Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ondes – Propagation – Étude et enseignement'
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Abboud, Rizkallah. "Difficultés de l'enseignement dans deux domaines de la physique : le phénomène d'induction électromagnétique et la propagation d'ondes mécaniques." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077128.
Full textGuo, Chang Sheng. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans un puits : étude théorique, et expérimentale." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10569.
Full textMarcuz, Jérôme. "Protection par parafoudre : étude et modélisation de la propagation des ondes de surtension." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS012.
Full textThis manuscript presents a study of the dynamic behavior of surge protection devices in an electrical circuit, more precisely a study of the reflection and resonance phenomena occurring on internal lines of a protected installation. This study include a modelling step with experimental validation of assumptions and then a comparison of analytical results with numerical simulations and experimental data. The studied system is composed of a source of disturbance, transmission lines, a load impedance modeling a device to protect and a model of limiting type surge protection device (SPD). Experimental data obtained from a setup inculding a fast front voltage pulse generator (30 ns) validate orders of magnitude chosen for the model parameters. The analytical study ends in a model used in a parametric study showing the respective roles of the model parameters especially that of the stray capacity of SPD. It also appears that, despite the presence of a SPD, when a steep front surge appears a three times higher than the protection voltage of the SPD can reach the protected equipment side. The last part of the manuscript presents a theoretical approach of the system using the tools of nonlinear dynamic systems study. This approach allows a more compact system derscription and offers amore holistic vision of the evolution of the system
Anache-Ménier, Domitille. "Propagation des ondes dans les milieux désordonnés: étude de la phase des ultrasons et des ondes sismiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335480.
Full textLa théorie des distributions et des corrélations des dérivées spatiales et temporelles de la phase est développée dans l'hypothèse d'un champ scalaire analytique gaussien et circulaire. Ces fonctions statistiques permettent de caractériser les diffuseurs dans les deux dispositifs expérimentaux au coeur de cette thèse. D'une part, les fluctuations temporelles de la phase d'ultrasons sont utilisées pour sonder la dynamique d'une suspension de billes millimétriques sur des échelles de temps allant de la milliseconde à la seconde. D'autre part les fluctuations spatiales de la phase donnent une caractérisation de la diffusion multiple des ondes de flexion dans une plaque de Plexiglas ® perforée aléatoirement. Le comportement asymptotique en loi de puissance des distributions des dérivées de la phase démontre les propriétés gaussiennes des codas dans ces deux dispositifs.
Enfin, l'étude de la coda de séismes régionaux en Californie a permis de proposer une application à la détermination du libre parcours moyen des ondes sismiques dans la croûte terrestre : il est montré que c'est la seule échelle caractéristique de la fonction de corrélation de la dérivée spatiale de la phase.
Neau, Guillaume. "Ondes de Lamb dans des plaques anisotropes viscoélastiques : étude des fronts d'onde et atténuation." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12634.
Full textMariage, Philippe. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation des ondes hyperfréquences en milieu confiné et urbain." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10052.
Full textBendenia, Mohamed. "Étude de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques, millimétriques et sub-millimétriques, dans un milieu turbulent et conditions de réception." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ESAE0009.
Full textBenhassoun, Samir. "Enseignement-apprentissage des ondes dans les lycées tunisiens : un essai de remédiation." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10236.
Full textJohnson, Philippe. "Propagation des fissures en fatigue par chocs : développement d'une méthodologie et étude experimentale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10415.
Full textGobara, Shirley Takeco. "Profil conceptuel et situation-problème : une contribution à l'analyse de l'apprentissage de la périodicité en physique." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10322.
Full textBrunet, Thomas. "Étude de milieux granulaires secs et mouillés à l'aide des ondes ultrasonores." Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129738v2.
