Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Onde de Rossby'
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Ben, Jelloul Mahdi. "Tourbillons et fronts dans l'océan et l'atmosphère : dynamique, stabilité et interactions avec les ondes d'inertie-gravité." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066016.
Full textVergara, Oscar. "Ventilation de la circulation océanique dans le Pacifique sud-est par les ondes de Rossby et l'activité méso-échelle : téléconnexions d'ENSO." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30356/document.
Full textThe oceanic circulation in the subthermocline of the South Eastern Pacific remains poorly documented although this region is thought to play a key role in the climate variability owed to, in particular, the presence of an extended oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that intervenes in the carbon and nitrogen cycle. The subthermocline in this region is also largely unmonitored and historical estimates of ocean heat content are mostly limited to the upper 500 m. In this thesis we document various oceanic processes at work in the subthermocline based on a regional modeling approach that is designed to take in account the efficient oceanic teleconnection from the equatorial region to the mid-latitudes, in particular at ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) timescales. The focus is on two aspects: (1) the seasonality of the turbulent flow and its role in modulating the OMZ volume off Peru, and (2) the planetary wave fluxes associated with interannual to decadal timescales. It is first shown that the vertical energy flux at interannual timescales can be interpreted as resulting from the vertical propagation of extra-tropical Rossby waves remotely forced from the equatorial region. This flux primarily results from extreme Eastern Pacific El Niño events, despite that a significant fraction of interannual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific is also associated with Central Pacific El Niño events and La Niña events. Vertically propagating energy flux at decadal timescales is also evidenced in the model, which, like for the interannual flux, is marginally impacted by mesoscale activity. On the other hand, the wave energy beams experience a marked dissipation in the deep-ocean ( 2000 m) which is interpreted as resulting from vertical diffusivity. While the oxygen field within the OMZ appears to be influenced by the vertical propagation of isopycnals height anomalies, induced by the seasonal Rossby waves, the seasonality of the OMZ is shown to be dominantly associated with the seasonal change in the eddy flux at its boundaries. Implications of the results for the study of both the low-frequency variability of the OMZ and the Earth's energy budget are discussed
Gula, Jonathan. "Instabilités agéostrophiques des écoulements baroclines dans l'amosphère et dans l'océan et leur évoluton non-linéaire." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443696.
Full textVautard, Robert. "Les echelles de temps de la circulation atmospherique : couplage interne et approches de la parametrisation des modes rapides." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066657.
Full textGula, Jonathan. "Instabilités agéostrophiques des écoulements baroclines dans l'atmosphère et dans l'océan et leur évolution non-linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443696.
Full textLeroux, Marie-Dominique. "Intensification rapide des cyclones tropicaux du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien (SWIO) : dynamique interne et influences externes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0014/document.
Full textDespite significant improvements in Tropical Cyclone (TC) track forecasts over the past few decades, anticipating the sudden intensity changes of TCs remains a major operational issue. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze TC rapid intensification processes in relation with external forcing induced by upper-level troughs originating from the mid-latitudes. The impact of initial storm structure on storm evolution and prediction is also documented. An objective definition for rapid intensification in the southwest Indian Ocean is first proposed. The location and frequency of TC-trough interactions are identified, as well as TC-trough arrangements conducive to TC intensification. An interesting study case, TC Dora (2007), is chosen to run numerical simulations initialized with synthetic TC observations blended in a global analysis. The simulated TC-trough interaction is intricate with potential vorticity (PV) advection from the trough into the TC core at mid and upper levels. Vortex intensification first occurs inside the eyewall and results from PV superposition. Further intensification is associated with a subsequent secondary eyewall formation triggered by external forcing from the trough. The numerical model is able to reproduce the main features associated with outer eyewall spin-up, inner eyewall spin-down, and their effects on vortex intensity changes. Another numerical study examines typhoons in the northwest Pacific and demonstrates the critical role played by initial vortex structure in TC track and intensity prediction. Upgrading the initial specification of a TC inner-core structure in numerical models is recommended for future TC prediction improvements
Pantillon, Florian. "Transition extra-tropicale d'ouragans en Atlantique Nord et impact sur la prévisibilité d'événements extrêmes en Méditerranée." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755220.
Full textPantillon, Florian. "Transition extra-tropicale d'ouragans en Atlantique Nord et impact sur la prévisibilité d'événements extrêmes en Méditerranée." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1770/.
