Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Onde quantique'
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Ringot, Jean. "Chaos quantique avec des atomes froids dans une onde stationnaire." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10130.
Full textLe, Bars Julien. "Etude du bruit quantique dans la détection interférométrique des ondes gravitationnelles." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066200.
Full textGuerlin, Christine. "Mesure quantique non destructive répétée de la lumière : états de Fock et trajectoires quantiques." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284379.
Full textPenasa, Mariane. "Mesure au-delà de la limite quantique standard de l'amplitude d'un champ électromagnétique dans le domaine micro-onde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066528/document.
Full textAs an essential intermediary between theories and their experimental proofs, measurement is meaningfull if the precision of its results is high. The main emphasis of metrology in laboratories is therefore on increasing as much as possible the precision of the experimental evaluation of a parameter. Quantum noise that affects the measurement establishes a quantitative limit on the maximal precision that can be achieved with classical states: the standard quantum limit (SQL). Quantum metrology aims at using quantum features to beat this limit and to approach the physically ultimate limit called Heisenberg limit. This thesis presents a measurement strategy for an electromagnetic field containing less than one photon, which is based on the use of atom-field correlations in a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment. The idea is to measure the amplitude of the small field by probing the disturbance caused on an entangled mesoscopic state that is already stored in the superconducting cavity. We demonstrated that our measurement strategy is in principle optimal thanks to two tools: the Fisher information (that depends on the measurement process) and the quantum Fisher information (that does not), which define the precision tanks to Cramér-Rao like equations. The measurement signal subsequently largely exceeded the level of accuracy obtained with classical states and we got as closed to the Heisenberg limit as the experimental imperfections allowed us
Guerlin, Christine. "Mesure quantique non destructive répétée de la lunière: états de Fock et trajectoires quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284379.
Full textCrosnier, de Bellaistre Cécile. "Conductance et étalement d'une onde quantique dans un guide unidimensionnel : effet d'une force." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLO009/document.
Full textA wave can be exponentially localized in a disordered medium, due to interference effects. This Anderson localization phenomenon leads to a cancellation of the conductance of a quantum fluid in 1D. However, theoretical works pointed out that an electric field may reduce or cancel this localization. We study here the effect of a force on the localization of a 1D quantum matter wave. Since both Anderson localization of an expanding wave packet and the effect of disorder on the transport between two reservoirs have been studied in ultracold atom experiments, we focus on two systems, namely the diffusion, or the transmission, of a particle.In order to calculate the transmission, we generalize a transfer matrix formalism to the presence of a, possibly inhomogeneous, force. The case of a speckle disorder as used in ultracold atom experiments is dealt with using two other analytical approaches. Our main is result is that the force can be entirely taken into account by renormalising the length with a local mean free path of the particle. For white-noise disorder, the force leads to a weaker, algebraic localization, whereas full delocalization appears for a correlated disorder. We then focus on the diffusion of a particle, using a numerical approach. A transition of delocalization of the particle for strong forces is shed into light through a power law increase of its position, whose exponent increases with the force. Moreover, we show that localization is systematically destroyed in a correlated disorder
Zanthier, Joachim von. "Amplification par couches diélectriques d'une onde evanescente pour miroir atomique." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066828.
Full textMétillon, Valentin. "Tomographie par trajectoires d'états délocalisés du champ micro-onde de deux cavités." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE051.
Full textQuantum state estimation, or tomography, is a key component of quantum technologies, allowing to characterise quantum operations and to extract information on the results of quantum information processes. The usual tomography techniques rely on ideal, single-shot measurements of the unknown state. In this work, we use a new approach, called trajectory quantum tomography, where the quantum trajectory of each realization of the state is recorded through a series of measurements, including experimental imperfections and decoherence. This strategy increases the extracted amount of information and allows to build new measurements for a set of feasible measurements.Using the tools of cavity quantum eletrodynamics, we have prepared entangled states of microwave photons spread on two separated modes. We have then performed a trajectory tomography of these states, in a large Hilbert space. We have proved that this method allows to estimate the state, to develop faster strategies for extracting information on specific coherences of the state and to compute error bars on the components of the estimated density matrix
Thibault, Karl. "Corrélateur courant-courant dans le domaine temporel d'une jonction tunnel mesuré par spectroscopie micro-onde." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5351.
