Academic literature on the topic 'One-pass assembler'
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Journal articles on the topic "One-pass assembler"
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Coria, Ibai, Mikel Abasolo, Josu Aguirrebeitia, and Igor Fernández de Bustos. "Generalization of the tetraparametric assembly method for the optimization of bolt tightening sequences in ring-type joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 5 (January 9, 2019): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408918821223.
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Uniform bolt load is critical to achieve leak-free service in pressure vessel gasketed joints. In a previous work, the authors presented the tetraparametric assembly method, which enabled to obtain a uniform final load distribution in a one-pass tightening sequence. The accuracy of the method was proved by finite element analysis and experimental tests. However, the tetraparametric assembly method was only developed for one-pass tightening sequences, and in some cases more than one pass can be necessary. Furthermore, the method was only validated for a particular joint geometry. In this sense, the present work generalizes the method for two-pass tightening sequences and studies the range of application.
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Wang, Jiangchao, Masanori Sano, Sherif Rashed, and Hidekazu Murakawa. "Reduction of Welding Distortion for an Improved Assembly Process for Hatch Coaming Production." Journal of Ship Production and Design 29, no. 04 (November 1, 2013): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2013.29.4.153.
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The alignment between the hatch coaming top surface and hatch cover is essential to maintain hatch cover water tightness and smooth mechanical operation. An improved assembly process for hatch coaming production is proposed, in which the complete hatch coaming is assembled on the shop floor and then lifted as one part, fitted, and welded to the deck. When this complete hatch coaming is assembled to a ship deck, an irregularly distributed gap is usually found between the lower side of the hatch coaming and the deck. Fitting and welding distortion, in particular longitudinal and transverse shrinkage, influence the dimensional accuracy and consequently the production schedule. In this research, welding pass sequence of a fillet welded joint is improved using thermal elastic plastic analysis and welding distortion of the hatch coaming top surface is predicted using elastic analysis. First, three specimens with different gaps that model the welded joint between the hatch coaming and deck were welded and the changed distance between the measuring equipment and the flange was measured. A three-dimensional thermal elastic plastic finite element analysis was carried out for the same specimens and the computed welding distortion was shown to have good agreement with the measurements. As a result of the possible significant influence of welding pass sequence on transverse shrinkage of a fillet welded joint, the influence of welding pass sequence is studied using the computational approach and improved welding pass sequences are proposed to reduce transverse shrinkage. Finally, elastic analysis using inherent longitudinal and transverse shrinkage deformations evaluated by thermal elastic plastic analysis is used to predict welding distortion of the hatch coaming. In this elastic analysis, the influence of different gaps at different locations between the hatch coaming and the deck is considered.
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Sepsenwol, Sol. "Specimen Capsules For Critical-Point Drying." Microscopy Today 13, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500050872.
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Since we do a lot of small-sample critical-point drying (CPD) for SEM, we assemble our own drying capsules which can be manufactured easily in quantity. Materials' cost at current prices is about $10 for 50 capsules. About 25 capsules can be manufactured in an hour. The completed capsule consists of a small polypropylene chamber with fine-mesh, stainless-steel screen caps at each end that allow easy exchange of solvents. shows the steps ofthe assembly process. The base of one capsule is cut off with a razor blade, the cap of a second capsule, for a bottom (Figure 1a). Chamber length can be 5 to 14mm. One-quarter-inch holes are punched through the center of each cap using a paper punch whose spring/detente has been removed to pass the caps' rim (Figure 1b). A sheet-metal shim punch is used to create 3/8" disks of 60-mesh stainless steel wire cloth.
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Takeichi, Masatoshi, Shinichi Nakagawa, Shinya Aono, Tadao Usui, and Tadashi Uemura. "Patterning of cell assemblies regulated by adhesion receptors of the cadherin superfamily." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1399 (July 29, 2000): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0624.