Full textThe extratropical transition is the transformation of a tropical cyclone into an extratropical cyclone during its migration towards the midlatitudes. During its interaction with its new baroclinic environment, the cyclone can reintensify through complex dynamical and diabatic processes. It can also have a impact downstream from the strengthening of a Rossby wave train, which quickly propagates and of which the breaking is often the trigger of extreme weather events. The complexity of dynamical and diabatic processes lead then to a reduction of the downstream predictability. Hurricanes Florence and Helene over the North Atlantic contributed that way to the triggering of extreme weather events in September 2006 in the Mediterranean, respectively, an intense precipitation event and a rarer phenomenon, a Medicane (Mediterranean hurricane). Helene was distinguished from Florence by its predominant diabatic processes during the reintensification over a warmer ocean, from which it maintained tropical characteristics. Helene was an exceptional case from its three reintensifications in three days, induced by the elongation of three filaments of potential vorticity, in addition to the development of the Medicane downstream. Both extreme weather events in the Mediterranean were missed from the midrange deterministic forecast. As diabatic processes control the impact of the hurricanes on the Rossby wave trains, the uncertainty in their description was investigated. For the first time, numerical simulations were performed with the Meso-NH model over a large domain with an explicit resolution of deep convection, taking advantage of the massive parallel computing capabilities of the model. A weak sensitivity to the horizontal resolution of the model was found in the precipitation of the hurricanes, thus in their impact on the Rossby wave trains and in the extreme weather events in the Mediterranean. The track of Helene showed instead a high sensitivity to its phasing with the Rossby wave train, that was influenced by the horizontal resolution of the model. This high sensitivity was found again in the ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, where the developement of the Medicane required the phasing of Helene with the Rossby wave train. Targeted perturbation of initial conditions around Helene and the upstream trough were sufficient to predict the Medicane at 108-h lead time in a Meso-NH simulation. The results show the possible impact of extratropical transitions over the North Atlantic, which take place during the same season as most high precipitation episodes in the Mediterranean. A reduction in the uncertainty of the forecast of an extratropical transition is therefore one of the issues for an improvement of the forecast of extreme weather events in the Autumn season, over the Mediterranean region
Treguier, Anne-Marie. "Effets des vents fluctuants et de la topographie sur la turbulence océanique à moyenne échelle." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2003.
Full textBonhomme, Céline. "Turbulences et ondes en milieu naturel stratifié : deux études de cas : étude du mélange turbulent et des ondes internes du lac Pavin (Auvergne, France) ; influence des ondes de Rossby sur la concentration en chlorophylle de surface dans l'upwelling du Pérou." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558713.
Full textSchaeffer, Nathanaël. "Instabilités, turbulence et dynamo dans une couche de fluide cisaillée en rotation rapide : importance de l'aspect ondulatoire." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009743.
Full textRaberanto, Michel. "Phénomènes de réflexion dans les ondes planétaires en atmosphère non isotherme." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10132.
Full textBrunet, Gilbert 1958. "Dynamique des ondes de Rossby dans un jet parabolique." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75978.
Full textIn Fourier space the problem has a Lagrangian formulation which permits a simple qualitative discussion concerning the nature of the interaction between the perturbation and the zonal flow. We have found new conservation laws that give insight into the dynamics of the jet. These results show a significant difference between the dynamics of easterlies and westerlies.
Using results from the theory of Lie groups we have obtained a number of distinct separation of variables for a $ geq -$.25 in the long wave approximation. This allow the initial value problem to be completely solved and also provides a number of exact solutions which are localized in y. For certain values of "a" these have a simple analytical form that permits a comparison with previous results for a linear zonal wind. As in the uniform shear case we observe a temporary amplification for certain initial conditions, whose nature now depends on "a".
We have shown that for an arbitrary initial condition of small amplitude (of order $ varepsilon$), the linearity hypothesis is invalidated when a $ ll$ 1 after a time of the order of $ varepsilon sp{-1}$ in a critical layer of width of order $ epsilon sp{1/2}$ centered at the jet extremum. We have also obtained the governing equations for the nonlinear evolution stage, which have a striking similarity with those for a forced Rossby wave on a linear wind profile.
Leroux, Marie-Dominique. "Intensification rapide des cyclones tropicaux du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien : dynamique interne et influences externes." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787099.
Full textOuahsine, Abdellatif. "Ondes de Rossby dans les courants océaniques avec coefficient de mélange." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10172.
Full textCornille, Hervé. "Modélisation asymptotique de phénomènes d'ondes à petite échelle dans certains types de turbomachines." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10132.
Full textRichet, Oceane Tess. "Impact of ocean waves on deep waters mixing and large-scale circulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX104/document.
Full textThe various projects presented in this thesis contribute to our understanding of various key aspects of the oceanic circulation. The first aspect that we investigate is the physical processes responsible for this tidal mixing, and we identify two processes. Equatorward of the critical latitude, internal tides transfer their energy to smaller-scale waves via triadic resonant instabilities involving near-inertial waves. Poleward of the critical latitude, internal tides still transfer energy to smaller-scale waves, but surprisingly this transfer takes place between the internal tide and evanescent waves.In the second study, we investigate the effect of a mean current on the propagation and the dissipation of internal tides generated at the topography in high-resolution simulations. In that case, the latitudinal dependence of the tidal energy dissipation is found to be smoother and closer to a constant. This change in the latitudinal dependence can be linked to the Doppler shift of the frequency of the internal tides, which impacts the generation of smaller-scale secondary waves.In the third study, we study the effect of an upstream disturbance on the upstream circulation by interaction with a hydraulically controlled sill. The Kelvin and topographic Rossby waves, generated by a change in the upstream inflow, perturb the flow through the channel and hence the water export. This perturbation is due to the refraction of the waves at the sill at each passage, once they go around the upstream basin