Full textRenaudat, Saint-Jean Margaux. "Laser à cascade quantique dans un guide micro-onde pour la réalisation d'un peigne de fréquence." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC094.
Full textQuantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar compact devices based on optical transitions in quantum wells between the quantized states of the conduction band. Their emission wavelength, easily tailored thanks to quantum engineering, can cover the entire range of the mid-infrared spectrum. The work presented in this thesis deals with the design and the study of new cavity architectures for the realization of a frequency comb. Aim of the work is to improve the stability and the control of the intermode frequency spacing of Fabry-Perot QCL emitting at 9 ktm. By merging microwave and semiconductor laser technologies, we demonstrate the generation of a stable frequency comb, integrating a microstrip line in the QCL cavity. A comparative study of the new architecture and standard design has been carried out. The stability of the spacing between the modes has been characterized by measuring the microwave component of the optical signal at the round-trip frequency of photons in the cavity (13. 7 GHz). Full width at half maximum of this signal is seventeen times lower than that measured for a standard QCL with similar optical power, evidence of improved stability in the optical cavity. Through the injection of a stable microwave signal at the round-trip frequency, we control and stabilize the frequency comb over a range of the order of MHz with an injected power of 10 mW. The performance of direct modulation of the devices has been also investigated : the measured bandpass of the microstrip laser is three times higher than the standard laser at 10 GHz
Bernard, Alain. "Transport quantique d'ondes atomiques ultrafroides." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066365.
Full textAlbert, Romain. "Multiplication de photons dans le domaine du micro-onde grâce au tunneling inélastique de paires de Cooper." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY055.
Full textDuring the last 15 years, many quantum optics experiments were reproduced with microwave photons using superconducting circuits by building on the strong interaction of electromagnetic fields with Josephson junctions.This thesis focuses on the demonstration of a process where one microwave photon is converted to several photons at a different frequency. Contrary to phase-insensitive amplification, this multiplication can, in principle, be performed without added noise, thereby providing a building block for a simple single photon detector which is still missing for microwave photons.In order to attain efficient photo-multiplication, strong nonlinear coupling is required. We have designed high-impedance resonators coupled to voltage-biased Josephson junctions in order to provide the necessary non-linearity. The high-impedance resonators are designed using planar coils and are fabricated together with SIS Josephson junctions in a niobium trilayer process providing low capacitance junctions.Experimentally, we demonstrate the conversion from one to two photons with 90% efficiency and observe conversion from one to three photons, in agreement with theory. Cascading of at least two such multiplication stages should allow for discriminating an incoming one photon state from vacuum using a subsequent quantum limited amplifier, which can be realized using similar physics. Such a chain would then implement a number-resolving microwave single photon detector without deadtime
Dheur, Marie-Christine. "Expériences de plasmonique quantique : dualité onde corpuscule du plasmon de surface et intrication entre un photon et un plasmon de surface." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO004/document.
Full textWe present two quantum plasmonics experiments, namely quantum optics on surface plasmons. In the first experiment, we show the wave-particle duality of a single surface plasmon along the same lines as the single-photon interferences experiment of Philippe Grangier, Gérard Roger and Alain Aspect (2). In the second experiment, we bring out between a photon and a surface plasmon. We generate paires of polarization entangled photons and separate the pair photons spatially. A former photon is send to a semi-plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer whose first beam splitter is a polarization beam splitter whose output are converted to plasmons and on a plasmonic beamsplitter
Vaneph, Cyril. "Observation du phénomène de blocage anormal de photon dans le domaine micro-onde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066509/document.
