Academic literature on the topic 'Onion production'
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Journal articles on the topic "Onion production"
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Kwon, Young-Seok, Kwang-Soo Cho, Ju-Seong Im, Eung-Ho Lee, and Won-Bae Kim. "(49) Effects of Sowing Time and Tray Size for Production of Onion." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1055C—1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1055c.
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Onions are a major vegetables in Korea. Short-day onions are grown in more than 95% in southern area of South Korea, and long-day onions are grown above 600-m altitude in the highlands. Onion cultivation in the highland areas has become difficult for farmers to obtain high income but stable production because of higher cost of seed and the intensive labor involved in production. Consequently, onion set culture by inexpensive onion seeds compared with expensive F1 seed has an advantage due to the higher proportion of marketable size bulbs. This study was conducted to find out the suitable sowing time and tray size for onion set culture in the highlands—the earlier the sowing time, the higher the number of onions set. The most appropriate sowing date and 1.6–3.5 g of onion set size was early to middle May, also with the highest distribution percentage. The highest set number (780.8 set/m2) of suitable onion set size (1.6–3.5 g) were harvested from the 288 trays, followed by 770 set from the bed (9 g/m2 of seed sowed), and (7/m2 of seed sowed) in the 406 tray.
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Aliudin, Aliudin, Aris Supriyo Wibowo, Setiawan Sariyoga, and Mohamad Arief Setiawan. "Risk Control Of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Production On Surjan Land." International Journal of Ethno-Sciences and Education Research 1, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijeer.v1i3.296.
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Onion is one of the commodities of annual vegetable crops that have high economic value, a type of short-lived plant, can be propagated vegetatively or generatively, can be developed in low to highland areas and can be cultivated throughout the year. High demand for onions was not followed by supply of onion in the market. This is caused by high risks in the cultivation of Onions. As the theory of supply, the level of supply of a commodity will be affected by the amount of commodities produced. The research aims to analyze the risk factors for onion production and onion supply behavior. The method of this research was survey methode. The location of this research was at Tonjong, Kramatwatu subdistrict. The population of onions farmers was 117 farmers and the amount of the sample used in this research is 54 farmers. Sort of datas that used in this research were primary data and secondary data. The analysis data that used are risk analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the level of risk of onion in Tonjong Village was 1621.91 or 32 percent of the productivity value obtained by farmers. The source of the risks on Onion farming in Tonjong Village are climate and weather, pests and plant diseases, land fertility, and the effectiveness of using inputs. There are two factors that significantly influence the behavior of onion offering in Tonjong Village, the cost variable of fungicide and the variable cost of insecticide.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a.
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Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.
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Iglesias, Lindsy, Michael J. Havey, and Brian A. Nault. "Management of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci) in Organic Onion Production Using Multiple IPM Tactics." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030207.
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Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) is a major pest in organic onion production and effective integrated pest management strategies are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate combinations of semi-glossy (“Rossa di Milano” and B5336AxB5351C) and waxy (“Bradley”) onion cultivars with reflective mulch, with or without biopesticides (spinosad + neem oil tank mix), to manage T. tabaci in organic onion production. Thrips densities were assessed weekly and bulbs graded and weighed at harvest. Onions sprayed with spinosad + neem oil had fewer T. tabaci (adults: 74% (2019); larvae: 40% (2018), 84% (2019) and produced higher yields (13% (2018), 23% (2019)) than onions that were unsprayed, regardless of mulch type or onion cultivar. “Rossa di Milano” had relatively fewer adult and larval thrips populations compared with “Bradley” (21% (2018), 32% (2019)) and B5336AxB5351C. However, “Rossa di Milano” had the lowest marketable yield in both years. Reflective mulch reduced densities on certain dates in both years compared to white mulch, but the largest and most consistent reduction only occurred in 2019. Reflective mulch had no impact on bulb yield. While spinosad + neem oil reduced thrips numbers and increased yield alone, none of the treatment combinations were effective at suppressing populations of thrips. Future T. tabaci management in organic onions will require optimization of the available effective biopesticides.
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Larushin, N. P., V. F. Pivovarov, O. N. Kuharev, and Yu A. Vershinin. "Complex machines for the production of onions on resource-saving technologies." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-141-145.
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Relevance. The most common and most mastered method of growing onions, used in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, as well as in the northern part of European countries, is the cultivation of turnip onions from onion. It is believed that this method provides 75% of the production of the entire onion harvest. Due to the sharp increase in the prices of energy carriers, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery, the production of sharp varieties of onions, grown in the crop, has become unprofitable, and marketable products have lost competitiveness due to high costs. Significant changes in the reduction of labor costs can be achieved by improving the technology and technical means for the production of onions, creating conditions for their work. The effectiveness of designs for sowing seeds of onions, onion sets and planting onions-uterus is determined by the uniform distribution of the bulbs by area of nutrition, depth and their embedding.Results. The material presented in the work is devoted to the analysis of designs and some results of studies of a complex of machines for the production of onions developed in the Penza GAU.
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Amit Barman and Saikat Mazumder, Supriti Manna, Dabasmita Saha, Subham Roy Chowdhury. "Onion Productivity and Price Change Aspects in India: An Overview." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (November 24, 2020): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061021.
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AlliumCepathe scientific name of an onion. After potato Onion is the second most essential vegetable in our India. And also onions are very famous in all around the world. In India, the productivity of onion is about 13 lakh tons every month, and in the world, the onion productivity ratio is about 19.40 million. There are about 100 types of onion throughout the world and basically, India produces 9 types of major onion. Onion is very rich in vitamin C (12%)content and vitamin B-6( 5%)content and also rich in minerals like iron(1%) and calcium(2%). In the last 10 years, Maharashtra( 4905.0 thousand tons) is the biggest onion producing state in India. But in 2019 onion prices overlap at Rs 10 kg from Rs 100 kg as demand loss will take place. A huge amount of wastage of onion takes place every year due to bad Monsoon, transport system and the amount of wastage is nearly 25% of the total production. In 10 years a remarkable increase in the production of onion in India and also an increase in the area about 768,000 ha to 1064,000 ha. Onion production has been several benefits like it reduces our cholesterol level, fights against inflammation, decreases triglycerides and it contains a high amount of antioxidants. The impact of onion production on the Indian economy, an increase of onion productivity, price drop, Government policies related to onion production also have been focused on in this review.