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During morphogenesis, cell–cell association patterns are dynamically altered. We are interested in how cell adhesion molecules can regulate the patterning of cellular assemblies. Cadherins, a group of cell–cell adhesion receptors, are crucial for the organized assembly of many cell types, but they also regulate dynamic aspects of cell association. For example, during neural crest emigration from the neural tube, the cadherin subtypes expressed by crest cells are switched from one subtype to another. Artificial perturbation of this switch results in blocking of their escape from the neural tube. Intracellular modulations of cadherin activity also seem to play a role in regulation of cell adhesion. We identified p120 ctn as a regulator of cadherin function in carcinoma cells. With such regulators, cells may make a choice as to whether they should maintain stable cell contacts or disrupt their association. Finally, we found another type of cadherin–mediated cell patterning: Flamingo, a seven–pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity in Drosophila imaginal discs. Thus, the cadherin superfamily receptors control the patterning of cell assemblies through a variety of mechanisms.
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Kaliszewski, S., and John Quigg. "Three bimodules for Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 71, no. 3 (December 2001): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700003013.
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AbstractFor a maximal coaction δ of a discrete group G on a C*-algebra A and a normal subgroup N of G, there are at least three natural A × G ×δ| N - A ×δ|1 G/N imprimitivity bimodules: Mansfield's bimodule ; the bimodule assembled by Ng from Green's imprimitivity bimodule and Katayama duality; and the bimodule assembled from and the crossed-product Mansfield bimodule . We show that all three of these are isomorphic, so that the corresponding inducing maps on representations are identical. This can be interpreted as saying that Mansfield and Green induction are inverses of one another ‘modulo Katayama duality’. These results pass to twisted coactions; dual results starting with an action are also given.
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Shi, J. Z., X. M. Xie, F. Stubhan, and J. Freytag. "A Novel High Performance Die Attach for Ceramic Packages." Journal of Electronic Packaging 122, no. 2 (March 15, 1999): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483150.
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A novel two-step process based on isothermal solidification is developed for die attachment of ceramic package. With a simple design of the multilayer system, silicon chip could be bonded onto the allumina substrate in between 200°C and 300°C. The total process time is less than 15 seconds during which the actual assembly time is within one second. Most of the samples can pass the shear strength test specified by MIL STD 883D. All the samples could pass 1750 cycles between −55°C and 125°C with slight degradation in die shear strength after the test. The microstructures of the bonds are characterized with metallographical investigation. Comparisons are made between the present technique and the Au/Si eutectic bonding. [S1043-7398(00)01202-0]
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Wang, Sue-Lein. "Mesoporous Metal Phosphites with 3D Crystalline Frameworks." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088809.
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The synthesis of crystalline porous solids is of great importance in the area of materials chemistry. Naturally occurring zeolites are mostly crystalline; however, they possess pores/channels that only allow small species smaller than 1 nm in diameter to pass through. One exception is the mineral cacoxenite, containing 36-membered ring (36R) channels that allow guest species of up to 1.41 nm in diameter to pass through. In the past, much effort has been devoted to the development of zeolitic materials. Even though multi-faceted design strategies were utilized, the discovery of larger inorganic channels was often accidental. Compared with amorphous mesoporous silicates that contain synthetically tunable pores, zeolitic crystalline structures lack rational synthesis routes. In general, molecular templating leads to crystalline frameworks whereas organized assemblies that are able to produce much larger pores lead to noncrystalline frameworks. Synthetic methods that generate crystallinity from both discrete and organized templates represent a viable design strategy for the development of crystalline porous inorganic frameworks spanning both the micro and the meso regimes. We show by integrating templating mechanisms for both zeolites and mesoporous silica in a single system, the channel size for gallium zincophosphites can be tuned systematically up to 64R and 72R. With apertures of 3.5 nm, the new compounds represent the first non-disordered structures for mesoporous solids. Through the use of long straight-chain alkyl monoamines as templates, three common building blocks are induced that repeatedly self assemble into two isotypic porous frameworks with the ability to increasingly enlarge channel size. The rational design of crystalline porous metal oxides is achieved for the first time. A general formula was derived to predict new members with even larger channels along with their individual space group symmetry.
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Matysík, Michal, Iveta Plšková, and Zdeněk Chobola. "Detection of Reinforced Concrete Thermal Damage by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.143.