Full textPhoton blockade is observed when a two level system is strongly coupled to a cavity thus limiting the occupation number of the cavity mode to zero or one photon. This phenomenon is analogous to the Coulomb blockade effect in mesoscopic physics and has been observed in optics by coupling a single atom or a quantum dot to a cavity. The efficiency of the blockade, as measured by the second order auto-correlation function g2(0) increases with the non-linearity of the system in comparison to the cavity width. In this thesis, we present a theoretical and experimental study of a new blockade mechanism, called "anomalous photon blockade effect", in the microwave domain. This effect appears in photonics systems consisting of two coupled modes, where at least one of the mode is non-linear. In contrast to the standard blockade effect, perfect blockade (g2(0)=0) can be achieved with an arbitrary weak non-linearity strength. In the first part, we present a theoretical study of the anomalous blockade, and we use, in particular, a description in terms of gaussian states. To experimentally observe this effect, we have micro-fabricated two coupled superconductive resonators, where one of the resonator is frequency tunable and non-linear thanks to a SQUID. In the second part, we present the fabrication process and the characterization of our sample. Finally, we present the different techniques that we use to measure the auto-correlation function g2(τ). This measurement allowed us to demonstrate the anomalous blockade effect and to study its various properties as a function of the experimental parameters
Fuchs, Jean-Noël. "Contribution à la mécanique statistique quantique des gaz froids." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002960.
Full textutilisant le formalisme des opérateurs d'Ursell, nous étendons la
théorie quantique du développement en agrégats des systèmes dilués
aux systèmes denses. Nous appliquons ensuite cette méthode à l'étude de la statistique des cycles d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein et à la transition superfluide d'un gaz de Fermi attractif.
Nam-Duk, Suh. "L'étude des structures cohérentes dans l'espace des phases du plasma unidimensionnel électrostatique : aspect classique et quantique." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2056.
Full textZanthier, Joachim Von. "Amplification par couches diélectriques d'une onde evanescente pour miroir atomique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00714692.
Full textPeugeot, Ambroise. "Quantum microwave sources from inelastic Cooper pair tunneling Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS093.
Full textThe probabilistic charge transfer in tunnel junctions is a source of current noise, which can be picked up by the environment of the junction where it creates electromagnetic excitations - or photons. In this thesis, we demonstrate that a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a tailored environment can act as a bright source of quantum microwave radiation. The energy required to create photons is extracted from a DC voltage source during the inelastic tunneling of Cooper pair through the junction. We detect this emitted light and study its properties with quantum optics tools adapted to the microwave domain. We characterize the singlephoton nature of the light emitted in a single mode strongly coupled to a junction, as well as the entanglement of photon pairs emitted in two modes at different frequencies. In addition to a better understanding of the charge-light coupling in coherent conductors, this work could lead to new ways of manipulating information at the quantum level
Planat, Luca. "Amplification paramétrique en résonance et à ondes progressives proche de la limite quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY020.
Full textA requirement for quantum information experiments using superconducting quantum circuits is the readout of extremely weak microwave signals. Quantum limited amplifiers are essential for such task and this is precisely why they occupy an always-growing importance in such experiments, particularly for superconducting quantum bits readout.In this thesis, we present two quantum limited amplifiers architectures: the first one is based on a resonator while the second one leverages a traveling-wave construction. These amplifiers both take advantage of tunable Josephson junctions (squid). It is the ideal component for quantum limited parametric amplification: it is both nonlinear and dissipationless (given its superconducting nature). This thesis demonstrates the operation of these Josephson quantum limited amplifiers and how they go beyond the state-of-the-art thanks to original design choices.An important limitation of resonant Josephson parametric amplifiers is their poor dynamic range. We identified the Kerr nonlinearity as the main cause, and we successfully managed to tailor it using Josephson junction arrays. We also developed a model in good agreement with the experimental data, therefore validating our initial assumption that the Kerr nonlinearity and saturation are linked. However, most of the resonant Josephson parametric amplifiers suffer from a fundamental issue, arising from their architecture. It is the conservation of the gain bandwidth product, therefore limiting their bandwidth. Traveling-wave architectures are well suited to overcome this limitation. However, two new issues must be dealt with: impedance matching and phase matching. To tackle the former, we developed an original and simple fabrication process in order to obtain a 50ohm matched 2000 squid array. As for the phase, we matched it by periodically modulating the impedance of the squid transmission line in order to open a photonic band gap. Therefore, we locally distort the dispersion relation. This step does not add any complexity to the initial fabrication process. Moreover, we developed a model in good agreement with experimental data while considering the nonlinear behavior of the photonic gap in a Josephson metamaterial. In addition to demonstrating high performance amplifiers poised for numerous quantum technological applications, this thesis opens the door to more fundamental quantum optics experiments taking advantage of these highly nonlinear transmission lines.With the resonant amplifiers, we measured a 1dB compression point around -117dBm and 45MHz bandwidth (at 20 db gain). With the traveling-wave amplifiers, we measured 18dB gain on a 2.25GHz bandwidth, a 1dB compression point reaching -103dBm and near quantum-limited noise performances
Billy, Juliette. "Propagation quantique d'ondes de matière guidées: Laser à atomes et localisation d'Anderson." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492482.