Full textThis work deals with the sound propagation in a stressed dense granular medium. Elastic waves offer a non invasive method for probing the structure, the viscoelastic properties and non linear behaviours of force networks in the material. First of all, we briefly describe some results about small-amplitude ultrasound propagation in granular materials (effective coherent modes, multiply scattered waves). After then, we show how to infer elastic modulii and characterize the internal dissipation by using coherent waves and multiply scattered waves, respectively. By studying the influence of small amount of added liquid in the medium (< 0,1%) or the surface state of beads, on the viscoelastic properties of dry and wet granular media, we are able to identify two different origins of dissipation : frictionnal and viscous mechanisms. Finally, we study the non linear behaviour of large-amplitude sound propagation in a granular medium. More precisely, we characterize experimentally the reversible hertzian non linear elasticity of the granular medium via harmonic generation. And then we discuss an original experimental finding which concerns irreversible interaction process between elastic waves and granular medium. The underlying physics is related to the Mindlin hysteretic non linearity which causes a softening of the elastic modulus of granular medium accompagnied by micro-rearrangements at the grain asperity scale
Caillet, Mathieu. "Étude et conception d'un système radar courte portée et d'antennes reconfigurables en bande millimétrique." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S152.
Full textRobles, Alfredo. "La vidéo comme support didactique en physique : interprétation microscopique d'un phénomène macroscopique : la propagation du son." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10178.
Full textDrevard, Déborah. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de la propagation d'ondes de gravité en zone de déferlement." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0003.
Full textThe purpose of this work consists in studying experimentally and numerically the propagation and the breaking of gravity waves. In the first part, calculations, based on Stokes wave theory, are proposed for the measurement of partially standing wave from electromagnetic (S4) or acoustic (ADV) instruments giving velocities and/or pressure synchronous measurements. Influences of current, wave propagation direction, immersion depth of instrument and nonlinear effects are then studied for both laboratory and nearshore experiments. In the second part, an improved interface tracking algorithm (SL-VOF, Semi-Lagrangian Volume Of Fluid), inserted in an industrial code (EOLE, Principia R&D) is validated for gravity wave breaking in shallow water. Two applications are considered for the study of the shoaling and the breaking of a solitary wave: over a step (discontinuity of the bottom) and over a constant mild slope (1/15)
Xeridat, Olivier. "Étude expérimentale de la propagation, de la diffusion et de la localisation des ondes de Lamb." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4072.
Full textLes ondes élastiques qui se propagent dans les plaques minces constituent un outil performant pour l'étude de la propagation et de la diffusion des ondes en milieux complexes. Elles permettent d’élaborer des dispositifs expérimentaux de taille macroscopique, large bande et non invasifs lorsque la génération et la détection des ultrasons sont effectuées par laser. L’outil expérimental développé dans le cadre de cette thèse permet d’une part l’accès direct à la dynamique temporelle du champ de vibration normale des ondes de Lamb et d’autre part de dresser les cartographies spatiales d'amplitude et de phase des modes propres par traitement numérique. Les milieux complexes étudiés sont de deux types : les milieux homogènes chaotiques et les milieux hétérogènes diffusants. Pour les premiers, on s’intéresse aux effets de l’ouverture du système fermé vers l’extérieur sur les caractéristiques spectrales et spatiales des modes. Pour ce faire, une série d’expériences est réalisée à la surface d’un wafer de silicium de forme chaotique avec un taux de pertes locales variable. Une seconde étude a trait au problème complexe de la diffusion des ondes de Lamb par un trou non traversant : le trou « borgne ». Ses caractéristiques de résonateur basse fréquence permettent de disposer d’un grand nombre de diffuseurs efficaces dans un volume réduit. Dans de tels milieux désordonnés, les interférences entre les ondes multiplement diffusées peuvent bloquer la propagation des ondes : c’est le phénomène de "localisation d’Anderson" qui fait l’objet de la dernière partie de ce travail. On y décrit l’élaboration puis l’analyse d’un milieu localisant constitué d’une plaque de silicium contenant une collection aléatoire de trous borgnes
Tavakkoli, Jahangir. "Étude de la propagation des ultrasons pulsés, focalisés, et de grande amplitude dans les milieux biologiques : application à la destruction tissulaire par des ondes de choc in vitro et in vivo." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T065.
Full textCarlotti, Xavier. "Étude mathématique et numérique de modèles de propagation en optique non linéaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066294.
Full textVassilev, Assen. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des phénomènes à l'interface d'une poche de gaz immobilisée au sein d'un écoulement permanent de liquide." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10253.