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Nugroho, Alfian Yunianto, Slamet Hartono, and Masyhuri Masyhuri. "EFFICIENCY ALLOCATIVE NION FARMING IN TYE DISTRICT BANTUL." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17203.
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This aim of this study is to know the factors affecting onion production, the efficiency of the use of factors production on onion farming and to analyze the factors that affect onions farm incomes. The research was conducted in the district of Bantul with a sample of 30 farmers, factors affecting onion production was analyzed with multiplr linear regression analysis (method Cobb-Douglas) production function, allocative efficiency of the use of production factors by calculating an index value of allocative efficiency, the factors that influenced farm onion incomes anlayzedmultiple linear regression analysis (method Cobb-Douglas function of income). Production factors influence positive effect on onion productionin the district of Bantul are seedsm fertilizer NPK, KCl, soil and pesticides, input allocation of land, seed, fertilizer KCl.NPK fertilixer and fungicide antracol phonska have not be efficient so they need to be improved, the income of farmers affected by land area and the price of NPK phonska and insecticida.
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Johnson, W. Carroll, David B. Langston, Daniel D. MacLean, F. Hunt Sanders, Reid L. Torrance, and Jerry W. Davis. "Integrated Systems of Weed Management in Organic Transplanted Vidalia® Sweet Onion Production." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.64.
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Field experiments were conducted from 2008 through 2010 near Lyons, GA, to develop integrated weed management systems for organic Vidalia® sweet onion (Allium cepa) production. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of summer solarization, cultivation with a tine weeder, and a clove oil herbicide. Plots were solarized with clear plastic mulch during the summer fallow period before transplanting onion. Cultivation treatments were twice at 2-week intervals, four times at 2-week intervals, and a noncultivated control. Herbicide treatments were clove oil plus vinegar, clove oil plus an emulsified petroleum oil (EPO) insecticide used as an adjuvant, and a nontreated control. ‘Savannah Sweet’ onions were transplanted in early-December each year, with cultivation and herbicide applications events occurring the following January and February. Onions were harvested the following spring. In addition to yield measurement, a subsample of harvested onion was stored in a controlled atmospheric (CA) storage facility to evaluate treatment effects on diseases of stored onion. Summer fallow solarization did not control the cool-season weeds present in these trials. Cultivating transplanted onion with a tine weeder effectively managed cutleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera laciniata) and swinecress (Coronopus didymus) and improved onion yields in 2 of 3 years. There was little difference in overall performance between two cultivations and four cultivations with the tine weeder. The 1 year of marginal weed control with the tine weeder was due to persistently wet soils during winter months that inhibited optimum performance of the implement. Clove oil, combined with vinegar or an EPO insecticide, provided marginal weed control and had no effect on onion yield. Diseases of stored onion were unaffected by any of the treatment combinations, although overall incidence of diseases of stored onion was higher in 2010 compared with other years. This corresponds with the 1 year of marginal weed control with the tine weeder, suggesting that the presence of weeds may be a factor related to disease incidence during storage.
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Marutop, Yosep, Irba Djaja, and Abdullah Sarijan. "Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Phonska terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L)." Musamus Journal of Agrotechnology Research 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mjar.v1i2.1849.
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The discussion focused on the effect of NPK fertilizer named Phonska on the growth rate of red onion, and the crops production. In this study, the method used is descriptive study lasted three months, from July 2011 to October 2011. The data collection techniques used in the preparation of this paper is a randomized block design (RBD ) and documentation . Based on the results, this study showed that the effect of NPK fertilizer Phonska on onion production are very significant. Phonska influence the number of tillers, because it meet the nutrient needs of plants so the crops able to produce well. For better results in the production of red onions we suggested that the cultivation of onion crop use NPK Phonska because it influence the development of onion growth. We recomended the relevant institutions to distribute NPK fertilizer and applying Phonska on onion crop growth to increase the production.
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Havey, Michael J., and Farhad Ghavami. "Informativeness of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Relationships among Onion Populations from Important World Production Regions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, no. 1 (January 2018): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04277-17.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using a high-density array and DNAs from individual plants of important onion (Allium cepa L.) populations from major production regions and from the likely progenitor of onion, Allium vavilovii Popov et Vved. Genotypes at 1226 SNPs were used to estimate genetic relationships among these populations and revealed close associations among onions grown in Europe and those in North America, South America, and eastern Asia, supporting paths of introduction from Europe to the Americas and Asia. ‘Nasik Red’ is a population grown on the Indian subcontinent and was divergent from onions of European origin. Frequencies of SNPs among and within populations were used as a measure of informativeness, and 199 commonly polymorphic SNPs were identified distributed across the eight chromosomes of onion. These SNPs will be useful for estimations of relatedness among broader collections of onion populations, mapping of important phenotypes, fingerprinting of inbred lines and hybrids, and quality control of seed lots.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Onion production"
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Vollmer, Emily R. "Cover Crop Mulches for No-till Organically Managed Onion Production." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062008-105026/.