Michel, Clio. "Rôle du déferlement des ondes de Rossby dans la variabilité climatique aux latitudes tempérées." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0091/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the dynamics of the interaction between baroclinic waves (stormtrack) and the atmospheric low-frequency variability at midlatitudes. Two different approaches have been followed to study the impact of baroclinic wave breakings on jet-streams, one using reanalysis data and the other numerical simulations of a climate model. The first part of the PhD dealt with the link between Rossby wave breakings and the four weather regimes over the North Atlantic in winter using ERA40 reanalysis. The calculation of wave breaking frequencies showed that wave breakings tend to reinforce weather regimes except the Scandinavian blocking which is destroyed by cyclonic wave breaking south of Greenland. Then, precursors of weather regime transitions have been identified. The first precursor is linked to the linear propagation of low-frequency anomalies (period greater than ten days). This is not a systematic precursor but it occurs during the zonal to blocking transition about one week before this latter and is related to a quasi-stationary wave train excited by convective anomalies in the North Atlantic subtropics. The systematic second precursor is related to non-linear transient eddy interactions and has been linked to Rossby wave breakings. The link between the surface cyclones, Rossby wave breakings and the formation and decay of the Scandinavian blocking has been more precisely studied through the preferential transitions from the zonal weather regime to the blocking and from the blocking to the Greenland anticyclone. During the formation and decay of the blocking, surface cyclones reach the same intensities but do not follow the same trajectories. During the blocking formation, surface cyclones follow straight trajectories toward the north of Scandinavia and are linked to an anticyclonic wave breaking. Whereas during the blocking decay, surface cyclones trajectories are curved over the North Atlantic toward Greenland and are linked to a cyclonic wave breaking favouring the Greenland anticyclone formation. Our study suggests that this difference of behavior comes from the shape of the low-frequency flow which is not the same during the formation and the decay of the blocking and which can favour a particular type of wave breaking rather than another. The second part dealt with the link between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the storm-track in the atmospheric general circulation model Arpège-Climat in aquaplanet mode to better understand teleconnections such as the Arctic Oscillation and/or the North Atlantic Oscillation from an idealized point of view. We performed a sensitivity analysis of the eddy-driven jet variability to various stationary SST profiles
Vega, Andres. "Ondes de Rossby, niveau de la mer et couleur de l'eau dans le Pacifique Sud-Est." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30194.
Full textBaldasso, Patricia. "Análise comparativa da dinâmica das ondas de Rossby a partir de anomalias da altura da superfície do mar obtidas por satélite e modelos numéricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-12052016-112017/.
Full textSea surface height data measured from altimetry satellites and outputs of two ocean general circulation models (OGCM for the Earth Simulator - OFES and Community Earth System Model - CESM) were used to determine whether climate numerical models reproduce the Rossby waves in a manner similar to those observed in altimetry record in the South Atlantic. The models differs in the forcing, OFES is forced with NCEP-NCAR data while CESM is coupled with atmospheric model, ice and land model. Because these waves depend on the internal density structure and wind forcing, we can make inferences about the suitability of these two factors in the models in comparison with the altimetry data used as a reference. A series of finite impulse response band-pass filters (FIR-2D) was applied to isolate the westward propagating signals corresponding to Rossby waves in the altimeter. Both models are able to reproduce Rossby waves and show better results in low latitudes. However, the OFES model presented more difficulty to reproduce the wave parameters found in altimeter with differences of up to 68% for amplitude, 34% for the wavelength and 38% for phase velocity. By contrast the greatest differences between the wave parameters computed from the altimeter data and the CESM model were 32% for amplitude, 20% for the wavelength and 20% for phase velocity. Furthermore, the CESM model was capable of reproducing the seasonal signal correlation with an average of approximately 0.7 with altimeter\'s seasonal signal found throughout the South Atlantic basin, while the OFES\'s seasonal signal showed an average correlation 0.4 with the signal found by the satellite. These results indicate that both models can reproduce the phenomenon satisfactorily, the CESM better than OFES. The difference between the results should be related with the aspects cited above, specifically with the atmospheric forcing and the density structure in the water column in latitudes southern then 20ºS.
Watanabe, Wandrey de Bortoli. "Verificação da linearidade da resposta oceânica à forçante do vento em larga escala." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21132/tde-27072011-105134/.
Full textRossby waves are the ocean response to perturbations whose temporal and spatial scales are significantly longer than both the inertial period and the Rossby radius of deformation. These perturbations are, more often than not, attributed to variations in the wind stress curl {\\em via} Ekman pumping. The waves cause isopycnal displacement which due to vertical advection may result in sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Depending on the ocean--atmosphere interaction, SST anomalies can either change the wind field or be changed by it due to the heat flux. This study makes use of ten years of satellite derived SST, wind vector, and sea surface height anomaly data to identify regions where there is direct wind forcing of linear Rossby waves. Cross-correlation maps between these variables show where linear interactions occur. A simple 1½ layer model forced by Ekman pumping was used to check if, in those regions, atmospheric variability alone can explain the observed Rossby wave variability as estimated from radar altimeter data. The interaction between SST and wind magnitude in the South Atlantic is distinct from all other ocean basins. SST and wind stress curl correlations show that the Ekman dynamics is not dominant in the Indian Ocean. In the tropical Atlantic and Pacific the model predictions are similar to the observations. Finally, evidence of genesis and feedback of planetary waves is presented for the eastern boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Robert, Loïc. "Dynamique de variabilité des courants-jets des moyennes latitudes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066220/document.
