Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ondes ultrasonores guidées'
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Ke, Weina. "Simulation 3D de la génération et de la réception d'ondes guidées : application à la détection de défauts dans des structures composites." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13805/document.
Full textThe Non Destructive Testing (NDT) of materials is rapidly expanding in the fields of aeronautics aerospace, transportation, and so on. Guided ultrasonic waves are a powerful means for the implementation o the NDT because they can spread over large distances while interviewing through structures. The use of air coupled transducer allows both non-contact NDT and non-disassembly of tested parts. This thesis is mainly about three-dimensional finite element modelling, and an ultrasonic NDT system based on guided waves. The model takes into account the finite size transducers, the angle of beam diffraction in all directions, anisotropy viscoelasticity and heterogeneity of materials. The numerical predictions are systematically compared with experimental measurements. Three specimens have been studied with success: an aluminium plate with a hole glass-fibre plate with an impact damage, a high pressure tank provided by ASTRIUM with a disbonding defec between the liner titanium layer and wound carbon - fibre
Leleux, Alban. "Contrôle non destructif de composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées, générées et détectées par multiéléments." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14623/document.
Full textA technique of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) was developed for the generation and detection of Lamb waves propagating along large plates made of different materials (metal, polymer or fibre-reinforced composite). Based on the use of many elements closely coupled to the plate, this inspection technique differs from the classic Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) because all the transmitters or receivers are grouped in a very localized area, defined by the active surface of a phased array matrix probe, and are not permanently attached and distributed within or on the surface of the test structure. In addition, the principle (known) of the phase shift between the elements is applied to the probe for generating and receiving a pure Lamb mode in (or from) multiple directions along the plate. The delay laws applied to these elements, in transmit mode or receive mode, take into account the dispersive nature of the Lamb wave. Finally, a specific signal processing is applied to compensate the dispersion suffered by the guided waves during their propagation along the test piece. An experimental prototype and its finite element modeling are presented, as well as measurements and simulation results of its performances in terms of modal selectivity and angular directivity. For NDT applications, the construction of images, representing all parts of the test piece, which diffract the guided mode (edges, defects, holes, stiffeners, etc.), has demonstrated the potential (and some limits) of this technique for a quick inspection of large structures, including areas remote from the probe or areas difficult to access
Bilodeau, Maxime. "Étude paramétrique de la propagation d'ondes ultrasonores guidées dans les structures aéronautiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8874.
Full textBakkali, Mohammed Marouane El. "Modélisation des contrôles non-destructifs par ondes ultrasonores guidées. Application aux contrôles de canalisations." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0004/document.
Full textThe thesis is in the framework of developments made at CEA LIST of a module of the CIVA platform to simulate nondestructive testing (NDT) by ultrasonic guided waves; it is dedicated to the development and the validation of models simulating the examination of pipelines and is focussed on the case of pipeline comprising one or several elbows. To predict effects due to the curvature on guided waves, an extension in curvilinear coordinates of the semi-analytic finite element method is worked out to compute modes propagating in an elbow, by solving an eigen system restricted to the guide section. This development allows us to better understand effects due to the curvature such as displacement field distortions or cut-off frequencies splits. The scattering of waves at the junction between a straight tube and an elbow is then computed by means of the mode-matching method, leading to the modal scattering matrix of the junction; matrix elements are obtained by numerical evaluation of integrals over the junction surface. Local scattering matrices are finally combined to propagation matrices to account for the presence of several scatterers in the pipeline, to form a global scattering matrix. Its minimal computation cost allows us to study the influence of the parameters of the testing configuration and to optimize them. Models are validated by comparing their predictions to numerical and experimental results of the literature and to measurements made at CETIM on industrial mock-ups. Integrated in the platform CIVA, the developed models extend the capabilities of the guided wave NDT module
Lourme, Hugues. "Etude des assemblages collés par ondes guidées ultrasonores : étude expérimentale et modélisation par éléments finis." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13902/document.
Full textAbstract
Bouchakour, Omar. "Contrôle-santé structurel passif à ondes guidées, basé sur des réseaux de capteurs ultrasonores désynchronisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPHF0004.
Full textThe evolution of structural health monitoring (SHM) in recent years has witnessed the emergence of independent sensor networks with limited material resources. However, the signals recorded by these sensors for passive imaging can exhibit desynchronizations that make it difficult to locate damage in the inspected structure. Although the peak correlation technique (PCT), based on the symmetry of noise correlation functions, can be applied to correct these offsets, achieving perfect synchronization is challenging in the presence of electronic noise and/or reconstruction of the Green's function. In this manuscript, a study of the behavior of residual errors associated with imperfect resynchronization, as a function of the statistical parameters of noise, is conducted. Then, the degradation of the contrast of defect localization images is quantified as a function of the standard deviation of these resynchronization errors. Subsequently, a process based on the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inversion is developed to minimize these errors and improve the quality of the localization images. This study is then extended to the case of defect localization with anisotropic scattering. Finally, a feasibility study is carried out on a network of wireless communicating sensors
Despres, Clément. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées sans contact et avec accès unilatéral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0339.