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Combining the environmentally sound practices of reduced tillage and cover crop use with organic vegetable production systems requires management choices that are tailored to specific climate and crop combinations. In the southeastern U.S. summer cover crops can be grown through the fall until desiccation by frost. At this time a cash crop such as bulb onions (Allium cepa L.) can be grown using reduced tillage for over winter production. Field experiments were conducted on first year transitional (non-organic) land in 2006-07 and 2007-08. Cover crops of foxtail millet âGerman Strain Râ [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] and cowpea âIron & Clayâ [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were grown as monocrops (MIL, COW) and biculture mixtures and compared to a bare ground control (BG). Mixtures of cowpea and millet consisted of seeding rates aimed at producing 70%, 50%, and 30% millet per total biculture biomass (MIX-70, MIX-50, MIX-30). Cover crop residue treatments were evaluated for weed suppression and N contribution to no-till organic onion production. Supplemental N in the form of surface applied soybean meal [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] was applied to cover crop treatment subplots at three rates: 0, 105, and 210 kg Nâha-1. Onion yields increased linearly from 0 to 210 kg Nâha-1 rates of soybean meal. Cover crop treatments COW and BG had the greatest total marketable onion yield and were statistically equivalent both years. Losses in marketable yield were primarily due to mortality in MIL and MIX in 2006-07 and bolting across all cover crop treatments, which averaged 28% in 2006-07 and 72% in 2007-08. Onion mortality was over 50% in MIL and MIX treatments in 2006-07 and was attributed to physical properties of thick surface mulch. Onion mortality in 2007-08 was highest on MIL compared to all other cover crop treatments but remained below 20%. Weed interference during onion production was highest in COW and lowest in treatments with millet (MIL, MIX) in 2006-07. Nitrogen rates of 105 and 210 kg Nâha-1 increased soil mineral N (NO3- and NH4+) on BG plots two weeks after surface application of soybean meal at the end of November each year but generally ceased to have an effect on soil mineral N by February or March. The 105 kg Nâha-1 soybean meal rate appeared to be more than sufficient for use as a starter fertilizer. Split applications of soybean meal could be an important improvement in N management to avoid N leaching and better meet increased N uptake demand during bulb initiation and growth in the spring. Overall, this study shows that cowpea cover crops grown preceding an over-wintered no-till allium crop is feasible with appropriate management, and provides onion yield comparable to bare ground production.
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Crévier, Hélène A. "Cultural methods for dehydrating onion production in Quebec, with particular reference to the fluid drilling technique." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65969.
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Romero, Mancero Romeo Byron. "Comparative study of six different types of subtracts in the production of earthworm humus and its productive effect in vegetables (radish, beet, white onion, cabbage)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5432.
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In the province of Chimborazo, found in the Riobamba canton, a study was done with the purpose of comparing different subtracts for the production of earthworm humus (pig feces, guinea pig feces, rabbit feces, bovine feces, market residues, and vegetable residues from the harvest) and its productive effect in vegetables (radish, onion, beet and cabbage). Twenty-four beds, 1.5 m2 (1.5 x 1) in size, as well as sixteen 3 m2 (1 x 3) parcels were used for the study. A design of complete blocks was applied with a monofactorial in the first test, and a bifactorial in the second test. The experiment lasted forty weeks. In general, the best productive behavior by the earthworm humus was distributed among various subtracts. The vegetable residues had the best final weight with a value of 66.75 Kg/parcel. The treatment with guinea pig feces had the best nitrogen content (0.29%). Bovine feces had the best phosphorus content (1.08%). Rabbit feces produced 10.6% of potassium as well as the highest number of earthworms in the harvest (6,900,00). With regards to the production of vegetables, cabbage responded well to almost all of the variables studied. Cabbage obtained superior values than the rest of the vegetables with a 99.5% capture and a 0.25% mortality. The other variables could not be compared because different types of vegetables were used. In the total economic analysis, it was seen that there was a expenditure of 851,960.00 sucres against an income, from the sale of humus and vegetables, of 1,065,000.00 sucres. The net income was 213,120.00 sucres and the benefit/cost was 1.21. It is recommended that this technique be used for small scale production, because the humus improves the ground's physical and chemical characteristics, thus obtaining representative economic gains.
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Barum, Alexandre Oliveira. "Impacto sócio-econômico da promoção de sementes de feijão miudo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) no município de São José do Norte/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2002. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1375.
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Previous issue date: 2002-12-27The work was accomplished at the district of São José do Norte, RS and the objective was to study the seeds production system of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). It consisted of an evaluation of the economy of the district for the analysis of the production systems, which was accomplished in three stages. The first one consisted in producers characterization, with the purpose of identifying possible socioeconomical differences and use of technology. For this, correspondence analysis was used with nine quantitative and 33 qualitative characteristics. In the second stage there were used the static and dynamic aspects of three crop systems: (i) onion, (ii) isolated cowpea and (iii) mixed system, with three production factors: (i) financial resources, (ii) land and (iii) labor. For this evaluation the method called Petri s Net was used. In the third stage it was evaluated the economic impact of the seeds cowpea production in the region. In this case, the used method was denominated Leontief Matrix. The results demonstrated that the producers are homogeneous with relationship to its behavior. In the system analysis it was possible to observe that all system have, as the most limitant factor, financial sources. On the other hand, the mixed system is the one that showed a smallest index of resources sub-use, that represents a better use of the production potential. The system of seeds cowpea production has a small impact in the county economy, due to the volume of the regional economy being much greater in relation to cowpea business. However, the seeds cowpea production can double the income of the growers.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar o sistema de produção de sementes de feijão-miúdo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) no Município de São José de Norte/RS, através de uma avaliação da estrutura econômica do município para posterior análise dos sistemas de produção, o que foi realizado em três etapas. A primeira etapa constou da tipificação dos produtores com finalidade de identificar possíveis diferenças quanto aos determinantes socioeconômicos ou na utilização de tecnologia. Para isto, foi usada análise fatorial de correspondência, com a utilização de nove características quantitativas e 33 características qualitativas. Na segunda etapa, foram avaliados aspectos estáticos e dinâmicos dos três sistemas existentes: cebola isolada, feijão-miúdo isolado e misto. Foram utilizados três fatores de produção: recursos financeiros, terra e mão de obra. Para esta avaliação utilizou-se o método denominado rede de Petri. Na terceira etapa, foi estimado o impacto econômico da produção de sementes de feijão-miúdo na região. Neste caso, o método utilizado foi denominado matriz insumo-produto. Os resultados demonstram que os produtores são homogêneos quanto ao seu comportamento. Na análise dos sistemas foi possível observar que: (i) todos têm como fator mais limitante os recursos financeiros; (ii) o sistema misto é que apresenta menor índice de subutilização dos recursos, representando um melhor aproveitamento do potencial de produção; (iii) o sistema de produção de sementes de feijão-miúdo apresenta um pequeno impacto na economia municipal, tendo em vista o volume de produção face ao volume total da economia; (iv) a produção de sementes de feijão-miúdo pode duplicar a renda dos produtores.