Full textThis study investigate the impact of Rossby waves on the tropospheric midlatitude eddy-driven jets using an idealized numerical model. It focuses on the dynamical mechanisms driving the persistence of the main modes of variability: a shifting mode and a pulsing mode. The shifting mode is often found to be the leading mode of variability due to an enhanced persistence caused by a positive feedback of Rossby waves. Two new kinds of negative feedbacks have been found for a shorter time-scale than the more classical feedback which mechanism depends on wave properties. These new mechanisms have also been found in the more realistic set up of reanalysis. The impact of climate change is also investigated using the sensitivity analysis of the model to three key parameters : the meridional gradient of temperature, which leads to longer lasting phases of the shifting mode in the future, the jet mean position, which leads to less persistent shifting mode for poleward shifted jets, and frictional damping, because it is a parameter difficult to tune and which varies between numerical models. In conclusion, two new feedback mechanisms acting on eddy-driven jets variability have been found and theoretical diagnostics have been developed and could be used to probe more realistic data such as future climate simulations and reanalysis
Benchérif, Hassan. "Observations de l'activité dynamique dans la moyenne atmosphère, par sondage LIDAR, au-dessus du site tropical de l'ile de la Réunion -20. 8 sud 55. 5 est-." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066472.
Full textMorel, Béatrice. "Impact de la troposphère sur le transport isentropique dans la stratosphère via les ondes planétaires de Rossby." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066566.
Full textPuy, Martin. "L'influence des coups de vent d'ouest dans le Pacifique équatorial sur El Niño : origines atmosphériques et impacts océaniques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066020/document.
Full textEquatorial Pacific Westerly Wind Events (WWEs) impact ENSO evolution through their oceanic response and strongly contribute to its irregularities. WWEs are characterized by episodes of anomalous, short-lived, strong westerlies developing over the western Pacific warm pool. This thesis characterize the atmospheric origins and the oceanic and coupled impacts of these events in order to improve ENSO prediction. First, we show that, at intraseasonnal timescale, the Madden-Julian oscillation and the convectively coupled Rossby waves provide favourable conditions for the occurence of WWEs and confirm their modulation by ENSO at interannual timescale. Oceanic simulation with idealized forcing further allow characterizing and understanding the modulation of the SST response to WWE by the oceanic background state. Finally, The role of WWEs in the contrasted evolution of El Niño in 1997,2014 and 2015, which exhibited favourable conditions for El Niño to develop, is explored in ensemble simulations using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. It is shown that the stochasticity of the WWEs acts as a strong limitation for ENSO predictability
Orgeville, Marc d'. "Déstabilisation d’ondes mixtes de Rossby-gravité équatoriales par interactions non-linéaires verticales : application aux jets équatoriaux profonds." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES0001.
Full textThe deep equatorial circulation is dominated by intense zonal currents with verticaliy-alternating directions: the Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJs). EDJs are characterized by very high vertical modes, a large zonal coherency and intrinsically nonlinear dynamics. Another distinctive feature of the deep equatorial track is an intraseasonnal variability caused by low vertical modes mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGWs). This dissertation focuses on energy transfer mechanisms from high-frequency MRGWs to low-frequency zonal flows as a possible explanation of the EDJs formation. The case of a zonally-symmetric MRGW is first examined analytically and numerically. This wave is subject to an inertial-parametric instability, that drives a resonant excitation of two free waves with much smaller vertical scales. The pertubations growth and their ultimate breaking lead to the creation of a barotropic zonal flow. The case of zonally-variable MRGWs is then investigated numerically in an equatorial channel. Long to intermediate zonal scale MRGWs can also be involved in resonant triads, whereas a vertically-localized barotropic/centrifugal instability occurs for short zonal scale MRGWs. Both types of destabilisation lead to the formation of high baroclinic modes, stationary zonal flows. The transition between these two mechanisms is governed by the equivalent of Gill (1974)’s M parameter for the stability of mid-latitude Rossby waves. The MRGWs impact on the zonal circulation is finally examined numerically in an equatorial basin. Depending on M and on the zonal basin-extent, the MRGWs destabilization can create zonal jets with vertical modes, 4 to 8 times higher than the forcing vertical mode. These jets present the low-frequency vadability characteristic of equatorial basin modes and their spatial and dynamical characteristics fit the observed EDJs ones
Surville, Clément. "Morphologie et évolution des tourbillons de Rossby bidimensionnels dans les disques protoplanétaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4784/document.