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Nonlinear Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (NUS) methods investigates nonlinear phenomena that occur when the sound or ultrasound waves pass through the material. This paper focuses on the use of these methods for nondestructive testing of reinforced concrete damaged by high temperature. For this research, reinforced concrete beams with one steel rod were made and the NUS measuring equipment was assembled. An appropriate nonlinear parameter was selected to assess the damage. The nonlinear behavior of thermally damaged reinforced concrete was manifested by the deformation of ultrasound waves passing through the measured samples, resulting in nonlinear effects in the frequency spectra of the recorded signal.
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Hao, Jin Ying, and Lin Wu. "Modeling and Simulation of the Crawler Passing Institutions of a New Type of Entertainment Machine with Mechanical Engineering Materials." Advanced Materials Research 648 (January 2013): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.153.
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The research is a passing mechanism of one new entertainment machine .It can deliver the ball to the destination by the chain wheel which can drive a track in a large angle of elevation .Through the UG6.0, one model basis on the mechanical engineering materials is accurate. It can pass the assembled passing crawlers and racks into ANSYS, at the same time it can also have a static analysis on the track firstly after the repair. Due to the mechanical engineering materials we have three operating modes that can find out the most dangerous place. With the support of the crawler calculation results, it can compute the stress condition of a rack in travel to demonstrate the feasibility of this passing scheme.
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Su, Xin Hong, Yuan Ming Chen, Wei He, Shou Xu Wang, and Zhi Hua Tao. "Research on Manufacturing Process of Buried/Blind via in HDI Rigid-Flex Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.527.
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The trend towards portability of electronic products expands the application of rigid-flex board, which has become one of the hot spots in PCB industry. Along with the improvement of assembly technology, the improving design of rigid-flex board appears. High Density Interconnection (HDI) is one of the design directions. The key manufacturing parameters of buried /blind via process in manufacturing process of HDI rigid-flex board was studied in detail including material selections, laminate process, drilling process and via metallization. Better manufacturing parameters of buried /blind via were obtained through orthogonal design. It was found over 99.9% vias could pass the test on electrical performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "One-pass assembler"
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Husár, Adam. "Implementace obecného assembleru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412779.
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This thesis describes the design of the universal assembler that represents a part of the Lissom project. You will be provided with the description of the assembler architectures and their usual tasks. Special attention is paid to GNU assembler. Designed assembler consists of the fixed and the generated part. The generated part is created automatically from the description of instruction set, that is defined using architecture and instructions set description language ISAC. Using this approach, it is possible to change assembler target architecture automatically. The second part of thesis describes the Parserlib2 library implementation that is a part of the Lissom project and provides the information about the target instruction set for an assembler generator.
Book chapters on the topic "One-pass assembler"
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Öhrström, Lars. "Mr Khama is Coming to Dinner." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0004.
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The temperature is approaching +38°C, and the highway between Botswana’s capital Gaborone and Francistown stretches out ahead in a straight line, heading north-east. It is the peak of the hot season, and here on the verge of the Kalahari Desert a dusty yellowish hue should colour the landscape, but instead rains have made everything a vibrant green. We stop and see hundreds of identical butterflies assembled in a small mud pool, and back on the well-paved and smooth road we are constantly vigilant to avoid the occasional cow, goat, or donkey feasting on the green grass beside the highway. At the big coal mine and power station in Palapye we turn left from the main road, and after another hour we pass a big modern shopping centre and then, without really noticing, we have entered Serowe, considered by some to be the largest traditional village in Africa—a settlement with a population of 90,000 or so spread out in mostly one- or two-storey houses in a very distinctive un-city-like manner. We see signs directing us to the museum, that we don’t find, and the kgotla, that we do. This large, very tidy, open space, surrounded by majestic trees and a wall at hip-height, is still the meeting place of the Bamangwato tribal councils (the word kgotla means ‘court’ in Setswana), but today it is completely deserted. But let’s now move back to 23 June 1949, when the situation was very different. Serowe, then the largest urban centre in the British Bechuanaland Protectorate, had just seen a massive invasion of South African and British journalists, in addition to the hundreds of tribesmen gathered in the kgotla. It was not as hot, as it was winter, but at that time this really was a remote place. There was not a metre of paved road in the Protectorate, the country was poor and austere, and the British preferred to conduct their fairly relaxed administration from the more comfortable Mafeking in the Union of South Africa.