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Mobli, Mostafa. "Quantitative effects of bulb size, pre- and post-planting environment on flowering and seed production in onions, Allium cepa L." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358058.
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Shiu, Ting-Yu, and 許廷宇. "The Effects of Intercropping on Organic Green Onion Production (Allium fistulosum L.)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72436705042035471451.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
96
The experiment was carried out in 2007 – 2008 to determine the effect of different intercropping systems on yeild, pest and disease infection of organic green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) under field conditions. In addition, land equivalent ratio (LER) as an index of intercropping advantage and output value were determined to assess the efficiency of different cropping systems. In summer, the green onion as a main crop was intercropped with maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis) as intercrop. In winter, we intercropped green onion with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and marigold (Tagetes erecta). Each intercrop was planted between rows of green onion simultaneously in separate plots. All crops were also grown in pure stands. Results of this study indicated that different intercropping systems compared to monocropping did not affect plant weight of green onion in summer. In winter, green onion / marigold intercropping system had the highest plant weight and yield. LER values were more than 1 in all intercropping systems. Output values of intercropping systems were usually higher than monocropping systems. Soil extract from monocropping system affected the germination percentage and mean germination time of green onion. In 2007 spring, the intercropping system didn’t suppress rust and pest infection of green onion. In 2008 spring, the infection rate of rust in green onion/marigold intercropping system was lower than the one in monocropping system.
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Su, Yu-Jung, and 蘇鈺容. "Effects of raw Welsh onion extracts on endothelium- derived nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelium cell." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20834100210309008783.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
生物科技系暨研究所
91
Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum L., Alliaceae) is one of the important flavoring vegetables in Taiwan, and it is often used in Chinese dishes. Many studies have found that the flavor compounds of Allium species, especially onion and garlic, have special physiological effects on cardiovascular disease. In our hands, we have found that chronic feeding of Welsh onion extracts can lower systolic blood pressure and prolong the bleeding time in both normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In vitro study, the Welsh onion extracts exert their vasorelaxing effects via the NO- cGMP pathway. Whether Welsh onion can modulate vascular tone and act as a hypotensive agent in human is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the different concentrations (0~3.2 mg/ml) of Welsh onion extract on the effects of stimulate human umbilical vein endothelium cell (HUVEC) for released the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) and cyclic GMP, and the effects of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at various incubation time. Our results indicated : (1) Different concentrations of Welsh onion extracts could increase the cGMP production in endothelial cells. (2) Welsh onion extracts elevated cGMP level, which could inhibit by Nω-Methyl-L- arginine acetate (LNMA). (3) Welsh onion extracts with the concentration of 0. 2 mg/ml significantly increased the protein expression of eNOS that determined by Western blotting. (4) Welsh onion extracts with the incubation time of 10 min significantly increased the protein expression of eNOS that determined by Western blotting.
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(12246268), Alan Andrew Duff. "Growth and development of onions in a subtropical environment." Thesis, 2004. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Growth_and_development_of_onions_in_a_subtropical_environment/19365128.
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Australia currently produces 210 000 tonnes of onions annually. The major production areas are in southern Australia where the predominant onion type is adapted to an intermediate long daylength. Queensland's annual production is stable at 10% (20 000 to 25 000 tonnes) of the national production. Ninety percent of the Queensland crop is grown in southern Queensland (Lockyer Valley and the Darling Downs). Small production areas can be found in central and tropical north Queensland. Consequently, onions in Queensland are grown under a predominantly subtropical environment. Crops are sown from late February to late June. An extensive range of cultivars is required to meet the changing environmental conditions that occur during this time period in order to achieve maximum economic crop yield. In the past, incorrect cultivar selection has resulted in high levels of doubling and bolting with a corresponding reduction in economic yield. This study conducted at Gallon Research Station in the Lockyer Valley investigated the growth and development of several cultivars currently available to growers in Queensland.
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Abdelkhalik, Abdelsattar Gamal Abdelsattar. "Effect of continued and regulated deficit irrigation on the productivity of four vegetable crops in open-field conditions in the Mediterranean area." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/129868.
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[ES] La escasez de agua se está convirtiendo en un problema en zonas áridas y semiáridas del mundo, donde se localiza parte de la producción de los principales cultivos hortícolas, como en el área mediterránea. La sequía es uno de los principales factores limitantes en la agricultura y está afectando gravemente a la producción de cultivos hortícolas. La mejora de la productividad del agua en la agricultura puede lograrse mediante la utilización de determinadas estrategias. El riego deficitario consiste en el aporte de agua por debajo de las necesidades de riego (NR) de los cultivos, de manera que se produce una reducción de la evapotranspiración. Puede realizarse de manera continua o sostenida (RDS) o controlada (RDC). Con el riego deficitario se puede mejorar la eficiencia del uso del agua de riego, manteniendo el rendimiento, e incluso en ocasiones, podría mejorarse la calidad de la cosecha. En este estudio, realizado en el Centro Experimental Cajamar de Paiporta (Valencia) se evalúa el efecto del riego deficitario en cuatro de los principales cultivos hortícolas cultivados al aire libre, en el área mediterránea: coliflor, cebolla, pimiento y sandía. En la evaluación se ha analizado: crecimiento y estado hídrico de las plantas, rendimiento, eficiencia del uso del agua de riego, calidad de la producción y rentabilidad de los cultivos. En la primera campaña se ensayó el RDS, lo que permitió establecer las diferentes etapas de crecimiento de cada cultivo, que se utilizaron en las siguientes campañas en el RDC.