Full textThe role of anticyclonic vortices in the protoplanetary disk evolution and in how do planetesimals form are among the most important chalenges of the modern astrophysics. That is why an exhaustive study of the structure and the evolution of these vortices is necessary.Thanks to a numerical code specificly designed for the study of these disks, we have revisited the Rossby Wave Instability in the nonlinear regime, and have discovered that a cascade of the perturbation modes can explain the formation of the vortices created by this instability.We have described the structure of these Rossby vortices with a new gaussian vortex model, which accurately fits the numerical results. A sample of 300 different vortices led us to define the bondaries of the radial and azimuthal extent as well as the vorticity of the vortices. We have distinguished two main families : (i) the incompressible family, which is stable and quasi stationnary ; (ii) the compressible family, moving and exciting density waves. We found them surviving more than 1000 orbits, a clear confirmation of their observability.Finaly, we have caracterized the inward migration of the vortices as a fonction of their shape, their vorticity, but also of the pressure gradient and the scale height of the disk. For the first time, we exhibit a equation relating the migration rate to these parameters. The time scale of the migration ranges from 10^6 to just 100 rotations of the disk. Extremely steep pressure gradients are needed to reverse the migration to an outward regime. Following the alpha viscosity approch, the loss of kinetic momentum due to this migration would be sufficient to sustain the accretion in the dead zone
Drouard, Marie. "Influence de l’écoulement atmosphérique du Pacifique nord sur l’oscillation Nord Atlantique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2730/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to better understand the relationship between the North Pacific atmospheric variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The litterature shows that the Pacific atmospheric flow exerts an influence onto the different phases of the NAO but the underlying key ingredients have not been clearly identified yet. The purpose of this work is to identify these ingredients using the ERA-40 reanalysis and performing numerical experiments with a global quasi-geostrophic model. One key ingredient influencing the NAO is the existence of a low-frequency, planetary-scale geopotential anomaly located over the northeast Pacific-North American area. Its main action is to modify synoptic Rossby wave propagation over North America, which determines in large part the nature of Rossby wave breaking in the North Atlantic. A positive low-frequency geopotential anomaly deflects the Pacific jet, which induces, on the downstream side of the anomaly, an equatorward propagation of synoptic Rossby waves packets, favoring the occurrence of anticyclonic wave breakings in the North Atlantic and so the positive NAO phase. On the contrary, a negative low-frequency geopotential anomaly induces a more zonally-oriented Pacific jet, which makes synoptic Rossby wave packets propagate zonally. This favors more cyclonic wave breakings than in the previous case and the negative NAO phase. It is not so much the amplitude of waves coming from the North Pacific that matters the most, but rather their direction of propagation. The previous mechanism is shown to partly explain the relationship between low-frequency modes of variability in the Pacific, like the Pacific-North American oscillation (PNA) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the NAO. Indeed, the patterns of these two modes contain a low-frequency, large-scale geopotential anomaly over the northeast Pacific, which modifies synoptic Rossby wave propagation in the same manner than previously highlighted. Thus, this thesis brings a new point of view on the link between the North Pacific modes of variability and the NAO. To finish, the in-phase and out-of-phase fluctuations between the PNA and the NAO indices are shown to be related to the first and second modes of variability in the northern Hemisphere, that are the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and the Cold Ocean-Warm Land pattern (COWL) respectively. The proposed mechanism is shown to be into play in the NAM and COWL and thus provide a dynamical interpretation of these hemispheric modes
Cravatte, Sophie. "El niño et les ondes intrasaisonnières dans l'Océan Pacifique équatorial générées par les vents dans l'Ouest du bassin." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30021.
Full textTOPEX/Poseidon sea level and time series from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array of moorings are used to observe Kelvin waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean in two separate bands of period, around 70 days and 120 days. Several wave analysis approaches (co-spectral, meridional and vertical structure analyses) show the predominance of the first baroclinic Kelvin mode around 70 days and the predominance of the second baroclinic Kelvin mode at 120 days. A linear model and an OGCM model show that an oscillating wind at 120-day period seems to force the Kelvin waves at the same period. However, the predominance of second baroclinic Kelvin mode at 120-day period could solely be explained by vertical redistribution of energy from first to second baroclinic mode as the waves propagate eastward. Equatorial Rossby waves are also evidenced at 120-day period in the western part of the basin. These wind-forced Rossby waves reflect at the western boundary with a 30-40% efficiency (lower than predicted by linear theory). We suggest that they superimpose on the directly wind-forced Kelvin waves, hence reinforcing the 120-day Kelvin wave signal
Athié, de Velasco Gabriela. "Étude de la structure spatio-temporelle de la variabilité intra-saisonnière dans les couches superficielles de l'océan Atlantique tropical." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2046.
Full textLntra-seasonal variability with 2-50 days scales is present at the surface of Tropical Atlantic Ocean. This variability bas different periods depending on its dynamic origin : forced by the high-frequency wind or by the oceanic instabilities. Satellite observations as well as numerical model simulations analysis shows a dominate signal with periods between 20 and 50 days at west of 10°W in the Tropical Atlantic ocean, corresponding to the Tropical Instability Waves (T1W). Two regions of variability between 20 and 50 days have been identified. The first one is equatorially-trapped with a latitudinal structure corresponding to a Yanai wave with periods between 25 and 35 days. The second region is located north and south of the equator, with a complex cross-equatorial structure that varies in time. This suggests that several intra-seasonal Rossby waves at periods slightly higher than those of equatorial TlWs (30-50 days) are involved in the TlWs dynamics in off-equatorial regions. This study demonstrates that TlWs are principally composed by wave-pattern anomalies resulting from a combination of several intra-seasonal equatorial waves. A numerical study using different wind fields, shows that the characteristics of the intra-seasonal variability in the Tropical Atlantic upperlayers are strongly dependent of the wind forcing. The high-frequency winds generate a 2-10 day variability that diminishes significantly the TlWs amplitude in the surface mixed layer. Moreover this forcing modifies the intra-seasonal variability of the SST
Le, Boyer Arnaud. "Variabilité intra-saisonnière des courants de pente continentale forcés par la turbulence méso-échelle." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2067.