Full textThis thesis project is motivated by a strong industrial demand for a non-destructive, contact-less process, with single-sided access to samples and relatively easy to implement, to quantify elastic moduli and thickness of materials, particularly of composites (fibrous materials, bonded assemblies). The work carried out led to the design and development of a pair of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, dedicated to the simultaneous generation and detection of guided waves along composite plates. The dependence of the wavenumber of guided modes on the elastic moduli of the material constituting all or part of the guide, as well as on its thickness, was first studied using a model that predicts the sensitivity of Lamb wave mode wavenumbers to the material's properties. This allowed for the identification of the target modes that carry the most information about the desired properties, i.e., stiffness and/or thickness, with the density being systematically assumed to be known in the chosen approach. This knowledge, combined with a series of numerical simulations mimicking the experimental process, served as a basis for designing the most suitable ultrasonic transducers for the generation and detection of the relevant modes. More specifically, the optimal shape, size, and angular aperture of the transducers were thus defined. The transducers were then manufactured and characterized (measuring their frequency bandwidth and angular spectrum). Their first use involved simultaneously generating and detecting five Lamb modes along a Plexiglas plate (isotropic with known properties). The measured ultrasonic signals were processed to extract the wavenumbers of the propagated modes within a frequency range of a few hundred kHz. These experimental data were then used to solve an inverse problem aimed at determining the elastic moduli and thickness of the plate. Several optimization algorithms were tested, and the most efficient one (fast and robust with respect to the initial values chosen) was selected. The stiffness moduli and thickness of the Plexiglas plate were successfully recovered. Next, the process was tested for two composite assemblies: a stratified plate made up of unidirectional carbon epoxy and an aluminum/adhesive/aluminum tri-layer assembly. In the first case, six elastic moduli were evaluated from measurements of three or four Lamb modes propagating along two directions. For the second assembly, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as well as the thickness of the adhesive were estimated, assuming the characteristics of both aluminum substrates were known. All the optimized values have been validated by characterization made with existing, robust processes, but operating in immersion and requiring through-transmission
Mohamed, Ramy. "Éléments spectraux pour les ondes ultrasonores guidées. Formulation, analyse de la dispersion et résultats de simulation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5850.
Full textMoreau, Ludovic. "Simulation de la diffraction d'ondes guidées ultrasonores par des défauts dans des plaques." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13543.
Full textStévenin, Mathilde. "Rayonnement des ondes ultrasonores guidées dans une structure mince et finie, métallique ou composite, en vue de son contrôle non-destructif." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0037/document.
Full textDifferent models are developed to provide generic tools for simulating nondestructive methods relying on elastic guided waves applied to metallic or composite plates. Various inspection methods of these structures exist or are under study. Most of them make use of ultrasonic sources of finite size; all are sensitive to reflection phenomena resulting from the finite size of the monitored objects. The developed models deal with transducer diffraction effects and edge reflection. As the interpretation of signals measured in guided wave inspection often uses the concept of modes, the models themselves are explicitly modal. The case of isotropic plates (metal) and anisotropic (multilayer composites) are considered; a general approach under the stationary phase approximation allows us to consider all the cases of interest. For the first, the validity of a Fraunhofer-like approximation leads to a very efficient computation of the direct and reflected fields radiated by a source. For the second, special attention is paid to the treatment of caustics. The stationary phase approximation being difficult to generalize, a model (so-called “pencil model”) of more geometrical nature is proposed with a high degree of genericity. It chains terms of isotropic or anisotropic propagation and terms of interaction with a boundary. The equivalence of the stationary phase approximation and the pencil model is demonstrated in the case of the radiation and reflection in an isotropic plate, for which an experimental validation is proceeded
Aouini, Marwen. "Système intelligent utilisant les ondes ultrasonores guidées et le forage de données en vue de la maintenance prédictive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0228.
