the previously reported inhibition of apoptosis by the virus, and are thus likely to play a role in KSHV-induced oncogenesis
Merle, Candice. "La fusion cellulaire, un mécanisme oncogène à l'origine des sarcomes pléomorphes ?" Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30113.
Full textPleomorphic sarcomas are characterized by several chromosomic rearrangements and a complex genome with few recurrent alterations identified. Most studies have looked at the consequences of those alterations on the cell and the patient, however their origin remains largely unknown. Cell fusion between two cancer cells is a mechanism described as the origin of aneuploidy and chromosomal instability. This process is mainly involved during fecundation, formation of muscle fibers and osteoclasts and tissue regeneration. Cell fusion, hijacked by oncogenesis, drives to metastatic dissemination and drug resistance. That is why we hypothesize this mechanism could be the origin of genomic complexity of pleomorphic sarcomas and induces the development and progression of those tumors. The results obtained during my thesis show, first of all, cellular fusion allows merging of oncogenes present in two different cells, which initiates tumor development. Hybrid tumors harbor many genomic rearrangements, with chromosome losses and gains comparable to those find in human sarcomas. We also demonstrate that this mechanism leads to tumor progression after the fusion of an immortalized fibroblast and a transformed fibroblast. Finally, uncontrolled cell fusion of two immortalized myoblasts drives pleomorphic sarcoma development, with DMD deletion, also found in human myogenic sarcoma. This deletion only affects the largest isoforms of dystrophin, setting off the relocation of the smallest one in the nucleus. All of my thesis results allow me to propose a model where pleomorphic sarcoma oncogenesis is initiated by an uncontrolled cell fusion process, leading to genomic alterations, specific of cell origin and modeled by selective pressure waves which are controlled by the cell environment. This oncogenic process leads to the development of tumors and metastatic progression of pleomorphic sarcomas
MacLeod, A. Robert (Robert Alan) 1966. "DNA methylation and oncogenesis." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39956.
Full textChetty, Runjan. "Oncogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308789.
Full textRebours, Vinciane. "Inflammation et oncogenèse pancréatique : physiologie et physiopathologie." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077254.
Full textChronic pancreatitis is a well described risk factor of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The link between chronic inflammation and oncogenesis is partially known. However, the role of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) and hypoxia seems to be the key in the pathophysiological process. Their activation following pancreatic injury results in extracellular matrix remodeling and changes in cell/cell and epithelial cell/stroma relationship. It also regulates the expression of cytokines and growth factors and promotes fibrosis, cell proliferation and migration and tumor invasion. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the detection of precancerous lesions (Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and Intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasrns (IPMN)), is made difficult by the pancreatic architectural modifications. Despite advances in knowledge of the genome to proteome of these lesions, tools do not allow effective screening in patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer. We proposed three approaches in order to assess the relationship between pancreatic inflammation and oncogenesis. Firstly, we assessed the prevalence of precancerous lesions (PanIN) in long standing pancreatic inflammation (hereditary pancreatitis) and found frequent early and severe PanIN lesions in the course of hereditary pancreatitis. Secondly, we developed a model of culture of thick sections of human normal pancreas and assessed an early activation of pancreatic stellate cells in hypoxic conditions. Finally, we identified specific biomarkers of high grade of dysplasia in precancerous lésions (IPMN) by mass spectrometry imagery. Identifications (Ubiquitin and Thymosin-p4) were validated on IPMN EUS FNA samples
Lemaire, Julie. "MicroARN : biomarqueurs et cibles thérapeutiques en oncogenèse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIL2S006.
Full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate geneexpression. They are involved in many essential cellular and molecular processes such as celldeath or differentiation. In addition, their deregulation plays an important role in thetumorigenesis. Indeed, many miRNAs have been described as oncogenes or tumor suppressorgenes. In this context, this thesis work focused on the potential role played by miRNAs inkidney and lung cancers. Indeed, a first part consisted in identifying miRNAs differentially expressed in proximal renal tubular cells in response to cadmium exposure, an environmental compound with carcinogenic properties. This data suggests that some of these miRNAs could be of interest as biomarkers of cadmium exposure.In the second part of this thesis, we evaluated the tumorigenic properties of miR-92a-3p innon-small cell lung cancers. Our in vitro data suggests that targeting miR-92a-3p by antisense oligonucleotides could represent a relevant anticancer therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, amouse model of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (CCSP-Cre-LSL-KrasG12D model) has been developed to test the pharmacological effect of this therapeutic strategy.Overall, this work highlights the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the field of cancer
Moreau-Gachelin, Françoise. "Le processus de la transformation maligne au cours de la leucemie erythroblastique de friend." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077038.
Full textScully, Jaqueline Susan. "Insertion of oncogenes into mouse mammary epithelium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315287.
Full textWilliams, Alistair Robert William. "Expression of oncogenes in human colorectal neoplasms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19415.
Full textImler, Jean-Luc. "Identification d'une cible transcriptionnelle pour les oncogenes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13193.