En los cuatro cultivos, las plantas control (100% NR) han mostrado un adecuado estado hídrico, tanto en el contenido relativo de agua como en el índice de estabilidad de la membrana, mientras que las sometidas a un RDS severo, han mostrado los menores valores de ambos índices. El efecto negativo del riego deficitario sobre el rendimiento ha resultado menos importante en los cultivos de otoño-invierno que en los cultivos de primavera-verano, especialmente en la coliflor. El RDS del 50% NR ha reducido drásticamente el rendimiento comercial y, consecuentemente, los ingresos brutos, aunque haya supuesto una mejora en la eficiencia del uso del agua de riego para los cultivos de otoño-invierno. Del análisis individual de los cultivos se deduce que el rendimiento en pellas de coliflor obtenidas con RDS al 75% NR o RDC al 50% NR durante la fase juvenil, se ha mantenido en niveles similares al control, mejorando la eficiencia del uso del agua de riego. En cebolla, en caso de restricción hídrica severa, sería aconsejable aplicar RDS con el 75% NR o RDC al 50% NR durante la maduración del bulbo, ya que estas estrategias han disminuido ligeramente el rendimiento, mejorando la eficiencia del uso del agua de riego. En condiciones menos restrictivas, RDC al 75% NR durante la maduración del bulbo ha dado lugar a un rendimiento satisfactorio, con un aumento de la eficiencia del uso del agua de riego. En pimiento dulce italiano, la aplicación de RDC al 75% NR durante la recolección ha dado lugar a una reducción considerable del rendimiento, y por tanto, de los ingresos brutos, aunque con importantes ahorros de agua y con un incremento en el contenido de sólidos solubles y de compuestos fenólicos de los frutos. Acortando el ciclo de cultivo hasta principios de septiembre, cuando ya se ha cosechado la mayor parte del rendimiento comercial, se conseguiría un importante ahorro de agua y permitiría utilizar la parcela en otros cultivos. El RDS al 75% y al 50% NR, o RDC al 50% NR durante la cosecha han dado lugar a una alta incidencia de frutos afectados por blossom-end rot. En sandía puede recomendarse la aplicación de RDC, tanto al 75% como al 50% NR durante la maduración del fruto, ya que ha conducido a rendimientos comerciales aceptables. De manera general se puede afirmar que la aplicación de RDS y de RDC en los cuatro cultivos, no ha afectado de manera importante a la calidad de la producción,[CAT] Resum L'escassesa d'aigua s'està convertint en un problema en zones àrides i semiàrides del món, on es localitza part de la producció dels principals cultius hortícoles, com és el cas de l'àrea mediterrània. La sequera és un dels principals factors limitants en l'agricultura i està afectant greument a la producció de cultius hortícoles. La millora de la productivitat de l'aigua en l'agricultura en general, i en l'horticultura en particular, es pot aconseguir mitjançant la utilització de determinades estratègies. El reg deficitari consisteix en l'aportació d'aigua per sota de les necessitats de reg (NR) dels cultius, de manera que es produeix una reducció de l'evapotranspiració. Es pot fer de manera contínua o sostinguda (RDS) o controlada (RDC). Amb el reg deficitari es pot millorar l'eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg, mantenint el rendiment, i fins i tot de vegades, podria conduir a una millora de la qualitat de la collita. En aquest estudi, realitzat al Centre Experimental Cajamar de Paiporta (València, Espanya) s'avalua l'efecte del reg deficitari en quatre dels principals cultius hortícoles conreats a l'aire lliure, a l'àrea mediterrània: dos de cultiu de tardor-hivern (coliflor i ceba) i dues de cultiu primaveral-estival (pimentó i meló d'Alger). En l'avaluació s'han analitzat els següents paràmetres: creixement i estat hídric de les plantes, rendiment, eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg, qualitat de la producció i rendibilitat dels cultius. A la primera campanya es va assajar el RDS, el que va permetre establir les diferents etapes de creixement de cada cultiu, que es van utilitzar en les següents campanyes en el RDC. En els quatre cultius, les plantes control (100% NR) han mostrat un adequat estat hídric, tant en el contingut relatiu d'aigua com en l'índex d'estabilitat de la membrana, mentre que les sotmeses a un RDS sever, han mostrat els menors valors d'ambdós índexs. L'efecte negatiu del reg deficitari sobre el rendiment ha resultat menys important en els cultius de tardor-hivern que en els cultius de primavera-estiu, especialment en la coliflor. El RDS del 50% NR ha reduït dràsticament el rendiment comercial i, conseqüentment, els ingressos bruts, encara que hagi suposat una millora en l'eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg per als cultius de tardor-hivern. De l'anàlisi individual dels cultius es dedueix que el rendiment de coliflors obtingudes amb RDS al 75% NR o RDC al 50% NR durant la fase juvenil, s'ha mantingut en nivells similars al control, millorant l'eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg. En ceba, en cas de restricció hídrica severa, seria aconsellable aplicar RDS amb el 75% NR o RDC al 50% NR durant la maduració del bulb, ja que aquestes estratègies han disminuït lleugerament el rendiment, millorant l'eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg . En condicions menys restrictives, RDC al 75% NR durant la maduració del bulb ha donat lloc a un rendiment satisfactori, amb un augment de l'eficiència de l'ús de l'aigua de reg. En pimentó dolç italià, l'aplicació de RDC al 75% NR durant la recol·lecció ha donat lloc a una reducció considerable del rendiment, i per tant, dels ingressos bruts, encara que amb importants estalvis d'aigua i amb un increment en el contingut de sòlids solubles i de compostos fenòlics dels fruits. Retallant el cicle de cultiu fins a principis de setembre, quan ja s'ha collit la major part del rendiment comercial, s'aconseguiria un important estalvi d'aigua i permetria utilitzar la parcel·la en altres cultius. El RDS al 75% i al 50% NR, o RDC al 50% NR durant la collita han donat lloc a una alta incidència de fruits afectats per blossom-end rot. En meló d'Alger es pot recomanar l'aplicació de RDC, tant al 75% com al 50% NR durant la maduració del fruit, ja que ha conduït a rendiments comercials acceptables. De manera general es pot afirmar que l'aplicació de RDS i de RDC en els quatre cultius, no ha afectat de maner