Full textIn the Industry 4.0 era, predictive maintenance and internet-of-things are gaining ground. This kind of maintenance does not include yet structural health monitoring (SHM) by guided ultrasonic waves (UGW) in particular. The final objective of the thesis is to develop a tool to enhance this type of maintenance. SHM is an emerging approach that allows continuous monitoring of the structural health of a given structure. It is generally done in three main steps: data acquisition, defect detection and localization (diagnosis) and estimation of the residual life (prognosis). The first step requires the use of non-destructive testing systems such as that of UGW in this thesis. However, these systems were designed to perform spot checks and require the intervention of qualified operators. In this thesis, a system of generation and acquisition of UGW data, allowing among other things to connect the structure to be monitored to a cellular network, has been developed. This allows the construction of databases (which can be heterogeneous) in an automatic and low-cost way. Moreover, a particular attention was paid to the optimization of its power supply to guarantee the most autonomy possible. The second step consists in exploiting these data in order to detect the defect and to localize it. Three approaches have been proposed, depending on the required computing power and the degree of non-stationarity of the data (i.e. due to the instability of the environment of the structure and of the said measurement system). All three approaches are based on the novelty detection technique. In the case where a defect is detected, prediction algorithms of its evolution in time can be used to estimate the residual life of the structure, which is the last monitoring step. Here, a methodology based on a hybrid algorithm, using the empirical mode decomposition technique and an integrated moving average autoregressive model, has been developed. The results obtained on laboratory and in-situ structures show the relevance of the proposed monitoring methodology. Nevertheless, further work is needed to improve the technological maturation of the developed system
Serey, Valentin. "Sélectivité modale d'ondes ultrasonores dans des guides d'ondes de section finie à l'aide d'éléments piézoélectriques intégrés pour le SHM." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0403/document.
Full textSHM systems (Structural Health Monitoring) based on ultrasonic guided waves propagation are used for large structures, e.g. in Aerospace or Civil Engineering. Lamb or SH waves are usually employed as they propagate over long distances in plate-like structures while probing the entire thickness. However less conventional modes propagate in wave guides with finite crosssection,such as bars, rails or pipes. The number of modes can be very high even at low frequencyin this type of guide, and it is important to carefully select a specific mode. Current methods for modal selectivity, based on the use of several emitters, usually consider identical PZT elements(same sensitivity, same frequency response, etc.) and do not account for real experimental conditions and possible differences (variable coupling between transducers, flawed alignment,variable electronic response, etc.). This work presents a global methodology for modal selectivity in waveguides with finite cross-section, using several piezoelectric elements attached to their surface. This selectivity is based on experimental measurements, with a 3D laser vibrometer,of the amplitudes of the modes generated by each emitter. An optimization process allows to inverse the problem in order to maximize the amplitude of the desired mode, then generated by exciting all the emitters at once. This process requires knowing dispersion curves as well as the displacements of the various modes, calculated with SAFE 2D method. The methodology is tested through numerical simulations and experiments on an aluminium rectangular bar instrumented with 8 PZT elements on top. The method efficiency to generate different pure modes,and to detect and locate calibrated defects, is demonstrated for the aluminium bar. Its potential for SHM application of more complex structures is studied, like a rail or an adhesively bonded composite structure
Masmoudi, Mohamed. "Modélisation de la propagation d'ondes guidées, générées et détectées par transducteurs ultrasonores à couplage air : Application au CND de structures aéronautiques composites." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14483/document.
Full textNon-destructive testing (NDT) using guided waves generated and detected by air-coupled ultrasonic transducers have two main advantages. First, this non-contact technique without coupled medium allows obvious convenience of use. Moreover, the ability of guided waves to carry information about medium quality over long distance. In this context, a numerical model has been developed, which takes into account many parameters of the control system. In order to reduce the number of degrees of freedom, a hybrid model has been developed which consists of a combination between an analytical model, based on the Kirchhoff integral for the propagation of ultrasound in air and a finite element model for the propagation of guided waves in the material. The measured characteristics (efficiency and sensitivity) of two air-coupled transducers allow the prediction of the accurate values of the pressure of bulk waves generated in air and the measurement of the pressure of the radiated field in air by guided waves propagating in a structure. This process enables the comparison between predicted and measured guided waves modes. Based on the hybrid model, an optimization of the parameters of the control system (angle, frequency, diameter, direction of propagation, near and far field) was performed to improve the purity of guided modes along the material plate. To validate some numerical predictions, an aircoupled ultrasonic transducer is used and oriented at a specific angle chosen for generating one specific Lambmode guided along a composite plate sample, and a laser probe measures the normal velocity at different locations on the surface of the plate. Then, the interaction of ultrasonic guided waves with delamination in acomposite plate was studied. In particular, the sensitivity of the two fundamental modes A0 and S0 was analyzed in order to predict the detectability of the defect. In parallel, the inverse problem is solved and the defect size is quantified by calculating the spectrum of the reflection coefficient. Finally, the potential of air-coupled transducers to examine an aircraft structure, has been demonstrated
Taupin, Laura. "Modélisation des méthodes ultrasonores de surveillance de structures aéronautiques instrumentées en vue de leur optimisation." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/65/35/53/PDF/manuscrit_LTAUPIN.pdf.