Full textOcean margin exchanges occur on continental slopes. In this study, the dynamics of these exchanges are forced by mesoscale turbulence in a period range of 2-90 days (High Frequency, HIF). In this area and for these time scales, the energy of the forcing (wind or off shore circulation) is converted into Coastal Trapped Waves (CTW). On the one hand, this study is interested in the transition between linear dynamic of continental slope and non-linear meso-scale turbulence. Numerical experiments were performed in a periodic zonal canal with North and South zonal continental slope. A meso-scale turbulent kid forced the slope circulation. There was a strong asymetrie between North and South slope. On the South, the forcing energy was stuck in the interior because of the opposition between the planetary beta effect and the topographic beta effect. On the North, this energy was radiated on the slope through CTW. On the other hand, the HF circulation is studied in high resolution simulation of the North Atlantic ocean at 1/12°. The model validation, utilising satellite and in-situ observations showed that the resolution was to coarse to simulate a realistic continental slope circulation. In weak eddy kinetic energy area and for period 2 ta days, the slope circulation was directly forced by HF wind. The circulation at longer period was driven by the ocean circulation. In weak eddy kinetic energy area and for period T > 10-15 days, the continental slope is a wave guide forced. By the off-shore circulation. The stratification and steep slopes drives the wave propagation. On the East Atlantic, those waves maybe a connection between the Equator and Mid-latitude
Bonhomme, Céline. "Turbulence et ondes en milieu naturel stratifié." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498058.
Full textBosc, Christelle. "Variabilité du volume d'eau chaude et de la couche barrière de sel dans l'océan Pacifique équatorial à l'échelle interannuelle (ENSO)." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/723/.
Full textThe Equatorial Pacific is a key region for the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which strongly influences the global climate variability at the interannual time scale. To improve our understanding of ENSO, the present work aims at a) studying the role of equatorial waves on the Recharge/Discharge (RD) mechanism for ENSO, and b) documenting and analysing salinity barrier layers (BL) in the western Pacific warm pool. The RD mechanism for ENSO is first reviewed from the literature, and then analyzed within 5°N-5°S in using 1992-2006 altimeter-derived sea level anomalies (SLA) and in-situ observations. Changes in the volume of warm water above the thermocline (WWV) within 5°N-5°S, characterizing the RD of the equatorial band, are computed from SLA. The WWV changes appear to be a residual of incoming and outgoing warm waters, resulting from the opposite effects of zonally-integrated meridional Ekman and geostrophic transports of warm water. For the first time with observations, we evidence first baroclinic first meridional mode equatorial Rossby waves to be responsible for the anomalous meridional geostrophic transports of warm water, in changing the basin-scale zonal pressure gradient. Major features of the BL in the equatorial portion of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP) are brought to light through analysis of an unprecedented collection of temperature and salinity profiles derived from Argo floats during the period 2000-2007. The co-variability between Barrier Layer Thickness (BLT), sea surface salinity front, sea surface temperature and dynamic height anomalies, highlights clear relationships between BLT and each of those climatic variables. Statistics indicate that thick BL form preferentially under low wind conditions, heavy precipitation, eastward advection of low SSS, zonal current vertical shear, and/or in conjunction with equatorial downwelling Kelvin and Rossby waves (favouring the vertical stretching of the upper water column)
Bel, Madani Ali. "Impact du changement climatique dans le système de courant de Humboldt simulé par un modèle régional océanique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/777/.
Full textWhat do we need to study the influence of climate change simulated by global coupled models of the current generation upon the Peru-Chile upwelling system " is the main question addressed in this PhD thesis. Thanks to a dynamical downscaling approach performed with the ROMS model (Regional Oceanic Modelling System) at an eddy-resolving resolution (1/6°), we aim at understanding the processes that are likely to control possible future changes in the ocean circulation over this region influenced by ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). A study of the physical mechanisms that control ENSO-like variability in PI (pre-industrial) simulations performed with CGCMs (Coupled General Circulation Models) of the WCRP-CMIP3 multi-model ensemble (the so-called " IPCC-AR4 models ") allows identifying the most reliable models in terms of equatorial variability. It makes use of an intermediate coupled model of the tropical Pacific with prescribed mean stratification and wind forcing in order to derive explicitly the tendency terms of the mixed layer heat budget. Such analysis allows classifying the models according to the dominant ENSO process: zonal advective feedback or thermocline feedback. Models with a hybrid feedback like in the observations best represent the coupled processes that control SST variability, which makes us assume that they provide the highest confidence levels in terms of prediction of ENSO evolution under global warming. Among them, two CGCMs (IPSL-CM4 and INGV-ECHAM4) best reproduce mean temperature and currents as well as their intraseasonal-to-interannual variabilities at the western boundary of the Peru-Chile domain (100°W) and are therefore retained for downscaling experiments over the HCS (Humboldt Current System) region. CGCM outputs from the PI and 4xCO2 (CO2 quadrupling) simulations for the oceanic part are used directly as open boundary conditions for ROMS, whereas a high-resolution (~50km) CGCM-derived wind product obtained from a statistical downscaling procedure is used together with raw CGCM air-sea fluxes for the atmospheric forcing. .
Charria, Guillaume. "Influence des ondes de Rossby sur le système biogéochimique de l'Océan Atlantique Nord : utilisation des données couleur de l'eau et d'un modèle couplé physique/biogéochimie." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30268.
Full textThe marine phytoplankton in the ocean represents only less than 1% of global biomass. Phytoplankton performs half of all photosynthesis. This autotrophic biomass in ocean is then an essential element in the climate regulation through processes as carbon dioxide absorption during the photosynthesis. Therefore, we need to estimate precisely this biomass as well as the processes which affect it. Using remotely sensed data (altimetry and ocean colour) and a coupled physical/biogeochemical model (MERCATOR-OPA/NPZDDON), Rossby waves and their influence on phytoplankton biomass are specifically studied in the North Atlantic Ocean. Their features and their influences on surface chlorophyll concentrations were analysed. Through the different mechanisms identified, we estimated that these waves can induce local increases from 60% to 150% of the estimated primary production
Meheut, Héloïse. "Etude tridimensionnelle des tourbillons dans les disques d'accrétion : des microquasars à la formation planétaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077194.