Full textDenechaud, Vincent. "Vers une étude spectroscopique de la transition d'Anderson." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLO002/document.
Full textThis manuscript summarizes the work of a thesis on Anderson's localization and transport of ultra-cold matter waves in disordered media. This is an experimental work aiming to study the Anderson transition separating the energy states of a quantum particle placed in a disordered potential into two phases: localized states and diffusive states.First, we will recall some fundamental concepts about wave localization and how such phenomenon is linked with some interference effects. Then, we will give a global description of the experimental set-up allowing to prepare the ultra-cold atomic samples used as a source of quantum matter waves, and to generate the speckle field used as disordered potential for the atoms.At the end of this introductory work, the concepts of localization introduced previously will be applied to the transport of cold atoms in a speckle field. A brief state of the art of cold-atom experiments dealing with the Anderson transition will allow us to set the limits of these works in terms of energy control on the atomic states. These limitations will then motivate the implementation of a new experimental "spectroscopic" method allowing a complete control of the energy of the atoms placed in disorder.The concept of spectral function will then be presented as a fundamental tool for characterizing energy states and for calibrating the energy reliability of the spectroscopic method. Finally, the experimental results on the measurement of spectral functions by this new spectroscopic method will show that it would be indeed possible to study the Anderson transition with a much higher energy resolution than the previous experiments
Duvauchelle, Jean-Eudes. "Effet d'une irradiation micro-onde sur la réponse électronique de Tri-Jonctions Josephson : mise en évidence de modes de quartets cohérents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY064/document.
Full textA fundamental route for the exploration of solid state based quantum information is the generation of EPR pairs of quantum-entangled objects. Although experimental tests of nonlocality have been successfully conducted with pair of entangled photons, it has not yet been possible to realize an electronic analogue of it in the solid state, where fermions are the natural quantum objects. However, Cooper pairs in superconductors are known as suitable sources of entanglement. Non-local entanglement is the key and Crossed Andreev reflection process can provide it by converting a Cooper pair into two spin-entangled electrons located in separate conductors.I investigated a device where three superconducting (Al) electrodes are connected by a sub-micron normal metal (Cu) composing a Josephson three-junction. In this hybrid nanostructure, new sub-gap features appear in the differential conductance when two terminals are biased at opposite voltage with respect to the third one. These features correspond to correlated motion of Cooper pairs and are consistent with the prediction of Quartets formed by the simultaneous splitting of two Cooper pairs from one of the superconducting reservoirs and the emission of two phase correlated Cooper pairs in the two other electrodes. In order to probe the quantum coherence of such features, I irradiated the device with a microwave at 14 GHz down to very low temperature (100 mK). Well known Shapiros resonances (both integer and half-integer) are observed when the microwave frequency matches the frequency of the AC Josephson currents generated by applying differents voltages across the three-junction.My study reveals that the quartet feature also shows Shapiro-like resonances. This result demonstrates that the quartet feature is a true quantum mechanism and confirms the quartet scenario that implies the coherent splitting of two Cooper pairs
Edlbauer, Hermann. "Electron-quantum-optics experiments at the single particle level." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY027/document.