Full textStructural health monitoring (SHM) using elastic guided waves is under study for the inspection of aircraft multilayered composite stiffened plates. Two simulation tools are developed to discuss its feasibility. The first predicts the wave propagation in the plates as a modal series by the semi-analytical finite element method (SAFE). The second tool is a hybrid computing predicting diffraction of guided waves in arbitrary incidence on a composite stiffener. The diffraction is calculated locally by finite element (FE), the global propagation by the SAFE method. The link between the two calculations is done through transparent boundaries of the FE domain avoiding artificial reflections, allowing the projection of the field in the stiffener on the modes of the plate and minimizing the FE computation domain. The tools are used in typical cases, the predictions are discussed in view of the industrial application of SHM
Taupin, Laura. "Modélisation des méthodes ultrasonores de surveillance de structures aéronautiques instrumentées en vue de leur optimisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00653553.
Full textHebaz, Salah-Eddine. "Étude numérique de la propagation des ondes guidées ultrasonores par la méthode de Galerkin discontinue : application au contrôle non-destructif dans le domaine des transports." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0020/document.
Full textThe mechanical structures used today are constantly evolving using composite or functionally gradient materials to meet the challenges of increased strength, lightening the structure and improving performance. These require adequate control of their state of health to ensure the integrity of the structure. The use of Ultrasound Guided Waves (UGW) provides an efficient and fast way of inspection over long distances. Nevertheless, these waves have some complex features that make the task very difficult. The use of analysis tools such as numerical models is a great asset for this type of application. In this context, the objective of this thesis is the development of a powerful modeling tool, allowing to study the propagation of UGWs with a great precision, less computational time and consumption of resources. Accordingly, we are interested in higher order numerical methods whose convergence properties are much improved than the classical methods. In particular, a semi-analytical discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (SADG-FE) is developped for the determination of the dispersion properties of guided waves in arbitrary cross-section waveguides. The method is applicable to plates and cylindrical structures made of isotropic, anisotropic heterogeneous (functionally graded) materials. The performance analysis of these methods and their comparisons are performed with respect to the models based on the classical finite element method. The results demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to model the propagation of ultrasounic guided waves in arbitrary section waveguides with promising performance over the conventional finite element method
El, Moussaoui Mustapha. "Évaluation non destructive de la présence d'un dépôt axisymétrique sur la paroi d'une canalisation en présence ou non d'un fluide interne." Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0004.
Full textThe interaction of the axisymmetric guided waves with an epoxy resin deposit, placed at the surface of a stainless steel tube is studied experimentally and theoretically. The results of this study enable us to locate the deposit and to evaluate its width. The experimental study is carried out from two different configurations, monostatic and bistatic. The bistatic setup implements a flexible comb transducer. The experimental results show on the one hand that the detection can be realized by reflection of the S0 Lamb wave at low frequencies (monostatic method). On the other hand, the evaluation of the deposit width can be achieved by transmission (bistatic method) from the study of the Lamb waves attenuation, in particular the S1 wave at a characteristic frequency for which the phase velocity is equal to the speed of the bulk longitudinal wave. These two waves can be also used in the presence of an internal fluid. A numerical model based on a Finite Element Method (FEM) is then implemented in order to justify the previous results and to understand the origin of this attenuation. We have also shown from the experimental results that the evaluation can be realized by the reflection of the S0 Lamb wave at low frequencies. This observation is important since, from one point of measurement, we can carry out at the same time the detection and the evaluation of the deposit width
Abdoulatuf, Antoisse. "Modélisation et simulation de la propagation d'ondes guidées dans des milieux élastiques en présence d'incertitudes : Application à la caractérisation ultrasonore." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the modeling and simulation of the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the cortical bone. Precisely, we have studied and analyzed the Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) technique for the evaluation of the quality of bone tissue. It is an emerging technique those the application to bone tissue arouses particular interest in the scientific community. Since bone tissue is a living tissue, it is subject to aging and various pathologies, such osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteoporomalacia, or the so-called Paget disease. To assist in therapeutic follow-up of the bone, monitoring of quality of bone tissue is essential. In this context, methods based on QUS technique are deemed to be interesting, due of their non-invasive, inexpensive, portable and non-ionizing characteristics. However, use the ultrasound in the context of characterization of bone tissue, requires a deep understanding of the different physical phenomena involved in their propagation. In this perspective, our work is developed in the modeling theme dedicated to the propagation of ultrasonic waves in multidimensional, heterogeneous, anisotropic waveguides, constituted of materials whose heterogeneity can be qualified as random. One of the originalities of this thesis concerns the study of the reflection and transmission coefficients and the dispersion curves in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties. In a first part, we study the reflection/transmission phenomena via a two-dimensional tri-layer model taking into account the soft tissues and the random heterogeneity of the bone tissue. We analyzed the impact of these characteristics on the reflection and transmission coefficients. A gradient of material properties is introduced, and its effect on the coefficients of interest is examined. The modal aspect of the waves is explored, by studying the dispersion of Lamb waves. The results obtained in a two-dimensional geometrical configuration made it possible to discuss the influence of the various parameters, in terms of mechanical and/or geometric properties, on the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the cortical tissue. In a second part, the proposed model is extended for a cylindrical geometric configuration. The discussion is carried out in order to analyze the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of the bone on the phenomena of propagation
Yaacoubi, Slah. "Modélisation de la propagation ultrasonore guidée en vue de CND des câbles de précontrainte." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDN0003.