Conference papers on the topic "One-pass assembler"
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Md Salim, Sani Irwan, Hamzah Asyrani Sulaiman, Muhammad Noorazlan Shah Zainudin, Rahimah Jamaluddin, and Lizawati Salahuddin. "One-pass assembler design for a low-end reconfigurable RISC processor." In 2014 International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istmet.2014.6936560.
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Coria, Ibai, Mikel Abasolo, Josu Aguirrebeitia, and Iker Heras. "VBA APP for the Calculation of Optimal Tightening Sequences for Ring Type Joints." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66252.
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For pressure vessels gasketed joints, obtaining a uniform bolt load distribution is mandatory in order to ensure leak-free service of the joint. However, due to the elastic interaction phenomenon, it is difficult to achieve a uniform bolt load distribution. To address this difficulty, standards recommend tightening sequences that have shown good performance. However, these sequences have to be carried out in several passes; in addition, the standards point out that each assembler should develop its particular tightening sequences. In order to overcome these disadvantages, it is possible to find methods that provide a particular tightening sequence with which a uniform bolt load is obtained in a single pass tightening sequence. The most popular method is the Elastic Interaction Coefficients Method (EICM). In previous works [1,2], a new methodology called Tetraparametric Assembly Method (TAM) was developed for ASME Ring Type Joints (RTJ). In comparison with the EICM, the TAM provides very accurate results with much lower cost. In this work, the TAM has been implemented in Microsoft Excel (programmed in Visual Basic for Application), to obtain in a few seconds an optimal tightening sequence for most RTJ (NPS, Class and SCHD) for any target load and any assembly pattern using one or two passes.
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Green, Craig B. "Once-Up / One-Pass Drilling Process, C-17 Cargo Ramp Skin Assembly." In Automated Fastening Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3426.
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Stevanovic, Vladimir, Zoran Stosic, and Uwe Stoll. "Analytical and CFD Investigation of Ex-Core Cooling of the Nuclear Fuel Rod Bundle in a Water Pool." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49530.
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The efficiency of ex-core cooling of nuclear fuel assemblies under decay heat generation is influenced by many conditions, among them being coolant flow rate, position of fuel assemblies in a water pool, and position of coolant inlets and outlets. Although the decay heat generation is lower than the nominal heat power of fuel bundles in operation, the much lower coolant flow rates and coolant inlets and outlets positions can lead to incidents conditions, with a violation of the fuel assembly integrity. Such a combination of unacceptable thermal-hydraulic conditions occurred at the Nuclear Power Plant Paks in Hungary in April 2003, during the process of nuclear fuel assembly chemical cleaning in a specially designed tank. The cooling of the nuclear fuel rod bundles in the tank was not efficient under low coolant flow rates through the cleaning tank, and after several hours the boiling of cooling water occurred with subsequent dry-out of nuclear fuel rod bundles. The thermal-hydraulic conditions in the cleaning tank that led to the unexpected event are analysed both analytically and with a CFD approach for idealised conditions of one nuclear fuel rod bundle with the bottom by-pass opening. The analytical analysis is based on a pressure balance of low Reynolds number upward water coolant flow through the bundle, downward water flow in the pool around the bundle, flow across the by-pass opening and outlet flow from the cleaning vessel. The transient CFD simulations are performed in order to demonstrate multidimensional effects of the event. The water density dependence on the temperature is taken into account in both analytical and CFD investigation, as the dominant effect that influences the buoyancy forces between the water flow streams inside and outside the vertically positioned bundle in the water pool. The influence of the bundle bottom by-pass area on the water pool thermal-hydraulic conditions and on the efficiency of the nuclear fuel rods cooling is analysed. Both analytical and CFD results show that the continuous cooling of the fuel rods can not be achieved for higher values of the bundle bottom by-pass areas. The averaged coolant temperature in the water pool outside the bundle becomes higher than the average temperature along the rod bundle, providing a “negative” buoyancy force that tends to stop the upward coolant flow through the bundle, and, hence, increases the coolant flow through the bundle by-pass at the bottom. The critical value of the by-pass area, above which the rod bundle cooling is deteriorated, is predicted.