Full textThe phenomena at gas-liquid interface are studied experimentally and numerically. In the experimental part, a gas pocket is immobilized and immerged in a steady liquid flow. Both laminar and turbulent flow regimes are investigated. The study is based on three different gas pockets. Two interfacial regions of the gas pocket are recognized: front and body. The analysis of the body reveals zones where traveling and frozen waves appear. The last are explained using the deep-water-waves theory. Besides, a theoretical model describing the mass transfer across the interface is developed. In the numerical part, two-dimensional unsteady calculations are performed using a commercial code. The modeled shape of the pocket and its front are quite well reconstructed. In contrast, no distinct zones are predicted by the model. The interface is homogeneous and characterized only by traveling waves which wavelength corresponds to the characteristic vortex length encountered inside the gas phase
Zhang, Qiang. "Étude de la propagation et du rayonnement pour des applications au voisinage du corps humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS408.
Full textThe aging of population and the increase in medical costs have brought a lot of innovations in the medical domain. One of them is the use of wireless sensors that are located in, on, or around the human body to monitor patient’s physiological signs. Due to the nature of the transmitted data, high data security is one of the most essential requirements in the system. The first objective of this thesis is to improve the communication security between on-body sensors with a novel transmission mechanism that uses human skin as a transmission medium and confines the surface-wave signal inside the skin. Transverse resonance method (TRM) is used to numerically analyze existing modes within the human body model. Confinement capabilities as well as propagation losses are investigated for frequencies up to 60 GHz. It should be noted that the developed TRM-based dispersion analysis code is the core work of this thesis and is used throughout all the main analysis in this thesis. Another innovation in the medical domain can be referred to the non-contact sensor-less remote medical monitoring using Doppler radar. Leaky-wave antennas are good candidatures for such applications due to their frequency-depending beam scanning properties. A fast scanning is desired in order to cover a large angular range with a given operation frequency bandwidth. Consequently, in the second part of this thesis, an original TRM-procedure-based design is proposed to increase the frequency dispersion of the guiding structure, which uses a grounded dielectric slab covered by a metasurface. Using this enhanced dispersion, a periodic leaky-wave antenna is designed and simulated in the 60 GHz band
Chalet, David. "Étude et modélisation des ondes de pression dans les géométries complexes : application à la simulation du fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2089.
Full textSeetharamdoo, Divitha. "Étude des métamatériaux à indice de réfraction négatif : paramètres effectifs et applications antennaires potentielles." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S013.
Full textRebuffi, Luigi. "Étude et optimisation des différentes techniques pour la production, la conversion, la propagation et le rayonnement des micro-ondes à haute puissance pour le chauffage du plasma à la fréquence cyclotronique électronique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112328.
Full textDayoub, Iyad. "Étude et amélioration d'un récepteur pour la norme EDGE." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1eb709e2-0a86-486b-a78d-bb14dd35e37f.
Full textThe purpose, which we pursued in this work, is the improvement of the performances of the receivers intended for the system EDGE. We developed more particularly two points: The automatic recognition of modulation type in the received burst and the channel equalizer. As regards the modulation type recognition, Ericsson had already proposed a solution. We introduced another original solution, based on the observation of the basic band digital constellation. Our results indicate improved performances. The solutions at present proposed by different teams for channel equalization present correct performances in the cases of restricted mobility (some km/h). Our purpose is to improve equalizers by making them operational for superior mobilities. For that purpose, we adapted to the standard EDGE an introduced equalizer (DDFSE) there is many years (1989) for modulations of type QPSK. Our simulations indicate competitive performances in the case of a restricted mobility, which degrade quickly when this last one increases, but however less fast than for the most part of the rival methods. Still to improve the performances of the equalizer and win in mobility, we looked for additional approaches. First of all, we adapted to our receiver a frequency correction algorithm allows to facilitate the channel estimation when the mobility increases. The simulations are convincing and show that the effect of the algorithm is all the more net as the mobility is high. Another original investigated way was the channel re-estimation. Indeed, for the average and high mobilities, the variations of the canal are very fast, even on the duration of a single burst. We suggested choosing between several variants of the (CIR) bringing in the previous, current and following bursts (and either only the current burst). The simulations showed the efficiency of this method, especially for high mobilities
Benslama, Malek. "Contribution à l'analyse spectrale des ondes acoustiques : étude de la propagation de l'excitation et de l'interaction avec les porteurs d'un semi-conducteur." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT009H.
Full textChartois, Yannick. "Étude paramétrique avancée de canaux SISO et MIMO en environnements complexes : application au système HiperLAN/2." Télécom Bretagne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TELB0003.