Full textThe physics of accretion discs concerns various astrophysical domains from planet formation to high-energy astrophysics. Existence of anticylonic vortices may explain numerous phenomena such as quasi-periodic oscillations observed in X-rays binaries (with a compact object: black hole, neutron stars or white dwarfs) but also the growth of planetes mals in protoplanetary discs. This thesis present the first three dimensional study of such vortices due to the Rossby wave instability. The numerical simulations allows to demonstrate the unexpected fully three dimensional structure of the vortices. We then propose an analytical study of these vertical structures observed in the simulations. We then try to understand the consequences of these structures on the planet formation mechanisms. These vortices may allow the concentration of solid grains that ends in the growth of planetesimals. Finally we also propose a new explanation for the origin of kiloHertz quasi-periodic oscillations of neutron star binaries. This is based both on magnetohydrodynamics and radiation pressure
Bosc, Christelle. "Variabilité du volume d'eau chaude et de la couche barrière de sel dans l'océan Pacifique équatorial à l'échelle interannuelle (ENSO)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444416.
Full textAbouelainine, Abderrahim. "Simulation numérique de la circulation atmosphérique des planètes géantes." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077001.
Full textThe general circulation of the giant planets is still largely unknown, because most of the phenomena remain hidden to direct observation. One of the most important problems of the meteorology of these planets is the understanding of the heat mech¬anisms maintaining the zonal circulation. The Voyager observations showed that this circulation is highly stable, and both the solar heating or the internai source could induce the general circulation, as they are of similar amplitude. This thesis brings some elements to the solution of this problem, by numerical ex¬perimentation on a jovian atmosphere's model, made of a relatively deep, rotating spherical shell (1/5' of radius) of a Boussinesq fluid, heated from two sources, one internai, isotropic, the other one external, with a pole-equator differential heating simulating the solar heating of a tropospheric layer. We obtain a "classic" convective circulation when the differential heating is weak, although it tends to stabilize the convective instability. When the differential heat¬ing becomes dominant, a new instability appears, classified "barotropic" and due to the horizontal shear of the thermal wind; Rossby waves are generated by this instability instead of the convective columns which are the prevailing motions for weak differential heating
Carré, Aline. "Echanges stratosphère-troposphère durant la campagne PICO3." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30157.
Full textStratospheric intrusions play a key role in the ozone budget and are still associated with incertitudes at global scale. Subtropical latitudes are poorly documented, and climatological strudies of Rossby Wave Breaking (RWB) suggest that it could be an important process leading to stratospheric intrusions into the subtropical troposphere. This study focuses on an episode of RWB over mid-latitude and its interaction with the subtropical jet. The case study is documented by the airborne campaign PICO3 which occurred on October 2000 : the INSU Mystere 20 aircraft was equipped with in-situ instruments of ozone and Lidar ALTO from the Service d'Aéronomie, and it sampled stratospheric filaments several times. By comparison between the airborne observations, the data from Lagrangian techniques and numerical simulations from a mesoscale model (Meso-NH), this study analyses the formation processes of these filaments and estimate their impact in term of irreversible or not stratosphere-troposphere transport
Scolan, Hélène. "Dynamique et stabilité de fronts : phénomènes agéostrophiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU039/document.
Full textThis thesis has to be seen within the general study of atmospheric and oceanic fronts and the origin of gravity waves in the atmosphere. In this context we focus on a front in a rotating two-layer miscible fluid under vertical shear. Both experimental and numerical study highlights ageostrophic phenomena going beyond the usual geostrophic equilibrated configuration of a baroclinic front. First, the classification of different instability regimes of a front in an annular configuration as a fonction of Rossby number and Burger number reveals an ageostrophic instability coupling equilibrated and divergent motions due to a resonance between a Rossby wave and a Kelvin wave. This Rossby-Kelvin instability is confirmed numerically by the structure of the perturbation velocity fields in each layer. Second, small-scale structures have also been observed experimentally. Caracteristics of the interface in function of Richardson number and density and velocity interface thicknesses suggests the presence of the Hölmböe shear instability. A direct numerical simulation with an axisymmetric configuration and with a Schmidt number 700 confirms this conjecture. Other smalle-scale perturbations compatible with inertia-gravity waves have been observed numerically superimposed on an unstable Rossby-Kelvin front and the wave generation mechanism is discussed. In addition, a numerical study of a stable front highlighted the presenec of internal Ekman layers with an additional interfacial structure in the case of high Schmidt number and small Rossby number. For fronts in in/outcropping, front dynamics is modified by interaction with Ekman boundary layer at the location of the intersection zero-thickness singular point. It depends on both vertical circulation and mixing on the nose of the front and the various possible instabilities associated to horizontal or vertical wave resonances
Bel, Madani A. "Impact du changement climatique dans le système de Humboldt." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022928.