Full textIn the last 25 years there were several reports on quantum-optics-like experiments that were performed with electrons.The progress is this young field of research brought up original techniques to trap, displace and manipulate electrons in solid-state devices.These advances opened up new prospects to study fascinating quantum mechanical phenomena such as tunneling or entanglement with electrons.Due to the controllability that is demanded in possible implementations of quantum logic circuits, it is now a particularly appealing idea to perform electron quantum optics experiments with single flying electrons.In this thesis we address two related, but conceptually different, electron-quantum-optics experiments at the single-particle level.All of the experiments that were conducted in the course of this thesis were performed at cryogenic temperatures with Schottky-gate defined devices in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures.In a first experiment, we perform a Mach--Zehnder type electron interference experiment in the ballistic transport regime.Forming a large quantum dot in one of the interferometer branches, we study the phase shift in the wave function of a resonantly transmitted electron.In the course of our experimental investigations, we find signatures of a transmission behaviour which reflect the internal symmetries of the quantum dot eigenstates.Our measurements shed light on the long-standing question about a universal transmission phase behaviour in large quantum dots.We thus set an important milestone towards a comprehensive understanding of resonant transmission of single flying electrons through quantum dots.In a second experiment, we go beyond the ballistic transport regime.We employ surface acoustic waves to transport a single electron between surface-gate defined quantum dots of a tunnel-coupled circuit of transport channels.In this course, we develop two essential building blocks to partition and couple single flying electrons in such a sound-driven circuit.By exceeding a single-shot transfer efficiency of 99 %, we show that a sound-driven quantum electronic circuit is feasible on a large scale.Our results pave the way for the implementation of quantum logic operations with flying electron qubits that are surfing on a sound wave
Betz, Andreas. "Diffusions électronique élastique et inélastique dans le graphène étudiées par le transport micro-onde et le bruit." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784346.
Full textFrankland, Burgu Sorgunlu. "Electron interference in the collision He2+ + H2 : A complete analogy with photon interference." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2002.
Full textThe phenomenon of interference obtained following a collision between a projectile He2 + low energy and a target H2 has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The first part of the thesis is devoted to a historical summary of the interference experiments with electrons. The experiment carried out by our group and its first results are recalled. Further analysis of experimental results is presented, demonstrating the possibility of extending the analogy between electronic and photonic interference. A new experiment performed on photon interferences clearly shows that the oscillations observed in the angular distributions have multiple origins: the width and the position of the maximum in the wavelength distribution. Two models are considered in order to reproduce the experimental results. The most simplified model based on the phase-shift between different paths taken by the electron to reach the detector is first presented. The results obtained in the framework of this model are in agreement with the experimental results. A second model, based on quantum mechanics, does not reproduce the experimental results. The reason for this failure and the limits of this model are explained. The experimental and theoretical perspectives that will allow a better understanding of the phenomenon of electron interferences are detailed in the conclusion
AL, SALEH-MAHROUSSEH SALOUA. "Calcul relativiste, en electrodynamique quantique, de la diffusion compton sur un electron lie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21098.
Full textPoilblanc, Didier. "Théorie des phases onde de densité de spin induites par le champ magnétique dans des conducteurs très anisotropes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112017.
Full textJeanvoine, Yannick. "Modélisation ab initio des silicates, aluminosilicates et silicoaluminophosphates. Etude structurale et dynamique des sites acides de Bronsted dans HSSZ-13 et Hsapo-34." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0251_JEANVOINE.pdf.
Full textPrat, Tony. "Localisation d'Anderson avec des atomes froids : dynamique dans le désordre et perspectives avec des modèles chaotiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066232/document.
Full textThis thesis theoretically investigates several effects related to Anderson localization, focusing on the context of disordered and chaotic cold-atomic systems. In cold-atomic systems, optical speckle patterns are often used to create the disorder. The resulting potentials felt by the atoms differ from Gaussian random potentials, commonly assumed in the description of condensed-matter systems. In the first part of the thesis, we discuss their specificities, with an emphasis on the spectral properties. Atom-optics experiments offer interesting possibilities, such as the possibility to directly probe the atoms inside the disordered potential. In view of these possibilities, we consider in the second part of the thesis the spreading of matter wave packets initially launched with a non-zero velocity. We find that after an initial ballistic motion, the packet center-of-mass experiences a retroreflection and slowly returns to its initial position, mimicking a boomerang. Atom-atom interactions are then introduced in a third part. We consider dilute condensed bosonic gases, and treat the interactions at the mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) level. Various situations are studied numerically, in particular the quantum boomerang scenario, and the dynamical spreading both in momentum and energy of matter waves prepared as plane waves. In the last part, we show that chaotic models offer interesting prospects for the study of Anderson localization. On the one hand, we present strong evidences in favor of a spinless kicked rotor in the sympletic ensemble. On the other hand, a second look at a commonly studied quasi-periodically modulated kicked rotor reveals intriguing results
Barate, Philippe. "Génération et détection optique d'ondes de spin dans les puits quantiques CdMnTe dopés n." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587167.