Full textArrigoni, Michel. "Étude de l'influence des rugosités d'interface, de porosités et de l'épaisseur d'échantillon sur la propagation des chocs laser dans des systèmes revêtus : application au procédé LASAT (LASer Adhérence Test)." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2328.
Full textAn increasing number of applications are interested in using coated systems. Therefore, coatings deposition methods and adherence testing techniques are more and more required by the industry. The LASAT process (LAser Shock Adherence Test) consists in a no contact, automatic debonding test that can be implemented in an industrial background. This technique lies on shock wave propagation and consecutive traction at the interface of multi-layered targets. In order to account for realistic industrial systems, the effect of interface roughness and the porosity of the coating upon traction yielded at the interface is investigated. Laser shocks use reduces the application of the debonding test to systems within the millimetric range. New solutions to push up this limit have been studied. The ability of laser driven fliers impact to realize the debonding test for a few millimeters thickness systems has been evidenced
Laurent, Jérôme. "Étude d'un matériau granulaire sec par ondes ultrasonores : effet non linéaire, atténuation et diffusion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657286.
Full textBerraki, Madjid. "Étude théorique et modélisation d'une source piézoélectrique enterrée unidirectionnelle pour applications sismiques." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Berraki.pdf.
Full textL'évolution des enregistrements effectués au niveau des récepteurs n'est pas attribuable uniquement aux variations dans le réservoir. La solution proposée dans cette thèse est la conception une source enterrée unidirectionnelle. La première partie expose un principe de source unidirectionnelle. Il s'agit de la combinaison, en milieu infini et en champ lointain, de forces ponctuelles dont les amplitudes complexes sont ajustées. La seconde partie décrit le rayonnement de la source unidirectionnelle idéale en milieu réel. Le modèle développé repose sur la détermination de la fonction de Green du milieu semi-infini, soit par méthode de Cagniard De Hoop (demi-espace), soit par méthode Réflectivité/DWN (milieu semi-infini stratifié). Un transducteur piézoélectrique unidirectionnel enterré, est modélisé dans la troisième partie. Le code éléments finis ATILA est utilisé pour modéliser la source piézoélectrique. Le milieu extérieur est représenté par sa matrice d'impédance, calculée soit par méthode itérative (demi-espace), soit par le code éléments de frontière MISSAXI (milieu semi-infini stratifié)
Kabongo, Luis. "Simulation et optimisation de trajectoires pour les ultrasons focalisés en thermothérapie." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13526.
Full textEslami, Javad. "Étude de l'endommagement à court et long terme d'une roche poreuse." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL006N/document.
Full textAmong the different phenomena responsible for the short and long term deformation of porous rocks, we have studied in this work the damage of an oolithic limestone in the semi-brittle regime and under different hydrous conditions. For this purpose, we have developed an experimental device allowing the simultaneous and continuous measurement of strains and elastic wave velocities, as well as acoustic emissions, on the same sample under mechanical loading and under different hydrous conditions. Particularly, the experimental setup allows simultaneous and continuous measurement of the five elastic wave velocities in 3 different directions of propagation (axial, lateral and off-axis) and 3 different directions of polarization (P and 2 perpendicular S), this almost instantaneously. These velocity measurements allow to assess the acoustic tensor at any time and thus to continuously monitor the evolution of the damage of the rock. The short and long term damage behavior of the limestone is modelled thanks to a phenomenological model which is based on a macroscopic generalization of the microscopic mechanisms highlighted by the experimental study (sliding-opening of existing cracks, nucleation of new cracks, propagation and coalescence of cracks). The short-term model reproduces very well the instantaneous behavior (stress-strain curves and evolution of elastic moduli). The long-term model, whose formulation is uncoupled from the short-term model, allows reproducing qualitatively the experimental creep curves
Abdeh, Rami Al. "Étude des vibrations induites dans le sol par le battage et le vibrofonçage de pieux." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Abdeh.pdf.