Full textGerlinger, Emmanuel. "Proto-oncogenes et developpement embryonnaire : etude bibliographique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M202.
Full textJaggi, Rolf. "Interaction of oncogenes with the glucocorticoid receptor /." Bern, 1989. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textKemble, David J. "A biochemical study on the regulation of the SRC and FGFR family of protein tyrosine kinases /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3367994.
Full textJenkins, Brendan John. "Activating point mutations in the common ?gb?s[beta]-subunit of the human GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 receptors : implications for receptor function and role in disease / by Brendan John Jenkins." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj518.pdf.
Full textAvran, David. "Oncogenèse et modélisation des leucémies aigues lymphoblastiques T." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077254.
Full textT-celé acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are malignancies derived from lymphoid thymic precursors arrested in their differentiation. We focused on the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (del6q), the most common caryotypic abnormality in T-ALL, which target(s) are, to date, not known. By using both a whole set of integrative genomics and functional approaches, we identified the role of the combined haploinsufficiency of two contiguous genes at 6q14 (by mimicking in vivo an interstitial microdeletion we identified), namely SYNCRIP (encoding hnRNP-Q) and SNHG5 (a non-protein-coding gene that hosts snoRNAs), involved in mRNA maturation and protein translation. These genes are included in the common deleted region in a subtype of T-ALLs characterized by aberrant expression of the TAL1 transcription factor oncogene. In vivo knockdown models using Talr9/Lmolt9/Notch1-ICNtransduced mouse cells, and xenograft of patient's SIL-TAL, not 6q deleted leukemic cells, showed that the combined silencing of both genes was associated to a gain of malignancy. In a parallel work, we identified in T-ALL, recurrent aberrations of a gene usually involved in myeloid malignancies, TET2. Using microarray-based CGH to screen a cohort of T-ALL, we found a focal heterozygous deletion of this gene in one case belonging to the TAL-related oncogenic sub¬group. Moreover, we found mutations in cases belonging to other oncogenic sub-groups. This genetic study reveals that TET2 can play a role in T leukemogenesis, highlighting the ubiquitous nature of epigenetic alterations linked to TET2
Patel, Anisha Anilkumar. "Mechanisms of EPS8-mediated oncogenesis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1148.
Full textPark, Sungman. "AKT function and human oncogenesis." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001885.
Full textQuattrochi, Brian J. "Subtle Controllers: MicroRNAs Drive Pancreatic Tumorigenesis and Progression: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/776.
Full textQuattrochi, Brian J. "Subtle Controllers: MicroRNAs Drive Pancreatic Tumorigenesis and Progression: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/776.
Full textMarkovic, Jasna. "\"Expressão gênica do fator de indução de proteólise (PIF) e de sua forma variante (PIF-SV) em células normais e malignas\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-05052004-105431/.
Full textProteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) is a 24 kDa glycoprotein identified in plasma of cancer patients and responsible for muscle catabolism associated with the process of cancer cachexia. The present study has investigated, using the RT-PCR, RACE-PCR and Real-time PCR techniques, the presence of PIF messages in different cell types derived from normal and tumor tissues. The PIF mRNA expression was examined in 37 tumor and 4 normal tissue samples and detected in 7 of 20 breast tumor cell lines, one colon tumor cell line and in normal breast, placenta and testis tissues. The differential expression of PIF message in metastatic breast cell lines was confirmed by the Real-time PCR technique. A new splicing form of the message, containing one new exon of 64bp, inserted between the exons 4 and 5, was identified in normal breast tissue. This splicing form of PIF is expressed concomitantly with a main form of PIF in breast tumor cell lines and also in normal breast and placenta tissue. These data suggest that PIF exhibits physiological functions in normal tissues. An over-expression and a production of a new splicing form (PIF-SV), seem to contribute in some event leading normal cell to a malignant phenotype.
Collins-De, Peyer Laurence. "Screening of a rat thymus and a human hippocampus cDNA library for a novel fyn-related oncogene." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21253870.
Full textBartel, Courtney A. "Novel Roles for FAM83 Oncogenes in Breast Cancer." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512682785418426.
Full textChen, Leilei. "Identification and characterization of CHD1L in hepatocellular carcinoma." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44139810.
Full textMcCarthy, E. C. "Analysis of the subcellular and tissue-specific expression of the tumoursuppressor protein PTEN in Drosophila : regulation and function." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270708.
Full textFoster, Keith. "Molecular genetic analysis of non-familial renal cell carcinoma." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289811.
Full textMorland, Sarah J. "A molecular genetic analysis of endometriosis and the association with ovarian cancer." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323802.
Full textMcKibbon, Valerie Lynn. "Dopaminergic and glutamatergic mechanisms influence immediate-early gene expression in rodent brain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283934.
Full textXu, Zhi. "Yes associated protein (YAP) in hepatocellular carcinoma oncogenic functions and molecular targeting /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278589.
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