[EN] Water scarcity is becoming a critical problem in arid and semi-arid areas of the world, where part of the production of the main horticultural crops is located, as is the case of the Mediterranean area. Drought is one of the main limiting factors in agriculture and it is seriously affecting the production of horticultural crops. The improvement of water productivity in agriculture in general, and in horticulture in particular, can be achieved through the use of certain strategies. Deficit irrigation consists of the supply of water below the irrigation water requirements (IWR), so that there is a reduction in evapotranspiration. It can be done continuously (CDI) or regulated (RDI). With deficit irrigation, the irrigation water use efficiency can be improved, maintaining yield, and it could even lead to an improvement in the quality of the harvest. This study, carried out at the Cajamar in Paiporta Experimental Center (Valencia, Spain), analyzes the effect of deficit irrigation on four of the main cultivated horticultural crops, open field cultivated in the Mediterranean area: two of autumnal-winter crops (cauliflower and onion) and two spring-summer crops (pepper and watermelon). In the evaluation, the following parameters have been analyzed: plant growth and water status, yield, irrigation water use efficiency, quality of production and crop profitability. In the first season the CDI was tested, which allowed to establish the different growth stages for each crop, which were used in the following season for the RDI. In the four crops, the control plants (100% IWR) have shown an adequate water status, in terms of both relative water content and membrane stability index, while those subjected to a severe CDI, have shown the lowest values of both indexes. The negative effect of deficit irrigation on yield has been less important in autumn-winter crops than in spring-summer crops, especially in cauliflower. The CDI at 50% IWR has drastically reduced the marketable yield and, consequently, the gross revenue, although it has supposed an improvement in the irrigation water use efficiency for the autumn-winter crops. From the individual analysis of the crops, it can be stated that cauliflower yield obtained with CDI at 75% IWR or RDI at 50% IWR during the juvenile phase, has remained at levels similar to the control, improving the irrigation water use efficiency. In relation to onion, in case of severe water restriction, it would be advisable to apply CDI with 75% IWR or RDI at 50% IWR during bulb ripening, since these strategies have slightly decreased yield, improving the irrigation water use efficiency. In less restrictive conditions, RDI at 75% IWR during the bulb maturation has led to a satisfactory yield, with an increase in the irrigation water use efficiency. In Italian sweet pepper, the application of RDI to 75% IWR during the harvesting has resulted in a considerable reduction of the yield, and therefore, of the gross income, although with important water savings and increasing the fruit soluble solids and phenolic compounds content. By shortening the cultivation cycle until the beginning of September, when most of the marketable yield has already been harvested, significant water savings would be achieved, and the land could be used in other crops. CDI at 75% IWR and 50% IWR, or RDI at 50% IWR at harvesting have resulted in a high incidence of fruit affected by blossom-end rot. In watermelon the RDI application can be recommended, both 75% and 50% IWR, during the fruit ripening, since it has led to acceptable marketable yields. In general terms, it can be affirmed that the application of CDI and RDI in the four crops has not significantly affected the product quality, in terms of the analyzed parameters.
My grateful thanks to the Cultural Affairs and Mission Sector, Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education for supporting me with a scholarship.
Abdelkhalik, AGA. (2019). Effect of continued and regulated deficit irrigation on the productivity of four vegetable crops in open-field conditions in the Mediterranean area [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/129868
TESIS
Books on the topic "Onion production"
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Pandey, U. B. Onion production in India. Nashik: National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, 2002.
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Pandey, U. B. Onion production in India. Nashik: National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, 2002.
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Cook, M. C. F. The potential for dry bulb onion production in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Queen'sUniversity of Belfast, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1988.
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Cook, M. C. F. The potential for dry bulb onion production in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Queen's University of Belfast, 1988.
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Samantha, N. P. G. Issues in big onion seed production and marketing. Colombo: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 2013.
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Centner, Terence J. Legislation affecting the production and marketing of Georgia's vidalia onions. Athens, Ga: Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, 1988.
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Bhattarai, S. P. Determination of critical weed competition stage and weed management aspects on onion production. Pokhara: Lumle Regional Agricultural Research Centre, 1998.
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Jaiswal, J. P. Seed production study on cauliflower var. Kibo Giant and new elite onion varieties (Regal NVP, Early Red and Red Synthetic) conducted at outreach research sites 1994: 95.. Pokhara: Lumle Regional Agricultural Research Centre, 1996.
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Edgerton, Claude Wilbur. Onion Diseases and Onion Seed Production. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Edgerton, Claude Wilbur. Onion Diseases and Onion Seed Production. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Onion production"
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Gulati, Ashok, Harsh Wardhan, and Pravesh Sharma. "Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) Value Chains." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 33–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4268-2_3.
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AbstractTomatoes, onions and potatoes, popularly known as the TOP vegetables, are the three largest cultivated, produced and consumed vegetables in India. Their production has increased dramatically over the years, making India the second-largest producer of all the three vegetables in the world just after China. Recent figures put tomato production at 19 million metric tonnes (MMT), onion production at 22.8 MMT and potato production at 50.2 MMT in 2018–19.
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Jakše, M., and B. Bohanec. "Haploid induction in onion via gynogenesis." In Doubled Haploid Production in Crop Plants, 281–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1293-4_41.
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Wiczkowski, Wieslaw. "Garlic and Onion: Production, Biochemistry, and Processing." In Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing, 625–42. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958346.ch31.
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Boyhan, George E. "Sulfur, Its Role in Onion Production and Related Alliums." In Agronomy Monographs, 183–96. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr50.c12.