Full textTaleb, Nezha. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire du comportement élastique et vibrationnel des roches sous pression : cas du carbonate de calcium et de la strontianite." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10029/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to study the structural, mechanical and vibrational properties of calcium carbonate and strantianite. These two rocks belong to the carbonate family and they are abandonment in the earth 's crust. They are subject to geological constraints that expose them to high pressures, which may reach several GPa. It is then interesting to predict their behaviour in these extreme cases by studying the evolution of their elastic properties as a function of pressure. To do this we have used the molecular dynamics method based on knowledge of an appropriate potential. The physical quantities used to characterize the behaviour of these two kinds of rocks are: the elastic wave velocities, the vibrational modes of phonons and the variation of enthalpy. For CaCO3 the potential parameters employed allow us to evaluate ail mechanical properties. The obtained values are in good agreement with experimental results for aragonite and post-aragonite phases. The variation of the enthalpy as a function of pressure has shown that the post-aragonite phase was stable for pressures above 35 GPa. ln addition to the enthalpy, the structural phase transition from aragonite to post-aragonite phase is confirmed by further results. These latter are the variation of the transversal wave velocities and the variation of trequency of the soft mode, which shows a abrupt jump at the transition pressure. For the SrCO3 we have followed the same procedure as for CaCO
Grondin, Julien. "Evaluation ultrasonore de l'os cortical en transmission transverse : étude numérique et expérimentale de la propagation d'ondes circonférentielles pour la caractérisation de la résistance mécanique du col fémoral." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556023.
Full textHandeme, Nguema Igondjo My Mirabelle. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du comportement de la technologie RFID dans la gamme de fréquences UHF-SHF en environnement semi-confiné : application au cas des véhicules de transport terrestres." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10087/document.
Full textThe RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology which allows communication between a tag and a reader by using radio waves. A tag is called “passive” when it uses the received energy supplied by the reader without using any battery. Many industrial domains are covered by this technology. From statistical datas, 13% of industrial applications belong to the transportation domain. In our case, the objective is to study theoretically and experimentally the behavior of passive UHF RFID tags located inside terrestrial vehicles. The targeted application is an intelligent maintenance and repair system which is able to provide the health of a vehicle that returns back on a storage area. The choice has been made to use only one UHF RFDI reader fixed outside of the monitored vehicles in order to minimize the total cost of the system. The theoretical study has been performed using a modelling tool developed internally (SIMUEM3D) and based on what we call the “Modified Geometrical Optics (MGO)”. Measurements of the attenuation of a sinusoidal signal (CW) and of the reading rate have been carried out in two kinds of vehicles : a cargo van and a passenger car. The numerical model has been calibrated with those measurements. Parametrical studies have been done dealing on the reader location, the vehicle speed and spatial diversity. Installation recommendations are given in order to guide the use of such a maintenance and detections system inside utility cars, tourism cars or even buses
Dessandier, David. "Étude du milieu poreux et des propriétés de transfert des fluides du tuffeau blanc de Touraine : application à la durabilité des pierres en oeuvre." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR4006.
Full textHuret, Fabrice. "Étude comparative de l'approche dans le domaine spectral et de la méthode des équations intégrales supérieures pour la simulation des lignes planaires en technologie monolithique microonde." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10137.
Full textLe travail entrepris a consisté à introduire une nouvelle formulation basée sur l'utilisation de développements asymptotiques. Cette modification a ainsi permis de rendre plus efficace, d'un point de vue numérique, cette méthode de simulation des phénomènes de propagation apparaissant dans les lignes planaires. Dans une deuxième partie, l'auteur décrit la démarche utilisée lors de la mise en œuvre de l'autre méthode numérique: la méthode des Equations Intégrales Singulières. Une troisième partie, définit de manière comparative les qualités respectives de ces deux approches afin de déterminer le spectre de modes, le plus complet possible, de part et d'autre de la discontinuité. Cette étude comparative a, d'autre part, permis de mettre en valeur des solutions particulières du problèmes de propagation, à savoir les modes complexes. L'auteur a recherché l'influence des pertes diélectriques sur le comportement de ces solutions. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, l'auteur dégage les axes essentiels de recherche pour les années futures
Saïd, Didier. "Étude théorique et numérique des vibrations de structures soumises à des chocs pyrotechniques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0020.
Full textBen, Jemaa Ahmed. "Une ingénierie didactique fondée sur une démarche d'investigation avec simulation pour enseigner les ondes mécaniques au lycée." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0100/document.