Full textEl, Rammouz Hala. "Réalisation de matrices de micro-transducteurs acoustiques : application au controle santé intégré." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPHF0010.
Full textMicro-transducers networks are experiencing strong development in order to meet the require- ments of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The latter makes it possible to assess at any time the state of health of the structure while integrating a Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) system therein. Indeed, a network of micro-transducers makes it possible to acquire several signals at the same time without carrying out a mechanical scanning making it possible to characterise the structure. At the same time, the use of ultrasonic guided waves provides an e_ective tool for the characterisation of structures. However, they have complex characteristics which make the analysis of their interactions with defects complicated. For this, it is desirable to promote the propagation of a single-mode in the structure. In this context, this thesis aims to present a model of a micro- transducers matrix for the reception of guided waves in a cylindrical structure, in particular, the _exural mode F(1,1). First, the realisation and characterisation of the micro-transducer matrices are presented. The results showed their ability to operate in the frequency range (60 kHz - 70 kHz) despite its high resonant frequency. Second, the optical and electrical measurements carried out on the matrix validated its use for applications in the SHM and the NDE of cylindrical structures while generating the F(1,1) mode
Mograne, Mohamed Abderrahmane. "Viscosimétrie ultrasonore ultra large bande." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS089/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to set specific piezoelectric elements emitting longitudinal waves (L) on a well-known container in the field of biomedical and chemistry (a test tube) and to implement with some optimizations various ultrasonic methods to measure viscosities quickly, without changing the measurement bench. The measurement has to be done from a few Hz to several tens of megahertz around room temperature. Up to now it is possible to determine in a few minutes the rheological behavior of the liquid studied thanks to the evaluation of its shear viscosity. Furthermore, the viscosity range reached is extremely wide: the measurements are possible from a few tens of mPa.s to several hundred Pa.s. Finally, beyond quantitative results in terms of viscosity, the measurement bench can also be used to qualitatively monitor reactions (polymerization for example)
Foiret, Josquin. "Evaluation ultrasonore des propriétés de l'os cortical par mesure d'ondes guidées en transmission axiale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066039.
Full textThe current reference method measuring the bone quality is a measure of the bone mass using X-rays. It does, however, provide no direct information on the geometrical parameters and mechanical determinants of bone strength. The ultrasonic methods are sensitive to these two parameters because of the nature of elastic waves measured. In this work, we adopted a multi transmitters / multi receivers configuration in axial transmission. This method has the advantage of using a compact linear array dedicated to clinical measurement. A signal processing based on the singular value decomposition of the response matrix allows to measure trajectories of guided waves propagating in the cortical shell of long bones in the plane (frequency, wavenumber). Using the clinical device, an inverse procedure has been implemented and validated on phantoms of different geometries (plate, tube), different thicknesses and different materials (isotropic, anisotropic). The inversion procedure is used to determine thickness and elastic properties at the same time by comparison with a free plate model. The tools developed for the phantoms were then used for the characterization of ex vivo human radius. Thicknesses estimated on human samples are in agreement with X-rays tomography measurements. This work highlights the opportunities offered by a multiparametric approach based on the analysis of guided waves for characterizing bone
Bretagne, Alice. "Manipulation d'ondes ultrasonores en milieux complexes : filtrage, guidage et focalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00663501.
Full textSasso, Magali. "Traitement et analyse du signal ultrasonore pour la caractérisation de l'os cortical." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345631.