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Khan, Nadeem S., Jami J. Shah, and Joseph K. Davidson. "Probability Tolerance Maps: A New Statistical Model for Non-Linear Tolerance Analysis Applied to Rectangular Faces." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28937.
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A new statistical model for the tolerance analysis based upon joint probability distribution of the trivariate normal distributed variables involved in the construction of Tolerance-maps (T-Maps) for rectangular face is presented. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map (T-Map) (Patent No. 69638242). It is the range of points resulting from a one-to-one mapping from all the variational possibilities of a perfect-form feature, within its tolerance-zone, to a specially designed Euclidean point-space. The model is fully compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standard for geometric tolerances. In this research, 4D probability T-Maps (prob T-Maps) have been developed in which the probability value of a point in space is represented by the size of the marker and the associated color. Additionally, 3D prob T-Maps (3D cross sections of the 4D prob T-Maps at pre specified values) are used to represent the probability values of two variables at a time for a constant value of the third variable on a plane. Superposition of the probability point cloud with the T-Map clearly identifies which points are inside and which are outside the T-Map. This represents the pass percentage for parts manufactured with the statistical parameters such as mean and standard deviation as of the assumed trivariate probability distribution. The effect of refinement with form and orientation tolerance is highlighted by calculating the change in pass percentage with the pass percentage for size only. Delaunay triangulation and ray tracing algorithms have been used to automate the process of identifying the points inside and outside the T-Map. Proof of concept software has been implemented to demonstrate this model and to determine pass percentages for various cases. The model is further extended to assemblies by employing convolution algorithms on two trivariate statistical distributions to arrive at the statistical distribution of the assembly. Accumulation T-Maps generated by using Minkowski Sum techniques on the T-Maps of the individual parts is superimposed on the probability point cloud resulting from convolution. Delaunay triangulation and ray tracing algorithms are employed to determine the assemleability percentages for the assembly.
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Fan, Nianqing, Daogang Lu, Minggang Zhu, Yikun Fang, Peide Zhou, and Chun Xie. "The Sensitivity Improvement of Passive Shutdown System Based on Curie Point Alloy in a Fast Reactor." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29723.
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The magnetic properties will be lost when the temperature of Curie point alloy is above the Curie point temperature. The physical properties of Curie point alloy are used for Passive Actuated Shutdown System (PASS) in the Fast Reactor, for example American, Japan, the shutdown systems are called Self Actuated Shutdown System (SASS). The shutdown device is composed of the up assembly and the down assembly. The up one is a magnetic material and the down one is Curie point alloy. The reliability of PASS in normal condition, and whereabouts of sensitivity are determined by the properties of Curie point alloy. The Reactor-type Experiment Furnace and related circuits were designed to carry out static and dynamic experiments under the high temperature. Cylindrical alloy functions were investigated through the high temperature experiments outside of the reactor. The results showed that improvement was necessary because of long response time. In order to improve the sensitivity of PASS, different shapes were designed for Curie point alloy, under the premise that PASS was reliable. The response times of different sharps were calculated by finite element software, ANSYS, in abnormal condition. Comparison of response times of cylinder, quincunx and fins model under the same conditions, quincunx structure had the shortest response time when the temperature of Curie point ally was above the Curie point temperature. The results obtained from the high-temperature experiments, also showed that the quincunx has the shortest response time. These results showed the quincunx structure was superior to the other models.
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Kemeny, Deanne C., and Raymond J. Cipra. "Assembly Configuration Synthesis Method for Discretely-Actuated Manipulators." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99239.
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Discretely-actuated manipulators are defined in this paper as serial planar chains of many links where the actuation of one link with respect to the previous link occurs in one of three discrete positions. Because of the limited end-effector workspace, a link may be manually connected to the previous link in one of four 90° orientations to assist in generating a workspace corresponding to specific applications. Given an application workspace, the assembly configuration synthesis strategy presented here is a novel approach to determine the nominal configuration (all actuators in their 0° position) of the serial chain. The solved configuration will cover an application grid area using its discrete actuation with no change in nominal configuration. The unique application workspace, defined as a planar grid area, requires the end effector to be positioned somewhere within each specific element of the grid. The synthesis strategy is made up of three stages with each stage having tests that increase in computation and difficulty that a potential configuration must pass or be eliminated. Critical to the tests is the ability to quickly model and approximate the end-effector workspace of a configuration and a new method for this approximation is described.