Full textBahlak, Samia. "Contribution à l'étude d'un modulateur acousto-optique à puits quantiques." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a93e0d34-1079-4e51-b081-345993233dd1.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Long. "Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms : toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066695/document.
Full textQuantum simulation offers a highly promising way to understand large correlated quantum systems, and many experimental platforms are now being developed. Rydberg atoms are especially appealing thanks to their strong and short-range dipole-dipole interaction. In our setup, we prepare and manipulate ensembles of Rydberg atoms excited from an ultracold atomic cloud magnetically trapped above a superconducting chip. The dynamics of the Rydberg excitation can be controlled through the laser excitation process. The many-body atomic interaction energy spectrum is then directly measured through microwave spectroscopy. This thesis develops a rigorous Monte Carlo model that provides an insight into the excitation process. Using this model, we discuss a possibility to explore quantum simulations of energy transport in a 1D chain of low angular momentum Rydberg atoms. Furthermore, we propose an innovative platform for quantum simulations. It relies on a groundbreaking approach, based on laser-trapped ensemble of extremely long-lived, strongly interacting circular Rydberg atoms. We present intensive numerical results as well as discuss a wide range of problems that can be addressed with the proposed model
Landragin, Arnaud. "Réflexion d'atomes sur un miroir à onde évanescente : Mesure de la force de van der Waals et diffraction atomique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400765.
Full textPapoular, David. "Manipulation des interactions dans les gaz quantiques : approche théorique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624682.
Full textBeierlein, Udo. "Propriétés de transport des bronzes monophosphatés de tungstène quasi bidimensionnels à onde de densité de charge, (PO2)4(WO3)2m (m=4,5,6)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10130.
Full textFabre, Charlotte. "Miroirs de Bragg pour ondes de matière et apport de la supersymétrie aux potentiels exponentiels." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749622.
Full textJendrzejewski, Fred. "Quantum transport of ultracold atoms in disordered potentials." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809290.
Full textBize-Reydellet, Laure-Hélène. "Bruit quantique électronique et photons micro-ondes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003204.
Full textGlorieux, Quentin. "ETUDE THEORIQUE ET EXPERIMENTALE DES CORRELATIONS QUANTIQUES OBTENUES PAR MELANGE A QUATRE ONDES DANS UNE VAPEUR ATOMIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558505.
Full textMontambaux, Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude des conducteurs quasi-unidimensionnels sous champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600617.
Full textGouzien, Élie. "Optique quantique multimode pour le traitement de l'information quantique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4110.
Full textThis thesis studies multimode quantum optics, from generation to detection of light. It focuses on three main parts. Multimode squeezed states generation within cavity is studied. More specifically, we take into account general quadratic Hamiltonian, which allows describing experiments involving arbitrary number of modes and pumps within a medium performing four-wave mixing. We describe a generic approach combining Green functions and symplectic matrix decomposition. This general theory is illustrated on specific cases. First, low-dimensional examples are given. Then, a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) is described and studied; it shows a very distinct behavior from that of the SPOPO using second order non-linearity. This work opens way to the realization of quantum frequency combs with ring micro-resonators engraved on silicon. Single-photon detectors are described taking into account temporal degrees of freedom. We give positive-valued measurement operators describing such detectors including realistic imperfections such as timing-jitter, finite efficiency and dark counts. Use of those operators is illustrated on common quantum optics experiments. Finally, we show how time-resolved measurement allows improving the quality of state generated by single-photon heralded source. In the third part we propose a protocol for generating a hybrid state entangling continuous and discrete variables parts, for which the discrete part is time-bin encoded. This scheme is aanalysed in detail with respect to its resilience to experimental imperfections
Meplan, Olivier. "Ondes et particules dans le modèle de l'accélérateur de Fermi : simulation numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10016.