Full textAllouko, Amond. "Modélisation hybride modale-éléments finis pour le contrôle ultrasonore d'une plaque élastique. Traitement des intégrales oscillantes de la méthode HSM." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the Half-Space Matching (HSM) method for solving scattering problems in an unbounded elastic plate to simulate non-destructive testing of composite plates. The HSM method is a hybrid approach that couples a finite element calculation in a box containing the defects with semi-analytical representations in four half-plates covering the plate's healthy part. Semi-analytical half-plate representations involve Green tensors, expressed with Fourier integrals and modal series. However, these expressions can be challenging to evaluate in practice (cost and accuracy), making the HSM method unusable industrially. The difficulties are first analyzed in a two-dimensional scalar (acoustic) case. Two methods are proposed for an efficient evaluation of Fourier integrals : the first one uses a far-field type approximation, and the second one is based on a deformation of the integration path in the complex plane (complexification method). These two methods are validated in the isotropic and anisotropic scalar cases, where we have the exact values of the Fourier integrals expressed using Hankel functions. They are then generalized to the three-dimensional case of the elastic plate. In this case, the representation formula is obtained by performing a Fourier transform in a direction parallel to the plate, and then, for each value of the Fourier variable ξ, a modal decomposition in the thickness. The modes involved called ξ-modes, are studied in detail and compared to classical modes (Lamb and SH in the isotropic case). In order to exploit the bi-orthogonality of the ξ modes, the half-plate formula requires the knowledge of both the displacement and the normal stress on the boundary. In the isotropic case, the analytic properties of the ξ-modes make it possible to justify and extend the complexification method, including in the presence of inverse modes. This reduces the spurious effects of modal coupling induced by the discretization of Fourier integrals. The complexification method is then used to calculate the operators involved in the HSM method, which derive from the half-plate formula. Different validations of the HSM method are thus carried out in the isotropic case. Encouraging preliminary results are also obtained for an orthotropic plate. The improvements significantly reduce the calculation time and ensure higher accuracy of the HSM method, making it possible to consider its systematic exploitation in an industrial simulation framework
Van, Baarsel Tobias. "Inversion des perturbations de surface par traitement d'antenne en guide d'onde ultrasonore." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU035.
Full textIn shallow waters, the fluctuations of the water surface greatly affects the performances of underwater acoustic arrays. The goal of this thesis is to use tomography to detect, localise and estimate a travelling surface wave on the surface of an ultrasonic waveguide.The frame of this work is a small scale experiment. Two emitting and receiving arrays facing each other at each end of the waveguide create a acoustic pressure field of central frequency f=1 MHz which is projected on the basis of the eigenbeams using double beamforming performed simultaneously on the emission and on the reception. Each one of these eigenbeams is defined by four observables : the acoustic travel-time, the amplitude of the signal and the emitting and receiving angles. The Sensitivity Kernel (SK) approach allows to link the acoustic observables with the local displacement of the surface.The Bayesian inversion of the SK allows to accurately monitor and estimate the propagation and decay of a wave caused by a point excitation of the surface of the waveguide. Different energies of excitations are used, generating gravity-capillary waves of heights ranging from 0.01 mm to 1 mm. Optical measurements validate the estimation of the water displacement height
Sasso, Magali. "Traitement et analyse du signal ultrasonore pour la caractérisation de l'os cortical." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0009.
Full textThis work deals with the ultrasonic characterization of cortical bone. In a first part, the signals acquired with a 1-MHz axial transmission device are analyzed. A later contribution occuring after the first arriving signal is studied after the application of a wave separation procedure. This contribution is shown to be of interest for the ultrasonic characterization of cortical bone. Indeed, experiments performed in vitro on human radii show that this contribution is associated with a flexural wave guided which is dependent on the cortical thickness. In addition, this contribution has a lower frequency content than the first arriving signal and is associated with a different propagation mode. Therefore, a more thorough analysis of the ultrasonic signals enables a multi-modal/multi-frequency approach. In a second part, the ultrasonic attenuation is evaluated in an in vitro experimental study on bovine cortical bone samples. Ultrasonic attenuation is shown to be dependent on bone properties and micro-structure. Furthermore, this parameter seems to be more sensitive than the longitudinal wave velocity to bone parameters. Attenuation, in combination with ultrasonic wave velocity, is of interest and may provide a more comprehensive characterization of cortical bone
Krishna, Aditya. "Topological Imaging of Tubular Structures using Ultrasonic guided waves." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0111.