Full textIllig, Séréna. "Variabilité basse fréquence de l'Atlantique tropical : rôle de la dynamique océanique équatoriale et influence d'El Nino southern oscillation." Toulouse 3, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260664.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to study the coupled interannual variability in the Tropical Atlantic associated to the linear dynamics and the teleconnections with the Tropical Pacific El Niño variability. Our study suggest first that low-frequency wave dynamics (Kelvin and Rossby waves propagation) is to a large extent at work in the Tropical Atlantic, and play a significant part in the ocean-atmosphere mechanisms that can lead to the Atlantic Equatorial mode. The results of coupled experiments show that peak in SST variability in the 1 to 3 year band, as observed in the Equatorial Atlantic, is partly due to the local air-sea interactions, whereas remote ENSO Pacific forcing controls the lower frequency variability (3-7 year). Our results point out the complexity of the Equatorial Atlantic ocean-atmosphere system which predictability depends on the Pacific ENSO conditions and/or the high-frequency atmospheric activity
Vic, Clément. "Western Boundary Dynamics in the Arabian Sea." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0060/document.
Full textThis PhD aims to investigate some western boundary processes in the Arabian Sea : (i) the life cycle of the socalled Great Whirl, a persistent mesoscale eddy; (ii) the dynamics of the Persian Gulf outflow, a marginal sea dense outflow; and (iii) the seasonal Oman upwelling, a coastal upwelling forced by summermonsoonal winds. The cornerstone of all these phenomena is their locationat a western boundary, which makes then being influenced by both localforcing (e.g., monsoonal winds) and remote forcing (Rossby waves and wesward drifting eddies). Specifically, the later are expected to impact the western boundary dynamics since the low latitude of the Arabian Sea implies a fast westward propagation of long Rossby waves and eddies. Moreover, waves are continously excited by the reversing monsoonal winds. Based on a primitive equation model, we designed numerical experiments of different complexity that allowed to either realistically simulate the dynamics in the Arabian Sea or to isolate some processes.Major findings can be summarized as follows : (i) The Great Whirl life cycle is found to be significantly paced by annual Rossby waves, although the strong monsoonal wind stress curl is of major importance to sustain the structure. (ii) The Persian Gulf Water (PGW) spreading in the Gulf of Oman and the northern Arabian Sea can be explained by the stirring done by eddies entering the Gulf. These remotely formed surface intensifed mesoscale eddies propagate into the Gulf and interact with the topography. Frictional interactions produce intense vorticity strips at the boundary that detach and roll up in the interior, forming submesoscale coherent vortices (SCV). These SCV trap PGW initially located on the slope and redistribute it in the interior. This mechanism of transport ultimately produces mixing that explains the large-scale gradient of salinity in the gulf. (iii) We find that the dynamics of the seasonal upwelling of Oman contrasts with the more deeply studied Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). In particular, Rossby waves, propagating offshore in EBUS vs. onshore in this western boudary upwelling, are found to modulate the wind driven upwelling and its sea surface temperature response.Overall, these results appear to be rather specific to the Arabian Sea. The short zonal extent and the low-latitude of the Arabian Sea, as well as the seasonally reversing wind forcing are the distinguishing features of this region. Fast waves and drifting eddies and their interactions with the western boundary significantly shape the turbulent regimes of the western Arabian Sea
Cortes, Lobos Rocio Beatriz. "Principali reazioni termonucleari nelle stelle." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19933/.
Full textGuervilly, Céline. "Dynamos numériques planétaires générées par cisaillement en surface ou chauffage interne." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576177.
Full textGuervilly, Céline. "Dynamos numériques planétaires générées par cisaillement en surface ou chauffage interne." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU024.
Full textWe develop a hybrid numerical code based on a quasi-geostrophic model for the flows inside the planetary cores driven by internaI heating. For small Prandtl numbers, large amplitude geostrophic zonaI circulations are a robust feature of these flows. The scale and the amplitude of the zonaI motion are controlled by potential vorticity mixing and boundary friction. We identify the presence of large-scale Rossby waves propagating in the vigourously convecting region. The flows produce kinematic dynamos, with a small-scale poloidal magnetic field and a mainly axisymmetric toroidal field~ We find that the impact of the thermal wind on the dynamo threshold is not significant. Ln the second part of this thesis, we study dynamos generated by surface shears. Spherical Couette flow (between two spheres in differential rotation) produces dynamos with a high critical Reynolds number. By breaking the axial symmetry of the flow, the shear instability (in the form of a wave) plays a crucial role. The toroidal magnetic field is large compared with the poloidal field, suggesting the role of the omega effect. We study the dynamics and the dynamo action produced by zonaI jets, Le. , produced by differential rotation that is alternately westward and eastward. The zonaI jets imposed at the outer surface are modified by Rossby waves, which widen the jets and lower their amplitude. The dynamo mechanism relies on the propagation of the Rossby waves. We can establish a link between production of the axisymmetric poloidal magnetic field and the width of the iets throul!h the lenl!thscale of the Rossbv waves
Roehrig, Romain. "Variabilité intrasaisonnière de la mousson africaine : caractérisation et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560954.
Full textCORASANITI, SALVATORE. "Quando parla Onda Rossa. I Comitati autonomi operai e l'emittente romana alla fine degli anni settanta (1977-1980)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1081431.
Full textMagaga, Tinyiko Lucy. "Losing a loved one through death : a selected group of African teenagers' experiences, coping strategies and support needs in coming to terms with the death of a loved one." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13227.
Full textSocial Work
M. Soc. Sc. (Mental Health)