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Poursina, Mohammad. "An Efficient Application of Polynomial Chaos Expansion for the Dynamic Analysis of Multibody Systems With Uncertainty." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35226.
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In this paper the mathematical framework of an advanced algorithm is presented to efficiently form and solve the equations of motion of a multibody system involving uncertainty in the system parameters and/or the excitations. The uncertainty is introduced to the system through the application of the polynomial chaos expansion. In this scheme, states of the system, nondeterministic parameters, and the constraint loads are expanded using modal values as well as orthogonal basis functions. Computational complexity of the application of traditional methods to solve the stochastic equations of motion of a multibody system drastically grows as a cubic function of the number of the states of the system, uncertain parameters and the maximum degree of the polynomial chosen for the basis function. The presented method forms the equation of motion of the system without forming the entire mass and Jacobian matrices. In this strategy, the stochastic governing equations of motion of each individual body as well as the one associated with the kinematic constraint at the connecting joint are developed in terms of the basis functions and modal coordinates. Then sweeping the system in two passes assembly and disassembly, one can form and solve the stochastic equations of motion. In the assembly pass the non-deterministic equations of motion of the assemblies are obtained. In the disassembly process, these equations are then recursively solved for the modal values of the spatial accelerations and the constraints loads. In the serial and parallel implementations, computational complexity of the method increases as a linear and logarithmic functions of the number of the states of the system, uncertain variables, and the maximum degree of the basis functions used in the expansion.
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Schabacker, J., A. Bölcs, and B. V. Johnson. "PIV Investigation of the Flow Characteristics in an Internal Coolant Passage With Two Ducts Connected by a Sharp 180° Bend." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-544.
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A PIV study of the flow in a stationary model of a smooth two-pass internal coolant passage is presented, which focuses on the flow characteristics in the sharp 180° bend and downstream of the bend where the flow is redeveloping. Because PIV in its traditional conception only allows for the investigation of two-dimensional flow, a stereoscopic digital PIV system was assembled that measures all three velocity components simultaneously. The mean-velocity field and turbulence quantities of the flow are obtained from the PIV measurements. The model of the coolant passage consists of two square ducts, each having a length of 19 hydraulic diameters, which are connected by a sharp 180° bend with a rectangular outer wall. The measurements were obtained at one flow condition with a flow Reynolds number of 50,000. A strong secondary flow motion occurs in the bend of the smooth passage that consists of two counter rotating vortices, which impinge on the outer wall and influence the flow in the downstream leg. Both of the outer corners contain regions of recirculating flow. A separation bubble, about 1.5 hydraulic diameters long, occurs on the inner wall of the return pass. In the symmetry plane, the flow recovers from the bend effect within 10 hydraulic diameters.
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Gao, Qian, Yingchun Shan, Xiandong Liu, and Er Jiang. "90 Degree Impact Simulation of Steel Wheel." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70517.
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The wheel is one of the important safety components of the vehicle. So, it is required to pass the dynamic rotating bending test, the dynamic radial fatigue test and the impact test. The 90-degree impact test represents the driving performance of a vehicle when the vehicle drives through the road pits, or drives in other harsh conditions. As for the steel wheel, there are no mandatory requirements for the impact test. In recent years, some steel wheel enterprises bring up 90-degree impact test for steel wheels in order to ensure the quality of their products. In this paper, a finite element simulation model of the steel wheel impact test bed under the case of 90-degree was established according to an enterprise’s impact test requirement. The software “ABAQUS” was used to simulate the 90-degree impact test. A wheel / tire overall model was assembled, considering the impacts of tire inflation and the tire preloading process. Then the deformation state of the rim under 90-degree impact load was analyzed to predict whether it could pass the requirements of relevant impact test successfully. The results show that the steel wheel does not meet the requirements of the impact test, which makes it necessary to study the steel wheel’s impact test and optimize the structure of the rim. This paper also provides a reference method for the impact simulation of the steel wheel.