Full textTubular structures are widely used in a variety of industries such as Aerospace, Oil and Gas, Nuclear, etc. Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of these structures plays a crucial role during it’s life cycle. In order to test large structures with limited accessibility, guided wave testing was developed as a viable solution. Due to the nature of these waves, they are able to propagate over large distances without losing much of their energy. However, they are also complex in that their velocity is frequency dependent i.e. they are dispersive. Conventionally, guided wave testing require costly finite element simulations. This thesis offers an alternative to such simulations with a quick and robust method to simulate guided wave propagation in tubular structures.Based on these calculations, the aim of this work is to obtain the 3d topological image of multilayered isotropic tubular structures using ultrasonic guided waves to locate defects. A mathematical model has been proposed where the wave equation is converted to an ordinary differential equation with respect to radius 'r' using the Fourier and Laplace transforms for the spatial and temporal variables respectively. The partial wave solution, expressed as a combination of Bessel’s functions, allows for the creation of a fast robust semi-analytical algorithm to compute the Green function in tubular structures. A model to approximate numerical defects is then developed. The defect response is considered as the cumulative response of secondary sources, aiming to negate the incident and diffracted stress field present within it. Next, the numerical model is validated with experimental measurements.Finally, the technique of Topological Imaging is introduced. This method of imaging is based on the idea of performing a correlation between two wave fields for defect localization. The versatility and flexibility of the numerical tool in conjunction with the method of imaging is then successfully demonstrated by localising and imaging a multitude of numerical and experimental defects with dimensions as low as 1=40th of the wavelength
Hafidi, Alaoui Hamza. "Imagerie topologique ultrasonore des milieux périodiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0388/document.
Full textThe detection, localization and monitoring of the evolution of defects in periodic media and waveguides is a major issue in the field of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Wave propagation in such media is complex, for example when the velocity depends on the frequency (dispersion) or direction of propagation (anisotropy). The signature of the defect can also be "embedded" in the acoustic field reflected by the structure (reverberation or multiple diffusion). It is to answer these stakes of the size that the Topological Optimization (TO) has been adapted to the problems of diffraction of the acoustic waves by infinitesimal defects in order to obtain reflectivity images of the inspected media. The method can be applied to all kinds of media, regardless of their complexity, provided an exact simulation of the wave propagation in a reference medium (without defects) is performed. Inspired by the TO, the work of this thesis proposes to implement qualitative imaging methods adapted to the specificities of Phononic Crystals (PC) and waveguides. First, we focus on the description of the mathematical formalism of Topological Optimization and Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). Although these methods do not try to solve the same inverse problems, we highlight their similarities. In a second step, we apply Topological Imaging (TI) to the inspection in pulse-echo configuration of weakly heterogeneous media. Thirdly, we draw inspiration from TI to define a new variant of this method called Hybrid Topological Imaging (HTI).We apply these methods for the pulse-echo configuration inspection of PCs created by steel rods immersed in water.We compare the performance of these methods according to the kind of defects in the PC. Numerical simulations for some case studies are supported by conclusive experimental trials. In a fourth step, we adapt the TI to a pitch-catch configuration in order to implement a new method of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of waveguides. In this regard, we have developed a new imaging method that is better suited than TI to pitch-catch configurations
Danthez, Jean-Michel. "Réponse spatio-temporelle d'un guide cylindrique solide à un faisceau ultrasonore : application à la mesure des tensions résiduelles de serrage dans les assemblages boulonnés." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10535.
Full textMora, Pierric. "Réponse élastodynamique d'une plaque stratifiée anisotrope : approches comparées. : Vers le développement de méthodes hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0382/document.
Full textThis work adresses the direct problem of the propagation of an elastodynamic field radiated by a source in an anisotropic layered medium. Applications concern non destructive evaluation of composite plates by ultrasonic guided waves. In the lower frequencies, these materials can be modeled as homogeneous, anisotropic and dissipative media. Two causal approaches are studied and developped to solve the wave equation, and their interest is discussed regarding to the widely used harmonic modal method. One of these methods is modal, and is formulated directly in the time domain. It allows to deal easily with anisotropy, even in 3D ; however it also suffers classical shortcomings such as the high cost of the unestablished regime or the difficulty to deal with open waveguides. The other method is a formulation of the so-called partial-waves method in the Laplace domain. Its attractiveness relies in its versatility and in the fact that computational costs can be very acceptable. In a second time, we consider using both methods to solve problems of diffraction by defects. A boundary element method based on the partial-waves approach is developped and leads to solve very efficiently the case of a planar defect. The possibility of treating more general defects is briefly discussed
Nauleau, Pierre. "Vers la mesure d'ondes circonférentielles guidées par la coque corticale du col du fémur." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931778.
Full textHamitouche, Zahia. "Études expérimentales et numériques de la propagation dans des guides d'onde à section linéairement variable." Le Havre, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LEHA0003.