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Keller, E. R. Joachim, and Larissa Korzun. "Haploidy in onion (Allium cepa L.) and other Allium species." In In Vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants, 51–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1858-5_4.
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Martínez, L. "In vitro gynogenesis induction and doubled haploid production in onion (Allium cepa L.)." In Doubled Haploid Production in Crop Plants, 275–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1293-4_40.
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Hatano, Ryusuke, and Takuji Sawamoto. "Emission of N2O from a clayey aquic soil cultivated with Onion plants." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 555–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_175.
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Alan, Ali Ramazan. "Doubled Haploid Onion (Allium cepa L.) Production Via In Vitro Gynogenesis." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 151–69. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_6.
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Collin, H. A., and G. Britton. "Allium cepa L. (Onion): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Flavor." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 23–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58062-8_2.
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Chaudhry, Usman Khalid, Muhammad Daniyal Junaid, Zahide Neslihan Öztürk Gökçe, and Ali Fuat Gökçe. "Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on Onion Production: Potential Mitigation Approaches in Modern Era." In Smart Plant Breeding for Vegetable Crops in Post-genomics Era, 143–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5367-5_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Onion production"
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Pranowo, Dodyk. "IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FRIED ONION PRODUCTS THROUGH DISSEMINATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN FRIED ONION SMES, NGANJUK REGENCY." In International conference on Innovation and Technology. JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiat.2021.se.01.018.
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The existence of fried onion processing SMEs has a very important role in the community's economy, this is because of the integration of the upstream and downstream sectors. Fried onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency have two basic problems, namely limited production capacity and inconsistent quality of fried onions produced. The limited production capacity of fried onion SMEs is due to the fact that SMEs do not yet have adequate frying equipment and the quality inconsistency of fried onions is caused by an imperfect drying process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal and external conditions of Fried Onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency. The method used in this research is SWOT analysis. Fried onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency with their fried onion products have strengths including Strategic Business Locations, Regional Food Products, Product Prices According to Market, and Affordable Prices. This Fried Onion UKM has the opportunity to increase its competitiveness by optimizing opportunities such as Production Capacity Capable of Meeting the Market, Sufficient Manpower Available, Public Purchasing Power for Relatively High Products, Aid Programs from the Government, and Training Provided by the Local Government in collaboration. Meanwhile, the threats from SMEs are Fluctuating Raw Material Prices, Quite A Number of Competitors for Similar Products, and Differences in Pricing with Competitors.
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Leach, Ashley B. "Advancing onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) control and onion production with a multi-faceted IPM program." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113857.
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"Cotton, Tomato, Corn, and Onion Production with Subsurface Drip Irrigation - A Review." In 2015 ASABE / IA Irrigation Symposium: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation - A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr. Conference Proceedings. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/irrig.20152145493.
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Seredin, T. M., and A. F. Agafonov. "Results of selection and seed-growing work on onion crops at the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-198.
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the article summarizes the long-term research on the selection and seed production of onion crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The prospects of using new varieties to obtain high-quality products for different zones are shown.
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Widiarti, Wiwit, Iskandar Umarie, Hudaini Hasbi, and Insan Wijaya. "Onion (Allium ascalonicum L) Production Technology Optimization using plastic cover And organic fertilizer dose." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/fanres-18.2018.26.
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Putri, Pratiwi Eka, I. Mangisah, and N. Suthama. "The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Onion and Garlic Husk Powder on Protein, Cholesterol and Fat of Duck Meat." In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.422-427.
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ŠILEIKIENĖ, Daiva, Laima ČESONIENĖ, and Aurelija PAULAUSKIENĖ. "PRICE DYNAMICS IN THE ASSORTMENT OF VEGETABLES OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN 2014–2016." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.065.
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The article analyzes the price dynamics of organic vegetables in Lithuania during the period of 2014 - 2016. A comparative analysis of the prices of organic vegetables (potatoes, carrots, onions) was carried out as well as a comparative analysis of Lithuanian and imported vegetables, the trends of organic potato and vegetable price dynamics were estimated. The research carried out has revealed that lowest price of organic potato during the research period was in spring and winter. Potatoes of new harvest during summer (1.23 EUR/kg) and autumn (1.25 EUR/kg) seasons are higher. Price difference between Lithuanian and imported organic carrots and potatoes during different seasons is insignificant; significant fluctuations have been recorded only in Lithuanian and imported carrots in all period and potatoes in 2015. The most expensive vegetables were organic carrots, the average price of which in 2014 was 1.38 EUR/kg. During the research period the average price of organic potatoes was 1.21 EUR/kg, i.e. 2.5 of times more than the conventional carrots (0.47 EUR/kg). Prices of the imported vegetables were higher than the prices of Lithuanian ones. In the analysed period the price of imported carrots (1.98 EUR/kg) was on average 1.5 times higher than the price of Lithuanian carrots (1.31 EUR/kg), imported organic onions (2.33 EUR/kg) were up to 57% more expensive than Lithuanian onions (1.33 EUR/kg). Germany has a wider supply of organic products. The price of potatoes in Germany using the analyzed period has risen in 51%. In 2016, the price of potatoes in Germany was 34% higher than in Lithuania. During the entire research period the price of organic carrots in Lithuania was higher than in Germany. In 2016, onions in Germany were 16% more expensive.
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Campos, Adrian, Toni Waefler, Anina Havelka, and Patricia Deflorin. "Implementing data-based services: A socio-technical model." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002566.