Full textThe thesis begin with a report, Based on a review of the literature, about the difficulties of the pupils and the students in relation to the concept wave. This report is strengthened by our empirical study in master's degree. The objective of our work is to build, and to make out to test, a didactic engineering based on an investigation so proposing an education differ from the custom resting on an IT simulation. After an introduction of the principles and the interest of the didactic engineering, our work is organized in four parts.The first one contains an epistemological analysis and a historic of the concept of wave, where our results show the emergence and the perseverance of the obstacle substantialist. Then, an analysis of the sessions of ordinary education of the concept of wave is realized within the framework of the theory of the joint action in didactics. This analysis highlights the nature of the practices in this Tunisian terminal classes of high school and shows the limits of such an teaching, as we consider transmissif. The cognitive analysis of the key concepts (vibration velocity and wave front) allows to support our report on the difficulties met by pupils. An analysis of the field of constraints closes this first part. The second part consists in justifying choices made to develop an educational scenario based on a situation of type PCDR's inquiry, constituted of four moments: forecast, Confrontation, Resolution and discussion. The third part is reserved on one hand, in the detailed description of the methodology of search and its various levels of analysis and, on the other hand, in an analysis a priori of the practical session of teaching of type PCDR. To finish, the fourth part proposes an analysis of the activities led during the session on the waves in a suburban high school of Tunis and an evaluation of the educational scenario. The obtained results are satisfactory with regard to compared with our waits. Indeed, the discussions of the pupils translate a real interest to solve certain situations of proposed inquiry. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of the post-test shows that the session of teaching with approch by PCDR contributed to the improvement of the number of the correct answers of the pupils and their ways of reasoning
Ahfir, Nasre-dine. "Étude des mécanismes de transport et la cinétique de dépôt des particules en suspension dans un milieu poreux saturé." Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0017.
Full textThe present work is devoted to the experimental study of the transport and deposition of suspended particles in saturated porous media. Suspended particles are involved in various problems related to the hydraulics works, the exploitation of the natural resources such as water supply and oil production. Owing to their fast transport in subsurface water, suspended particles serve as carrier for contaminants or clog the porous medium by their deposition. Two types of suspended particles were used in this study: natural particles (silt) and artificial particles characterised by a density closer to that of water (polyamide). Mixtures of suspended particles/dissolved conservative tracer (fluorescein) pulse injections were performed in laboratory columns in-filled with gravel or glass beads. The breakthrough curves were well described by the analytical solution of the advection–dispersion equation with a first-order deposition rate and then the hydro-dispersive parameters were deduced. The flow rate, the internal structure and the length of the porous media (scale effect), the size and the density of the suspended particles are among the studied factors. The size exclusion effect was highlighted. The longitudinal dispersion increases with the mean pore velocity and is described with a nonlinear relationship. Also, dispersivity increases with the column length. The recovery rate of the suspended particles is higher in the glass beads medium, even if its porosity is lower than that of gravel medium; and depends on the flow rate, the suspended particles size and density. The deposition rate showed an unexpected behaviour; it increases with the flow rate until a critical velocity then decreases. This critical velocity changes with the porous media length and the suspended particles density. Geometrical and hydrodynamic effects influence the transport and the deposition behaviour of the suspended particles
Sy, Kombossé. "Étude et développement de méthodes de caractérisation de défauts basées sur les reconstructions ultrasonores TFM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS040/document.
Full textIn non-destructive testing, with a view to improving defect images but also to simplify their interpretation by non-specialized operators,new ultrasonic imaging methods such as TFM imaging (Total Focusing Method ) have appeared for some years as an alternative to conventional imaging methods. They offer realistic images of defects and allow from the same acquisition to have a large number of images each that can carry different and complementary information on the characteristics of the same defect. When properly selected, these images are easier to analyze, they present less risk of misinterpretation and allow to consider faster fault characterizations by less specialized operators.However, for an industrial operation, it remains necessary to strengthen the robustness and ease of implementation of these imaging techniques. All the work carried out during the thesis allowed to develop new tools to improve the characterization of defects by TFM imaging techniques in terms of position,orientation and sizing
Razafimahatratra, Solofo Miharisoa Sarobidy. "Contribution au dimensionnement d'une liaison radio sur le corps humain : étude canal et antenne à 60 GHz." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066544/document.