Full textRomanelli, Marco. "Mélange à quatre ondes de polaritonsss dans des microcavités semi-conductrices." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011935.
Full textAZARIA, PATRICK. "Systemes frustres." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066641.
Full textGutlé, Claudine. "Espaces orbitalaires et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : éléments pour le développement d' une approche de la chimie quantique basée sur le théorème de Hohenberg et Kohn ainsi que sur l' équation de Schrödinger, et qui conduit à des résultats exacts en suivant une systématique gouvernée par l' espace orbitalaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077160.
Full textBlanchet, Florian. "Photonique Josephson : génération & amplification micro-ondes en régime quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY078/document.
Full textThe recent field of Josephson photonics is about the interplay between circuit quantum electrodynamic and dynamical Coulomb blockade. It explains and studies the ability of a Cooper pair to inelasticity tunnel through a DC-biased Josephson junction by dissipating the Cooper pair energy in the electromagnetic environment of the junction in the form of photons.This thesis focuses on two aspects of the Josephson photonics:• Control over the statistics of the emitted photons with focus on Generation of non-classical photons;• Stimulated emission of photons leading to Amplification with added noise at the quantumlimit.These devices are powered with a simple DC voltage used to biased the Josephson junction. Such devices can be a new solution in a frequencies range where only few simple alternative solutions are now available.We have studied our devices with two theories, P-theory and input output theory, to derive working characteristics of our devices : Photon rate, gain, noise, bandwidth, compression point. The measured samples are made of niobium nitride and the electromagnetic environment of the junction is engineered to fulfil our needs. The possibility to select the photonic processes at will by engineering the electromagnetic environment permits to imagine further devices: other types of sources, wideband amplifiers, photon detectors
Zakka, Bajjani Eva. "Bruit de grenaille quantique électronique et statistique de photons micro-ondes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495429.
Full textHagenmuller, David. "Electrodynamique quantique en cavité d'un système d'électrons bidimensionnel sous champ magnétique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077263.
Full textIn this thesis manuscript, we present a theory describing the coupling between the quantized electromagnetic field of a cavity resonator and the cyclotron transition between Landau levels in a two¬dimensional electron gas in presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. We show that such a system can reach an unprecedented ultrastrong coupling regime, where the vacuum Rabi frequency (quantifying the strength of the light-matter interaction) can be comparable or bigger than the cyclotron transition frequency for large enough filling factor. Our theoretical predictions have been demonstrated by spectacular experimental results. Moreover, we have generalized the theory to the case of graphene, whose low-energy excitations are described by a massless Dirac Hamiltonian. We show that the ultrastrong coupling can be also achieved for graphene, leading to strong qualitative differences with respect te the case of massive fermions in a semiconductor
Hess, Christoph. "Propriétés de transport des bronzes oxygénés quasi-bidimensionnels à ondes de densité de charge, (PO2)4(WO3)2m(m=4 à 14)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10117.
Full textBahr, Stefan. "Dynamique Quantique des Nanoaimants Moléculaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338458.
Full textLa première partie présente des mesures d'aimantation résolues en temps de l'aimant moléculaire Fe8. Nous présentons plusieurs expériences indépendantes, qui mettent en évidence les différents couplages entre les spins et qui permettent d'observer la dynamique quantique des spins moléculaires. Les études de la dynamique de l'aimantation nous donne un accès direct au processus de relaxation de spin, en particulier ces études nous permettent d'étudier l'interaction entre spins et phonons. Dans ce contexte nous avons développé une technique « pompe-sonde » avec deux impulsions de micro-ondes décalées en temps pour étudier la dynamique très rapide des spins.
La deuxième partie concerne les mesures d'aimantation de l'aimant moléculaire Mn6 par magnétométrie Hall. De nombreuses mesures dans différents régimes en température et en champ magnétique nous permettent de caractériser les propriétés magnétiques de la molécule. Finalement, des simulations numériques qui s'appuient sur un modèle dimérique de la molécule (en présence des termes d'interaction par échange symétriques et antisymétriques) nous permettent d'expliquer théoriquement les transitions par effet tunnel.