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The trend towards digitalization requires equipment manufacturers to complement their products with data-based services. Successfully implementing appropriate processes into existing organizational structures poses several challenges, which we address in this research. Based on two in-depth case studies together with Swiss industrial companies we developed a sociotechnical model that supports the successful implementation of data-based services. Following, the challenges as well as the model and its application are briefly described. Challenges: Adding data-based services to existing products requires not only new skills, such as the ability to collect valid data or to apply the latest algorithms of data analytics. If needed, such methodological abilities can be obtained on the labor market. Rather, it is a matter of identifying the right indicators on which to base data-driven services, or interpreting the results of analysis in a way that adds value for customers. Consequently, novel methodological abilities need to be combined with in-depth domain expertise. However, the required expertise is usually distributed throughout an organization. This is because, industrial companies over the years optimize their organizational processes and structures regarding the production, commissioning and maintenance of their traditional products. Therefore, experiences and knowledge are gained by different organizational units. Combining this distributed expertise to create synergies in the analysis and interpretation of data can be a major challenge. It becomes even more difficult, when part of the expertise is tacit or when its relevance is not obvious but requires the linking of seemingly unimportant information. Hence, organizational processes and structures must be found that enable co-production and hence the knowledge synergies required for the data-based services. The sociotechnical model: Based on an extended literature review and the needs of our industrial partners we developed a sociotechnical model. It provides operationalized criteria for designing and evaluating organizational processes and structures, which enable knowledge-oriented collaboration. The model is onion-like structured with different spheres. The data-based service to be implemented builds the core of the model. It is surrounded by spheres of technology, knowledge, human workforce, and organizational structures. For each sphere as well as for interfaces between spheres operationalized criteria are provided, which represent preconditions of successful knowledge-oriented collaboration. Examples for the criteria are: process transparency, perceived self-efficacy or mutual trust. Furthermore, the upper hemisphere of the model represents the service provider, whereas its lower hemisphere represents the customer. It is very important to have both included as the targeted synergies require boundary-spanning collaboration between the two. Model application: The model and its criteria are applied when designing the collaboration of everyone required for service delivery. As long as a company still mainly manufactures its traditional mechanical industrial products, it cannot radically reorganize. In this case, the model supports the design of processes and structures of collaboration across organizational boundaries based on defined roles and networking. In periodical meetings the collaboration within these networks is evaluated and optimized by means of the model's criteria. The model as well as its application will be presented in the paper.
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Sousa, Gustavo Gomes de, and José Roberto dos Santos Politi. "ASPECTOS ENERGÉTICOS E ELETRÔNICOS DA ZEÓLITA H-ZSM-5 NA AÇÃO CATALÍTICA DA REAÇÃO DE DESIDRATAÇÃO DE ÁLCOOIS." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202087.
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Due to the growth of ecological concerns and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the dehydration of alcohols by acid catalysis has been used for the production of various hydrocarbons. Inside this theme, the H-ZSM-5 zeolite has been widely used as a catalyst for this reaction because its high efficiency. Thus, in order to understand the catalyzed reaction mechanism of the alcohol dehydration reaction, this work used the computational methodology ONIOM to study the catalytic behavior of the H-ZSM-5. It was modeled the dehydration reaction process for several alcohols (ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and 2-butanol) by modeling these alcohols within the zeolite cavity. The study was divided into 3 stages: the adsorption and protonation of alcohols by zeolite, the description of the hydroxyl outlet, and the formation of the double bond. The analysis of the results indicates that the first stage of the reaction occurs with the contact of alcohol with the zeolite cavity, where acid hydrogen promotes the protonation of alcohols, occurring differently for each alcohol. The dehydration process occurs, preferably, via E2 type elimination mechanisms. However, the profile of the energy curves indicates that for larger alcohols, the mechanism is intermediate between the elimination mechanisms E2 with some features of E1 (E2[E1]). Therefore, the zeolite converts alcohols to hydrocarbons in a specific way. Primary, lower-chain alcohols follow E2 mechanism, while secondary and longer-chain alcohols react by a slightly different mechanism, namely E2[E1].
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"Impact of growth regulator of humate and fulvate type on productive factors of potatoes, onions and tomatoes while using in the system of dribble irrigation." In Seventh International Conference on Humic Innovative Technologies "Humic substances and technologies for resilience" (HIT – 2022). NP CBR "Humus Sapiens", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2022.085.
Full textReports on the topic "Onion production"
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Kleman, Isabella. Onion storage diseases and their headspace volatiles. Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.602791tdo5.
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Onion, Allium cepa, is one of the world’s most commonly produced and consumed vegetables. In order to be available year round in temperate climates onions must be stored for several months. During this time parts of the harvested weight of bulbs are lost to storage diseases, sprouting and respiration leading to loss of carbohydrates and water. Diseases developing in storage may be difficult to spot at early stages as bulbs are typically stored in large bins. However, storage diseases can change the volatile metabolite profile of the infected onions. Electronic sensors that detect the concentration of specific volatile compounds in the air could be deployed in storage facilities to detect these changes. This would provide an early warning system that could detect diseases developing in storage bins before it becomes obvious to a human observer. In this way, some of the losses that occur during storage of onions could be prevented. This introductory paper discusses some of the available literature on the facets of onion production that are connected to storage disease development and the detection of said storage diseases using headspace sampling and analysis. The focus of the paper is mainly on onion production and storage of long day cultivars in relatively cold, temperate climates, as the use of short day cultivars and warm storage in warmer climates comes with different challenges and diseases.
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Alemu, Dawit, and Tirhas Kinfe. Responses of Rice Farmers Engaged in Vegetable Production: Implications of the Collapse of Vegetable Prices in the Fogera Plain. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.017.
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Since the early 1980s, the Fogera Plain has been one of Ethiopia's major rice production areas. The introduction of rice, its commercialisation and the subsequent increased surplus production has led to the ability of smallholder rice farmers to intensify their production through diverse investments, mainly in supplementary irrigation. This has also enabled rice farmers to diversify crop production, mainly during the off-season, through the production of high-value crops like vegetables. Despite this expansion, a recent visit to the Fogera Plain by the authors revealed that most smallholder rice farmers were not able to sell their onions due to the collapse of local markets. To investigate this collapse further, this paper follows the authors' investigation of farmer investments in producing onion, their responses to the collapse of the onion market, and the implications for rural livelihood improvement within the Fogera Plain.
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.
Full textAbstract:
This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Phillips, Donald, and Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.
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Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.