Full textThe 60 GHz-band is interesting for BAN applications mainly for less interference than at microwave frequencies, further antenna miniaturization, wide available band adapted to low energy consumption communication. Nevertheless, the high attenuation at this frequency and the body influence on the propagation enhance the link budget. The design of a reliable and effective communications between nodes on body or for off-body links at 60 GHz is a real challenge. It requires a detailed analysis of the communication channel. For that, a planar antenna was designed and used for channel measurements on body. The on-body measurements show that short-distance and LOS (Line Of Sight) links are possible. The other links with high attenuation could be recovered by applying multi-hop routing techniques. In addition, the dynamics of the body is taken into account by statistical channel measurement on-body at 60 GHz and off-body at two frequencies, 60 GHz and 4 GHz. For the considered off-body scenarios, by taking into account transmission power standards and receiver sensitivity, regarding low power consumption receivers in the literature, the outage probability at 60 GHz is always lower than 8 % whereas that at 4 GHz is lower than 15 %. In the channel consideration, difficulties arise to separate the antenna from the channel (de-embedding) because of the strong influence of the body presence on antenna parameters. A theoretical approach based on the complex images method has been presented to compare two canonical antennas on the body in terms of efficiency and link budget. This result is useful to estimate the energy consumption and to choose antennas for BANs
Mhanna, Mohannad. "Analyse des vibrations induites par le trafic routier et étude de l’efficacité des systèmes de réduction de ces vibrations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10055/document.
Full textTraffic induced Vibrations, especially by buses and heavy vehicles are a major concern in urban areas. The study of traffic vibrations is complex because it requires taking into account several aspects such as: vehicle modeling, the interaction between the vehicle and the road pavement and the wave propagation in free field or in a neighboring structure. The present work aims to study the vibrations induced by traffic in order to estimate their impact on the environment. The study was conducted by a three-dimensional numerical modeling in finite differences. The proposed model takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle, the interaction between the vehicle and the various types of road pavement and the vehicle speed. This model is validated by in situ measurements. In addition, we present measurements realized in cooperation with CETE North Picardy on an isolation method. The effectiveness of various isolation devices usually studied in the literature is analyzed. These devices include the trench barriers, the heavy surface blocks and the wave impeding blocks (WIBs)
Biancheri-Astier, Marc. "Étude et modélisation des performances du radar bistatique EISS conçu et développé pour le sondage profond des sous-sols planétaires." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667559.
Full textAkarid, Ahmed. "Étude numérique et expérimentale de la diffraction en géométrie conique de réseaux optiques aux longueurs d’ondes X et UV." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS327.
Full textThe conical geometry of optical grating diffraction has been suggested and studied, in the last 10 years, for cutting edge applications in the VUV and X-ray domains, due to its specific properties such as: absence of screen inside the grating grooves at grazing incidence, low angular dispersion which limits the temporal spread of short pulses, very high diffraction efficiencies. It has been accepted as the first choice technology for VUV short pulses monochromatization. It is also one of the two options selected by NASA, for the grating spectrograph of the future X-ray Observatory of the Lynx mission. This thesis reports our contribution to the development of numerical methods in order to model the effects of diffraction by optical gratings in this still little studied geometry. This study is made more complex by an inherent coupling between the two fundamental polarization modes. From the numerical aspect, it requires performing “vectorial” computations, whereas, in a classical diffraction geometry, scalar computations are sufficient. Our work is based on numerical methods already developed for modeling optical diffraction by periodic structures in the framework of classical geometry. These methods are using on the differential theory, whose main concept is propagating a set of plane waves throughout the modulated area. We use the differential method together with an algorithm of reflectivity matrix propagation. It overcomes some of the convergence issues. In the theoretical part of this work, reflectivity matrix algorithms are extended to the case of oblique geometry. On these theoretical grounds, we developed a computation code, named COROX, which can be applied in any geometry. A number of typical grating cases have been studied, both in the conical and of le classical one. The output is not only the diffraction efficiencies, but also the polarization properties (Stokes parameters, Müller matrix), as well as the spectral phases. Interesting properties have been noticed, such as the presence of a non-negligible circularly polarized component diffracted from a lamellar grating when the incident wave is linearly polarized at 45° from the grating plane. The spectral phase behavior is also a significant data for an eventual shape tayloring of ultrashort pulses. Diffraction efficiency measurements have been performed on the Metrology beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL, using a 150 lines/mm blazed grating as a test object. A reasonable agreement between measured and computed efficiencies has been obtained, provided that the rather high roughness of this grating is taken into account