Full textThe aim of this work is to provide the experimental and numerical results on the behaviour of a Lamb wave in duraluminium elastic waveguides. These waveguides include an area of linearly varying section, located between two areas of constant thickness of 2 mm and 5 mm. These waveguides are only differing by the slope of their varying section domain. Several phenomena were observed : the adiabaticity of the Lamb modes in the area of varying section, the reflexion of an incident Lamb mode when it reaches its thickness cut-off in the varying section area and its transmission outside this zone by tunnel effect. The experimental and numerical results obtained show the existence of adiabatic waves in all the studied guides. In particular, the amplitude of normal displacements of the adiabatic S0 mode on the plane surface varies according to the thickness and shows a number of resonances located in this zone. The number and the positions of resonances are strongly depending of the varying section slope. If the same mode is propagated towards the decreasing thicknesses in a waveguide of strong slope, a transmission of this incident wave is observed at the end of the varying section domain into other modes. When the Lamb modes having cut-off are propagated towards the decreasing thicknesses, a reflexion at their thickness cut-off is observed. Nevertheless, a small part of their energy is transmitted by tunnel effect into other Lamb modes in the thinner part of the waveguide. The energy of the transmitted modes have been measured and represents a maximum of 2% of the energy of the incident mode. In addition, the varying section area shows a phenomenon of frequency filtering for the Lamb modes having cut-off. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results. The numerical study allowed the obtention of a reliable predictive model and helped to highlight the physical meaning of the observed phenomenon
Kwiecinski, Wojciech. "Ultrasound cardiac therapy guided by elastography and ultrafast imaging." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066131/document.
Full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) affects 2-3% of the European and North-American population, whereas ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) is related to an important risk of sudden death. AF and VT originate from dysfunctional electrical activity in cardiac tissues. Minimally-invasive approaches such as Radio-Frequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) have revolutionized the treatment of these diseases; however the success rate of RFCA is currently limited by the lack of monitoring techniques to precisely control the extent of thermally ablated tissue.The aim of this thesis is to propose novel ultrasound-based approaches for minimally invasive cardiac ablation under guidance of ultrasound imaging. For this, first, we validated the accuracy and clinical viability of Shear-Wave Elastography (SWE) as a real-time quantitative imaging modality for thermal ablation monitoring in vivo. Second we implemented SWE on an intracardiac transducer and validated the feasibility of evaluating thermal ablation in vitro and in vivo on beating hearts of a large animal model. Third, a dual-mode intracardiac transducer was developed to perform both ultrasound therapy and imaging with the same elements, on the same device. SWE-controlled High-Intensity-Focused-Ultrasound thermal lesions were successfully performed in vivo in the atria and the ventricles of a large animal model. At last, SWE was implemented on a transesophageal ultrasound imaging and therapy device and the feasibility of transesophageal approach was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. These novel approaches may lead to new clinical devices for a safer and controlled treatment of a wide variety of cardiac arrhythmias and diseases
Vincent, Alexandre. "Étude et conception de capteurs à ultrasons pour l'évaluation non invasive de la ventilation pulmonaire chez l'homme." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112045.
Full textCe travail comprend trois parties: La conception de nouveaux capteurs utilisant la propagation des ultrasons et permettant la mesure statique et dynamique des différentes dimensions du système ventilatoire chez l'homme; le choix des variables composites pertinentes permettant de déterminer les volumes pulmonaires avec une précision suffisante grâce à une modélisation du caisson respiratoire; l'automatisation du traitement des données cliniques obtenues en parallèle à partir d'une spirométrie directe, de capteurs périmétriques, surfaciques et des nouveaux capteurs à ultrasons. Dans la première partie nous avons choisi la fréquence de résonance de l'onde ultrasonore en faisant un compromis entre une longueur d'onde assez courte pour garder une bonne résolution et assez longue pour satisfaire la profondeur de pénétration qui permet à l'onde de traverser le parenchyme pulmonaire. Nous avons montré également la propagation d'une onde de volume guidée par les tissus superficiels qui permet de mesurer des cordes ou fractions de périmètre thoracique ou abdominal. Le modèle géométrique précise les rôles respectifs des deux compartiments dans la respiration et permet de mieux comprendre l'influence des changements de géométrie du système ventilatoire sur les coefficients de calibration. Nous montrons enfin que les mouvements ventilatoires ne comportent pas seulement des dilatations transversales et sagittales des compartiments, mais également un allongement de l'ensemble du système ventilatoire; allongement dont l'importance est mis en évidence par la nécessité d'une troisième variable mesurée par le capteur à ultrasons. En conclusion ce travail représente un apport technologique sur de nouveaux capteurs et un apport méthodologique dans l'épreuve de calibration. Il permet d'envisager l'extension du domaine d'utilisation des Mesures Non Invasives de la Ventilation (MNIV) aux mesures au long cours